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Background: The purpose was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes between preoperative mild and severe varus deformity after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with medial stabilizing technique (MST). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 158 knees of 125 female patients with a 2-year follow-up who underwent mechanically aligned TKA with MST between April 2018 and February 2021. Patients were divided into two groups; the severe varus group was defined as one with preoperative hip-knee ankle (HKA) angle ≥ 15° and the mild varus group with HKA angle < 15°. Pre- and post-operative clinical outcomes (Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index, Knee Society Knee Score) and radiographic outcomes (medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), HKA angle, lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), joint line distance, and femoral component rotation angle) were compared between the groups. Results: Among the 158 knees analyzed, 131 and 27 were allocated to the mild and severe varus groups, respectively. Preoperative data showed that the MPTA (84.7° ± 2.8° vs. 80.7° ± 3.2°, p < 0.001) was significantly less in the severe varus group. In postoperative data, clinical outcomes were not different between the groups. Joint line distance (18.4 mm ± 2.8 mm vs. 18.6 mm ± 2.7 mm, p = 0.676) was also not significantly different. Femoral component rotation angle (−1.7° ± 1.0° vs. −1.0° ± 1.3°, p = 0.018) was more externally rotated in the severe varus group. Conclusions: Severe varus group showed comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes to that of mild varus group after mechanically aligned TKA with MST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give two characterizations of Pareto optimality via "near" weighted utilitarian welfare maximization. One characterization sequentially maximizes utilitarian welfare functions using a finite sequence of nonnegative and eventually positive welfare weights. The other maximizes a utilitarian welfare function with a certain class of positive hyperreal weights. The social welfare ordering represented by these "near" weighted utilitarian welfare criteria is characterized by the standard axioms for weighted utilitarianism under a suitable weakening of the continuity axiom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]