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To evaluate the accuracy in diagnosing breast lesions by frozen sections, 657 consecutive diagnostic biopsies seen during 1982 were reviewed. Of 559 lesions considered benign at frozen sections, 558 were also benign in paraffin sections, the remaining one being a papillary carcinoma (i.e. 1/559 or 0.2% false negative). All 78 cases diagnosed as malignant in frozen sections were also malignant in paraffin sections (i.e. 0% false positive). Of the 20 doubtful cases, in frozen sections, 15 showed a papillary lesions; 7 of them were malignant in paraffin sections and the rest 13 benign. It is concluded that the frozen sections are usefull in the diagnoses of mammary disorders except for those cases with papillary tumors.

The effect of reaction time on the minimum yield of the axial and planar blockings is studied by use of the 27Al(p,α)24Mg resonance reactions at various energies. The result shows that the minimum yield of the axial blocking and mean square recoil distance have a linear relation.

Between 1972 and 1981, 4 women with breast sarcoma underwent treatment at our department; they accounted for 1.1% (4 of 355) of all female breast malignancies. There was one case of malignant lymphoma and liposarcoma each, and 2 cases of malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes. The patients averaged 31.0 years of age. Of the two cases of cystosarcoma phyllodes, one had coexisting lobular carcinoma in situ arising in a fibroadenoma of the contralateral breast, the other had a coexisting lung cancer. Mastectomy was performed in 3 cases, irradiation in one (malignant lymphoma). All patients received concurrent chemotherapy. The regional lymph nodes were not involved, and 2 patients are alive and well without recurrence.

The blocking effect of electrons with high energy is observed by using the convergent-beam technique of electron diffraction and the electron microscopic images. The spot- and ring-like peaks inside the blocking dip are observed and are explained by the dynamical and classical theories.

A 63-year-old man who had been aware for 5 years of a tumor near his left nipple was admitted complaining of rapid tumor enlargement. He received standard mastectomy under the diagnosis of breast sarcoma. The regional lymph nodes were not involved and the excised tumor was 12.0 cm in diameter it showed a grayish-white cut surface and a sharp border. Histologically we made a diagnosis of stromal sarcoma of the breast showing diffuse proliferation of spindle shaped cells with high cellularity, moderate atypia and scattered mitosis. Postoperatively, he underwent chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide. Two years and five months after the operation, he is alive and well without any sign of recurrence.

The relationship of hormone receptor and postoperative prognosis was investigated in 166 patients with breast cancer who underwent curative operation and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The endocrine therapy was performed only for the patients with recurrent disease. The content of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) were measured by binding assay using gel-filtration method. ER-positive cases accounted for 56% of 166 patients and PgR-positive ones for 36% of 124. The relapse free interval was not different between the ER-positive group and ER-negative one, but the survival curve after relapse was significantly different between the both groups. There was no significant difference in the relapse free interval and the survival curve after relapse between PgR-positive group and PgR-negative one. These results suggest that the ER is a good predictor as to the response to endocrine therapy given for recurrent disease, but not as to early recurrence.

A patient with stage IV advanced breast cancer with multiple metastasis (bones of the whole body, lungs) were treated by ovariectomy, administration of an non-steroidal antiestrogen (tamoxifen) and mild chemotherapeutic drugs, with favorable results. After four years, however, the patient had a relapse of the cancer. A steroidal antiestrogen (epitiostanol) was then administered with satisfactory results. When a breast cancer relapse occurs in patients once treated successfully with endocrinotherapy, a different form of endocrinotherapy should be tried. There is a possibility that the mechanism of action of Epitiostanol, which is regarded as a steroidal antiestrogen, is different from that of tamoxifen in which an estrogen receptor (ER) system is included.

Cefoperazone (CPZ) at dose levels of 80 approximately 100 mg/kg/day, divided 3 approximately 4 times, was drip-infused or intravenously injected for a period of 2 approximately 6 days to 10 patients. All 10 cases, 4 cases of bronchopneumonia from which H. influenzae was detected (Group A S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae were also detected in each 1 case). 2 cases of coli urinary tract infection, 1 case of acute colitis from which pathogenic E. coli was detected, 1 case of E. coli carrier, 1 case of acute bronchitis (bacteria were not detected), and 1 case of urinary tract infection (bacteria were not detected) showed rapid improvement of clinical symptoms with rapid eradication of the pathogenic bacteria. In one case of urinary tract infection where S. epidermidis and S. faecalis were simultaneously detected, S. epidermidis was removed but S. faecalis was merely decreased. The effective antibacterial concentration after intravenous injection of CPZ in the feces was determined and found to be present in sufficient concentrations to prevent colon infection. No particular side effects were observed during CPZ therapy.

Charge-state dependence for low energy projectile autoionizing transitions from 2 MeV/u Sq+ (q = 6, 11 to 13) ions on He and C-foil targets was measured using a zero-degree electron spectrometer. A series of autoionization electrons produced by the Coster-Kronig transitions of 1s22p(2P3/2)9l-1s22sl' are identified in the electron energy range up to 2.5 eV for the S12+ + He collision. No characteristic lines are observed in the electron energy spectra following the S13+ ion beam excitation with He. This indicates that electron excitation and capture processes that could produce the Li- and Be-like initial configurations resulting in autoionizing Coster-Kronig transitions do not occur during collisions between S13+ ions and a He target at this collision energy. It is suggested that the electron spectra for the S11+ projectiles show a series of autoionizing Coster-Kronig transitions of 1s22p27l-1s22s2pl', 1s22p29l-1s22s2pl' and 1s22s2p9l-1s22s2l' for S11+ ions, in addition to 1s22p(2P3/2)9l-1s22sl' transitions for S12+ ions.

We have recently succeeded in decelerating and confining millions of antiprotons, 50 times more efficiently than conventional methods, in an electromagnetic trap. These antiprotons were cooled by preloaded electron plasma to an energy below an electronvolt. They were then extracted out of the magnetic field of 2.5 T and transported typically at 250 eV along a beamline, designed for efficient transport at 10–1000 eV. This unique beam from our apparatus named MUSASHI opens up a new field of atomic and nuclear physics probed by ultra‐slow antiprotons.In this paper, the whole experimental setup and procedure will be overviewed: deceleration, capture, cooling and extraction of antiprotons will be discussed in detail, including technical description of diagnostic devices.

Coster-Kronig electrons from the autoionizing Rydberg states of 2 MeV/u silicon projectiles excited through a thin carbon foil were observed at zero degrees. The most prominent lines came from Si10+ 1s22p(2P°1/2) nl-1s22sl' and 1s22p(2P°3/2) nl-1s22sl' transitions, with n ranging from 9 to ~20. Other peaks and shoulders in the spectra were examined.

We have developed a parallel beam suitable for channeling experiments with relativistic heavy ions at HIMAC (Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba). To observe channeling phenomena, we used a silicon surface barrier detector (SSD) as a sample crystal and as a detector for the energy loss in itself. Further, we measured the angular spread of the beam transmitted through the SSD by a position sensitive detector (PSD) placed downstream of the SSD. Under axial and (111), (220) and (004) planar channeling conditions, we observed that the energy loss of the channeled ions in the SSD became almost a half and their angular spread was also reduced.

In 64-MeV S 5+ + He and 90-MeV Sc 8+ + He collisions, the light target atom He was used to excite or ionize selectively the L shell of the sulfur and scandium projectiles. The subsequent L-shell Auger emission from Na-like S 5+ and Mg-like Sc 9+ was measured with high resolution using zero-degree Auger spectroscopy. For 64-MeV S 5+ + He collisions, the spectra are dominated by the line groups attributed to the configurations 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 3snl forn > 3. For 90-MeV Sc 8+ + He collisions, the spectra are dominated by the three peak groups that are attributed to the transitions from 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 3s 2 3p to 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s, 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3p, and 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3d. It was found that the last Auger transition for Sc 9+ involves three electrons via electron correlation and this result was compared with the previous results for the isoelectronic ions of Al + and Ar 6+ .

Zero-degree electron spectra were measured with high resolution for 2 MeV/uSiq+ andSiq+ ions on a C-foil target. The most prominent lines were attributed as Si10+1s22p(2P1/2)nl-1s22sel′ and1s2p(2P3/2)nl-1s22sel′ transitions forSiq+ + C collisions, where then appears from 9 to 20. ForSq+ + C collisions, it was also found that the prominent lines came from S12+1s22P(2P1/2)nl = 1s22sel′ (n=10–20) and1s22p(2P3/2)nl−11s22sel′ (n = 9–20) transitions. The angular momentum (l) distributions of S12+ ions in the auto-inonizing states ofn = 9 were measured and evidence of highl enhancement was found in the C-foil target. The high Rydberg Coster-Kronig transition energies were compared with the theoretical calculations.

For the ASACUSA project, a new charged particle trap was designed and constructed. Like a Penning-Malmberg trap, static electric and static magnetic fields are used. Multi-ring electrode is exploited to generate a harmonic potential on the trap axis. It enables the confinement of a number of antiprotons and electrons for the electron cooling. Upon its design, plasma behavior of trapped particle clouds was taken into consideration. As the first step, trap performances have been checked with electrons. Current status are presented.

To produce ultraslow antiproton beams, decelerated antiprotons were captured in an electro‐magnetic trap and cooled by collisions with preloaded electrons. This electron cooling feature was nondestructively monitored by measurement of electrostatic oscillations of the confined electron plasma. The radial distribution of the plasma was controlled for efficient cooling and extraction by utilizing rotating wall field technique.

We present a theoretical study of convoy electron emission resulting from transmission of relativistic 390 MeV/amu Ar17+ ions through carbon foils of various thicknesses. Our approach is based on a Langevin equation describing the random walk of the electron initially bound to the argon nucleus and later in the continuum. The calculated spectra of ejected electrons in the forward direction exhibit clear signatures of multiple scattering and are found to be in good agreement with recent experimental data.

The exit charge state and exit angle distribution of 103.5 MeV oxygen ions transmitted through a 1 μm thick Si single crystal was measured as a function of the incident charge state and incident angle with respect to the (110) planar channeling direction. The aim of the present measurement was to investigate the dependence of electron loss and electron capture probabilities on the impact parameter. The conservation rule of the transverse energy allows us to determine the channeling trajectory of the ion from its incident and exit angles. A series of exit charge state and scattering angle distributions, Y(θsc,qex;θin,qin,t), were measured by scanning the incident angle, θin, with a step of 0.01° for incident charge states of qin = 6, 7 and 8 at path lengths of t = 9500 and 10500 A . Two parameter mappings of the yields as functions of θin and θsc clearly show characteristic features reflecting the combination of qin and qex, which enabled us to deduce impact-parameter dependent electron transfer cross sections with an aid of a Monte Carlo simulation.

From analysis of measurements and computer simulation of channeling, two contributions of thermal vibrations and nuclear lifetime to axial minimum yield can be distinguished. One is production of dechanneled trajectories and one is sampling of the flux of channeled ions near lattice sites.

Wave functions of energetic electrons bound by an atomic row in a crystal and excitation probability of each level are calculated. Results are in good agreement with experimental ones.

The variations of dechanneling coefficient with temperature are studied on the 〈111〉 axial channeling of proton for silicon crystal. The result shows that the dechanneling coefficient is represented by Aϱ2 + B where ϱ is the mean amplitude of thermal vibrations.

The temperature dependence of the minimum yield in channeling phenomena along the 〈110〉 and 〈111〉 axes is measured in germanium and silicon crystals. The observed values agree well with those obtained by computer simulation.

Behavior of phosphorus and arsenic atoms diffused simultaneously into silicon crystals, in which the density of phosphorus at the surface is 1021 cm−3, was studied by random and aligned spectra of backscattered helium ions and radioactive analysis techniques. It was concluded that the phosphorus atoms enter substitutionally and arsenic atoms interstitially, indicating that interstitial atoms inhibit the generation of dislocations.

The reaction times for the 27 Al(p,α) 24 Mg reaction at incident proton energies of 633 and 1183 keV have been measured by the use of the blocking method. For the 633 keV resonance, the measured reaction time is 0.136 ± 0.012 fs.

Some cases of low back pain are resistant to various conservative treatments. For such cases we have tried the epidural injection of dectan-suspension, and report the results of fifty cases. The effect of the treatment is evaluated in five grades: complete cure, remarkable improvement, improvement, no change, and change for the worse.The data thus obtained is examined from three points of view, that is, in relation to the kind of disease, the periods since the onset of the disease, and the frequency of injections. The conclusion is that a complete cure or remarkable improvement is often observed in the cases of sciatic pain, that the earlier the treatment is given, the greater the effect is, and that the injections seems to be limited to five or six. This method seems to be very helpful in confirming operative indication for intervertebral disc protrusion.

The temperature effects of the {111} and {110} planar channeling of 1.5 MeV protons for silicon thin crystal are investigated. the results show that the low loss component (channeling peak) in energy spectrum of transmitted protons decreases with increasing temperature and its energy value does not change. The half width of the channeling angle is almost independent of temperature.

The change of the dip area in the blocking pattern for energetic charged particles due to the formation of compound nuclei is calculated. A numerical example is given for the {111} planar blocking of protons in germanium.

Kossel-Möllenstedt and Kikuchi patterns are obtained by transmission scanning electron microscopy and compared with those obtained by the convergent beam technique from the same portion of the specimen. The identity of corresponding patterns obtained by both techniques shows the validity of the reciprocal theorem in electron diffraction for both elastic and inelastic scattering. The variations of Kossel-Möllenstedt patterns with the conditions of the incident beam and the position of the detector are also shown.