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Copyright of Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A field experiment was carried out during the autumn season in 2013 in a farm located in Alhashimiya (20 km south east of Hilla), to study the effect of salicylic acid and phosphorus spraying on yield of maize under conditions of deficit irrigation. Split-split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used, operated irrigation treatments (A0 full irrigation, A1 deficit irrigation) in panels major plots , while concentrations of phosphorus (0, 1000 and 2000 mg.L-1) panels the sub plot and concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0.5 and 1 mM ) panels the sub-sub plots. Maize grain (cv. Research 106) was seeded in 20- July/2013. The results showed that deficit irrigation led to reduce most of yield components (rows number, grain number, length and diameter of ear) significantly. Salicylic acid and phosphorous spraying led to remove or reduce this negative effect of water stress, in which P at 1000 mg.L-1 was superior in giving the highest rate of most yield components (ear length, rows number and weight of 500 grain). Salicylic acid 1 mM was superior in ear length and grain number.ear-1. The interaction between the factors had a significant effect in most of traits studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of College of Education for Pure Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study showed the protective role of the phenolic extract of Urtica dioica and silver nanoparticles (AgNPS) on the hepatotoxicity effect via carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) within white male rats. Hundred and ten male albino rats weighing (200-250g) and aged (10-17week). Animals were housed in the animal house of faculty of Science/University of Kufa under control condition; light 12 and 12 dark hours and temperature (24±2C°).Animals divided into four groups as follows the control groups, carbon tetrachloride groups, phenolic extract groups, and silver nanoparticles, groups. Subdivided groups above depending on the concentration (250 and 500mg/kg) of phenolic extract, (10 and 5mg/kg) of silver nanoparticles for (two and three) month add to dosage after and before induced by carbon tetrachloride (five animals per group).The current study revealed the occurrence of a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of regucalcin when the administered by phenolic extract and silver nanoparticles for (two and three months) compared with carbon tetrachloride group. Highly significant (p≤0.05) with the concentration of the (500mg/kg) for phenolic extract and (10mg/kg) for silver nanoparticles, and no significant observed between extract and silver nanoparticles for (two and three months) and before and after induced by the carbon tetrachloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many experiments were designed to induce and increase the production of some secondary metabolites in tissue cultures of Hypericum triquetrifoliumTurra using some biotechnological approaches. Callus was initiated on leaf discs cultured on MS medium supplemented with thidazirion (TDZ) at the concentrations 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 mgL-1 and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 0.5 mgL-1; callus was also initiated on stem explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.25 mgL-1 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mgL-1 of IAA. HPLC was used to determine the type and quantity of secondary metabolites in comparison with standards. Phytochemical accumulation in suspension cultures derived from leaf (LCs), stem (SCs) and root (RCs) were investigated. Fungal extracts of Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and commercial yeast were added to a liquid MS medium at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75 mgL-1. Data showed that the yield of p-OH-benzoic acid and chlorgenic acid in LCs treated with 0.5 mgL-1 yeast extract increased significantly compared with the control. Caffeic acid and tannic acid decreased in LCs significantly after elicitation with all biotic elicitors, but catechin accumulation in LCs increased significantly, when A. niger extract was added at all concentrations. Rutin, hypersoid and quercitin production in SCs increased significantly when treated with the fungal elicitors; A. niger, F. oxysporum and yeast extracts. Chlorgenic decreased significantly in SCs, after the addition of all biotic elicitors at different concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to differentiate and study one of the most popular medicinal plants (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) grown in the North East region of Iraq, a number of experiments were carried out to differentiate between subspecies available in Kurdistan Province at the morphological and molecular levels. A survey and morphological study was conducted on these subspecies of rosemary in Erbil and Sulaimania governorates. It was found that there are morphological differences in leaves, flowers, shoot growth directions, number of branches, leaf size and shape, accordingly two subspecies were identified and marked as class A and class B of R. officinalis in North East of Iraq. Subspecies A was characterized by a straight shoot growth, dark green leaves and whitish blue flowers while subspecies B has random growth, green leaves and white flowers. In order to investigate the genetic variation, the DNA was isolated and purified from the two subspecies, and then electrophorized using agarose gel. Chromosomal DNA appeared as a clear smear on gel for both A and B. Six types of restriction enzymes were used to digest the genomic DNA for both subspecies A and B, namely EcoRI, EcoRV, BamHI, HindIII, SalI and SmaI. Resulted genomic DNA was amplified using PCR technique for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as the target sequence, of 668 bp which includes 18S, 5.8S and 26S RNA genes separated by two ITS regions that represent the non-coding sequence of interest for subspecies identification. It is concluded that there are obvious genomic differences in the rDNA in both subspecies, according to the recognition sites availability of restriction enzymes in template DNA, as there was cleavage sites for each one of EcoRV, BamHI, HindIII and SalI in rDNA sequence of subspecies A, while no one of the six restriction enzymes cleavage sites used was present in subspecies B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow viscus injuries of the digestive tract are an uncommon occurrence in blunt abdominal trauma. We report a 39-year-old male who was hit by a vehicle as a pedestrian and admitted to the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2015. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy which revealed injuries to the distal stomach, liver and descending colon. Postoperatively, the patient was febrile, tachycardic and hypotensive. Abdominal examination revealed distention and tenderness. The next day, a repeat laparotomy identified a gastric injury which had not been diagnosed during the initial laparotomy. Although the defect was repaired, the patient subsequently died as a result of multiorgan failure. Missed gastric injuries are rare and are associated with a grave prognosis, particularly for trauma patients. Delays in diagnosis, in addition to associated injuries, contribute to a high mortality rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between two well-established delayed effects of ionizing radiation, experiments were conducted to determine the induction and expression of lethal mutations (delayed reproductive death) and chromosomal instability with respect to dose and time in a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line. Methods: HPV-G cells were γ- or α-irradiated and maintained in culture for up to 72 population doublings. At intervals, measurements were made of cloning efficiency and the cells examined for apoptosis and cytogenetic aberrations. Results: The descendants of cells surviving 1 or 3 Gy γ-irradiation, but not 0.5 Gy γ-irradiation, exhibited a reduced colony-forming efficiency. The reduction persisted at a constant rate of 15–20% clonogenic cell loss per population doubling for up to 72 population doublings. Apoptosis was demonstrated in all colonies in the 1 and 3 Gy groups at 30 and 72 population doublings post-irradiation but not in the 0.5 Gy group. A significant persistent reduction in colony-forming ability (~80%) was demonstrated in the progeny of cells irradiated with 0.5 Gy α-particles. After 30 population doublings, the proportion of chromosomally aberrant cells was significantly greater than control values for all doses of both high- and low-LET radiations. The major cytogenetic aberrations (chromatid breaks, chromosome fragments and minutes) were consistent with the transmission of chromosomal instability. The expression of instability declined between 30 and 72 population doublings in the 0.5Gy and 3 Gy gamma-irradiation groups, but persisted up to 72 population doublings in the 1 Gy group. The expression of chromosomal instability was greater in the descendants of alpha-irradiated cells and showed little evidence of reduction with time. Conclusions: Unstable aberrations characteristic of radiation-induced chromosomal instability may commonly result in apoptosis and account for a component of the delayed reproductive death/lethal mutation phenotype in HPV-G cells. However, the absence of lethal mutations in the descendants of 0.5 Gy γ-irradiated cells indicates a low-LET threshold effect for this particular endpoint. Overall, and particularly at low doses, there is no direct correlation between the two endpoints, indicating the absence of a simple relationship between these manifestations of radiation-induced genomic instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the induction and transmission, to second and third division cells, of complex chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes after exposure to high-LET alpha-particles in vitro. Materials and methods: Separated peripheral blood lymphocytes collected from four healthy donors were irradiated in vitro with either high-LET alpha-particles (121keV/mum; 0.5Gy) or low-LET X-rays (250kV constant potential; 3Gy). Cells were harvested in first, second and third division post-irradiation and chromosome aberrations observed at each cell division were analysed by combining the techniques of FISH and DAPI/Hoechst 33258 harlequin staining. Whole chromosome probes were used for chromosomes 1, 2 and 5, together with a pan-centromeric probe and the resulting chromosome 'painting' patterns were classified according to the Savage and Simpson (S & S) scheme (Savage and Simpson 1994a, Savage and Tucker 1996). Results: A greater proportion of complex chromosome aberrations was observed, defined as involving three or more breaks in two or more chromosomes, relative to total exchanges, after exposure to 0.5Gy alpha-particles (mean 1 track/cell) than after the high reference dose of 3Gy X-rays (49-56% and 20-22%, respectively). Qualitatively, alpha-particles induced chromosome aberrations of far greater complexity than those observed after X-rays. This was reflected by both the rapid reduction in the percentage of damaged cells between first and second division indicative of cell death, and the spectrum of aberration types observed in second and third division cells post-irradiation. Regardless of this complexity, 15% of the complexes induced by alpha-particles at first division were potentially transmissible and by third division, transmissible-type complexes, specifically insertions, represented the predominant complex type (65%). Conclusion: Transmissible-type complexes were observed, specifically insertions, in both second and third division cells after exposure to high-LET alpha-particles (0.5Gy) in vitro. The authors predict these cells to be stable and to be capable of persisting through many cell generations. Considering that the induction of complex chromosome aberrations by low-LET radiation is strongly dependent on dose, so that they are expected to be undetectable at environmental exposures, insertions are much more likely to be a characteristic feature of high-LET radiation at all doses. From this the usefulness of insertions as biomarkers of past exposure to environmentally relevant doses of high-LET alpha-particles is supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine whether chromosomal instability is induced in human diploid fibroblasts by ionizing radiation and to investigate the effects of radiation quality by comparing X-rays, neutrons and alpha -particles. Materials and methods: Cells from two human diploid fibroblast lines, HF12 and HF19, were irradiated and analysed cytogenetically at 3, 20 and 35 population doublings post-irradiation. Results: Exposure of HF19 cells to neutrons and alpha -particles resulted in a consistently increased frequency of unstable aberrations, particularly chromatid-type aberrations, compared to control cultures. Aberration frequency after X-irradiation was not significantly greater than controls at 20 population doublings but was significantly increased after 35 population doublings, although not to the same level as that following neutron or alpha irradiation. No chromosomal instability was demonstrated in the progeny of HF12 cells after X-, neutron or alpha -particle irradiation. Conclusions: The data are consistent with the progeny of irradiated HF19 cells expressing chromosomal instability. All three radiations are effective in inducing instability, but the expression of the phenotype is influenced by radiation quality. The absence of radiation-induced chromosomal instability in HF12 cells may reflect the influence of genetic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpha-particle-induced chromosomal instability in haemopoietic cells obtained from the CBA/H, DBA/2 and C57BL/6 inbred strains of mouse has been demonstrated at frequencies dependent on genotype. The CBA/H and DBA/2 strains may be regarded as 'sensitive' and the C57BL/6 strain as 'resistant'; resistance was dominant in cells from F1 hybrids. Previously, in cultures where we demonstrated radiation-induced chromosomal instability we also demonstrated an enhanced and persisting oxyradical activity. Quantitative differences in superoxide generation have now been correlated with genetically determined differences in the expression of chromosomal instability. Our findings demonstrate an important influence of genetic factors in alpha -particle-induced chromosomal instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]