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202. Robustness of a fixed-rent contract in a standard agency model

Author

Kim, SK, Wang, SS, Kim, SK, and Wang, SS

Abstract

It is well known that there are infinitely many incentive contracts that achieve the full information outcome in the standard agency model when the agent is risk-neutral. However, since Harris and Raviv (1979), the fixed-rent contract has been the focal point among those infinitely many first-best contracts. This paper examines whether the fixed-rent contract is robust or not in various circumstances.

Published
2004

209. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of s-Triazine Anion Clusters: Polarization-induced Electron Binding in Aza-aromatic Molecule

Author

Kim, JH, Song, JK, Park, Hyokeun, Lee, SH, Han, SY, Kim, SK, Kim, JH, Song, JK, Park, Hyokeun, Lee, SH, Han, SY, and Kim, SK

Abstract

Photoelectron spectroscopy was carried out for the mass-selected cluster anions of s-triazine molecule, Tz(n)(-) (n=1-6). The mass spectrum and vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectrum of Tz(-) showed that unlike pyridine and pyrazine, Tz binds an electron and thus becomes the first molecule in the azabenzene series with a positive electron affinity (0.03 eV). This indicates that the local charge polarization in the aromatic ring by the three nitrogen atoms is large enough to facilitate electron binding to a homologue of benzene. A Jahn-Teller distortion was proposed to explain the vibrational progressions of the photoelectron spectrum of Tz(-). A series of Ar-solvated clusters of Tz(-), Tz(-).Ar-m (m=1-7), have been also studied. Their photoelectron spectra showed a drop in the incremental electron binding energy when going from m=4 to 5, indicating the closure of a solvation shell with four Ar atoms. In the mass abundance spectrum of Tz(n)(-), a distinctly high intensity for Tz(2)(-) indicated its exceptional stability, which was also manifested by the large increase by more than 0.5 eV in the vertical detachment energy of the photoelectron spectrum. Theoretical calculations were carried out to obtain optimized geometries of the neutral and anion of Tz and Tz(2). We confirmed the Jahn-Teller distortion in Tz(-) and also addressed the role of hydrogen bonding in determining the geometries of Tz(2)(-). A common feature for the two most stable forms of Tz(2)(-) with comparable energies was that they achieve their unique stability through equal sharing of the negative charge between their two molecular constituents. A new photoelectron band was found to emerge from Tz(n)(-) for ngreater than or equal to2 by the 355 nm light, in addition to the photoelectron band at lower electron binding energy observed for ngreater than or equal to1 at 532 nm. The relative intensity of this new band decreased as n increased, and its position was 1.6-1.8 eV above the first band.

Published
2003

223. Placing two disks in a convex polygon

Author

Kim, SK, Shin, CS, Yang, TC, Kim, SK, Shin, CS, and Yang, TC

Abstract

An algorithm is presented for a convex polygon whose running time is O(n log n). The algorithm does not employ the parametric search technique which is known to be hard to implement.

Published
2000

227. PDZ-mediated interactions retain the epithelial GABA transporter on the basolateral surface of polarized epithelial cells

Author

Perego, C, Vanoni, C, Villa, A, Longhi, R, Kaech, S, Fröhli, E, Hajnal, A, Kim, S, Pietrini, G, Kaech, SM, Kim, SK, Pietrini, G., VILLA, ANTONELLO, Perego, C, Vanoni, C, Villa, A, Longhi, R, Kaech, S, Fröhli, E, Hajnal, A, Kim, S, Pietrini, G, Kaech, SM, Kim, SK, Pietrini, G., and VILLA, ANTONELLO

Abstract

The PDZ target motifs located in the C-terminal end of many receptors and ion channels mediate protein-protein interactions by binding to specific PDZ-containing proteins. These interactions are involved in the localization of surface proteins on specialized membrane domains of neuronal and epithelial cells. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for this PDZ protein-dependent polarized localization is still unclear. This study first demonstrated that the epithelial gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (BGT-1) contains a PDZ target motif that mediates the interaction with the PDZ protein LIN-7 in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and then investigated the role of this interaction in the basolateral localization of the transporter. It was found that although the transporters from which the PDZ target motif was deleted were still targeted to the basolateral surface, they were not retained but internalized in an endosomal recycling compartment. Furthermore, an interfering BGT peptide determined the intracellular relocation of the native transporter. These data indicate that interactions with PDZ proteins determine the polarized surface localization of target proteins by means of retention and not targeting mechanisms. PDZ proteins may, therefore, act as a sort of membrane protein sorting machinery which, by recognizing retention signals (the PDZ target sequences), prevents protein internalization.

Published
1999

233. Linear contracts and the double moral-hazard

Author

Kim, SK, Wang, SS, Kim, SK, and Wang, SS

Abstract

This paper studies the characteristics of optimal contracts when the agent is risk-averse in the double moral-hazard situation in which the principal also participates in the production process. It is already known that a simple linear contract is one of many optimal contracts under the double moral-hazard when the agent is risk-neutral. We find that the agent's optimal incentive scheme in this case is unique and non-linear, but less sensitive to output than would be designed under a single moral-hazard. We also find that the linear contract is not robust in the sense that the above unique and non-linear contract does not approach the linear contract as the agent's risk-aversion approaches zero. (C) 1998 Academic Press.

Published
1998

234. Choledochal Cyst in Korea: A Survey by the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons

Author

Choi, KJ, primary, Kim, DY, additional, Kim, SY, additional, Kim, SC, additional, Kim, SK, additional, Kim, WK, additional, Kim, IK, additional, Kim, JE, additional, Kim, JC, additional, Kim, HY, additional, Kim, HJ, additional, Park, KW, additional, Park, YS, additional, Park, WH, additional, Park, JY, additional, Paek, HK, additional, Seo, JM, additional, Song, YT, additional, Oh, SM, additional, Yoo, SY, additional, Lee, DS, additional, Lee, MD, additional, Lee, SK, additional, Lee, SC, additional, Lee, TH, additional, Chung, SY, additional, Chung, SE, additional, Chung, US, additional, Jung, PM, additional, Cho, MH, additional, Joo, DH, additional, Joo, JS, additional, Choi, SO, additional, Choi, SH, additional, Han, SJ, additional, Huh, YS, additional, Hong, C, additional, and Whang, EH, additional

Published
2003
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235. Limited liability and bonus contracts

Author

Kim, SK and Kim, SK

Abstract

This paper studies the nature of incentive contracts between a risk-neutral principal and a risk-neutral agent under the constraint that the agent's liability is limited. A necessary and sufficient condition is derived for the existence of a first-best con tract under this constraint, and a bonus-based contract is shown to be the most efficient contractual form. Implications of bonus contracts are also discussed.

Published
1997

236. Current State of In Vitro Embryo Production in African Lion (Panthera leo)

Author

Jennifer Zahmel, Kim Skalborg Simonsen, Julia Stagegaard, Sergio Eliseo Palma-Vera, and Katarina Jewgenow

Subjects
assisted reproduction, in vitro fertilization, in vitro maturation, African lion, domestic cat, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

In the last 30–40 years, in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) of domestic cat oocytes have been established as part of the panel of assisted reproduction technologies. As a representative of wild felids, the African lion is not yet considered endangered. Nevertheless, the zoo population management of the African lion itself as well as other closely related felids would benefit from the establishment of an IVF system. Here, we aimed to investigate the transferability of domestic cat IVF technology to the African lion. From the ovaries of 42 lionesses aged between 0.75 and 15 years, a total of 933 IVF-suitable oocytes were retrieved and subjected to IVM and IVF. The overall maturation rate was 40.6% and 18.9% of these oocytes cleaved after fertilization, respectively. Embryos were generated by intracytoplasmic sperm cell injection as well as co-culture with epididymal sperm. Improvements in the model system also led to an improved outcome with in vitro produced embryos in the lion. Compared to domestic cats, the transportation of gonads to a specialized laboratory was time-consuming and influenced oocyte quality negatively. In conclusion, the domestic cat IVF system is adoptable for the African lion, although success rates are still lower.

Published
2022
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239. EFFICIENCY OF AN INFORMATION-SYSTEM IN AN AGENCY MODEL

Author

KIM, SK and KIM, SK

Abstract

Different information systems are compared in terms of their relative efficiencies in an agency model. The mean preserving spread relation between the likelihood ratio distributions derived from the original information systems is found to be sufficient to rank information systems under quite general assumptions about the agent's utility function. Furthermore, it is shown that the mean preserving spread criterion can be applied to a broader set of information systems than Holmstrom's informativeness criterion and Blackwell's theorem.

Published
1995

240. Choledochal Cyst in Korea: A Survey by the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons

Author

Kim Sc, Kim Sk, Cho Mh, Lee Ds, Park Wh, Choi So, Chung Se, Park Kw, Kim Jc, Han Sj, Lee, Kim Ik, Paek Hk, Jung Pm, Joo Js, Lee Th, Choi Kj, Kim Wk, Joo Dh, Hong C, Kim Je, Song Yt, Oh Sm, Park Ys, Choi Sh, Chung Sy, E H Whang, Kim Hy, Seo Jm, Kim Hj, Lee Sk, Yoo Sy, Chung Us, Kim Sy, Lee Sc, Park Jy, Kim Dy, and Huh Ys

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General surgery, medicine, Choledochal cysts, Pediatric Surgeon, business, medicine.disease, Surgery
Published
2003

243. Intestinal Atresia: A Survey by the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons

Author

Kim, IK, primary, Kim, SY, additional, Kim, SK, additional, Kim, WK, additional, Kim, JE, additional, Kim, JC, additional, Kim, HH, additional, Park, KW, additional, Park, YS, additional, Park, WH, additional, Song, YT, additional, Yang, JW, additional, Oh, SM, additional, Yoo, SY, additional, Lee, DS, additional, Lee, MD, additional, Lee, SK, additional, Lee, SC, additional, Chang, SI, additional, Chung, SY, additional, Chung, SE, additional, Chung, ES, additional, Jung, PM, additional, Cho, MH, additional, Choi, KJ, additional, Choi, SO, additional, Choi, SH, additional, Huh, YS, additional, Hong, C, additional, and Whang, EH, additional

Published
1999
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244. Nutrition screening and assessment tools for patients with cancer and survivors of cancer: a systematic review protocol

Author

Anne Marie Beck, Ann-Dorthe Zwisler, Marianne Boll Kristensen, Irene Wessel, Kim Skov Ustrup, and Karin B Dieperink

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Introduction Nutritional challenges are common consequences of cancer, and they do not only occur in the hospital setting. They are also frequent after completion of treatment, and nutritional interventions in community-based post-treatment rehabilitation services are important. The first step towards initiating any nutritional intervention is to identify the individual in need hereof, but evidence is limited on the applicability of different nutrition screening and assessment tools in the post-treatment rehabilitation services. The aim is to systematically review and identify nutrition screening and assessment tools appropriate for use in patients with cancer and survivors of cancer in hospital or community-based healthcare settings.Methods and analysis In this systematic review, the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL Complete and Embase were searched systematically using comprehensive search strategies. Primary searches were carried out in August 2018 with updated searches performed in November 2019. Clinicaltrials.gov and PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews will be searched for additional relevant studies. Studies will be included if they validate a nutrition screening or assessment tool in adult patients with cancer or survivors of cancer. No restriction on publication date will be applied, and full-text articles in English, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently conduct screening of search results, study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Data will be synthesised narratively.Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is required. Results will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and published in an international peer-reviewed journal. Furthermore, results will be presented in relevant research and clinical fora to facilitate transfer of results to clinical practice in benefit of patients.PROSPERO registration number CRD42018096678.

Published
2020
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245. Translingual Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Symptoms Due to Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

Author

Mitchell Tyler, MS, Kim Skinner, DPT, Vivek Prabhakaran, MD, PhD, Kurt Kaczmarek, PhD, and Yuri Danilov, PhD

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objective: To compare the efficacy of high- and low-frequency noninvasive translingual neurostimulation (TLNS) plus targeted physical therapy (PT) for treating chronic balance and gait deficits due to mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (mmTBI). Design: Participants were randomized 1:1 in a 26-week double-blind phase 1/2 study (NCT02158494) with 3 consecutive treatment stages: in-clinic, at-home, and no treatment. Arms were high-frequency pulse (HFP) and low-frequency pulse (LFP) TLNS. Setting: TLNS plus PT training was initiated in-clinic and then continued at home. Participants: Participants (N=44; 18-65y) from across the United States were randomized into the HFP and LFP (each plus PT) arms. Forty-three participants (28 women, 15 men) completed at least 1 stage of the study. Enrollment requirements included an mmTBI ≥1 year prior to screening, balance disorder due to mmTBI, a plateau in recovery with current PT, and a Sensory Organization Test (SOT) score ≥16 points below normal. Interventions: Participants received TLNS (HFP or LFP) plus PT for a total of 14 weeks (2 in-clinic and 12 at home), twice daily, followed by 12 weeks without treatment. Main Outcome Measures: The primary endpoint was change in SOT composite score from baseline to week 14. Secondary variables (eg, Dynamic Gait Index [DGI], 6-minute walk test [6MWT]) were also collected. Results: Both arms had a significant (P

Published
2019
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246. Index Cases in Pediatric Surgery, 2000: National Survey by the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons

Author

Seo Jm, Han Sj, Huh Ys, Yoo Sy, Lee Sc, Cboi So, Kim Hh, Kim Sk, Lee, Kim Je, Kim Wk, Choi Sh, Whang Eh, Lee Ds, Song Yt, Jung Es, Cboi Kj, Kim Sc, Kim Ik, Hong C, Chung Su, Lee Sk, Chung Sy, Cho Mh, Park Kw, Oh Sm, Park Wh, Kim Sy, Kim Jc, and Jung Pm

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Index (economics), business.industry, General surgery, Pediatric surgery, medicine, Pediatric Surgeon, business
Published
2001

247. Current Status of Pediatric Surgical Practice in Korea: a Survey among the Members of Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons

Author

Kim, WK, primary, Kim, SY, additional, Kim, SK, additional, Kim, IK, additional, Kim, JE, additional, Kim, CS, additional, Kim, HH, additional, Park, KW, additional, Park, YS, additional, Park, WH, additional, Park, JS, additional, Song, YT, additional, Yang, JW, additional, Oh, SM, additional, Lee, OS, additional, Lee, MO, additional, Lee, SK, additional, Lee, SC, additional, Chang, SI, additional, Jung, SE, additional, Jung, PM, additional, Choi, KJ, additional, Choi, SO, additional, Huh, YS, additional, and Hwang, EH, additional

Published
1997
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250. Current Status(1994) of Neonatal Surgery in Korea: Survey among the members of Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons

Author

Kim, WK, primary, Kim, SY, additional, Kim, SK, additional, Kim, IK, additional, Kim, JC, additional, Park, KW, additional, Park, YS, additional, Park, WH, additional, Park, JS, additional, Song, YT, additional, Oh, SM, additional, Lee, OS, additional, Lee, MD, additional, Lee, SC, additional, Chang, SI, additional, Chung, ES, additional, Jung, PM, additional, Joe, JS, additional, Choi, SO, additional, Huh, YS, additional, and Hwang, EH, additional

Published
1996
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