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The thermal resistance of a three-dimensional (3D) chip stack has been experimentally clarified by authors [1–6] and an additional cooling solution is strongly required to achieve various structures of 3D chip stacks. Especially, when a high heat dissipating chip is located as a bottom chip, cooling from the bottom side of chips (in other words, from the laminate (substrate) side) is identified to be very effective by authors [7]. For cooling from the bottom side of a laminate, reduction of the thermal resistance of a laminate is important, and the effect of high thermal conductivity insulator (dielectric) is simulated as a function of the thermal via density, and via-hole-fabrication capability in various maker's high thermal conductivity insulator is also discussed. Secondly, placing a graphite sheet in the joint (interconnection) layer between a bottom chip and a laminate is proposed. When a graphite sheet is directly connected to a lid (heat spreader), it is examined how much additional heat density is managed by this cooling structure. As another aspect, in order to effectively conduct the hot spot heat of a bottom chip to large area of a laminate and accommodate various thermal via locations, it is simulated how effectively the hot spot heat of a bottom chip is spread by placing a graphite sheet in the joint layer between a bottom chip and a laminate. For cooling from the bottom side of chips, it is essential to consider the trade-off among thermal, electrical and mechanical performance and it is also discussed.

A dual-side cooling topology is proposed that is achieved by embedding a power insert into the organic substrate of a chip or chip stack. The power insert consists of vertical copper lamellas supporting lateral current feed in addition to vertical heat dissipation at minimal electrical and thermal gradients. The lateral current feed capability is key to enable the introduction of the cold plate on the bottom side of the substrate.

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are often unaware of their cognitive impairment. This unawareness might have a multifactorial etiology, including impairment of cognitive domains and psychiatric symptoms. We conducted this study to determine the factors underlying unawareness of memory impairment (UMI) in patients with AD. In 103 patients with mild AD, the UMI was quantified as the difference between the patient’s self-rating and the rating of the patient’s caregiver on a standardized memory questionnaire system, the Everyday Memory Checklist. We then examined the relationships between UMI and memory, attention, language, visuospatial/constructive perception, frontal lobe function, and psychiatric symptoms. UMI was positively associated with memory impairment and delusions when effects of age, sex, and education were partialled out, suggesting that these symptoms are involved in the formation of UMI in the patients. Thus, existing treatments for memory impairment and delusions may be beneficial for increasing the awareness of mild AD patients of their cognitive impairment.

In the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the consistency of pairwise comparison is measured by the consistency index (CI) value of pairwise comparison matrices. The CI value is defined by the size and the principal eigenvalue of comparison matrix, and the larger the CI value is, the less consistent pairwise comparison is. In this paper, we propose the estimation method of consistency intervals, in which the pairwise comparison value can move without exceeding given CI threshold. The proposed method is based on the eigenvalue method but does not calculate the principal eigenvalue and eigenvector at all, and hence, the method enables quick estimation. The method also enables us to detect which pairwise comparison leads to inconsistency of pairwise comparison and what extent the consistency can be improved, if the CI value of an original comparison matrix is large. Several numerical examples show that the proposed method is practically efficient.

We give algebraic relations among theta functions on the bounded symmetric domain of type Ir,r: quadratic relations among those over the ring Z[i] of Gaussian integers, and over the ring Z[√-2], and cubic relations among those over the ring Z[ω] of Eisenstein integers.

6-Aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase (EII), responsible for the degradation of nylon-6 industry by-products, and its analogous enzyme (EII′) that has only ∼0.5% of the specific activity toward the 6-aminohexanoate-linear dimer, are encoded on plasmid pOAD2 of Arthrobacter sp. (formerly Flavobacterium sp.) KI72. Here, we report the three-dimensional structure of Hyb-24 (a hybrid between the EII and EII′ proteins; EII′-level activity) by x-ray crystallography at 1.8 A resolution and refined to an R-factor and R-free of 18.5 and 20.3%, respectively. The fold adopted by the 392-amino acid polypeptide generated a two-domain structure that is similar to the folds of the penicillin-recognizing family of serine-reactive hydrolases, especially to those of d-alanyl-d-alanine-carboxypeptidase from Streptomyces and carboxylesterase from Burkholderia. Enzyme assay using purified enzymes revealed that EII and Hyb-24 possess hydrolytic activity for carboxyl esters with short acyl chains but no detectable activity for d-alanyl-d-alanine. In addition, on the basis of the spatial location and role of amino acid residues constituting the active sites of the nylon oligomer hydrolase, carboxylesterase, d-alanyl-d-alanine-peptidase, and β-lactamases, we conclude that the nylon oligomer hydrolase utilizes nucleophilic Ser112 as a common active site both for nylon oligomer-hydrolytic and esterolytic activities. However, it requires at least two additional amino acid residues (Asp181 and Asn266) specific for nylon oligomer-hydrolytic activity. Here, we propose that amino acid replacements in the catalytic cleft of a preexisting esterase with the β-lactamase fold resulted in the evolution of the nylon oligomer hydrolase.

Rate constants for the thermal dissociation of Si2H6 are predicted with a novel transition state model. The saddle points for dissociation on the Si2H6 potential energy surface are lower in energy than the corresponding separated products, as confirmed by high level ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. Thus, the dissociations of Si2H6 to produce SiH2 + SiH4 (R1) and H3SiSiH + H2 (R2) both proceed through tight inner transition states followed by loose outer transition states. The present "dual" transition state model couples variational phase space theory treatments of the outer transition states with ab initio based fixed harmonic vibrator treatments of the inner transition states to obtain effective numbers of states for the two transition states acting in series. It is found that, at least near room temperature, such a dual transition state model is generally required for the proper description of each of the dissociations. Only at quite high temperatures, i.e., above 2000 K for (R1) and 600 K for (R2), does a single fixed inner transition state provide an adequate description. Similarly, only at quite low temperatures (below 100 and 10 K for (R1) and (R2), respectively) does a single outer transition state provide an adequate description. Pressure dependent rate constants are obtained from solutions to the multichannel master equation. These calculations confirm that dissociation channel (R2) is negligible under conditions relevant to the thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. Rate constants for the chemical activation reactions, SiH2 + SiH4 --Si2H6 (R-1) and SiH2 + SiH4 --H3SiSiH + H2 (R3), are also evaluated within the dual transition state model. It is found that reaction R3 is the dominant channel for low pressures and high temperatures, i.e., below 100 Torr for temperatures above 1100 K.

OBJECTIVE: The only approved pharmacological approach for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in Japan is the use of a cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil hydrochloride. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies raise the possibility that cholinesterase inhibitors can slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether donepezil has a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer’s disease by using the rate of hippocampal atrophy as a surrogate marker of disease progression. METHOD: In a prospective cohort study, 54 patients with Alzheimer’s disease who received donepezil treatment and 93 control patients with Alzheimer’s disease who never received anti-Alzheimer drugs underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) twice at a 1-year interval. The annual rate of hippocampal atrophy of each subject was determined by using an MRI-based volumetric technique. Background characteristics, age, sex, disease duration, education, MRI interval, apolipoprotein E (APOE) geno...

This paper proposes a model that can estimate filter resistance using estimated air-conditioner indoor unit air flow rate, which is tightly related to filter fouling conditions. Two sorts of value are used as inputs to estimate air flow rate. One is the power consumed by the fan in the indoor unit of a room air-conditioner and the other is the thermal performance of a room air-conditioner. For the room air-conditioners that the real-time indoor unit fan power consumption is available, fan power consumptions are used as inputs to estimate filter resistance. For the room air-conditioners that are equipped with refrigerant pressure and temperature sensors, this model estimates filter resistance using refrigerant pressure and temperature, air temperature or enthalpy difference between supply and indoor air. This model was validated using a really running multi-evaporator Gas-engine Heat Pump (GHP) system. The maximum and average difference between estimated and measured filter resistance are 12.72% and 5.89% when using the fan power consumption as inputs. When using the air-conditioner thermal performance data, the maximum and average estimation errors are 13.12% and 5.96%. The validation results show that this model is accurate enough for estimating filter resistance. Based on this model, the method for commissioning filters in air-conditioner is discussed. This method is useful for automatically estimating filter resistance and reminding users timely to clean or replace a filter to prevent wasting energy and to maintain desirable indoor environment.

An example is given of a qubit quantum channel which requires four inputs to maximize the Holevo capacity. The example is one of a family of channels which are related to 3-state channels. The capacity of the product channel is studied and numerical evidence presented which strongly suggests additivity. The numerical evidence also supports a conjecture about the concavity of output entropy as a function of entanglement parameters. However, an example is presented which shows that for some channels this conjecture does not hold for all input states. A numerical algorithm for finding the capacity and optimal inputs is presented and its relation to a relative entropy optimization discussed., 19 pages, 15 figures. several typos corrected in v2

The electronic structures, conformation, and orientation of cyclooctatetracontane were studied by ultraviolet photoelectron and metastable atom electron spectroscopy for ultrathin films prepared on...

In this paper, we construct automorphic forms on the five-dimensional complex ball which give the inverse of the period map for cyclic 4-ple coverings of the complex projective line branching at eight points. We use theta constants associated to the Prym varieties of these coverings.

Purpose: Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional growth factor that variably affects proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix formation. Little information is currently available on the TGF-β expression in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of TGF-β isoforms and their receptors in human MFH specimens. Experimental Design: The expression of TGF isoforms, and TGF-β receptors (TGF-βR1 and -βR2) were immunohistochemically evaluated in 43 paraffin-embedded MFH specimens. Furthermore, the correlation of the TGF-β and receptor expression with tumor proliferative activity assessed by MIB-1 indices was analyzed. Results: Positive immunoreactivity for TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 was identified in tumor cells of 42, 40, and 38 of the 43 MFHs, respectively. In each TGF-β isoform immunostaining, the specimens were divided into two groups based on the number of positive tumor cells: those with low ( Conclusions: These findings strongly suggest an association of the TGF-β ligand/receptor system with a significantly higher MIB-1 index in human MFHs. Investigation of the TGF-βR1 and -βR2 coexpression might be useful in predicting tumor behavior of MFHs.

Aims Clinical pathways (CPs) are rarely used in the treatment of dementia. We established a CP for a series of medical practices (diagnosis, treatment, establishment of a care system, and caregiver education) for patients with dementia hospitalized for a three-week period, and evaluated its usefulness. Methods The length of hospital stay and hospital costs were compared between 23 consecutive patients with dementia hospitalized and treated using a CP and 20 controls treated by conventional medical practice without using a CP in a special ward for dementia patients. In the CP group, at the time of discharge, primary caregivers, physicians, and nurses were given a questionnaire to obtain their comments about the impression of treatment with the CP. Results The questionnaire survey indicated that the CP deepened the caregiver's understanding of the sequence of medical practices for the inpatient, the disorders of the inpatient, the treatment methods, and the methods for coping with the disorder. The CP was also useful for facilitating inpatient medical practice and promoting the establishment of a care system after discharge. The use of the CP significantly shortened the length of hospital stay and decreased hospital costs during hospitalization but increased the amount of work per day and made the medical staff feel that their freedom to choose medical procedures had been restricted. Conclusions The CP was useful for execution of inpatient medical practices for patients with dementia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The purpose of these notes is to discuss the relation between the additivity questions regarding the quantities (Holevo) capacity of a quantum channel T and entanglement of formation of a given bipartite state. In particular, using the Stinespring dilation theorem, we give a formula for the channel capacity involving entanglement of formation. This can be used to show that additivity of the latter for some states can be inferred from the additivity of capacity for certain channels. We demonstrate this connection for a family of group--covariant channels, allowing us to calculate the entanglement cost for many states, including some where a strictly smaller upper bound on the distillable entanglement is known. Group symmetry is used for more sophisticated analysis, giving formulas valid for a class of channels. This is presented in a general framework, extending recent findings of Vidal, Dur and Cirac (e-print quant-ph/0112131). We speculate on a general relation of superadditivity of the entanglement of formation, which would imply both the general additivity of this function under tensor products and of the Holevo capacity (with or without linear cost constraints)., Comment: 18 pages LaTeX, 1 eps figure. In v2 some obvious mistakes corrected and references updated. In v3 slightly more weight on group symmetry. v4 final version

We study the entanglement cost of the states in the contragredient space, which consists of $(d-1)$ $d$-dimensional systems. The cost is always $\log_2 (d-1)$ ebits when the state is divided into bipartite $\C^d \otimes (\C^d)^{d-2}$. Combined with the arguments in \cite{Matsumoto02}, additivity of channel capacity of some quantum channels is also shown., Comment: revtex 4 pages, no figures, small changes in title and author's affiliation and some typo are corrected

The dinuclear and trinuclear copper(II) complexes [Cu 2 (O)(OH)(ClO 4 )(phen)(H 2 O)]ClO 4 .[Cu 2 (L)(OH)(ClO 4 ) 2 (phen)(CH 3 OH)] (1) and [Cu 3 (L) 2 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ](NO 3 ) 2 (2) (HL=2-[2-(α-pyridyl)ethyl]imino-3-butanone oxime and phen=1,10-phenanthroline) were prepared and their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Complex 1 is composed of [Cu 2 (L)(OH)(ClO 4 )(phen)(H 2 O)]ClO 4 (la) and [Cu 2 (L)(OH)(ClO 4 ) 2 (phen)(CH 3 OH)] (1b). In la and 1b, one oximato of L and one hydroxo group bridge two copper(II) ions. The linear trinuclear cation [Cu 3 (L) 2 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] 2 - in 2 is centrosymmetric, and one oximato and one hydroxo group bridge the central and terminal copper(II) ions. The strong antiferromagnetic interactions within the dinuclear and trinuclear complexes 1 and 2 have been observed (2J =∼ -900 cm - 1 for 1 and 2, respectively, H = -2JS 1 .S 2 ).

Through the modular embedding of the complex n-dimensional ball BnC into the Siegel upper half-space Sn+1 of degree n + 1 with respect to the Eisenstein integers Z[ω], we pull back the theta constants on Sn+1. We find a condition on the characteristics of the theta constants so that the pullbacks are non-zero automorphic forms on BnC with respect to the congruence subgroup Γ(1−ω). These automorphic forms are real valued on the real ball naturally embedded in the complex ball.

A solitary fibrous tumor is a relatively unusual neoplasm first described as a distinctive tumor arising from pleura. Some reports have shown that solitary fibrous tumors also affect extrathoracic regions. The current study presents a literature review with four additional patients with solitary fibrous tumor arising from the extremities to clarify clinicopathologic features. The current four patients were two males and two females, ranging from 17 to 60 years of age. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the current patients showed inhomogeneous low to intermediate intensity signal on T1-weighted images and inhomogeneous intermediate to high intensity signal on T2-weighted images. Histologically, the tumors were composed of a haphazard proliferation of spindle cells, although cellularity was variable in each case. Two of the four tumors showed hypercellularity of spindle cells with focally myxomatous or hyaline changes, whereas myxomatous patterns with scattered spindle cells throughout the specimens were observed in the other two tumors. Immunohistochemically, all four patients showed positive immunoreactivity for CD34, and two tumors showed focally positive immunoreactivity for bcl-2 protein. During the followup of 12 to 54 months, neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis was detected after wide resection. Examination of the literature and the current patients suggests that solitary fibrous tumors in the extremities are likely to have a malignant potential, although most patients have a benign clinical course. Local wide resection and careful long-term followup are necessary for patients with solitary fibrous tumor in the extremities.

A patient with bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip associated with a uterine myoma is presented. A 51-year-old woman could not walk because of severe pain in both hips and had been referred to the authors' institute. Magnetic resonance imaging scans showed abnormal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images in both femoral heads and a large mass arising from the uterus which was diagnosed as a uterine myoma. A 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraph showed diffuse uptake in both femoral heads. The pain in both hips decreased shortly after a hysterectomy and the patient could walk without crutches within 2 weeks after the gynecologic surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging scans taken 8 months after surgery showed high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, indicating normal bone marrow in the femoral heads. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report showing a bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip associated with uterine myoma. The pathophysiologic mechanisms for bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip in the current patient and in pregnancy may be identical. More specifically, a large intrapelvic mass may cause an increase of intrapelvic pressure and subsequent blood stasis in both conditions. The current case suggests the possible factors of bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip which need to be investigated.

We define the concurrence hierarchy as d-1 independent invariants under local unitary transformations in d-level quantum system. The first one is the original concurrence defined by Wootters et al in 2-level quantum system and generalized to d-level pure quantum states case. We propose to use this concurrence hierarchy as measurement of entanglement. This measurement does not increase under local quantum operations and classical communication., Revtex, 6 pages

It is important for proton therapy to calculate dose distributions accurately in treatment planning. Dose calculations in the body for treatment planning are converted to dose distributions in water, and the converted calculations are then generally evaluated by the dose measurements in water. In this paper, proton dose calculations were realized for a phantom simulating a clinical heterogeneity. Both dose calculations in the phantom calculated by two dose calculation methods, the range-modulated pencil beam algorithm (RMPBA) and the simplified Monte Carlo (SMC) method, and dose calculations converted to dose distributions in water by the same two methods were verified experimentally through comparison with measured distributions, respectively. For the RMPBA, though the converted calculations in water agreed moderately well with the measured ones, the calculated results in the actual phantom produced large errors. This meant that dose calculations in treatment planning should be evaluated by the dose measurements not in water but in the body with heterogeneity. On the other hand, the results calculated in the phantom, even by the less rigorous SMC method, reproduced the experimental ones well. This finding showed that actual dose distributions in the body should be predicted by the SMC method.

We have investigated the voltage dependence of the light transmittance for homogeneous thin nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cells composed of 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), which were confined between two glass plates. The substrate surfaces with polyimide layers were rubbed unidirectionally to make a uniform planar director orientation with a strong surface anchoring condition. An NLC cell was set between polarizer and analyzer. The He-Ne laser beam was passed through the NLC slab oriented with its optic axis parallel to the linearly polarized direction of the light beam. The light transmitted through the analyzer, which was crossed with the polarizer, was detected as a function of the applied voltage. In zero electric field it is expected that the director will have a uniform planar alignment and this orientation gives a minimum intensity of the light transmitted. When the voltage is applied to the NLC cell, the director for 5CB with its positive dielectric anisotropy rotates to orient parallel to the el...

For a cubic surface X, by considering the intermediate Jacobian J(Y) of the triple covering Y of the 3-dimensional projective space branching along X, Allcock, Carlson and Toledo constructed a period map per from the family of marked cubic surfaces to the four dimensional complex ball embedded in the Siegel upper half space of degree 5. We give an expression of the inverse of per in terms of theta constants by constructing an isomorphism between J(Y) and a Prym variety of a cyclic 6-ple covering of the projective line branching at seven points.

This report presents a case of neural fibrolipoma arising from the superficial peroneal nerve in the ankle. A 28-year-old woman was referred with a soft tissue mass in the anterior aspect of the right ankle, which had been gradually enlarging for the past 10 years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass lesion, measuring approximately 8 x 3 x 2 cm, with high to partially low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. A band of low signal intensity within the lesion, which is indicative of coexistence with the tumor and the superficial peroneal nerve, could be detected on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The patient underwent an excisional biopsy. The specimen microscopically consisted of nerve bundles and fibro-fatty proliferation with abundant collagen fibers. Immunoreactivity for CD34 antigen antibody was detected in fibrous spindle cells. This is the first report to present an immunohistochemical profile of neural fibrolipoma. Neural fibrolipoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis when a lipomatous lesion is encountered in the foot or ankle as well as in the upper extremities.

For several discontinuous groups acting on the hyperbolic 3-space, which are commensurable with the group arising from the Whitebread link complement, we construct systems of invariant functions, in terms of theta functions, which give explicit projective embeddings of the quotient spaces.

For charged particle irradiations, the response of an imaging plate (IP) changes around the Bragg peak. Therefore, an appropriate compensation is necessary for the evaluation of dose distribution formed by charged particles such as protons. In this paper, the response of IPs to clinical proton beams is investigated. An experimentally-obtained depth-dose distribution (an ordinary Bragg curve) by a silicon semiconductor detector (SSD) is employed to evaluate the compensation factors as a function of proton penetrating depth, i.e. residual range. A typical dose distribution in a water phantom formed by an L-shaped bolus is measured by IPs and corrected by using the information of those compensation factors; the residual proton range is successfully calculated by the pencil beam algorithm at an arbitrary point. The results show a good agreement with the measurements by the SSD within the rms error of 3.0%.

In this paper, new methodology -- direct approach -- for the determination of the attainable CR type bound of the pure state model, is proposed and successfully applied to the wide variety of pure state models, for example, the 2-dimensional arbitrary model, the coherent model with arbitrary dimension. When the weight matrix is $SLD$ Fisher information, the bound is determined for arbitrary pure state models. Manifestation of complex structure in the Cramer-Rao type bound is also discussed., LaTeX, 40 pages

A simplified Monte Carlo (SMC) method has been developed for dose calculation of therapeutic proton beams. It uses the depth-dose distribution in water measured by a broad proton beam to calculate the energy loss in a material easily and accurately. It employs the water-equivalent model of inhomogeneous materials. In addition, the multiple scattering effect in the materials is also calculated using the water-equivalent thickness. The accuracy of dose calculations by the SMC method is verified by comparison with dose measurements in a heterogeneous phantom. Results of the measured dose distributions agree well with calculations by the SMC method, though those determined by the dose calculation method based on the pencil beam algorithm show a large discrepancy. Therefore, the dose-calculation method by the SMC method will be useful for application to the treatment planning for proton therapy.

We study a hypergeometric function in two variables and a system of hypergeometric differential equations associated with this function. This is a regular holonomic system of rank $9$. We give a fundamental system of solutions to this system in terms of this hypergeometric series. We give circuit matrices along generators of the fundamental group of the complement of its singular locus with respect to our fundamental system., Comment: 35 pages, 4 figures

461 Background: Carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) has the potential advantages in terms of improved dose localization and enhanced biological effectiveness compared to conventional radiotherapy or proton therapy. C-ion RT is expected to contribute to the prolongation of survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We started C-ion RT for pancreatic cancer at SAGA HIMAT since April 2014. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of C-ion RT for locally advanced PDAC. Methods: From April 2014 to May 2016, 76 patients with pancreatic cancer were treated with definitive C-ion RT. 44 patients who were confirmed as unresectable locally advanced PDAC were included in this retrospective analysis. 32 patients were excluded because of resectable disease (n = 8), borderline disease (n = 6), without pathological confirmation (n = 20). C-ion RT was performed with 55.2 Gy (RBE) at 12 fractions in 3 weeks. The anti-tumor effect was evaluating using CT and FDG-PET according to RECIST ver. 4.0. Results: The median follow-up period was 12.8 (range 3.4-27.5) months from the initiation of C-ion RT. In all patients, planned C-ion RT was completed. Induction chemotherapy was performed in 35 (80%) and the median duration time was 3 (range 1-19) months. Forty patients (91%) underwent concurrent chemotherapy with gemcitabine or S-1. Local effect using CT criteria was CR in 2, PR in 5, and SD in 37. The evaluation adding FDG-PET criteria was CR in 25, PR in 6, and SD in 13. Five patients (11%) experienced local recurrence during follow-up period. Two patients who had SD by CT and CR by FDG-PET performed tumor resection and were revealed pathological CR. One and two-year survival rate from C-ion RT were 82% and 66%, respectively. The two-year survival rate from initial treatment was 75%. Only three patients (7%) experienced grade 3 toxicities that were leukopenia, anorexia, and gastric ulcer. There was no grade 4 or 5 toxicity. Conclusions: C-ion RT for locally advanced PDAC was effective and well tolerated. FDG-PET was useful for the evaluation of local effect after C-ion RT.

Recently, the downsizing and high-performing semiconductor packages have been developed and 3D packaging has been spurred research into reliability of TSV (through silicon via) [l]-[9]. In conventional SiP (System in Package), several semiconductor chips had been arranged in a plate. It is difficult to correspond to downsizing and high-performing of electronic devices because that large area is occupied by the package. The semiconductor chips have been stacked and TSVs have been used to communicate between the chips in order to solve above problems. The 3D stacked structure which was developed by ASET (Association of Su per-Advanced Electronics Technologies) [10] is shown in Fig.1. TSV (copper) is electrode which passes through silicon chip and micro bump (copper) [11] is arranged between chips. Heat is generated in package due to operation of semiconductor device, and it has been reported that silicon is broken by thermal stress which is depend on temperature increment. In case of 3D-SIP, higher stress has to be considered in the most outer part of TSV and micro bump structure due to warp and mismatch of CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) of material. Therefore simulations with detail model must be desired for more accurate evaluation of stresses in Si chips and TSVs. However it is difficult that all of TSVs and micro bumps in chips were modeled due to large number of numerical data even if the latest computing systems have been adopted.

In conventional SiP (System in Package), several semiconductor chips had been 2D arranged in an interposer and a mother board. However, it is difficult to downsize and improve the performance of electronic devices due to that large area is occupied by the chips. Recently, 3D packaging technology has been investigated to reduce size of devices and to improve performance of semiconductor devices [1-11]. In particular, study on TSV (through silicon via) has been developed for stacked structure of semiconductor chips. TSVs are electrodes which are through semiconductor chip and conduct electrical signals between stacked semiconductor chips. TSV technology enables faster signal communication and downsizing of devices. 3D stacked structure developed by ASET (Association of Super-Advanced Electronics Technologies) and its enlarged structure are shown in Fig. 1 [10]. Many Cu-TSV are formed in three stacked semiconductor chips and SiO 2 -insulator and resin are formed as shown in its enlarged structure around TSV structure. Heat is generated in package due to operation of semiconductor device, and it has been reported that silicon and devices are broken by thermal stress which is depend on temperature increment. In case of reflow process, fracture of silicon and devices are also reported. In case of 3D-SIP, higher stresses are generated at interfaces and corner of electrical parts in globally and of materials in locally due to warp and mismatch of CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) of materials. Therefore simulations which are focused on global area and local area are necessary for more accurate evaluation of fracture phenomena of 3D stacked package.

As the flexible plates, the papers in printing machines, the thin plastic and metal films, and the fluttering flag are enumerated. In this paper, the flexible plate is assumed to be stationary in an axial flow although both the stationary plate and the axially moving plate can be thought. The fluid is assumed to be treated as an ideal fluid in a subsonic domain, and the fluid pressure is calculated using the velocity potential theory. The coupled equation of motion of a flexible cantilevered plate is derived in consideration of the added mass, added damping and added stiffness, respectively. The velocity potential is obtained by assuming the unsteady axial fluid velocity to be zero at the trailing edge of a flexible cantilevered plate, neglecting the effect of a circulation. The complex eigenvalue analysis is performed for the stability analysis. In order to investigate the validity of the proposed analysis, another stability analysis is also performed by using the non-circulatory aerodynamic theory. The comparison between both solutions is investigated and discussed. Changing the velocities of a fluid and the specifications of a plate as parametric studies, the effects of these parameters on the stability of a flexible cantilevered plate are investigated.Copyright © 2014 by ASME

The paper presents study result on an innovative, intelligent and inexpensive BWR (iBR). It is the first Generation III.7 reactor after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. It has incorporated lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi accident and WENRA safety objectives. It has innovative safety to cope with devastating natural disasters including a giant earthquake, a large tsunami and a monster hurricane. The iBR can survive passively such devastation and a very prolonged SBO without any support from the outside of a site up to 7 days even preventing core melt. It, however, is based on the well-established proven ABWR design. NSSS is exactly the same as that of the current ABWR. As for safety design it has a double cylinder RCCV (Mark W containment) and an in-depth hybrid safety system (IDHS). The Mark W containment has double FP confinement barriers and the in-containment filtered venting system (IFVS) that enable passively no emergency evacuation outside the immediate vicinity of the plant for a SA. It has a large volume to hold hydrogen, a core catcher, a passive flooding system and a passive containment cooling system (PCCS) establishing passively practical elimination of containment failure even in a long term. The IDHS consists of 4 division active safety systems for a DBA, 2 division active safety systems for a SA and built-in passive safety systems (BiPSS) consisting of an isolation condenser (IC) and the PCCS for a SA. IC/PCCS pools have enough capacity for 7 day grace period. The IC/PCCS, core and spent fuel pool are enclosed inside the CV building and protected against a large airplane crash. The iBR can survive a large airplane crash only by the CV building and the built-in passive safety systems therein. The dome of the CV building consists of a single wall made of steel and concrete composite. This single dome structure facilitates a short-term construction period and cost saving. CV diameter is smaller than that of most PWR resulting in the smaller R/B. The iBR is based on the proven ABWR technology and ready for construction. No new technology is incorporated but design concept and philosophy are initiative and innovative.

Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of various malignancies, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is an attractive option because it can deliver precise conformal radiation doses to the target while minimizing the dose to adjacent normal tissues. IMRT provides a highly conformal dose distribution by modulating the intensity of the radiation beam. A number of malignancies have been targeted by IMRT; this work reviews published data on the major disease sites treated with IMRT. The dosimetric advantage of IMRT has resulted in the significant reduction of adverse effects in some tumors. However, there are few clinical trials comparing IMRT and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), and no definite increase in survival or the loco-regional control rate by IMRT has been demonstrated in many malignancies. IMRT also requires greater time and resources to complete compared to 3D-CRT. In addition, the cost–effectiveness of IMRT versus 3D-CRT has not yet been established.

Thermal stresses around void in TSV (Through Silicon Via) structure in 3D SiP were discussed under the conditions of device operation and reflow process by using FEM (Finite Element Method). In case of the condition of device operation, equivalent stress around void inside Cu TSV was estimated at around 100 MPa. It showed the low possibility for low cycle fatigue of Cu TSV under device operation because that the stress was lower than yield stress of copper, 210MPa. Maximum principal stress of Si was estimated around 100 MPa. It was lower than bending stress of Si. In case of the condition of reflow process, the equivalent stress of TSV with void was higher than yield stress of Cu. However temperature elevation due to reflow process was once or twice during the process. It showed the low possibility for fracture by low cycle fatigue under reflow process. In case without void, maximum principal stress of Si was estimated around 400 MPa. It was almost similar to the bending strength of Si. Stress concentrations were occurred at parts of corner and interface of materials. It has possibility that singular stress field was formed at the parts, and we should discuss fracture induced by singular stress field.

The stresses of TSV (Through Silicon Via) and Si chips in 3D-SiP were discussed with a large scale simulator based on FEM (Finite Element Method), ADVENTURECluster. In this study, the stacked layer structure of Si chips is modeled accurately. Thermal stress simulation for TSV structure in Si chips is carried out under thermal loads due to device operation and reflow process. In case of device operation, the equivalent stress of TSV is lower than the yield stress of copper. Maximum principal stress of Si chip is estimated to be around 100MPa. The stress is lower than the bending strength of silicon. However, these stresses level should not be ignored for damage and crack generation of Si single crystals. In case of reflow process, the equivalent stress of TSV at middle part is lower than the yield stress of copper. Maximum principal stress of Si chip is estimated to be around 300MPa. The stress is almost similar the bending strength of silicon.

Recently, it is proposed to do quantum computation through the Berry's phase(adiabatic cyclic geometric phase) shift with NMR (Jones et al, Nature, 403, 869(2000)). This geometric quantum gate is hopefully to be fault tolerant to certain types of errors because of the geometric property of the Berry phase. Here we give a scheme to realize the NMR C-NOT gate through Aharonov-Anandan's phase(non-adiabatic cyclic phase) shift on the dynamic phase free evolution loop. In our scheme, the gate is run non-adiabatically, thus it is less affected by the decoherence. And, in the scheme we have chosen the the zero dynamic phase time evolution loop in obtaining the gepmetric phase shift, we need not take any extra operation to cancel the dynamic phase.

The reaction between AgClO 4 , dppm and Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O affords the tetranuclear [Ag 4 (μ 3 -S 2 O 3 )(μ-S 2 O 3 )(μ-dppm) 4 ] cluster, in which the four Ag atoms form a square bridged by four dppm ligands and the two thiosulfate ligands are bound on both sides of the Ag 4 plane. The S atom of one thiosulfate ion forms bonds with three Ag atoms, while the S atom of the other forms bonds with two Ag atoms. The trinuclear [Ag 3 (μ 3 -Cl)(μ-S 2 O 3 )(μ-dppm) 3 ] cluster is obtained by a reaction of AgCl with dppm and Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O. The structure of the cluster comprises an Ag 3 triangle bridged by three dppm ligands. The S atom of the thiosulfate ion forms a double bridge at the edge of the triangle from one side of the Ag 3 plane and the chloride ion forms a triple bridge from the other side of the Ag 3 plane.

(−)-Herbertenediol (3) which is regarded as a biosynthetic precursor of mastigophorenes A and B has been effectively synthesized from (R)-1,2-dimethyl-2-cyclopentene carboxylic acid by applying an intramolecular Heck reaction to the construction of the quaternary carbon center, and then horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative coupling of 3 has given rise to (−)-mastigophorenes A and B. Mastigophorenes A and B have been found to exhibit significant neuroprotective activity in primary cultures of fetal rat cortical neurons.

Let $\psi$ be the period map for a family of the cyclic triple coverings of the complex projective line branching at six points. The symmetric group $S_6$ acts on this family and on its image under $\psi.$ In this paper, we give an $S_6$-equivariant expression of $\psi^{-1}$ in terms of fifteen theta constants., Comment: latex2e

Although lipomas are common soft-tissue tumors, intra-articular occurrence is unusual1-4. Occasional cases of intra-articular lipoma arborescens have been re ported5-11; however, true intra-articular lipoma is extremely rare3,4. These two entities have been con sidered as one in some recent reports12-14, but true lipoma and lipoma arbores cens are different pathological entities3,4, with different clinical presentation and pathogenesis. Stressing the differences between true lipoma and lipoma arborescens, we describe the case of a patient who had a large intra-articular lipoma and no joint symptoms. A seventy-three-year-old woman who had been previously healthy was admitted to our hospital because of a soft-tissue mass involving the right knee joint. She had first noted the mass ten years earlier, when it appeared to be much smaller. Because she had no pain or limitation of activities, she had not sought medical attention. Upon discovering the mass, the patient's local physician referred her to us in September 1999. The medical history and the family history were unremarkable, and the patient remembered no trauma to the knee. Physical examination revealed a soft-tissue mass measuring 6 by 9 cm on the anteromedial aspect of the right knee joint (Fig. 1Fig. 1). On palpation, the mass was found to be adherent to the joint, soft, nontender, and similar in temperature to the surrounding tissue. The mass became more prominent and firm with contraction of the quadriceps muscle. No joint effusion was present. Full extension and 140 degrees of flexion of the knee were possible, without pain or locking. No muscle atrophy was evident. The results of blood tests, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, and C-reactive protein level, were essentially normal. Fig. 1: Photograph made at the time of presentation, …

The octanuclear cluster of silver(I) [Ag 8 (μ 6 -S){S 2 P(OC 2 H 5 ) 2 } 6 ] comprises eight Ag atoms located at the corners of a cube elongated along the threefold axis with a μ 6 -S atom in its center and each sulfur atom of the S 2 P(OC 2 H 5 ) 2 − ligand bridges two opposite sides of a cubic face formed by four Ag atoms. An infinite arrangement of {[Ag 8 (μ 6 -S){S 2 P(OC 2 H 5 ) 2 } 6 ]·H 2 O} ∞ is formed along the c -axis.

An 18-year-old woman presented with left elbow joint pain. Radiographs and computed tomographic scan showed a well-defined osteolytic lesion of the left ulna associated with a honeycomb appearance on the radiographs. Magnetic resonance images showed intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and mixed intermediate and high signal intensities on T2-weighted images. Only the periphery of the lesion enhanced with intravenously injected gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. The lesion was curetted to avoid pathologic fracture, and a histologic diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma of bone was made. Hemangioma involving the ulna is rare, but should be included in the differential diagnosis of a radiographic osteolytic lesion with a honeycomb appearance.

A 71-year-old slender, previously healthy man was admitted to the authors' institution because of a huge painless mass in his left scapular area. Physical examination revealed a second soft tissue mass in his right scapular region and a third soft tissue mass in the anterior side of his right shoulder. Surgical treatment including marginal resection of the second and third small masses followed by wide local resection of the huge tumor was performed. Histologic examination showed that the first mass was a well differentiated lipomalike liposarcoma, whereas the second and third lesions were identified as intramuscular lipomas. A review of the literature showed two cases of retroperitoneal liposarcoma associated with multiple subcutaneous lipomas and two cases of liposarcoma involving an extremity associated with multiple subcutaneous lipomas. There is no previous report in which intramuscular liposarcoma was associated with multiple intramuscular lipomas.

To investigate the histological features of foci, which showed signal intensities different from fat by magnetic resonance (MR) imagings in well-differentiated lipoma-like liposarcomas and a case of lipoma, a retrospective review of these lipomatous tumors was performed to correlate MR and histological findings. Microscopic findings revealed that these foci were also composed of lipomatous tissue. Well-differentiated liposarcoma and benign lipoma associated with such foci should be differentiated from dedifferentiated liposarcoma based on the histological findings.