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The transport critical current density J c of single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films has been measured in weak magnetic fields applied at varied angles to the film surface. There are samples with the hysteresis of J c against H and with no hysteresis. The hysteresis occurs in fields not parallel to the direction of the transport current except near the critical temperature. The presence of the hysteresis is related to the value and the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity.

Summary Changes of the glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) fractions in the medium, the cell surface of human diploid skin fibroblasts and the relation between GAGs synthesis and, cell growth in cultured media containing various Ca ++ concentrations were investigated by means of electrophoretic fractionation. The results demonstrated that the synthesis of the hyaluronic acid (HA) fraction was increased with increase of the Ca ++ concentration in the medium, and this change appeared to be linked to the condition of cell growth. The synthesis of the heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate (HS + DS) fraction was decreased with increase of the Ca ++ concentration in the medium, and this change depended largely on the Ca ++ concentration in the medium rather than the cell growth. The synthesis of the chondroitin sulfate (Ch-s) fraction was also decreased with increase of the Ca ++ concentration in the medium. However, this change was neither controlled especially by the Ca ++ concentration in the medium nor by the condition of cell growth, but reflected the decrease of total GAGs synthesis by the increase of the Ca ++ concentration in the medium.

Tunneling spectra were observed in normal-metal--insulator--superconductor junctions fabricated from single-crystal films of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}}(001), epitaxially grown on SrTiO{sub 3}(100). The quasiparticle density of states observed in the perpendicular direction to the Cu-O planes exhibits a lifetime broadening picture of quasiparticles at the gap edges. The broadening parameter increases with an increase of the temperature. The recombination lifetime at 60 K is estimated to be 10{sup {minus}13} s. A gap parameter {Delta}{sub {perpendicular}}(4.6 K) of 9.0{plus minus}1.8 meV and a coupling constant of (2.4{plus minus}0.5){lt}2{Delta}{sub {perpendicular}} (0)/kT{sub c} {lt}(3.5{plus minus}0.7) were obtained.

The localization of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the locus ceruleus of rats was studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method using a purified antibody raised against GABA applied to paraffin sections, with counterstaining by cresylecht violet, and to floating sections for preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. A few medium-sized and some small neurons showed GABA-like immunoreactivity in both nuclei and perikarya. The preferential localization of these immunopositive neurons in the marginal parts of the locus ceruleus suggests that they are inhibitory local circuit neurons located between this center and the afferent fiber systems. Some of the immunoreactive neurons displayed homogeneous and heterogeneous ( paired cells) patterns. Occurrence of the GABA-GABA interaction is indicated. Immunopositive bouton forms are located close to every positive and negative neuron. Electron microscopy confirms GABA-like immunoreactivity in both medium-sized and small neurons of the locus ceruleus and demonstrates that immunoreactive boutons are axosomatic and axosoma spine symmetric synapses on immunopositive and immunonegative cell bodies. These immunocytochemical results support the existence of inhibitory interneurons in the locus ceruleus.

Single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films have been directly and epitaxially grown on (100) planes of SrTiO3 at relatively low temperatures ( ∽ 600°C) using three metal sources by activated reactive evaporation. Films by this method have a novel superiority in the structural and superconducting properties.

The electronic energy-band properties of epitaxially grown YBa/sub 2/CuO/sub 3/O/sub 7-//sub x/(001) single-crystal thin films have been investigated by angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS) with synchrotron radiation as the light source. The (001) surfaces exhibit sharp (1 x 1) low-energy electron-diffraction patterns. Our ARUPS data show a clear Fermi edge and dispersive nature of the valence bands, suggesting the validity of the band concept for this oxide. We determined energy-band dispersion along the GAMMA-X-M-GAMMA directions in the bulk Brillouin zone. The experimental results are compared with the existing ground-state band calculations.

Artificial superlattices, composed of ultrathin layers of NiO and ZnO, (NiO) m (ZnO) n × l , were epitaxially grown on the (0001) plane of α-Al 2 O 3 by activated reactive evaporation. The two oxides in nature have different crystal structures and a large misfit of the lattice. X-ray and reflection high energy electron diffraction measurements revealed that the lattice structures of the superlattices were classified into two types depending on m and n : (I) n n > 6, substantially NiO has the NaCl structure and ZnO has the wurtzite structure.

The plasma disappearance rate (K) and transfer rate constants for the two compartmental system of Indocyanine Green (ICG) were calculated in visualized and nonvisualized cases of the biliary tract with hepatobiliary disease using drip infusion cholangiography (DIC). In nonvisualized cases with hepatocellular disorder K and the fractional hepatic removal rate mainly decreased, and in nonvisualized cases with cholelithiasis the fractional biliary secretory rate significantly decreased by DIC-A, utilizing it as a screening test. Three methods (B,C and D) of drip infusion cholangiography were established according to the result of the I-CG test. Through DIC-B, C- or -D in addition to DIC-A the visualization of the biliary tract significantly elevated in patients with hepatocellular disorder and cholelithiasis. These results were confirmed using 131I-iodipamide. In some cases the serum transaminase activity elevated, but the elevation was temporary.

Low temperature magnetoresistances of high- T c compound film of GdBa 2 Cu 3 O y ( y

A 100 A-thick YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystal film with Tc=81 K was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction. No orthorhombic distortion was found in spite of the existence of the Cu-O chain structures. This implies that the two-dimensional Cu sublattice is isotropic and the oxygen configuration is anisotropic with the displacements along the c-direction in the Cu-O plane. It is concluded that the anisotropic oxygen configuration strongly correlates to the origin of the high-Tc superconductivity.

Angle-resolved photoemission from epitaxially grown $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}(001)$ single-crystal thin films reveals a clear Fermi edge and fine structure near the edge. Some of the valence-band photoemission features show $k$-space dispersion. These new results suggest that the electronic structure of this oxide can be treated within the framework of the one-electron band picture.

びまん性肝疾患162例について,198Auコロイドシンチグラムの計測値とICG試験成績との関係を検討した.R(右径),R-L(右径と左径の差)およびS(面積)は,主としてICG肝摂取因子の障害の程度に比例して減少し,特に,ICG血漿消失率(KICG)0.05以下の肝硬変症ではRとSの減少が有意であった.一方,L径(左径)は,血中への逆流率や胆汁への排泄率に比例して増大する傾向を示した.脾像出現例と非出現例の間には,肝シンチグラムの計測値にも,ICG値にも,ほとんど有意差がなかったが,脾像出現率は,KICG,15分血中停滞率(R15ICG),肝摂取率(aICG)および198Auコロイド脾集積度と相関を示した.また,肝硬変症でM径(脾長径)は,KICG, aICGの低下やR15ICGの増加に伴って増大した.以上の結果から,肝シンチグラムにおける脾像出現機序について考察した.

Complete solid solubility was confirmed in the pseudobinary system Ba2TiGe2O8–Ba2TiSi2O8 and phase boundary between orthorhombic and tetragonal phases was determined by DTA and polarizing microscopy. At room temperature, the phase boundary is passing through about 45 at% Si for the tetrahedral cations. The crystal structures of Ba2Ti(Ge0.25Si0.75)2O8 and the paraelastic Ba2TiGe2O8 were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The space groups, cell dimensions and final R values are: P4bm, a=8.583 (1), c=5.268 (1) A and 0.039 (440 reflexions at room temperature) for the former crystal, and P4bm, a=8.770 (1), c=5.433 (1) A and 0.076 (182 reflexions at 890°C) for the latter. The structures of both crystals consist of (Ge, Si)2O7 groups and TiO5 square pyramids to form flat sheets perpendicular to the c-axis. Paraelastic Ba2TiGe2O8 has highly distorted GeO4 tetrahedra. Average (Ge, Si)–O distances are 1.73 and 1.65A and bridging angles O–(Ge, Si)–O are 131° and 137.4° in the paraelastic Ba2TiGe2O8 and Ba2Ti(Ge0.25Si0.75)2O8, respectively.

Magnetoresistance in high-quality single-crystal films of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ studied in a temperature range ${T}_{c}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}T\ensuremath{\lesssim}210 K is presented for magnetic field configurations both parallel and perpendicular to the conducting ab plane. The data are analyzed in terms of recent theories of superconducting fluctuations considering both orbital and Zeeman effects in Aslamazov-Larkin and Maki-Thompson terms. From the analysis, the phase-breaking time of carriers is determined to be ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}$=(1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ sec at 100 K with a T dependence of 1/${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}$\ensuremath{\propto}${T}^{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$. ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{c}$(0)=1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 A\r{} and ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$(0) =11.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 A\r{} are also derived for the inter- and intralayer coherence lengths.

Single-crystal YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− x thin films with T c =90 K have been prepared on SrTiO 3 (100) at relatively low temperatures by activated reactive evaporation. X-ray examination revealed that the c -axis of the 1000A thick film was perfectly perpendicular to the SrTiO 3 (100) face and the film consisted of microdomains whose structure was orthorhombic. The in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction observation during growth of the film on SrTiO 3 (100) and MgO(100) suggests that the initial deposition on both the substrates occurs in the layer-to-layer growth manner. The in-plane lattice spacing of deposit on MgO converted from the bulk value of MgO to that of YBCO while the thickness increased from 12 A to 24 A. Some superconducting and surface-structural properties are also reported.

Cryogenically cleaved surfaces of epitaxially grown Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films were studied using the film-edge junction technique. The junctions were analized based on a simple junction model. The junction qualities were degraded mainly due to the leaky tunneling barrier and the exposed normal material at the surface of the oxide superconductors. The gap energies were found to have the gap closing temperatures. The linearity between Tc (Δ=0) and Δ(0) was found to be better than that between Tc(R=0) and Δ(0). Such linearity was found in the Tc range between 40 K and 80 K. For Y-Ba-Ca-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O samples, the normalized gap energy 2Δ(0)/kBTc that associated with the peak voltage value in the σ−V characteristics was about 6 (±0.2) in the direction of the Cu-O plane, in contrast to a smaller normalized gap energy found in the c-plane cleaved junction.

1. The study was conducted at an adjoining area to Imba Marsh-lake, Chiba Prefecture, during 2-5, January, 1969.2. The study area could be divided into: 1) the foothills, 2) the paddy fields and 3) the moorlands along Imba Lake.3. The methods of investigation used are: the line transect on the foothills and paddy fields, and the 'drive-mapping' and 'parallel belt' census on the moorlands.4. The species studied are Emberiza spodocephala, E. cioides, E. fucata, E. schoeniclus and E. rustica.5. Emberiza spodocephala lived mainly on the foothills and occurred along the edge of pine woods and ditches of paddy fields. They were mostly in pairs.Emberiza cioides occurred in three types of study area, but they tended to prefer the drier and wasted parts. They were usually in pairs or small flocks.7. Emberiza fucata, only once encountered, was on the ridge between rice fields.8. Emberiza rustica was found in three types of the study area, but they selected not so dried grounds. They settled on the rice fields of the foothills, as well as on the ground under fallen cuttail or reed beds in the moorland. They formed large flocks of up to several hundred birds.9. Emberiza schoeniclus used the moorlands and small patches of moor in the paddy fields. They fed in the grasses above or beside the water and took shelter in reed beds in small parties. The activity range of each party consisted of a feeding ground and 'first' and 'second' sheltering sites. This formed a 'unit range' several of which may be concentrated within the total wintering area. E. rustica, on the other hand, did not have this unit range in their wintering moorland, because it had no need of separation of feeding and sheltering sites.10. In the moorland, E. schoeniclus and E. rustica are ecologically separated by preference of different feeding grounds and by difference of flock formation. Main feeding sites of E. schoeniclus are paddy-like plants above the water, whereas E. rustica feeds on the ground under grasses. Individual E. schoeniclus moves within a unit range to and from the feeding and sheltering sites, but E. rustica has not such a unit range and moves in small flocks over a single large wintering range.11. E. schoeniclus is adapted to perch on vertical stem of grasses and therefore can live in grasses above the water. E. rustica has not such an adaptation and feeds on the ground. Thus, the habitat segregation between the two species is not due to interspecific competition, but is based on taxonomic difference.

This study was conducted on January 3-4, 1970, in an area adjoining to Saga City in Kyushu to investigate the ecological segregation of five species of the Genus Emberiza, wintering in paddy fields. As the result of line transect censuses, all the five species of Emberiza: E. cioides, E. spodocephala, E. fucata, E. schoeniclus and E. rustica, were recorded along creeks running through paddy fields. The daytime dispersal and roosting activity of E. spodocephala was especially studied with 'time-mapping' method (Nakamura, 1969). Along the creeks, all the five species occurred but with the following ecological habitat segregations: E. schoeniclus, E. rustica and E. spodocephala among vegetations in the creek, E. cioides on the bank of the creek, E. fucata beyond the bank on the paddy fields where E. rustica was the only species that gathered in large flocks.During the daytime, E. spodocephala spent principally in pairs and adhered to a home range of an area of about 10, 000m2-20, 000m2. Before sunset, 60-70% of its population wintering in the investigation area (1.8km2) flew to a communal roost in the reed bed of Ariake Bay. However, there were individuals of the population that remained by pairs or in small flocks within or near the daytime home range. Thus, we found two different roosting petterns in one wintering population of E. spodocephala.

The orientation of YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films grown on (110) planes of SrTiO3 by activated reactive evaporation was investigated by means of reflection high‐energy electron diffraction. The orientation of the films depended on the substrate temperature. The films with (110) planes parallel to the substrate surface grew in a narrow range of substrate temperatures around 530 °C, while the films with (103) planes parallel to the surface grew at temperatures above 600 °C. The change of the epitaxial orientation with the substrate temperature is discussed in terms of the temperature dependence of the lattice mismatch between YBa2Cu3O7−x and SrTiO3.

Normal‐metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) junctions were fabricated using thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) or ErBa2Cu3O7−x. These were epitaxially grown on single‐crystal SrTiO3 by the activated reactive evaporation method. For some NIS junctions prepared on SrTiO3 (110) substrates, we observed multipeaks in the differential conductance versus voltage curve. NIS junctions using single‐crystal YBCO films on SrTiO3 (100) showed a set of peaks, from which we obtained a gap parameter of 11.5±1.5 meV at 4.4 K and a coupling constant of 3.2±0.4.

It is well known that an austempered steel shows better mechanical properties (ductility, toughness, etc.) than a martempered (hardened and tempered) one which have the same hardeness, although the cause of these differences are unascertained. But it is said that such properties of martempered steel relates to the occurrence of micro-or submicro -cracks in hardening, though their existence have not been generally accepted. For solving this question, the authors have at first compared the austempered carbon steel (0.8% C) with the martempered in hardness, tensile strength, elongation, No. of twist and fold, etc. In this paper the results of these tests are discussed.

Congenital deficiency of high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), first reported by Saito et al. in 1975, is a rare disorder with homozygous defect of HMWK and only 14 cases have been reported so far. Prolonged partial thromboplastin time and depressed intrinsic fibrinolytic activity in plasma interacted with negatively charged surface were characterized in these patients without any bleeding problem. On the other hand, patients associated with hemorrhagic disorder, such as haemophiliacs, showed a markedly prolonged partial thromboplastin time but normal intrinsic fibrinolytic activity. These results give us a important suggestion on our understanding of why haemophiliacs bleed and why HMWK deficient patients do not. In immunological studies with specific antisera directed against human plasma HMWK and prekallikrein, HMWK in present in normal plasma in free form and a complexed form with prekallikrein, and whole prekallikrein in present in a complexed form with HMWK. This result is associated with diminished level of prekallikrein in plasma of patients with congenital HMWK deficiency. According to above-mentioned our experimental results and some reports, it is speculated that the deficiency of HMWK with normal level of prekallikrein is acquired.

Image processing is one of the most promising application fields of optical computing in which parallelism inherent in optics well matches two dimensional nature of images. Convolution is a basic operation in preprocessing images, and various kinds of methods for optically implementing it have been proposed1–3.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) synthesis and accumulation on the cell surface of skin fibroblasts in two patients with Werner's syndrome were measured by the incorporation of 3H-glucosamine and 35S-sulfate. The strains of fibroblasts from Werner's syndrome (WF) had a much higher production of GAGS and accumulation on the cell surface than did the controls. Uronic acid was measured by means of the carbazole sulfuric acid method and orcinol method and it was revealed that WF fibroblasts had a large amount of total uronic acid in the cell layer, the largest portion being the iduronic acid fraction. Electrophoretic analysis of the GAGS of WF showed an increase of production. Increased release into the medium and accumulation of pericellular glycosaminoglycans was observed in hyaluronic acid (HA), heparan sulfate + dermatan sulfate (HS + DS), and chondroitin sulfate (CHS) fractions. No specific accumulation of GAGS in the intracellular pools was observed.

Detailed histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of hexokinase, amylophosphorylase, aldolase, lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in every component of the locus ceruleus, nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini, nucleus dorsalis n. vagi and nucleus n. hypoglossi of the wistar strain rats. The locus ceruleus and nucleus dorsalis n. vagi which are considered to be belong to "exceptional nuclei" showed mild activity in the nerve cell bodies and strong activity in the surrounding glia cell for the hexokinase reaction. But, the nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini and nucleus n. hypoglossi considered to be "usual nuclei" revealed strong activity in the nerve cell bodies and glia cells for the hexokinase reaction, however, glia cells did not show the tendency to surround the nerve cells in these nuclei. On the basis of the present findings, the glia cells may get their energy source from glucose in the circulating blood, and they may be energy donators to the nerve cells in the "exceptional nuclei" whereas the nerve cells may get their energy source directly from glucose in the circulating blood in the "usual nuclei". The former 2 nuclei showed low level activity of succinic dehydrogenase. These findings may indicate that the locus ceruleus and nucleus dorsalis n. vagi belong to the conception "exceptional nuclei" in this respect. However, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway was dominant in the locus ceruleus, while the WARBURG-DICKENS pathway (hexose monophosphate shunt = HMP shunt) was dominant in the nucleus dorsalis n. vagi in the present study. This descrepancy may strongly suggest that the locus ceruleus is distinctly different from the nucleus dorsalis n. vagi concerning the carbohydrate metabolism, though both nuclei are involved on the same conception "exceptional nuclei". The latter 2 nuclei (the nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini and the nucleus n. hypoglossi) considered to be "usual nuclei" in 3 ways as that nerve cells get energy source directly from glucose in the circulating blood, that the 2 nuclei are equipped with enzymes involved in the EMP pathway and the HMP shunt to the same degree, and that they are rich in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini revealed considerably variable reactions for the hexokinase, aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase in the present study.

We studied hemostatic function in a family with a history of venous thromboembolic disease. In the propositus, a 36-year-old male, the results of assays for the coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolytic factors were almost normal. However, the functional protein S activity in his plasma was less than 5% of normal. Similar laboratory findings were noted in his paternal uncle and two sisters who had recurrent thrombotic episodes and in his asymptomatic father as well. The mean total protein S antigen level in these five patients was 37% (range 19-66%) by conventional Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis. However, by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of their plasmas and Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis of the polyethyleneglycol 6000-treated plasmas, the free form of protein S was undetectable in their plasmas. The levels of C4b-binding protein in the plasma of three of the five patients were in normal range, and that those in the remaining two were below the normal level. These findings suggest that the recurrent thrombotic disease in this family is due to inherited deficiency of protein S, particularly of the functionally active free form of protein S.

The viscoelastic properties of new experimental tissue conditioners which consist of synthesized poly (butyl methacrylate) PBMA and a liquid of aromatic-ester plasticizer, without alcohol, were investigated to evaluate the effects of the molecular weight of polymer. The master curves of storage modulus G', dynamic viscosity eta' and loss tangent tan delta were constructed from the viscoelastic data at different temperatures. The effects of the molecular weight of polymer on the viscoelastic properties G' and tan delta were observed particularly, in a low frequency range. However, the dynamic viscosity eta' was not very sensitive to the molecular weight. These results suggest that PBMA produces more desirable properties for tissue conditioners, and that it is possible to manufacture new materials without alcohol.

This is a method for measuring tissue factor (TF, Factor III, tissue thromboplastin) activity in plasma by using a chromogenic substrate. As pretreatment, the euglobulin fraction of plasma was prepared by removing endogenous inhibitors and heated at 60 degrees C for 3 min to remove fibrinogen. This allowed us to measure the low TF activity in plasma that could not otherwise be measured. Neither phospholipids nor coagulation factors VII, IX, X, or Xa in the samples interfere. Within-run and day-to-day reproducibility were both good. The mean value obtained by this method for normal persons was 1.02 (SD 0.91) arbitrary units/L. A markedly high plasma TF activity of 20 arb. units/L or more was observed in patients with some types of disseminated intravascular coagulation.