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Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a Doublecortin family kinase involved in a range of brain development processes including cell migration, axon/dendrite growth, and synapse development. The Dclk1 gene potentially generates multiple splicing isoforms, but the detailed expression patterns in the brain as well as in vivo functions of each isoform are still incompletely understood. Here we assessed expression patterns of DCLK1 isoforms using multiple platforms including in silico, in situ, and in vitro datasets in the developing mouse brain, and show quantitative evidence that among the four DCLK1 isoforms, DCLK1-L and DCL are mainly expressed in the embryonic cortex whereas DCLK1-L and CPG16 become dominant compared to DCL and CARP in the postnatal cortex. We also provide compelling evidence that DCLK1 isoforms are distributed in the partially distinct brain regions in the embryonic and the postnatal stages. We further show that overexpression of DCLK1-L, but not the other isoforms, in neural progenitors causes severe migration defects in the cortex, and that the migration defects are dependent on the kinase activity of DCLK1-L. Our data thus uncover partially segregated localization of DCLK1 isoforms in the developing mouse brain and suggest different roles for distinct DCLK1 isoforms in the brain development and function.

Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) combine statistics and evolutionary models to infer the dynamics of trait evolution and diversification that underlie the observed phylogeny. While PCMs have been used to study macro-evolutionary processes and evolutionary transitions of macroorganisms, their application to microbes is still limited. With the abundance of publicly available genomic and trait character data for diverse microbes nowadays, applications of PCMs on these data can provide insights into the fundamental principles that govern microbial evolution. Here, we introduce the Binary-State Speciation and Extinction (BiSSE) model, which is a relatively simple yet powerful approach for analyzing trait evolution. We begin by explaining the theoretical background and intuition behind the BiSSE model. Then, R commands for running the BiSSE model are presented. Finally, we introduce a case study that successfully applied the BiSSE model to investigate generalist and specialist microbial lifestyle evolution.

The aim of this study was to assess changes in the quality of life and psychological distress of patients with tongue cancer undergoing total/subtotal glossectomy (TG) or extended hemiglossectomy (HG) and free flap transfer. Differences between the two groups were compared using the Short Form 8-Item Health Survey (SF-8) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Of the 43 patients with tongue cancer, 24 (56%) underwent TG and 19 (44%) underwent HG. The general health and social functioning scores in the SF-8 and depression in the HADS were significantly worse in the TG group than in the HG group at 12 months after surgery, indicating that patients in the TG group may experience social isolation and psychological distress, and have difficulty in employability even 12 months after surgery. In contrast, all items of the SF-8 in the HG group were nearly equal to those in the general population. Due to the extensive psychological impact on patients with tongue cancer who are planned for an extended resection, curative surgery with free flap transfer and multidisciplinary psychiatric support are essential to improve quality of life and manage psychological distress.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector is a critical tool for gene delivery through its durable transgene expression and safety profile. Among many serotypes, AAV2-retro is typically utilized for dissecting neural circuits with its retrograde functionality. However, this vector requires a relatively long-term incubation period (over 2 weeks) to obtain enough gene expression levels presumably due to low efficiency in gene transduction. Here, we aimed to enhance transgene expression efficiency of AAV2-retro vectors by substituting multiple tyrosine residues with phenylalanines (YF mutations) in the virus capsid, which is previously reported to improve the transduction efficiency of AAV2-infected cells by evading host cell responses. We found that AAV2-retro with YF mutations (AAV2-retroYF)-mediated transgene expression was significantly enhanced in the primary culture of murine cortical neurons at 1 week after application, comparable to that of the conventional AAV2-retro at 2 week after application. Moreover, transgene expressions in the retrogradely labeled neurons mediated by AAV2-retroYF were significantly increased both in the cortico-cortical circuits and in the subcortical circuits in vivo, while the retrograde functionality of AAV2-retroYF was equally effective as that of AAV2-retro. Our data indicate that YF mutations boost AAV2-retro-mediated retrograde gene transduction in vivo and suggest that the AAV2-retroYF should be useful for efficient targeting of the projection-defined neurons, which is suited to applications for dissecting neural circuits during development as well as future clinical applications.

The work proposes a new family of survival models called the Odd log-logistic generalized Neyman type A long-term. We consider different activation schemes in which the number of factors M has the Neyman type A distribution and the time of occurrence of an event follows the odd log-logistic generalized family. The parameters are estimated by the classical and Bayesian methods. We investigate the mean estimates, biases, and root mean square errors in different activation schemes using Monte Carlo simulations. The residual analysis via the frequentist approach is used to verify the model assumptions. We illustrate the applicability of the proposed model for patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. The choice of the adenocarcinoma data is because the disease is responsible for most cases of stomach tumors. The estimated cured proportion of patients under chemoradiotherapy is higher compared to patients undergoing only surgery. The estimated hazard function for the chemoradiotherapy level tends to decrease when the time increases. More information about the data is addressed in the application section.

Mitochondria play key roles in the differentiation and maturation of human cardiomyocytes (CMs). As human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) hold potential in the treatment of heart diseases, we sought to identify key mitochondrial pathways and regulators, which may provide targets for improving cardiac differentiation and maturation. Proteomic analysis was performed on enriched mitochondrial protein extracts isolated from hiPSC-CMs differentiated from dermal fibroblasts (dFCM) and cardiac fibroblasts (cFCM) at time points between 12 and 115 days of differentiation, and from adult and neonatal mouse hearts. Mitochondrial proteins with a twofold change at time points up to 120 days relative to 12 days were subjected to ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). The highest upregulation was in metabolic pathways for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation. The top upstream regulators predicted to be activated were peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC1-α), the insulin receptor (IR), and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb1) transcriptional repressor. IPA and immunoblotting showed upregulation of the mitochondrial LonP1 protease—a regulator of mitochondrial proteostasis, energetics, and metabolism. LonP1 knockdown increased FAO in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (nRVMs). Our results support the notion that LonP1 upregulation negatively regulates FAO in cardiomyocytes to calibrate the flux between glucose and fatty acid oxidation. We discuss potential mechanisms by which IR, Rb1, and LonP1 regulate the metabolic shift from glycolysis to OXPHOS and FAO. These newly identified factors and pathways may help in optimizing the maturation of iPSC-CMs.

Measurements of the cross sections are conducted for coherent photoproduction of the neutral pion and eta meson on the d, gamma deutron to pi0 eta deutron, at the incident energy in the range of the reaction threshold to 1.15 GeV. A rapidly increasing trend below 1 GeV is observed in the total cross section. The data are effectively reproduced by theoretical calculations incorporating the meson-deutron final-state interactions. However, the measured deutron angular distribution d sigma/d Omegad in the center-of-mass frame (gamma d) is rather flat, and it differs significantly from the strong backward-peaking behavior expected in the kinematics of d formation after pi0 eta photoproduction on an initial bound nucleon. In addition, the d sigma/dMeta d differential cross section exhibits a prominent enhancement near the eta d threshold, while d sigma/dMpi d exhibits an enhancement near the known pi d resonance with I=1 and JP=2+. From these observations, we have concluded that two reaction sequences occur; gamma d to pi0 D01 to pi0 eta d and eta D12 to pi0 eta d, where DIJ denotes a state with a baryon number of 2, an isospin of I, and a spin of J. The enhancement corresponding to D01 is expected to be a theoretically predicted eta NN bound state with I=0 and JP=1- or a virtual state of eta d. It is found that attraction between eta d is certainly very strong.

In this paper we propose a new bivariate long-term distribu- tion based on the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula model. The proposed model allows for the presence of censored data and covariates in the cure parameter. For inferential purpose a Bayesian approach via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is considered. Further, some discussions on the model selection criteria are given. In order to examine outlying and inuential ob- servations, we develop a Bayesian case deletion inuence diagnostics based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The newly developed procedures are illustrated on articial and real HIV data.

In any sport competition, there is a strong interest in knowing which team shall be the champion at the end of the championship. Besides this, the end result of a match, the chance of a team to be qualified for a specific tournament, the chance of being relegated, the best attack, the best defense, among others, are also subject of interest. In this paper we present a simple method with good predictive quality, easy implementation, low computational effort, which allows the calculation of all the interesting quantities above. Following Lee (1997), we estimate the average goals scored by each team by assuming that the number of goals scored by a team in a match follows a univariate Poisson distribution but we consider linear models that express the sum and the difference of goals scored in terms of five covariates: the goal average in a match, the home-team advantage, the team's offensive power, the opponent team's defensive power and a crisis indicator. The methodology is applied to the 2008-2009 English Premier League.

We present a number of approaches, currently in experimental development in our research groups, toward the general problem of macroscopic quantum mechanics, i.e., manifestations of quantum noise and quantum fluctations with macroscopic (engineered and microfabricated by man) mechanical systems. Discussed experiments include a pendulum, a torsion pendulum, a ng-scale phononic-crystal silicon nitride membrane, a [Formula: see text] g-scale quartz resonator, and mg-scale mirrors for optical levitation. We also discuss relevant applications to quantum thermometry with optomechanical systems and the use of squeezed light to probe displacements beyond conventional quantum limits.

The primary cilium is a central signaling component during embryonic development. Here we focus on CROCCP2, a hominid-specific gene duplicate from ciliary rootlet coiled coil (CROCC), also known as rootletin, that encodes the major component of the ciliary rootlet. We find that CROCCP2 is highly expressed in the human fetal brain and not in other primate species. CROCCP2 gain of function in the mouse embryonic cortex and human cortical cells and organoids results in decreased ciliogenesis and increased cortical progenitor amplification, particularly basal progenitors. CROCCP2 decreases ciliary dynamics by inhibition of the IFT20 ciliary trafficking protein, which then impacts neurogenesis through increased mTOR signaling. Loss of function of CROCCP2 in human cortical cells and organoids leads to increased ciliogenesis, decreased mTOR signaling, and impaired basal progenitor amplification. These data identify CROCCP2 as a human-specific modifier of cortical neurogenesis that acts through modulation of ciliary dynamics and mTOR signaling. ispartof: NEURON vol:111 issue:1 pages:65-+ ispartof: location:United States status: published

Resume L’histoire du phenomene des Hikikomori au Japon se comprend mieux en examinant les liens avec d’autres descriptions cliniques comme le « taijin-kyofu » (litteralement phobie de la situation interpersonnelle) ou le syndrome d'apathie des etudiants. Bien qu’elle soit parfois delicate, la distinction entre Hikikomori « primaire » et « secondaire » est importante car elle implique des propositions de soins differentes. Le traitement des Hikikomori est toujours tres difficile. Au Japon, le travail de soutien aux familles et par les pairs joue un role essentiel. Une meilleure connaissance du phenomene a abouti a la creation de Centres Locaux de Soutien pouvant recevoir les sujets Hikikomori ainsi que leurs parents, et parfois proposer des visites a domicile. Des organisations privees se sont aussi developpees, avec des propositions d’activites propres a chaque centre (ex : aide scolaire, soutien professionnel, activites de benevolat). Une unite de consultation dediee aux Hikikomori se met actuellement en place a titre experimental dans la region de Nagoya. Cette unite permettra de proposer un acces aux soins et des interventions therapeutiques specifiques (en moyenne 3 consultations familiales et 5 visites a domicile) en l’absence de diagnostic categoriel pose, permettant ainsi de pallier les difficultes de prises en charge lies au systeme de soin japonais.

We have measured the 3d→2p transition x rays of kaonic ^{3}He and ^{4}He atoms using superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters with an energy resolution better than 6 eV (FWHM). We determined the energies to be 6224.5±0.4(stat)±0.2(syst) eV and 6463.7±0.3(stat)±0.1(syst) eV, and widths to be 2.5±1.0(stat)±0.4(syst) eV and 1.0±0.6(stat)±0.3(stat) eV, for kaonic ^{3}He and ^{4}He, respectively. These values are nearly 10 times more precise than in previous measurements. Our results exclude the large strong-interaction shifts and widths that are suggested by a coupled-channel approach and agree with calculations based on optical-potential models.

Coherent photoproduction of the neutral pion and eta meson on the deuteron, $\gamma{d}${$\to$}$\pi^0\eta{d}$, has been experimentally studied at incident photon energies ranging from the reaction threshold to 1.15 GeV. The total cross section demonstrates a rapid rise below 1 GeV. The data are underestimated by the existing theoretical calculations based on quasi-free $\pi^0 \eta$ photoproduction on the nucleon followed by deuteron coalescence. At the same time, the data are rather well reproduced by the calculations taking into account the final-state interaction. We have also measured for the first time the differential cross sections: the $\pi^0 \eta$ invariant-mass distribution $d\sigma/dM_{\pi \eta}$, the $\pi^0 d$ invariant-mass distribution $d\sigma/dM_{\pi d}$, the $\eta d$ invariant-mass distribution $d\sigma/dM_{\eta d}$, and the distribution over the deuteron emission angle $d\sigma/d\Omega_d$ in the overall center-of-mass frame. The measured cross section $d\sigma/d\Omega_d$ does not exhibit strongly backward-peaking behavior predicted by the calculations. At all incident energies, an increase in $d\sigma/dM_{\eta d}$ near the $\eta d$ threshold is observed, which indicates a bound or virtual $\eta d$ state resulting from a strong attraction between $\eta$ and a deuteron. The possibilities of using coherent $\pi^0\eta$ photoproduction on a nucleus to study the $\eta$-nuclear interaction are also discussed., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures

PANDA (anti-proton annihiliation at Darmstadt) is planned to be one of the four main experiments at the future international accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt, Germany. It is going to address fundamental questions of hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics using cooled antiproton beams with a high intensity and and momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c. PANDA is designed to reach a maximum luminosity of 2 × 1032 cm−2 s. Most of the physics programs require an excellent particle identification (PID). The PID of hadronic states at the forward endcap of the target spectrometer will be done by a fast and compact Cherenkov detector that uses the detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) principle. It is designed to cover the polar angle range from 5° to 22° and to provide a separation power for the separation of charged pions and kaons up to 3 standard deviations (s.d.) for particle momenta up to 4 GeV/c in order to cover the important particle phase space. This document describes the technical design and the expected performance of the novel PANDA disc DIRC detector that has not been used in any other high energy physics experiment before. The performance has been studied with Monte-Carlo simulations and various beam tests at DESY and CERN. The final design meets all PANDA requirements and guarantees sufficient safety margins.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:39:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-11 Frailty models are generally used to model heterogeneity and dependence between individuals. The distribution of the frailty variable is often assumed to be continuous. However, there are situations where a discretely-distributed frailty may be appropriate. On the other hand, when a cure rate is present in survival data, these continuous distributions may not be appropriate since individuals with long-term survival times encompass zero frailty. Having zero frailty can be interpreted as being immune or cured (long-term survivors). In this paper, we propose a new multivariate survival model induced by frailty for multivariate lifetime data in the presence of surviving fractions and examine some of its properties. The inferential approach exploits the Bayesian methods. We provide some simulation results to assess the performance of the proposed model. Furthermore, we illustrate the performance of the proposed model by means of a real data set. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ave Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Engn Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Engn Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil

By performing $N$-body simulations, we investigated fundamental processes of collisions between dust aggregates composed of submicron-sized icy dust monomers. We examined the mass distribution of fragments in the collisional outcomes in a wide range of the mass ratio and the collision velocity between colliding dust aggregates. We derived analytic expressions of the mass distribution of large remnants and small fragments by numerical fitting to the simulation results. Our analytic formulae for masses of the large remnants can reproduce the contribution of mass transfer from a large target to a small projectile, which occurs for a mass ratio of $\gtrsim 3$ and is shown in a previous study (Hasegawa et al. 2021). We found that the power-law index of the cumulative mass distribution of the small fragments is independent of the mass ratio and only weakly dependent on the collision velocity. On the other hand, the mass fraction of fragments of individual dust monomers decreases with an increasing total mass of colliding aggregates for a fixed mass ratio. This tendency implies that multiple hierarchical disruptive collisions (i.e., collisions between fragments, collisions between fragments of fragments) are required for producing a large amount of individual dust monomers via collisional fragmentation. Our fragment model suggests that the total geometric cross section integrated over the fragments is estimated to be about the same order of the geometric cross section of the target., Comment: 30 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

We present the development of neutron-tagging techniques in Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis. The detection efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%, with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration agrees with this value within 10%. The tagging procedure was performed on 3,244.4 days of SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data, identifying 18,091 neutrons in 26,473 neutrino events. The fitted neutron capture lifetime was measured as 218±9 μs. We present the development of neutron-tagging techniques in Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis. The detection efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%, with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration agrees with this value within 10%. The tagging procedure was performed on 3,244.4 days of SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data, identifying 18,091 neutrons in 26,473 neutrino events. The fitted neutron capture lifetime was measured as 218 \pm 9 \mu s.

We investigate the role of latitudinal differential rotation (DR) in the spin evolution of solar-type stars. Recent asteroseismic observation detected the strong equator-fast DR in some solar-type stars. Numerical simulations show that the strong equator-fast DR is a typical feature of young fast-rotating stars and that this tendency is gradually reduced with stellar age. Incorporating these properties, we develop a model for the long-term evolution of stellar rotation. The magnetic braking is assumed to be regulated dominantly by the rotation rate in the low-latitude region. Therefore, in our model, stars with the equator-fast DR spin down more efficiently than those with the rigid-body rotation. We calculate the evolution of stellar rotation in ranges of stellar mass, $0.9 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot} \le M \le 1.2\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$, and metallicity, $0.5\, \mathrm{Z}_{\odot} \le Z \le 2\, \mathrm{Z}_{\odot}$, where $\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ and $\mathrm{Z}_{\odot}$ are the solar mass and metallicity, respectively. Our model, using the observed torque in the present solar wind, nicely explains both the current solar rotation and the average trend of the rotation of solar-type stars, including the dependence on metallicity. In addition, our model naturally reproduces the observed trend of the weakened magnetic braking in old slowly rotating solar-type stars because strong equator-fast DR becomes reduced. Our results indicate that LDR and its transition are essential factors that control the stellar spin down., Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures, 3 table, accepted to MNRAS

Ceramics such as Li2ZrO3 and Li4SiO4 have interesting features of water vapor and carbon dioxide absorption. However, the mechanism of absorption catalysis is not well understood. The element behavior in ceramics was measured using ion beam analysis. To measure the hydrogen and other light element quantities and distribution in ceramics, in-air and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analyses were performed. Hydrogen quantity was compared with PET film by the in-air analysis. Carbon was observed in ceramics by the time-of-flight analysis, and lithium and oxygen distributions on the surface kept in air were compared with those of ceramics stored in a vacuum.

Background Over 30% of the population of Okinawa Prefecture have a high body mass index. The incidence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia has also increased in recent years. We found that Ooitabi (Ficus pumila L.), a plant native to Okinawa, was useful for hypertension. During ancient times, the extracts of Ooitabi leaves were used for making Ishimaki tea in some areas of Okinawa Prefecture. The plants in Okinawa are rich in antioxidants, and four flavonoid glycosides, including rutin, have been identified in Ooitabi. Methods In the present study, we conducted clinical verification tests on the effects of drinking Ishimaki tea on outpatients with hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Of 3814 Japanese patients who underwent medical check‐ups in Okinawa, 38 individuals with high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, liver dysfunction and gout visited our hospital as outpatients and were asked to drink Ishimaki tea. Results After 3 months, there were significant reductions in body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, γ‐glutamyltrans peptidase, uric acid and ratio of blood vessel insulin resistance. Conclusions Ooitabi extract can lower blood pressure and improve lipid abnormalities and has likely contributed to the well‐known health and longevity of the population in Okinawa., Shisa is Okinawan lion (or lion dog) statue placed as talisman against evil at entrances, on roofs and on stone walls. Shisa holds Ooitabi leaves in its mouth (Fig. 2a).

High-performance computing resources allow us to conduct numerical simulations with a horizontal grid spacing that is sufficiently high to resolve cloud systems on a global scale, and high-resolution models (HRMs) generally provide better simulation performance than low-resolution models (LRMs). In this study, we execute a next-generation model that is capable of simulating global aerosols using version 16 of the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM.16). The simulated aerosol distributions are obtained for 3 years with an HRM using a global 14 km grid spacing, an unprecedentedly high horizontal resolution and long integration period. For comparison, a NICAM with a 56 km grid spacing is also run as an LRM, although this horizontal resolution is still high among current global aerosol climate models. The comparison elucidated that the differences in the various variables of meteorological fields, including the wind speed, precipitation, clouds, radiation fluxes and total aerosols, are generally within 10 % of their annual averages, but most of the variables related to aerosols simulated by the HRM are slightly closer to the observations than are those simulated by the LRM. Upon investigating the aerosol components, the differences in the water-insoluble black carbon and sulfate concentrations between the HRM and LRM are large (up to 32 %), even in the annual averages. This finding is attributed to the differences in the aerosol wet deposition flux, which is determined by the conversion rate of cloud to precipitation, and the difference between the HRM and LRM is approximately 20 %. Additionally, the differences in the simulated aerosol concentrations at polluted sites during polluted months between the HRM and LRM are estimated with normalized mean biases of −19 % for black carbon (BC), −5 % for sulfate and −3 % for the aerosol optical thickness (AOT). These findings indicate that the impacts of higher horizontal grid spacings on model performance for secondary products such as sulfate, and complex products such as the AOT, are weaker than those for primary products, such as BC. On a global scale, the subgrid variabilities in the simulated AOT and cloud optical thickness (COT) in the 1∘×1∘ domain using 6-hourly data are estimated to be 28.5 % and 80.0 %, respectively, in the HRM, whereas the corresponding differences are 16.6 % and 22.9 % in the LRM. Over the Arctic, both the HRM and the LRM generally reproduce the observed aerosols, but the largest difference in the surface BC mass concentrations between the HRM and LRM reaches 30 % in spring (the HRM-simulated results are closer to the observations). The vertical distributions of the HRM- and LRM-simulated aerosols are generally close to the measurements, but the differences between the HRM and LRM results are large above a height of approximately 3 km, mainly due to differences in the wet deposition of aerosols. The global annual averages of the effective radiative forcings due to aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions (ERFari and ERFaci) attributed to anthropogenic aerosols in the HRM are estimated to be -0.293±0.001 and -0.919±0.004 W m−2, respectively, whereas those in the LRM are -0.239±0.002 and -1.101±0.013 W m−2. The differences in the ERFari between the HRM and LRM are primarily caused by those in the aerosol burden, whereas the differences in the ERFaci are primarily caused by those in the cloud expression and performance, which are attributed to the grid spacing. The analysis of interannual variability revealed that the difference in reproducibility of both sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols at different horizontal resolution is greater than their interannual variability over 3 years, but those of dust and sea salt AOT and possibly clouds were the opposite. Because at least 10 times the computer resources are required for the HRM (14 km grid) compared to the LRM (56 km grid), these findings in this study help modelers decide whether the objectives can be achieved using such higher resolution or not under the limitation of available computational resources.

Nowadays, digitizing roadside objects, for instance traffic signs, is a necessary step for generating High Definition Maps (HD Map) which remains as an open challenge. Rapid development of deep learning technology using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) has achieved great success in computer vision field in recent years. However, performance of most deep learning algorithms highly depends on the quality of training data. Collecting the desired training dataset is a difficult task, especially for roadside objects due to their imbalanced numbers along roadside. Although, training the neural network using synthetic data have been proposed. The distribution gap between synthetic and real data still exists and could aggravate the performance. We propose to transfer the style between synthetic and real data using Multi-Task Generative Adversarial Networks (SYN-MTGAN) before training the neural network which conducts the detection of roadside objects. Experiments focusing on traffic signs show that our proposed method can reach mAP of 0.77 and is able to improve detection performance for objects whose training samples are difficult to collect.

In this paper is presented the zero-modified poisson difference and present possible applications of them in the analysis of paired count data. The estimation and inferences of the model parameters were made considering a Bayesian approach using the algorithm of Hamiltonian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to simulate samples of the joint posterior distribution of interest. Two applications were made for the analysis of paired count data.

Mn-based alloys exhibit unique properties in the spintronics materials possessing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) beyond the Fe and Co-based alloys. It is desired to figure out the quantum physics of PMA inherent to Mn-based alloys, which have never been reported. Here, the origin of PMA in ferrimagnetic Mn$_{3-{\delta}}$Ga ordered alloys is investigated to resolve antiparallel-coupled Mn sites using x-ray magnetic circular and linear dichroism (XMCD/XMLD) and a first-principles calculation. We found that the contribution of orbital magnetic moments in PMA is small from XMCD and that the finite quadrupole-like orbital distortion through spin-flipped electron hopping is dominant from XMLD and theoretical calculations. These findings suggest that the spin-flipped orbital quadrupole formations originate from the PMA in Mn$_{3-{\delta}}$Ga and bring the paradigm shift in the researches of PMA materials using x-ray magnetic spectroscopies., Comment: 20 pages including 4 figures

Catalytic asymmetric iodoesterification of simple alkenes was achieved using a dinuclear zinc-3,3'-(R,S,S)-bis(aminoimino)binaphthoxide (di-Zn) complex. For iodoesterification using p-methoxybenzoic acid, the N-iodonaphthalenimide (NIN)-I2 system was effective for producing iodoesters in a highly enantioselective manner. The synthetic utility of chiral iodo-p-methoxybenzoates was also demonstrated. The quartet of metal ionic bond, hydrogen bond, halogen bond, and π-π stacking is harmonized on the single reaction sphere of di-Zn catalyst for enabling the highly enantioselective catalytic asymmetric iodoesterification of simple alkenes for the first time.

The multinomial logistic regression model (MLRM) can be interpreted as a natural extension of the binomial model with logit link function to situations where the response variable can have three or more possible outcomes. In addition, when the categories of the response variable are nominal, the MLRM can be expressed in terms of two or more logistic models and analyzed in both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. However, few discussions about post modeling in categorical data models are found in the literature, and they mainly use Bayesian inference. The objective of this work is to present classic and Bayesian diagnostic measures for categorical data models. These measures are applied to a dataset (status) of patients undergoing kidney transplantation.