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Maritime cyber risks, due to digitalisation, automation and operational integration in the maritime sector, have emerged as a new threat to maritime security. The rapid increase in maritime cyberattacks, with far-reaching consequences, requires the maritime sector and international community to address cyber security threats. In a global world, the consequences of a cyberattack affecting the transportation system of a country or a single terminal can quickly cascade across, and disrupt, the entire global supply chain. Thus, like piracy, maritime cyber security should be approached from a global governance perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring fire safety is essential to protect life and property, but modern infrastructure and complex settings require advanced fire detection methods. Traditional object detection systems, often reliant on manual feature extraction, may fall short, and while deep learning approaches are powerful, they can be computationally intensive, especially for real-time applications. This paper proposes a novel smoke and fire detection method based on the YOLOv8n model with several key architectural modifications. The standard Complete-IoU (CIoU) box loss function is replaced with the more robust Wise-IoU version 3 (WIoUv3), enhancing predictions through its attention mechanism and dynamic focusing. The model is streamlined by replacing the C2f module with a residual block, enabling targeted feature extraction, accelerating training and inference, and reducing overfitting. Integrating generalized efficient layer aggregation network (GELAN) blocks with C2f modules in the neck of the YOLOv8n model further enhances smoke and fire detection, optimizing gradient paths for efficient learning and high performance. Transfer learning is also applied to enhance robustness. Experiments confirmed the excellent performance of ESFD-YOLOv8n, outperforming the original YOLOv8n by 2%, 2.3%, and 2.7%, with a mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of 79.4%, precision of 80.1%, and recall of 72.7%. Despite its increased complexity, the model outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms and meets the requirements for real-time fire and smoke detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adapted immune cells are known to develop memory functions that increase resistance to subsequent infections after initial pathogen exposure, however, it is unclear whether non‐immune cells, like tissue‐resident stem cells, have similar memory functions. Here, it is found that tissue‐resident stem cells crucial for tissue regeneration show diminished adverse effects on diverse stem cell functions against successive exposure to foreign antigen (β‐glucan) to maintain tissue homeostasis and stability both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that endometrial stem cells may possess a robust memory function, in contrast, fully differentiated cells like fibroblasts and vesicular cells do not show these memory mechanisms upon consecutive antigen exposure. Moreover, the pivotal role of Angiopoietin‐like 4 (ANGPTL4) in regulating the memory functions of endometrial stem cells is identified through specific shRNA knockdown in vitro and knockout mice in vivo experiments. ANGPTL4 is associated with the alteration of diverse stem cell functions and epigenetic modifications, notably through histone H3 methylation changes and two pathways (i.e., PI3K/Akt and FAK/ERK1/2 signaling) upon consecutive antigen exposure. These findings imply the existence of inherent self‐defense mechanisms through which local stem cells can adapt and protect themselves from recurrent antigenic challenges, ultimately mitigating adverse consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCurrently, intensive lipid lowering is recommended in patients with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. However, the role of statin in cardioembolic stroke is unclear. We investigated the association of statin with pretreatment collateral status in cardioembolic stroke.MethodsA collaborative study from two stroke centers in distinct geographic regions included consecutive patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction due to atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent cerebral angiography. The relationship between pretreatment collateral grade and the use/dose of statin at stroke onset was assessed. The angiographic collateral grade was evaluated according to the ASITN/SIR Collateral Flow Grading System.ResultsNinety-eight patients (76 statin-naïve, 22 statin users) were included. Compared with statin-naïve patients, statin users were older and more frequently had hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. Excellent collaterals (grade 3-4) were more frequently observed in statin users (11 patients, 50%) than in statin-naïve patients (21 patients, 27.6%; p = 0.049). The use of atorvastatin 10 mg equivalent or higher doses of statin was associated with excellent collaterals (p for trend = 0.025). In multiple regression analysis, prestroke statin use was independently associated with excellent collaterals (odds ratio, 7.841; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.96-31.363; p = 0.004).ConclusionsPremorbid use of statin in AF patients is associated with excellent collateral flow. Although most statin trials excluded patients with cardioembolic stroke, our data suggests the possibility that statin may be beneficial in AF-related stroke

BackgroundIt has recently been suggested that diffusion and perfusion MRI can identify subgroups likely to benefit or potentially be harmed by reperfusion therapies.Case reportWe investigated serial MRI data of two patients with occlusion of the proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA). In both cases, acute multiple cortical infarcts evident on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) showed extensive areas of severe perfusion delays, indicating a malignant MRI profile. However, despite the malignant MRI profiles in these cases, no new ischemic lesions or hemorrhage evolved even in the presence of persistent arterial occlusion, and the patients recovered without sequelae.ConclusionsThese two cases suggest that time-domain PWI findings should be interpreted with caution in certain scenarios of acute ischemic stroke.