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The recent acceleration of ice-sheet loss with its direct impact on sea-level rise and coastal ecosystems is of major environmental and societal concern. However, the effect of atmospheric temperature increases on long-term glacier retreat remains poorly defined due to limited historical observations and uncertainties in numerical ice-sheet models, which challenges climate change adaptation planning. Here, we present a novel approach for investigating the time-transgressive response of Arctic glaciers since the last deglaciation, using glacially-derived Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide layers preserved in glacimarine sediments from a large fjord system in Svalbard. Glacial weathering releases large amounts of Fe, resulting in the deposition of Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide particulates in nearby marine sediments, which can serve as fossil indicators of past glacial melting events. Our results indicate that Svalbard glaciers retreated at a rate of 18 to 41 m/yr between 16.3 and 10.8 kyr BP, synchronously with the progressive rise in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures. From 10.8 kyr BP, glacier retreat markedly accelerated (up to ∼116 m/yr) when regional atmospheric temperatures exceeded modern values. Coupled with field observations, this finding directly supports a non-linear response of glacial melting to summer air temperature increases. In addition to suggesting that ice-sheet loss and sea-level rise may further accelerate in the near future, this study paves the way for the use of sedimentary Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide layers in subarctic environments for reconstructing past glacial dynamics.

Bonhyuk Goo,1,* Yeon-Cheol Park,2,* Eunseok Kim,3,4 Won-Suk Sung,5 Eun-Jung Kim,6 Jung-Hyun Kim,1 Byung-Kwan Seo,2 Yong-Hyeon Baek2 1Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yong-Hyeon Baek, Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 2 440 6099, Fax +82 2 440 7143, Email byhacu@khu.ac.krBackground: The aim of the present study is to confirm the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of thread-embedding acupuncture (TEA) in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis (AC).Methods: This is a randomized, sham-controlled, patient-assessor blinded trial with two parallel arms in a 1:1 ratio. A total of 160 participants with AC, also known as frozen shoulder, will be recruited and screened according to the eligibility criteria. Those who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated to a TEA group or a sham TEA (STEA) group. Both groups will receive either real TEA or thread-removed STEA treatment on nine acupoints once a week for 8 weeks while being blinded to the intervention. The shoulder pain and disability index will be evaluated as a primary outcome measure. In addition, a 100-mm pain visual analogue scale

Funding agency:National Research Foundation of Korea NRF2021R1I1A2059735