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Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cuf.and other Moringa species have traditionally been used to treat various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the methanolic extract of M. stenopetala leaf and its fractions on selected tumor cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The comet assay was used toassess DNA damage, and gel electrophoresis was used to determine DNA fragmentation. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR using two specific genes for each cancer cell line. Fractionation of the methanolic extract (E−1) on Diaion HP-20 yielded five fractions (Fr-2 to Fr-6); only Fr-4 and Fr-6 were cytotoxic to breast cancer cells (MCF-7; IC50 = 58.3 ± 0.93 and 35.8 ± 2.44 μg/mL, respectively), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2; IC50 = 57.8 ± 1.57 and 39.3 ± 1.90 μg/mL, respectively), and Fr-4 was cytotoxic to human colon cancer cells (HCT-116; IC50 = 94.2 ± 4.9 μg/mL). In addition, exposure of the cancer cells to Fr-4 and Fr-6 resulted in a high level of DNA damage. Moreover, relative expression of MTAP and CDKN2A in MCF-7 were increased, whereas expression of p21 and p53 in HCT-116, and APC and TERT in HepG2 were decreased, similar to that of doxorubicin. LC-qTOF-MS was used to identify metabolites in E−1, the majority of which were enriched in Fr-4. Two terpenes (loliolide and dihydroactinidiolide), the majority of the flavonoids, and niazirin were about two fold enriched in Fr-4, whereas the majority of the lipids were 4–10 fold enriched. However, Fr-6 hardly showed compounds other than the two terpenes that were enriched 1.5 and 7 fold. The findings suggest that Fr-4 and Fr-6 are promising sources of compounds possessing cytotoxic and genotoxic properties.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to detect prognostic factors of acute bacterial meningitis on admission. Methods: Analysis of clinical and laboratory data of 60 adult acute bacterial meningitis patients admitted at Alexandria fever hospital between July 2014 to February 2015 including: age, sex, vital signs, conscious level, CSF findings, routine lab tests, metabolic acidosis, and causative organism was done initially on admission and then correlated with the patients' outcome on discharge which was either complete recovery (68.3%), recovery with sequelae (13.3%), or death (18.3%). Results: Factors associated with poor outcome were: Old age (P= 0.019), hypotension (p=0.003), low GCS (P=0.001), uremia (p=0.041), metabolic acidosis (P= 0.016), history of chronic hypertension (P= 0.018), Delayed referral &long duration of symptoms (P= 0.024). Conclusion: Acute bacterial meningitis patients having any of those poor prognostic criteria should be considered high risk patients and should have the priority for ICU admission and intensive monitoring. Key words: Acute bacterial meningitis, prognostic factors. REFERENCES Aronin SI, Peduzzi P, Quagliarello VJ. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis: risk stratification for adverse clinical outcome and effect of antibiotic timing. Ann Intern Med 1998;129(11):862-9. Auburtin M, Porcher R, Bruneel F, Scanvic A, Trouillet JL, Bedos JP, et al. Pneumococcal meningitis in the intensive care unit: prognostic factors of clinical outcome in a series of 80 cases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165(5):713-7. Bohr V, Rasmussen N, Hansen B, Gade A, Kjersem H, Johnsen N, et al. Pneumococcal meningitis: an evaluation of prognostic factors in 164 cases based on mortality and on a study of lasting sequelae. J Infect 1985; 10(2):143-57. Flores-Cordero JM, Amaya-Villar R, Rincon-Ferrari MD, Leal-Noval SR, Garnacho-Montero J, Llanos-Rodriguez AC, et al. Acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults admitted to the intensive care unit: clinical manifestations, management and prognostic factors. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29(11):1967-73. Hoen B, Viel JF, Gerard A, Dureux JB, Canton P. Mortality in pneumococcal meningitis: a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. Eur J Med 1993;2(1):28-32. Ispahani P. Bacterial meningitis in Nottingham. J Hygiene 1983;91(02):189-201. Kastenbauer S, Pfister HW. Pneumococcal meningitis in adults: spectrum of complications and prognostic factors in a series of 87 cases. Brain 2003;126(Pt 5):1015-25. Kowalik MM, Smiatacz T, Hlebowicz M, Pajuro R, Trocha H. Coagulation, coma, and outcome in bacterial meningitis--an observational study of 38 adult cases. J Infect 2007;55(2):141-8. Lu CH, Huang CR, Chang WN, Chang CJ, Cheng BC, Lee PY, et al. Community acquired bacterial meningitis in adults:the epidemiology, timing of appropriate antimicrobial therapy,and prognostic factors. ClinNeurolNeurosurg 2002;104(4):352-8. Singh UK, Sinha RK, Suman S, Singh VK.C-reactive protein as an indicator of complications in bacterial meningitis. Indian Pediatr 1996;33(5):373-6. Van de Beek D, de Gans J, Spanjaard L, Weisfelt M, Reitsma JB, Vermeulen M. Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 2004;351(18):1849-59. Van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, Wijdicks EF. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. N Engl J Med 2006;354(1):44-53. Vibha D, Bhatia R, Prasad K, Srivastava MV, Tripathi M, Singh MB. Clinical features and independent prognostic factors for acute bacterial meningitis in adults. Neurocrit Care 2010;13(2):199-204. Weisfelt M, van de Beek D, Spanjaard L, Reitsma JB, de Gans J. A risk score for unfavorable outcome in adults with bacterial meningitis. Ann Neurol 2008;63(1):90-7. Zaky S, Baki AA, Farouk S, Sabry S, Deraz AS, Sanad M, et al. Presentation, prognostic factors and outcome of acute septic meningitis in an Egyptian fever hospital. Ind J Sci Res Tech 2014;2(5):112-8.

The Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are used to represent the topographic surface of the earth as it is used in many applications. Nowadays, many free DEMs are available online. This study aims to assess the accuracy of six free DEMs. This research uses the GPS observations to determine the elevation stations in the study area by using the Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) technique and compares these elevations against the elevations computed at the same stations by using six free online Digital Elevation Models (DEMs): SRTM 1 Arc-Second, ASTER 1 Arc-Second, NASADEM 1 Arc-Second, SRTM 3 Arc-Second, GTOPO30, and ALOS PALSAR 12.5 m to find the best results from the free DEMs. The elevations of all stations of different data sources were calculated using the geoid model EGM96. The results indicate that the DEMs that give the best results in this study are obtained from NASADEM 1 Arc-Second, where (RMSE is 2.99 m, and the SD is 2.97 m), and SRTM 3 Arc-Second, where the (RMSE is 3.70 m, and the SD is 3.53 m).

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of Euphorbia schimperiana total extract, fractions, and isolated secondary metabolites were investigated. The cytotoxicity assays were assessed against four human cancer cell lines HCT116, MCF7, HePG2, and PC3 as well as against normal cell line RPE1. The plant total extract, fractions, and pure compounds were more effective against PC3 and HepG2 cell lines than HCT116 and MCF7. Significant results were observed for ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions against PC3 with IC50 of 4.7 μg/ml for ethyl acetate, however, n-hexane exhibited 100% cytotoxicity up to 6.25 μg/ml. The antibacterial potential activity was achieved on four pathogenic Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions had more valuable results (p

Banks argue that the services quality (SQ) and customer engagement (CE) need to embrace mobile applications(m-apps) like any other significant business asset in the bank. In order to succeed, banks need to improve customers' actual usage (AU) of m-apps. This study proposes a model to identify SQ factors that contribute to the CE for improving AU for m-apps. It examined the direct and indirect impacts of SQ and CE on improving AU for m-apps. Simple random sampling was used with customers who had used m-apps as questionnaire respondents (total N=369). All hypotheses were tested using (PLS-SEM). Data collection from a questionnaire of 369 customers from 13 Jordanian commercial banks was used to examine the research model. The results of the study indicate that CE has a significant and direct impact and partially mediates between factors of SQ, namely content, responsiveness, ease of use, and perceived usefulness on improving AU for m-apps. Moreover, this study suggested that, if banks intend to promote their SQ and CE, they must continuously improve their AU for m-apps.

The accuracyobtained byprocessing the GPS observationsis important in several applications. This research, using the three different techniques for processing GNSS/CORS stations to illustrate the variation in coordinates of some GNSS/CORS stations on each month at two different yearsusing the GPS observations. In this research, we obtained the GPS observations of five stations for one day in every month over 24 months.We tried to have the same day of each month, but there were some problems in the observation of these stations, which led to the replacement of the day in some months. The differences of coordinates between every two successive months in 2018 and 2019at all IGS stations when using the SECTOR tool at SOPAC technique arewithin 5 mm. But when usingTBC and CSRS-PPP techniques we detected that the differences in coordinates between every two successive months for IGS stations in 2018 are not the sameasin 2019.By fixing the coordinatesobtained by the SOPAC technique and compared to other techniques, in TBCthe common months between two years,which gives a high differencefor all IGS stations coordinates are July, August, October, November, Marchand December.But when using CSRS-PPP, the difference in IGS coordinates in 2018 differs from 2019 for all months. تعتبر الدقة التي يتم الحصول عليها من خلال معالجة ارصاد الـ GPS مهمةللعديد من التطبيقات. في هذا البحث تم استخدام ثلاث تقنيات مختلفة لمعالجة ارصاد محطات GNSS/CORS لتوضيح الاختلاف في احداثيات بعض محطات GNSS/CORS کل شهر في سنتين مختلفتين. في هذا البحث تم جمع ارصاد الـ GPS لعدد خمس محطات ليوم واحد في کل شهر علي مدار 24 شهر حاولنا ان يکون لدينا نفس اليوم من کل شهر لمدة 24 شهر ولکن کانت هناک بعض المشاکل في ارصاد هذه المحطات مما ادي الي استبدال اليوم في بعض الأشهر. الفرق في الإحداثيات فيمحطات IGSبين کل شهرين متتاليين في 2018 و 2019 عند استخدام أداة SECTOR في تقنية SOPAC کان في حدود 5 مم. ولکن عند استخدام التقنيات المتبقية TBC و CSRS-PPPکان الاختلاف في الإحداثيات بين کل شهرين متتاليين لمحطات IGS في 2018 ليس نفس الاختلافات في إحداثيات محطات الـ IGS في عام 2019. بتثبيت الإحداثيات التي تم الحصول عليها بواسطة تقنية SOPAC ومقارنتها مع التقنيات الأخرى حيث في الـ TBC کانت الأشهر المشترکة بين العامين والتي تعطي اختلاف کبير لجميع إحداثيات محطات IGSهي يوليو وأغسطس وأکتوبر ونوفمبر ومارس وديسمبر.ولکن عند استخدام CSRS-PPPفأن الاختلاف في إحداثيات محطات الـIGS في 2018 يختلف عن 2019 لجميع الأشهر.

Penta-glasses with a 59B2O3–29SiO2–2LiF–( $$10-x$$ ) ZnO– $$x$$ TiO2 composition with the melt-quench techniques were prepared. X-ray diffraction was used to examine the nature of fabricated glasses. The changes in the structure of fabricated glasses were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra. The molar volume of fabricated glasses reduces as the density increases. The mechanical characteristics of these glasses were evaluated. Besides, for the studied glasses, Phy-X/PSD and XCOM program were used to investigate the radiation shielding efficiency. These glasses were found to have an abnormal attenuation, structural, and density relationship. Glasses' mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were designed to simulate gamma photon energies ranging from 0.015 to 15 meV. MAC values determined with Phy-X/PSD and XCOM were compared and were observed in good agreement with the other.

Glasses with the chemical composition of 52B2O3 – 12SiO2–26Bi2O3 – (10 − x)TiO2 - xY2O3, :(0 ≤ x ≤ 10) prepared using the melt-quench method. The goal of this study is to investigate the structural, mechanical, and radiation shielding characteristics of these samples. XRD analysis has explored the nature of the glass system. Molar volume obtained reduced while the density denotes increased in the present system. As the molar volume decrease inter-ionic distance, polaron radius, inter-nuclear distance, and Y-Y separation of the investigated glasses decreased. The mechanical characteristics depend on the glass structure of the current glasses sample. Ultrasonic velocities and elastic moduli (experimental and theoretical) for these glasses obtained they were observed to get enhanced. The radiation shielding efficiency was investigated by Phy-X/PSD software. The mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, half-value layer, tenth value layer, and effective atomic number of glasses have been designed to simulate gamma photon energies between 0.015 and 15 MeV.

An increase in oil and gas production is associated with the increase in energy demand around the world. This increase in producing fuels is correlated with an increase in flaring process, which is a wasted energy unless utilized properly. Several utilization techniques were applied in open literature to make use of the flare gas including producing natural gas liquids (NGL), liquefied natural gas (LNG), natural gas Hydrates (NGH), and other products. Furthermore, flare gas was utilized in power generation in several applications, but it was only applied on conventional power cycles that have limited efficiency with impractical layouts. To utilize the flare gas efficiently, in this thesis two new cycles are proposed that integrate flare gas and supercritical CO2 power cycle. In the first proposed cycle, referred to as flare-to-power 1 (FTP 1), flare gas is mixed with natural gas and burned in flare heat recovery unit (FHRU) to heat the working fluid (the supercritical CO2) before entering the gas turbine. While in the second cycle (FTP 2), flare is mixed with natural gas and burned to perform a reheating process for primary heated working fluid in a heating unit (HU) using natural gas only after the process of partial expansion in a high-pressure turbine. Energy, exergy, and thermoeconomic analysis were performed comparing both configurations along with sensitivity analysis to study the effect of main parameters on the system. Moreover, a comparison between proposed cycles using indirect-combustion (IDC) with similar cycles analyzed previously using direct-oxy-combustion (DOC) flare power cycle 1 (FPC1) and flare power cycle 2 (FPC 2) is conducted. Six different flare compositions were investigated in the analysis, and it was found that the highest thermal efficiency is obtained with FPC 1 configuration using flare sample 1 with a value of 59.16% and an exergy efficiency of 77.69% at 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥=650 ℃, 𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛=32℃, 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥=25 𝑀𝑃𝑎, and 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛=4 𝑀𝑃𝑎. However, the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is obtained using FTP 1 with flare sample 4 with 3.91 ¢/kWh at 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥=30 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥=650 ℃, 𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛=32℃, and 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛=4 𝑀𝑃𝑎. These proposed cycles integrating flare gas and supercritical CO2 power cycle are superior to existing conventional cycles in terms of efficiencies, reduction of CO2 emissions, and their compact size. This study also suggests several directions of research for further investigation including analyzing the effect of variable flare gas flowrate on energy and exergy performance, and the design of cycle components in terms of size and materials. However, an experimental set-up needs to be built for results verification and validation of different aspects of the supercritical CO2 power technology.

Background Conventional extraction methods have many limitations and drawbacks, including, prolonged extraction time, present safety concern and environmental risks, with low quality extracts. We report the use of ultrasonic (UAE) and microwave (MAE) assisted technologies as techniques for improving the extraction of pharmaceutically active materials from Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) a species of prickly pear. Results The pulp and peel of the plant fruit were used and the total phenolic and flavonoid content were evaluated. Antioxidant assay (DPPH), was employed to prescreen different extracts. The Hepa1c1c7 model was used for testing the induction of chemopreventive marker protein NAD (P) H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was performed on RAW 264.7 macrophage model induced for nitric oxide (NO) release in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. In vivo study included testing the therapeutic potential of some extracts on carrageenan induced paw edema in adult rats. Our data showed that fruit peels had the highest contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of OFI extracted using microwave assisted extraction (MAE) at 800 W power for 5 min extraction time (EXM1) with a percentage increase of 74.1% and 115.3% respectively, when compared to conventional maceration. The fruit pulp showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content using MAE at 400 W power for 15 min extraction time (EXM2) with a percentage increase of 55.4% and 105.8% respectively, when compared to conventional maceration. DPPH prescreen revealed the potency of the EXM1 among other tested extracts, recording EC50 148 µg/ml. Although in vitro chemopreventive as anti-inflammatory model revealed no activity on (NQO1) induction of EXM1, the in vivo model gave positive results. Edema size reduction percentage of EXM1 was 104% after 4 hours. Anti-inflammatory markers indicated that EXM1 inhibited COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 more significantly than indomethacin and conventional extraction methods, while inhibition levels of NO and MDA in case of EXM2 extract were more significantly than other extraction methods. Moreover, extracts obtained using MAE showed a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes (GSH and SOD) than those obtained using conventional method. Conclusions The data obtained further confirming the beneficial value of MAE and UAE technologies for extraction of the active material of (OFI).

To formulate multiparticulate controlled-release alginate-gelatin (AL-GL) beads in order to modify gliclazide (GLZ) release rate. AL-GL beads were prepared using different glutaraldehyde concentrations and dried using either air or freeze-drying method. For comparison, calcium alginate beads (AL-beads) were prepared at different temperatures. Drug incorporation efficiency, beads swelling%, drug release rate, and kinetics in gradient conditions (USP Apparatus-4) were studied. Selected AL-GL beads, as a test formulation (T), were in-vivo compared with Diamicron® 80 mg conventional tablet (R). AL-beads curing temperature was inversely proportional to GLZ incorporation efficiency and directly proportional to beads swelling%. GLZ release from AL-beads was slow in 0.1 N HCl and very fast in pH 7.4. In case of AL-GL beads, GLZ incorporation efficiency and swelling% were inversely proportional to glutaraldehyde concentration. AL-GL beads showed zero-order release of GLZ for up to 11 h. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the freeze-dried beads showed a highly porous surface. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) studies indicated an interaction between alginate and gelatin due to crosslinking, while FT-IR indicated the absence of chemical interaction with GLZ. The relative bioavailability (T/R) was 97.57, 138.34, and 143.53%, for Cmax, AUC0–72, and AUC0–∞, respectively. Tmax of T was significantly higher than R. AL-GL beads could represent promising delivery systems for modulating GLZ release rate and minimizing the variation in its absorption.

إن وظيفة النظر في الاحباس من الحقوق المشروعة على كل عين موقوفة، يقتضي ممن يثبت له ذلك الحق ان يقوم بإدارة شؤون الوقف، والمتولي لهذا المنصب يسمى الناظر أي ناظر الاحباس او متولي النظر، ومن أهم الواجبات الملقاة على عاتق ناظر الاحباس في الأندلس، هي تولي ادارة الاوقاف او الاحباس وعمارتها واجارتها والدفاع عنها، وتنمية مواردها، وتحصيل غلتها ، وصرفها الى المستحقين، لان معرفة مقدار ريعها وعامرها وغامره لا يتم إلا بذلك، وما ضاع كثير من الاحباس إلا بالإهمال، لذا وجب على الناظر الكد والجد والاجتهاد في الحفاظ على هذه الاحباس سواءً اكانت عامة أم خاصة وتنمية مواردها، واموالها وصرف ريعها على الجهة التي يطلبها من اوقفها

The poverty-stricken population cannot withstand the shocks of global warming and can hardly pay the soaring expenditure of fossil fuels whose reservoirs are already approaching the threshold limit. These adventures guided the researchers towards water oxidation as a source of energy. In this study, a metal-organic framework (MOF)-based material was fabricated and catalyzed the lethargic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The synthesized material is characterized with different analytical techniques to confirm structural, morphological and textural properties. Its huge surface area (87 m2/g) rendered it a promising material to carry the OER. It exhibited shallow onset potential that is, 1.40 V vs. RHE and displayed an exceptionally low overpotential of 1.42 V vs. RHE to reach the benchmark current density (10 mA/cm2) with remarkably small Tafel slope that is, 34 mV/dec. It surpassed the state of the art electrocatalyst for OER, that is, IrO2 and RuO2 in efficiency as well as in stability.