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237. Postpartum hemorrhage from non-uterine arteries: clinical importance of their detection and the results of selective embolization.

Author

Kim, Jeong-Eun, So, Young Ho, Choi, Young Ho, Sung, Chang Kyu, Kim, Byoung Jae, and Kim, Sun Min

Subjects
HEMORRHAGE diagnosis, THERAPEUTIC embolization, UTERINE artery, PUERPERIUM, HEMOSTASIS, HEMORRHAGE treatment, ANGIOGRAPHY, ARTERIES, BLADDER, FEMALE reproductive organs, HEMORRHAGE, PUERPERAL disorders, RECTUM, TREATMENT effectiveness, RETROSPECTIVE studies, LUMBOSACRAL plexus, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Background Identification of the source of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is important for embolization because PPH frequently originates from non-uterine arteries. Purpose To evaluate the clinical importance of identifying the non-uterine arteries causing the PPH and the results of their selective embolization. Material and Methods This retrospective study enrolled 59 patients who underwent embolization for PPH from June 2009 to July 2016. Angiographic findings and medical records were reviewed to determine whether non-uterine arteries contributed to PPH. Arteries showing extravasation or hypertrophy accompanying uterine hypervascular staining were regarded as sources of the PPH. The results of their embolization were analyzed. Results Of 59 patients, 19 (32.2%) underwent embolization of non-uterine arteries. These arteries were ovarian (n = 7), vaginal (n = 5), round ligament (n = 5), inferior epigastric (n = 3), cervical (n = 2), internal pudendal (n = 2), vesical (n = 1), and rectal (n = 1) arteries. The embolic materials used included n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n = 9), gelatin sponge particles (n = 8), gelatin sponge particles with microcoils (n = 1), and polyvinyl alcohol particles (n = 1). In 13 patients, bilateral uterine arterial embolization was performed. Re-embolization was performed in two patients with persistent bleeding. Hemostasis was achieved in 17 (89.5%) patients. Two patients underwent immediate hysterectomy due to persistent bleeding. One patient experienced a major complication due to pelvic organ ischemia. One patient underwent delayed hysterectomy for uterine infarction four months later. Conclusion Non-uterine arteries are major sources of PPH. Detection and selective embolization are important for successful hemostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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238. Heterologous expression of thermoregulated xylanases in switchgrass reduces the amount of exogenous enzyme required for saccharification.

Author

Chen, Ming-Hsu, Kim, Sun Min, Raab, R. Michael, Li, Xuemei, and Singh, Vijay

Subjects
*ENERGY crops, *XYLANASES, *SWITCHGRASS, *PLANT physiology, *PLANT cell walls, *COST effectiveness
Abstract

The expression of cell wall degrading enzymes in bioenergy crops has been proposed as a cost-effective method to produce fuel and chemicals. In this study, the thermoregulated intein-modified endo-β-1,4-xylanases GH10 and GH11 (iXyn GH10 and iXyn GH11) were expressed in switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ). Two xylanase-expressing lines (Alamo background genetics) were compared to the wild type (Alamo genetics) to determine their composition, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and ethanol fermentation. Three switchgrass samples with similar carbohydrate contents performed differently under four selected pretreatment conditions utilizing ammonia, oxalic acid/ferric chloride, sodium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide. Pretreated iXyn samples had higher glucan and lower xylan concentrations compared to the pretreated Alamo. An increased rate of glucose production and a higher glucan conversion ratio were observed in both iXyn lines. Pretreated iXyn samples required less exogenous enzyme to achieve similar levels of saccharification. Ethanol production increased from the glucan portion of the pretreated iXyn lines. However, the overall yield may vary depending upon the characteristics of the yeast and its conversion processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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242. The presence of high level soluble herpes virus entry mediator in sera of gastric cancer patients

Author

Kim Sun Min, Heo Sook Kyoung, Byung Sam Kim, Sang-Min Park, Young Joo Min, Seong A. Ju, Sung Hun Back, Thu Ha Nguyen, Won G. An, Gyu Yeol Kim, and Neung Hwa Park

Subjects
Male, Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14, Neutrophils, TNFSF14 protein, human, Clinical Biochemistry, Inflammation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Biology, Biochemistry, Monocytes, Flow cytometry, Microbiology, Proinflammatory cytokine, medicine, Humans, Metalloprotease inhibitor, Receptor, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, Aged, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, stomach neoplasms, medicine.diagnostic_test, Monocyte, Middle Aged, Flow Cytometry, cytokines, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, inflammation, Immunology, receptors, tumor necrosis factor, member 14, Molecular Medicine, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Female, Original Article, medicine.symptom, Reactive Oxygen Species
Abstract

The development of gastric cancer (GC) is closely related to chronic inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is a receptor expressed on the surface of leukocytes that mediates potent inflammatory responses in animal models. However, the role of HVEM in human GC has not been studied. Previously, we showed that the interaction of HVEM on human leukocytes with its ligand LIGHT induces intracellular calcium mobilization, which results in inflammatory responses including induction of proinflammatory cytokine production and anti-bacterial activities. In this study, we report that leukocytes from GC patients express lower levels of membrane HVEM (mHVEM) and have lower LIGHT-induced bactericidal activities than those from healthy controls (HC). In contrast, levels of soluble HVEM (sHVEM) in the sera of GC patients were significantly higher than in those of HC. We found that monocyte membrane-bound HVEM is released into the medium when cells are activated by proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-8, which are elevated in the sera of GC patients. mHVEM level dropped in parallel with the release of sHVEM, and release was completely blocked by the metalloprotease inhibitor, GM6001. We also found that the low level of mHVEM on GC patient leukocytes was correlated with low LIGHT-induced bactericidal activities against H. pylori and S. aureus and production of reactive oxygen species. Our results indicate that mHVEM on leukocytes and sHVEM in sera may contribute to the development and/or progression of GC.

Published
2011

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