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203. Carbon Monoxide Releases and Poisonings Attributed to Underground Utility Cable Fires -- New York, January 2000-June 2004.

Author

Wilburn, R. E., Welles, W. L., Horton, D. K., Berkowitz, Z ., and Kaye, W. E.

Subjects
CARBON monoxide, ACCIDENTS
Abstract

Describes the events documented by the New York State Department of Health during January 2000-June 2004 in which carbon monoxide (CO) releases resulted from underground utility cable fires. Number of CO burnout events reported; Percentage of injured persons due to CO burnouts that came from the general public; Injuries most frequently sustained.

Published
2004

205. Strengthening the In-Hospital Chain of Survival With Rapid Defibrillation by First Responders Using Automated External Defibrillators: Training and Retention Issues

Author

Kaye, W., Mancini, M.E., Giuliano, K.K., Richards, N., Nagid, D.M., Marler, C.A., and Sawyer-Silva, S.

Abstract

Study objective: To determine whether staff outside critical care areas who were proficient in basic life support (BLS) could be easily trained to use automated external defibrillators (AEDs) and whether they would retain these skills. Design: Prospective, longitudinal cohort series. Setting: Two university teaching hospitals. Participants: One hundred forty nurses who had previously learned BLS and constituted the staff from three medical/surgical nursing units from each study hospital. Interventions: The nurses were taught how to use the Heartstart 1000s, a lightweight portable shock-advisory AED, in a 2-hour class with an instructor and manikin-to-student ratio of 1:5. The course emphasized hands-on practice of the BLS-AED algorithm on a computerized manikin. Results: Using a similar scenario, each nurse was evaluated on the computerized manikin immediately after training (posttest). At 1 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 9 months after the initial training, convenience samples of the cohort in three different groups were evaluated for retention. Satisfactory performance was defined as delivery of the first AED shock within 2 minutes of recognition of the arrest. At the posttest after training, 139 of 140 nurses (99%) demonstrated satisfactory performance. Of 77 nurses evaluated, 31 of 32 at 1 to 3 months, 18 of 18 at 4 to 6 months, and 24 of 27 at 7 to 9 months after initial training (95% overall) performed satisfactorily. Conclusion: As has been demonstrated with prehospital emergency personnel, nurses outside critical care areas who are proficient in BLS can easily learn and retain the knowledge and skills to use AEDs. Automated external defibrillation, a BLS skill, should be incorporated into BLS programs (BLS-AED) for all hospital personnel expected to respond to a patient in cardiac arrest, with rapid defibrillation taking priority over CPR. [Kaye W, Mancini ME, Giuliano KK, Richards N, Nagid DM, Marler CA, Sawyer-Silva S: Strengthening the in-hospital chain of survival with rapid defibrillation by first responders using automated external defibrillators: Training and retention issues. Ann Emerg Med February 1995;25:163-168.]

Published
1995
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222. Evidence for three genetic loci involved in both anorexia nervosa risk and variation of body mass index

Author

Berrettini, W, Hakonarson, H, Jall, S, Zeggini, E, Herzog, W, Guo, Y, Volckmar, A-L, Boraska Perica, V, Hinney, A, Kesselmeier, M, Winkler, T W, Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Scherag, A, Brandys, M, Bergen, A W, Heid, I M, Bulik, C M, Zipfel, S, Ehrlich, S, van Elburg, A, Föcker, M, Tschöp, M H, Egberts, K M, Franklin, C S, Collier, D, Antel, J, Adan, R, Müller, T D, Hebebrand, J, de Zwaan, M, and Kaye, W

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 3. Good health
Abstract

The maintenance of normal body weight is disrupted in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) for prolonged periods of time. Prior to the onset of AN, premorbid body mass index (BMI) spans the entire range from underweight to obese. After recovery, patients have reduced rates of overweight and obesity. As such, loci involved in body weight regulation may also be relevant for AN and vice versa. Our primary analysis comprised a cross-trait analysis of the 1000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the lowest p-values in a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of AN (GCAN) for evidence of association in the largest published GWAMA for BMI (GIANT). Subsequently we performed sex-stratified analyses for these 1000 SNPs. Functional ex vivo studies on four genes ensued. Lastly, a look-up of GWAMA-derived BMI related loci was performed in the AN GWAMA. We detected significant associations (p-values < 5×10−5, Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05) for 9 SNP alleles at 3 independent loci. Interestingly, all AN susceptibility alleles were consistently associated with increased BMI. None of the genes (chr. 10: CTBP2, chr. 19: CCNE1, chr. 2: CARF and NBEAL1; the latter is a region with high linkage disequilibrium) nearest to these SNPs has previously been associated with AN or obesity. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that the strongest BMI signal originated predominantly from females (chr. 10 rs1561589; poverall: 2.47 × 10−06/pfemales: 3.45 × 10−07/pmales: 0.043). Functional ex vivo studies in mice revealed reduced hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 and Nbeal1 after fasting. Hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 was increased in diet induced obese (DIO) mice as compared to age-matched lean controls. We observed no evidence for associations for the look-up of BMI related loci in the AN GWAMA. A cross-trait analysis of AN and BMI loci revealed variants at three chromosomal loci with potential joint impact. The chromosome 10 locus is particularly promising given that the association with obesity was primarily driven by females. In addition, the detected altered hypothalamic expression patterns of Ctbp2 and Nbeal1 as a result of fasting and DIO implicate these genes in weight regulation.

223. ANOREXIA-NERVOSA - DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE-RESEARCH

Author

Bolis, C. L., Abraham, G., Araki, S., Brambilla, F., Brewerton, T., Casper, R., Halmi, K., Herholz, K., Kaye, W., Kuboki, T., Julio Licinio, Magistretti, P., Muller, E., Negrao, A., Ndiaye, P., Pirke, K., Suematsu, H., Thomas, P. K., Wakeling, T., and Zhou, D. F.

225. Resuscitation: Experience without feedback increases confidence but not skill

Author

Kaye W, G Wynne, T.R. Evans, and Theresa M. Marteau

Subjects
Resuscitation, Medical education, business.industry, General Engineering, Self-concept, General Medicine, Prognosis, Self Concept, Heart Arrest, Medical Staff, Hospital, Humans, Learning, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, Clinical Competence, Artificial intelligence, Clinical competence, business, Research Article, General Environmental Science

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