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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2016 Libra Kayıt No: 96372 …

Teknolojinin ve sanayileşmenin gelişmesi, nüfus artışı gibi nedenlerden dolayı çevre kaynaklarının tüketimi hızlanmış, çevrenin dengesi bozulmuş ve böylece çevresel sorunlar ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Zamanla artan bu sorunlar insan yaşamını tehdit eder hale gelmiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak çevreye karşı suçlar düzenlenmeye başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda Türk Ceza Kanunu'nda da çevreye karşı suçlar düzenlenmiştir. Çalışma konusunu çevreye karşı suçlardan olan imar kirliliğine neden olma suçu oluşturmaktadır.5237 sayılı TCK yürürlüğe girene kadar kabahat olarak düzenlenen ruhsatsız yapılaşma, yeni TCK ile birlikte ilk defa suç olarak düzenlenmiştir. Maddede ruhsatsız veya ruhsata aykırı bina yapmak, ruhsatsız bina dolayısıyla başlatılan şantiyelere su, telefon ve elektrik bağlanmasına müsaade etmek ve ruhsatsız binalarda sınai faaliyete müsaade etmek suç olarak düzenlenmiştir.Çalışmada öncelikle çevreye karşı suçlarla korunan hukuki değere ilişkin tartışmalara yer verilerek çevre hakkının kapsamı ve mülkiye hakkı ve konut hakkı ile ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Avrupa Birliği ve çeşitli ülke düzenlemelerinde çevrenin korunması ve imar kirliliğine neden olma suçunun tarihçesi verildikten sonra çevrenin ceza hukuku ile korunması gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Çevreye karşı fiillerin ceza hukukuna başvurulmadan önce idare hukuku kuralları ile korunduğundan çevreye karşı suçların idare hukukuna bağlılık sorunu kanunilik ilkesi ışığında incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise İmar Kirliliğine Neden Olma suçu unsurlarına ayrılarak detaylı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: İmar, Çevre, Çevreye Karşı Suçlar, Kabahat, Suç, İmar Kirliliği, Çevre Kirliliği, Ceza Hukuku Improving technology and industry, population growth and rapid consumption of environmental resources have caused deterioration of natural balance. Hence, environmental problems have occurred. In course of time, environmental problems increased and became to threat human existence and other livings. As a result of this problem, environmental crimes are started to being established. In this concept environmental crimes were established in Turkish Penal Code as well. Subject of this work is crime of causingpollution of Zoning.Before effectiveness of TPC numbered 5237, unauthorized buildings were punished as misdemeanors. For the firs time it was established as a crime by the TPC. In this article, unauthorized buildings, no-permitting buildings, permitting to connect water, electricity and phone line to unauthorized constructions and also permitting industrial activities in unauthorized buildings are established as a crime.In this thesis, first of all legal goods of environmental crimes, concept of right of living within a healthy and balanced-environment, right to property and right to housing are evaluated. After European Union's and different countries' regulations are examined, historical ground of this crime and need criminal law for protection of environment is disgusted. Before criminal law interventions, the environment was protected via administrative sanctions. That's why environmental crimes are established connected with administrative law. In the last part of thesis, elements of CrimeOfCausingPollution of Zoning is in detailexamined.Keywords: Zoning, Environmental, Environmental Crimes, Misdemeanor, Crime, Zoning Pollution, Environmental Pollution, Criminal Law 270

WOS: 000384531200019, Sludge is the ultimate by product of all traditional and conventional wastewater treatment processes. Conversion of the treatment sludge into new products is a significant disposal alternative for these wastes. In this study, branches, leaves and the organic and inorganic trash coming out from the aerated sand trap unit have all been mixed up with determined mixing ratios and composting has been realised by windrow-composting technique. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of 4 different treatment sludge composts and chemical fertilizer on soil characteristics and plant (oat and grass) yields. Experiments were conducted in randomized black design with 3 replications in a plastic high-tunnel greenhouse. The sludge composts of sample1 (S1) and sample2 (S2) were applied at rates of 4 t/da and 6 t/da. Chemical fertilizer was applied in the form of N8P6. Grass was sown in a rate of 20 gr m(-2). Oat was sown in pots at a rate of 60 seeds per pot and then thinned to have 40 plants in each pot. Sludge composts in grass and oat culture significantly improved soil characteristics and increased the plant yields. It was concluded that sludge composts could be used as an alternative soil amendment., Cumhuriyet University CUBAP Chairmanship [M 465, M 384], This study and investigation has been endorsed by the Cumhuriyet University CUBAP Chairmanship with Project No M 465 and Project No M 384. I sincerely thank CUBAP Chairmanship for their endorsement.

The aim of this study was to compare the nutritivevalues of hays of local sainfoin (Onobrychissativa) populations these grown in Sivas, Kayseri and Kahramanmaraşprovinces of Turkey. For this purpose, 12 different sainfoin populationsharvested from these provinces. Sainfoins harvested at flowering stage anddried then chemical compositions, in vitro gas and methane productions,metabolic energy and digestible organic matter contents were determined. Therewere significant (P≤0.01) differences between chemical compositions of localsainfoin populations. Crude protein contents varied between 12.73 and 15.90%,crude ash contents varied between 5.95 and 7.63%, dry matter contents between19.41 and 22.39%, condensed tanin ratios between 2.07 and 4.70%, ADF and NDFcontents changed between respectively 32.01-41.79% and 42.57-53.89% and crudefat contents varied between 0.69 and 2.02%. 24 h in vitro gas and methaneproductions varied between respectively 39.49-52.40 ml and 7.70-10.30 ml.Metabolic energy contents of studied materials changed between 8.31 and 10.19MJ/kg DM and digestible organic matter contents varied between 60.05 and72.59%. According to current findings, there were considerable differencesbetween nutrient contents of studied sainfoin populations and it was concludedthat the population which harvested from Kayseri Bünyan come into prominencewith higher protein and metabolisable energy and lesser ADF and NDF contentthan the others., Bu çalışmanın amacı; Sivas, Kayseri ve Kahramanmaraşillerinde tarımı yapılan yerel korunga (Onobrychissativa) popülâsyonlarına ait otların besleme özellikleri yönündenkarşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla bu illerde tarımı yapılan 12 korunga popülasyonuçalışmada materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Bitkiler çiçeklenme dönemindebiçilerek kurutulmuş ve kimyasal kompozisyon, in vitro gaz ve metan üretimi ilemetabolik enerji ve organik madde sindirim derecesi belirlenmiştir. Korungapopülâsyonlarının kimyasal kompozisyonu yönünden istatistiksel olarak çok önemli(P≤0,01) farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Ham protein oranı %12,73 ile 15,90 arasında,ham kül oranı %5,95 ile 7,63 arasında, kuru madde oranı %19,41 ile 22,39arasında, kondense tanen oranı %2,07 ile 4,70 arasında, ADF oranı %32,01 ile 41,79arasında, NDF oranı %42,57 ile 53,89 arasında ve ham yağ oranlarının ise %0,69ile 2,02 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. 24 saat in vitro gaz ve metanüretimleri sırasıyla 39,49 ile 52,40 ml ve 7,70 ile 10,30 ml arasında,metabolik enerji içerikleri 8,31 ile 10,19 MJ/kg KM arasında ve organik maddesindirim dereceleri ise %60,05 ile 72,59 arasında değişim göstermiştir.Araştırma sonuçlarına göre besin madde içerikleri bakımından popülasyonlararasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiş ve Kayseri Bünyan’dan alınankorunga popülasyonunun yüksek protein ve metabolik enerji ve düşük ADF ve NDFiçeriğine sahip olması ile diğer popülâsyonlardan öne çıktığı belirlenmiştir.

Objective of the study is to determine the effects of different liquid-manure doses and manure-chemical fertilizer combinations on yield and quality parameters of silage corn grown as second crop after vetch + barley combination. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 4 replications during the years 2010 and 2011 in Turkey. Totally, 12 treatments consisting of different doses of liquid manure alone and combinations of liquid manure with chemical fertilizers were tested in the experiment. Two year average indicated that green herbage yield, plant height, plant diameter, cob ratio, stem ratio, crude protein ratio, NDF and ADF ratios varied between 35396.7-44610.0 kg ha-1; 193.13-237.07 cm; 13.25-17.30 mm; 30.52-33.75 %; 20.20-24.61 %; 42.45-49.05 %; 3.96-8.46 %; 65.01-69.77 % and 33.51-35.85 %, respectively. Research results showed that 15 ton liquid manure + 30 kg ha-1 chemical nitrogen combination (L1.5N3) had higher green herbage yield (44610.0 kg ha-1) than 120 kg ha-1 chemical nitrogen treatment (N12). However, crude protein ratio of N12 treatment (8.46 %) was higher than L1.5N3 (5.55 %) and the difference between them was found to be significant. The first study on sustainable second crop silage maize production under Central Anatolian highlands conditions demonstrated that chemical nitrogen use can significantly be reduced by using liquid manure as an alternative to chemical fertilizers without any negative effects on soil chemical characteristics.

Bu çalışma, silajlık olarak kullanılan 20 farklı mısır çeşidi (Ada-523, Kompozit Arifiye, Sakarya, NK Gigantic, NK Arma, NK Famoso, RX-9292, Colonia, Sum 1186, Sancia, Larigal, Cadiz, Carella, Donana, Borja, OSSK 644, Pasha, PG 1610, PG 1661 ve Otello) ile Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Kızılırmak Meslek Yüksekokulu Araştırma ve Uygulama Alanı’nda (40°20′N, 33°58′E, rakım 550 m), 2012 ve 2013 yılları mısır yetiştirme sezonlarında, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada incelenen bütün özellikler yönünden çeşitler arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek koçan sayısı (1.9 adet/bitki) NK Arma çeşidinden, en yüksek koçan oranı NK Famoso (%50.1) ve Sakarya (%49.5) çeşitlerinden elde edilirken, en yüksek hasıl verimi Carella (13190 kg da-1), Kompozit Arifiye (12830 kg da-1), Cadiz (12660 kg da-1) ve Larigal (12360 kg da-1) çeşitlerinde tespit edilmiştir. Kuru madde verimi bakımından en yüksek değerler Donana (4163 kg da-1), Larigal (4145 kg da-1) ve Cadiz (4098 kg da-1) çeşitlerinde tespit edilirken, en yüksek ham protein verimi değerleri ise NK Arma (2575 kg da-1), Larigal (2523 kg da-1) ve Cadiz (2495 kg da-1) çeşitlerinde belirlenmiştir. İki yıllık ortalama sonuçlara göre, Orta Kızılırmak Havzası ve benzer ekolojik koşullarda Carella, Larigal, Cadiz, Kompozit Arifiye ve NK Arma çeşitlerinin, diğer çeşitlere kıyasla biraz daha ön plana çıktığı ve öncelikli olarak önerilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır., This study was conducted, during the 2012 and 2013 corn growing seasons, for a period 2 years, according to the randomized complete block design, as 3 replicates, at the Research and Implementation Area of the Kizilirmak Vocational High School of Cankiri Karatekin University (40°20ꞌ N, 33°58ꞌ E, elevation 550 m), which is located on the Middle Kizilirmak Basin of Turkey. In this study, 20 different corn varieties used silage were used as a plant material. According to mean of 2 years, significant differences have been determined among the all properties as statistically. The highest corncob number (1.9 item plant-1) in the NK Arma and corncob rate were arranged in the NK Famoso (50.1%) and the Sakarya (49.5%) varieties. While the superior herbage yields were obtained in the Carella (131.900 kg ha-1), Kompozit Arifiye (128.300 kg ha-1), Cadiz (126.600 kg ha-1), and Larigal (123.600 kg ha-1) varieties, dry matter yields were determined in the Donana (416.300 kg ha-1), Larigal (414.500 kg ha-1), and Cadiz (409.800 kg ha-1) varieties. The best results were stated from the NK Arma (2575 kg ha-1), Larigal (2523 kg ha-1), and Cadiz (2495 kg ha-1) varieties as crude protein yield. In conclusion, the Carella, Larigal, Cadiz, Kompozit Arifiye, and NK Arma varieties can be suggested compared with the other varieties under Middle Kizilirmak Basin Ecological Conditions.

Bu çal????ma, tescil edilmi?? yayg??n fi?? çe??itlerinin tanelerinin hayvan besleme yönünden farkl??l??????n?? ortayakoymak amac??yla yap??lm????t??r. Çal????mada, 14 yayg??n fi?? çe??idi tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göreanaliz edilmi??tir. Analiz sonuçlar??na göre; asit deterjan selülozu (ADF) oran?? %7.47-14.19 aras??nda, nötraldeterjan selülozu (NDF) oran?? %16.84-29.25 aras??nda, ham protein oran?? %24.45-31.69 aras??nda, ham küloran?? %2.53-2.82 aras??nda, sindirilebilir kuru madde %77.84-83.08 aras??nda, kuru madde tüketimi %4.10-7.13 aras??nda ve nispi yem de??eri 260.14-449.40 aras??nda de??i??mi??tir. Ara??t??rma sonucunda; ham proteiniçeri??i yönünden Dicle çe??idi, yüksek ADF oran?? yönünden Soner çe??idi, dü??ük NDF içeri??i, yüksek kurumadde tüketimi ve nispi yem de??eri yönünden Al??no??lu çe??idi ön plana ç??km????t??r., This research was carried out to determine the nutrient compositions of registered common vetch seeds.In the study, 14 common vetch cultivars were analyzed according to randomized plot design. Resultsindicate that acid detergent fiber (ADF) ranged between 7.47-14.19%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF)ranged between 16.84-29.25%, crude protein ratio ranged between 24.45-31.69%, crude ash ratio 2.53-2.82%, digestibility dry matter (DDM) ratio ranged between 77.84-83.08%, dry matter intake (DMI) ratioranged between 4.10-7.13% and relative feed value ranged between 260.14-449.40. As a result; Diclevariety in content of crude protein, Soner variety in high ADF ratio, Alinoglu variety in low NDF ratio, inhigh dry matter intake and relative feed value has come to the fore.Key Words: Common vetch, ADF, NDF, crude protein, relative feed value

Islah materyalleri ve kültürü yap??lan bitkiler; verim özelli??i yönünden incelendi??i gibi biotik ve abiotik stresko??ullar??na dayan??kl??l??klar?? yan??nda yem kalitesi gibi özellikleri bak??m??nda da de??erlendirilmelidir. Buçal????mada 11 adet bezelye çe??it ve hatlar??n??n tanelerinin besleme özellikleri yönünden kar????la??t??r??lmas??amaçlanm????t??r. Yap??lan çal????ma sonucunda yem bezelyeleri tanelerinin kimyasal kompozisyonlar?? aras??ndaoldukça farkl??l??klar gözlemlenmi??tir. ADF oran?? %8.35-14.34, NDF oran?? %18.65-36.48, ham protein oran??%20.39-31.63, ham kül oran?? %2.43-5.55, ham ya?? oran?? %1.27-1.87, sindirilebilir kuru madde oran??%77.73-82.39, kuru madde tüketimi %3.29-6.64 ve nispi yem de??eri ise 209.30-404.17 aras??ndade??i??mi??tir. Ara??t??rma sonuçlar??na göre gerek ??slah materyali olarak gerekse tarla tar??m?? için materyalseçiminde amaca uygun seçimlerin yap??lmas?? çok önemli oldu??u belirlenmi??tir., Breeding materials and cultural crops should be investigated with regard to not only yield parameters butalso feed quality based on resistance against abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The present study wasconducted to compare feed quality parameters of 11 different forage pea genotypes. Results revealedrelatively different outcomes with regard to chemical compositions of forage pea kernels. ADF variedbetween 8.35-14.34%, NDF between 18.65-36.48%, crude protein between 20.39-31.63%, crude ashbetween 2.43-5.55%, crude oil between 1.27-1.87%, digestible dry matter ratio between 77.73-82.39%,dry matter consumption between 3.29-6.64% and relative feed value varied between 209.30-404.17.Current findings indicated the proper selection of breeding material and culture materials.

Çalışmada, farklı özeliklere sahip silaj sorgum genotiplerinin fizyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve bu özelliklerin verimle ilişkilendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Deneme 2007-2008 yıllarında yetiştirme sezonunda, 2 yıl süre ile tesadüf blokları deneme desenine uygun olarak 3 tekrarlamalı kurulmuştur. Araştırmada net fotosentez hızı (Pn), stoma iletkenliği (gs), klorofil içeriği (Kİ), yaprak alan indeksi (YAİ), bitki örtüsü sıcaklığı (BÖS), bitki boyu, bitki çapı ve yeşil ot verimi gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; vejetatif dönem yaprak alan indeksi ile vejetatif dönem net fotosentez hızı ve stoma iletkenliği arasında, çiçeklenme dönemi yaprak alan indeksi ile çiçeklenme dönemi klorofil içeriği ve bitki boyu arasında, vejetatif dönem klorofil içeriği ile vejetatif ve çiçeklenme dönemi stoma iletkenliği arasında, yeşil ot verimi ile çiçeklenme dönemi klorofil içeriği ve bitki çapı arasında, vejetatif dönem net fotosentez hızı ile çiçeklenme dönemi net fotosentez hızı ve stoma iletkenliği arasında, vejetatif dönem stoma iletkenliği ile çiçeklenme dönemi net fotosentez hızı ve stoma iletkenliği arasında olumlu ve önemli ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Araştırmada kullanılan genotipler içerisinden, yeşil ot verimi yönünden ön plana çıkmış B 24, ICSB 472 ve ICSB 502 genotipleri bölge tarımı için önerilmektedir., The present study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics of silage sorghum and their effects on yields. Experiments were conducted in randomized block design with 3 replications during the growing seasons of 2007-2008. Net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content (KI), leaf area index (YAI), canopy temperature (BÖS), plant height, plant diameter, green herbage yield parameters were investigated. Results revealed significant positive relationships between vegetative period leaf area index and vegetative period net photosynthesis rate – stomal conductance; between flowering period leaf area index and flowering period chlorophyll content – plant height; between vegetative period chlorophyll content and vegetative – flowering periods stomal conductance; between green herbage yield and flowering period chlorophyll content – plant diameter; between vegetative period net photosynthesis rate and stomal flowering period net photosynthesis rate – stomal conductance; vegetative period stomal conductance and flowering period net photosynthesis rate – stomal conductance. Among the experimented genotypes, the genotypes B 24, ICSB 472 and ICSB 502 with their prominent green herbage yields might be recommended for the region.

The study was conducted to determine silage characteristics and relative feed values of triticale genotypes to be used for silage. 6 different cultivars and 4 lines of triticale were used as plant material in the study. Experiment was carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications under Bingöl conditions. The experimental plots were harvested at dough stage of the plants, ensiled into 5 kg plastic jars and opened after 60 days. Results revealed that dry matter content of the silage varied between 35.54% and 41.46%, protein content between 7.34% and 10.25%, raw ash content between 5.21% and 7.19%, NDF content between 51.24% and 60.00%, ADF content between 33.93% and 39.47%, lactic acid content between 48.12 and 59.25 g kg-1 DM, acetic acid content between 15.41 and 19.22 g kg-1 DM, propionic acid between 2.86 and 4.21 g kg-1 DM, pH between 4.55 and 4.93, Fleig score between 78.74 and 99.48, digestibility of dry matter between 57.42% and 62.21%, dry matter intake between 1.99% and 2.30%, relative feed value between 88.55 and 110.90, depending on the genotypes. It was concluded that triticale could be used as a quality silage crop for animal feeding., Bu araştırma bazı tritikale genotiplerinin silaj karakterlerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. 10 adet tritikale genotipi (6 adet çeşit, 4 adet ileri hat) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Deneme Bingöl koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Silaj yapımı için hasat, hamur olum döneminde yapılmış, silaj örnekleri 5 kg’lık plastik kavanozlara alınmış, analiz için kavanozlar 60 gün sonra açılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, tritikale genotiplerine bağlı olarak silajda, kuru madde oranının %35.54 ile %41.6 arasında, protein içeriğinin %7.34 ile %10.25 arasında, ham kül oranının %5.21 ile %7.19, NDF oranının %51.24 ile %60.00 arasında, ADF oranının %33.93 ile %39.47 arasında, kuru maddede laktik asit içeriğinin 48.12 ile 59.25 g kg-1 arasında, kuru maddede asetik asit içeriğinin 15.41 ile 19.22 g kg-1 arasında, kuru maddede propionic asit içeriğinin 2.86 ile 4.21 g kg-1 arasında, pH değerlerinin 4.55ile 4.93 arasında, fleig puanlarının 78.74 ile 99.48 arasında, sindirilebilir kuru madde oranının %57.42 ile %62.21 arasında, kuru madde tüketim oranının ise %1.99 ile %2.30 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre denemede kullanılan tritikale genotiplerinden elde edilen silajın hayvan beslenmesinde kullanılabilecek silaj kalite kriterlerini taşıdığı belirlenmiştir.

Objectives of this research are to determine physiological characteristics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes and to investigate the relationships between these characteristics and yield components. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications over the experimental fields of Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University Agricultural Faculty during the years 2007-2008. Net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content (CC), canopy temperature (CT), plant height (PH), plant diameter (PD) and biomass (B) characteristics were investigated. Results revealed negative relations between vegetative state canopy temperature (VSCT) and sugar content (SC), between vegetative state chlorophyll content (VSCC) and flowering state chlorophyll content (FSCC), between PH and FSCC and between vegetative state net photosynthesis rate (VSPn) and PH-B. Positive relations were observed between B and PH-SC, between FSCC and vegetative state leaf area index (VSLAI)- (VSCC), between vegetative state stomatal conductance (VSgs) and VSLAI-VSPn. The genotype Della was found to be prominent with regard to biomass, sugar and plant height like yield components.

This study was carried to determine the nutritive value of dry biomass of different peanut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties during 2012 growing season in a farmer field in Bingol. In the experiment, 10 peanut varieties were evaluated as material. Experiment was carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications. In the experiment; crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter intake (DMI), relative food value (RFV), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) characteristics were investigated. According to analysis of variance, there were statistically significant difference between varieties for crude protein (CP) and dry matter intake (DMI) values. The varieties Florispan and Arıoğlu-2003 (10.11% and 8.64%) had higher CP ratio, while Florispan (3.46) variety was in the first place for its DMI value., Bu çalışmada, farklı yerfıstığı (Arachis hypogaea) çeşitlerinin kuru otlarına ait besin madde kompozisyonlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla, 2012 yılı yetiştirme sezonunda Bingöl’de bir çiftçi tarlasında yürütülmüştür. Denemede, 10 adet yerfıstığı çeşidi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Denemede; ham protein (HP), ham kül (HK), sindirilebilir kuru madde (SKM), kuru madde tüketimi (KMT), nispi yem değeri (NYD), asit deterjan lif (ADF) ve nötr deterjan lif (NDF) özellikleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan varyans analizi sonucunda, ham protein (HP) ve kuru madde tüketimi (KMT) değerleri arasındaki farklılıklar istatistikî olarak önemli bulunmuştur. HP oranı bakımından Florispan ve Arıoğlu-2003 (%10.11 ve %8.64) çeşitleri ön plana çıkarken, KMT değerleri bakımından ise yine Florispan (3.46) çeşidi ilk sırada yer almıştır.

This study was conducted at the Middle Kizilirmak basin of Turkey (40 degrees 20'N, 33 degrees 58'E, elevation 550 m), during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons, to determine the effects of different mixture ratios (sole Hungarian vetch (HV), annual ryegrass (AR); 80%HV+20%AR, 60%HV+40%AR, 40%HV+60%AR, and 20%HV+80%AR) and row spacings (20, 30, and 40 cm) on the forage yield and quality of the HV and AR intercropping system. The experiment was planned in a randomized complete block design, where a split-plot arrangement of mixture ratios was considered as the main plot with the row spacings considered as subplots. According to the mean of 2 years, the different mixture ratios and row spacings had a statistically significant effect on all of the properties. At the end of the research, among the different mixture ratios and row spacing interactions, the highest green herbage yield (33.4 t ha(-1)), hay yield (7.5 t ha(-1)), lowest neutral detergent fiber (52.2%), and crude ash (7.8%) rates were obtained from the 60%HV+40%AR mixture and 30-cm row spacing interaction. The highest crude protein (CP) rate (17%), CP yield (1156 kg ha(-1)) and ADF (39.5%) ratios were obtained from the 80%HV+20%AR mixture and 30-cm row spacing interaction. The highest RFV value (107) was obtained from the 80%HV+20%AR mixture and 20-cm row spacing interaction. These results show that increasing the HV ratio in the mixture has positive effects on the yield and quality, whereas raising the row spacing has adverse effects on the forage values. Therefore, 80%HV+20%AR or 60%HV+40%AR with a 30-cm row spacing interaction can be suggested for forage production in an HV and AR intercropping system., This study was conducted at the Middle Kizilirmak basin of Turkey (40°20′N, 33°58′E, elevation 550 m), during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons, to determine the effects of different mixture ratios (sole Hungarian vetch (HV), annual ryegrass (AR); 80%HV+20%AR, 60%HV+40%AR, 40%HV+60%AR, and 20%HV+80%AR) and row spacings (20, 30, and 40 cm) on the forage yield and quality of the HV and AR intercropping system. The experiment was planned in a randomized complete block design, where a split-plot arrangement of mixture ratios was considered as the main plot with the row spacings considered as subplots.According to the mean of 2 years, the different mixture ratios and row spacings had a statistically significant effect on all of the properties. At the end of the research, among the different mixture ratios and row spacinginteractions, the highest green herbage yield (33.4 t ha–1), hay yield (7.5 t ha–1), lowest neutral detergent fiber (52.2%), and crude ash (7.8%) rates were obtained from the 60%HV+40%AR mixture and 30-cm row spacing interaction. The highest crude protein (CP) rate (17%), CP yield (1156 kg ha–1 ) and ADF (39.5%) ratios were obtained from the 80%HV+20%AR mixture and 30-cm row spacing interaction. The highest RFV value (107)was obtained from the 80%HV+20%AR mixture and 20-cm row spacing interaction. These results show that increasing the HV ratio in the mixture has positive effects on the yield and quality, whereas raising the row spacing has adverse effects on the forage values. Therefore, 80%HV+20%AR or 60%HV+40%AR with a 30-cm row spacing interaction can be suggested for forage production in an HV and AR intercropping system.

The current trial was conducted to study the effect of vegetative stage on the potential nutritive value, methane production and condensed tannin of Onobrychis caput-galli hay. Vegetative stage had a significant effect on the chemical composition, gas production, methane production metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Cell wall contents (neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF)) of Onobrychis caput-galli hay increased with advancing maturity whereas crude protein (CP) and ash content decreased. The CP contents of Onobrychis caput-galli hay varied between 13.06 and 17.43%. The NDF and ADF contents of Onobrychis caput-galli hay ranged from 40.47 to 54.56 and 30.70 to 40.96 % respectively. The condensed tannin content of Onobrychis caput-galli hay varied between 2.49 and 4.71 % and decreased with increasing maturity. The gas and methane production at 24 h incubation time decreased with increasing maturity of Onobrychis caput-galli hay. The gas and methane production at 24 h incubation ranged from 39.05 to 47.02 ml and 6.23 to 7.46 ml respectively. The ME and OMD of Onobrychis caput-galli ranged from 8.25 and 9.58 MJ/kg DM and 59.70 to 69.47% respectively. In conclusion, vegetative stage had a significant effect on the nutritive value of Onobrychis caput-galli hay. The nutritive value of Onobrychis caput-galli decreased with increased maturity. It can be suggested that Onobrychis caput-galli should be grazed or harvested at pre-flowering and flowering stage since these stage provides hay with high ME and CP for animals., Yürütülen bu çalışmanın amacı, vejetasyon döneminin yabani korunga otunun potansiyel besleme değerine, metan üretimine ve kondense tanen içeriğine olan etkisini araştırmaktır. Vejetasyon dönemi korunga otunun kompozisyonuna, gaz üretimine, metan üretimine, metabolik enerji ve organik madde sindirim derecesine önemli derecede etki etmiştir(P< 0.001). Vejetasyon döneminin ilerlemesiyle birlikte hücre duvarını oluşturan nötral deterjan fiber ve asit deterjan fiber gibi unsurların oranı artarken ham protein ve kül içeriği azalmıştır (P< 0.001). Yabani korunga otunun ham protein içeriği %13.06 ile 17.43 arasında değişmiştir. Yabani korunga otunun nötral deterjan fiber ve asit deterjan fiber içeriği sırasıyla %40.47 ile 54.56 ve %30.75 ile 40.96 arasında değişmiştir. Yabani korunga otunun kondense tanen içeriği ise %2.49 ile 4.71 arasında değişmiş olup, vejetasyon döneminin ilerlemesiyle birlikte azalmıştır (P< 0.001). Vejetasyon döneminin ilerlemesiyle birlikte yabani korunga otunun yirmi dört saatlik gaz ve metan üretimi azalmıştır (P< 0.001). Yirmi dört saatlik gaz ve metan üretimi sırasıyla 39.05 ile 47.02 ml ve 6.23 ile 7.46 ml arasında değişmiştir. Yabani korunga otunun metabolik enerji ve organik madde sindirim derecesi sırasıyla 8.25 ile 9.58 MJ/kg kuru madde ve %55.89 ile 65.02 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak, vejetasyon dönemi yabani korunga besleme değerini önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Besleme değeri vejetasyon döneminin ilerlemesiyle birlikte düşmüştür. Ham protein ve metabolik enerji içeriği yüksek olmasından dolayı yabani korunga otunun çiçeklenme öncesi ve çiçeklenme döneminde otlatılması veya hasat edilmesi önerilebilir.

Çalışmanın amacı yeni melez tritikale hatlarının ot verimi ve ot kalitesi yönünden varyasyonu belirlemektir. Deneme 2011-2012 ve 2012-2013 yıllarında 2 yıl süre ile tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş ve analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada 5 çeşit ve 20 hat kullanılmıştır. Bitkiler süt olum döneminde hasat edilmiştir. Araştırmada yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi, ham protein verimi, ham protein oranı, ADF, NDF ve ham kül oranı incelenmiştir. İki yıllık araştırma sonuçlarının ortalamasına göre; yeşil ot verimi 36.44-48.47 t ha-1, kuru ot verimi 12.77-18.68 t ha-1, protein verimi 1.02-1.80 t ha-1, asitte çözünmeyen lif (ADF) oranı % 32.92-44.63, nötrde çözünmeyen lif (NDF) oranı % 63.72-78.47, ham kül oranı % 5.06-7.87, ham protein oranı % 6.21-11.36, sindirilebilir kuru madde (SKM) % 54.14- 63.25, kuru madde tüketimi (KMT) 1.528-1.881 ve nispi yem değeri (NYD) 64.18-89.31 arasında değişmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; melezleme ile elde edilen yeni tritikale genotiplerinin incelenen özellikler yönünden değerleri standart çeşitlerden daha yüksek olmuştur. Yapılan melezleme sonuçlarının olumlu neticeler verdiği ve bu hatların ot verimi ve kalitesi yönünden tescil için hazırlanması gerektiği düşünülmektedir., Objectives of the present study are to determine the variations in forage yield and quality of new triticale lines developed by cross-breeding methods and to develop better lines with superior characteristics over the current ones. Experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications during the cropping years of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. A total of 5 cultivar and 20 lines were used as the plant material of the experiments. Genotypes were harvested at milk stage and their herbage yield, hay yield, crude protein yield and chemical composition were investigated. Twoyears average results revealed that herbage yields varied between 36.44-48.47 t ha-1, hay yields between 12.77-18.68 t ha-1, crude protein yields between 1.02-1.80 t ha-1, acid detergent fiber (ADF) between 32.92-44.63%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) between 63.72-78.47%, crude ash ratios between 5.06-7.87%, crude protein content between 6.21-11.36%, dry matter digestibility (DDM) between 54.14-63.25%, dry matter intake (DMI) between 1.528-1.881 and relative feed value (RFV) between 64.18-89.31. Current results revealed superior characteristics for new triticale genotypes developed with cross-breeding over the current standard lines with regard to investigated parameters. It was concluded that cross-breeding yielded positive outcomes and therefore, currently investigated high-yield and quality lines should be prepared for registration

Objective of this study was to-determine the mineral contents of common pasture forage legumes and cereals intensively grazed by livestock of Central Anatolian Region. A total of 10 forage cereals and 15 forage legumes collected at flowering periods "during June 2011 from pastures of Kayseri and analyzed. Study revealed that forage legumes had sufficient Na and Cu levels in all plants, Vicia narbonensis and Trifolium pratense had desired levels of Zn and others had higher than desired levels of Zn. Other elements were found to be at higher levels than desired levels but not reaching to harmful levels. In forage cereals, while P, Ca, Na and Cu were found to be at desired ranges, Zn was within desired ranges in Amaranthus edulis and Agropyron cristatum and higher than desired levels in other plants. The other elements were found to be higher than desired ranges but lower than toxic or harmful levels. It was concluded that pasture crops of Central Anatolia were rich in trace elements and there was no need for supplemental trace element feeding., Objective of this study was to determine the mineralcontents of common pasture forage legumes and cerealsintensively grazed by livestock of Central Anatolian Region.A total of 10 forage cereals and 15 forage legumescollected at flowering periods during June 2011 frompastures of Kayseri and analyzed. Study revealed thatforage legumes had sufficient Na and Cu levels in allplants, Vicia narbonensis and Trifolium pratense haddesired levels of Zn and others had higher than desiredlevels of Zn. Other elements were found to be at higherlevels than desired levels but not reaching to harmfullevels. In forage cereals, while P, Ca, Na and Cu werefound to be at desired ranges, Zn was within desiredranges in Amaranthus edulis and Agropyron cristatum andhigher than desired levels in other plants. The otherelements were found to be higher than desired rangesbut lower than toxic or harmful levels. It was concludedthat pasture crops of Central Anatolia were rich in traceelements and there was no need for supplemental traceelement feeding.

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