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Background: Liriope platyphylla and organic acids (humic and fulvic acids) as additives in the feedstock may aid in decreasing CH4 formation in the rumen. Based on previous studies, Hanwoo steers were raised with feedstock added with Liriope platyphylla and organic acids and their fecal samples were analyzed to determine the changes in their organic matter and nitrogen content determining the GHG emissions from feces in the form of CH4 and N2O. Methods: Ten Hanwoo cattle were provided with experimental diet and their weights were measured to determine harmful effects of experimental diet and measure fecal composition. To measure CH4 emission from the rumen in vitro, rumen fluid with Liriope platyphylla 1.0% and organic acids 0.05% added to the feed was prepared and incubated in triplicate. Result: The addition of Liriope platyphylla had a positive effect on immune function and blood composition, as well as CH4 reduction and further the addition of organic acids resulted in the lowering of CH4 emissions when compared with that of the control. The addition of Liriope platyphylla and organic acids is a potential additive of reducing CH4 emissions from ruminants without disrupting cattle growth.

The oral microbiome is an important component of the microbiome in the human body. Although the association of the oral microbiome with various diseases, including periodontitis and cancer, has been reported, information on how the oral microbiome is related to health-related indicators in healthy populations is still insufficient. In this study, we examined the associations of the oral microbiome with 15 metabolic and 19 complete blood count (CBC)-based markers in 692 healthy Korean individuals. The richness of the oral microbiome was associated with four CBC markers and one metabolic marker. Compositional variation in the oral microbiome was significantly explained by four markers: fasting glucose, fasting insulin, white blood cell count, and total leukocyte count. Furthermore, we found that these biomarkers were associated with the relative abundances of numerous microbial genera, such as Treponema, TG5, and Tannerella. By identifying the relationship between the oral microbiome and clinical biomarkers in a healthy population, our study presents a direction for future studies on oral microbiome-based diagnosis and interventions.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical treatment of a nighttime sensation of heat on the palms and soles of the feet of a 71-year-old female patient using Sammulhwanggeum-tang.Methods: Sammulhwanggeum-tang was administered for 19 days to reduce the patient’s symptoms, which were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and by duration.Results: The heat sensation began to improve after four days and continued to do so for the subsequent 15 days. From May 12, X to May 30, X, the degree of subjective symptoms decreased from a VAS score of 10 before treatment to 0 after treatment, and their daily duration decreased from 10 to 0 hours. In addition, considering that the duration of the patient’s symptoms was about 30 days, the duration of the symptoms decreased to 17 days, including the period before the start of treatment.Conclusion: This clinical study suggests that Sammulhwanggeum-tang might be effective in resolving the sensation of heat on the palms and soles of the feet at night.

Since the skin covers most surfaces of the body, it is susceptible to damage, which can be fatal depending on the degree of injury to the skin because it defends against external attack and protects internal structures. Various types of artificial skin are being studied for transplantation to repair damaged skin, and recently, the production of replaceable skin using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has also been investigated. In this study, skin tissue was produced using a 3D bioprinter with human skin cell lines and cells extracted from mouse skin, and the printing conditions were optimized. Gelatin was used as a bioink, and fibrinogen and alginate were used for tissue hardening after printing. Printed skin tissue maintained a survival rate of 90% or more when cultured for 14 days. Culture conditions were established using 8 mM calcium chloride treatment and the skin tissue was exposed to air to optimize epidermal cell differentiation. The skin tissue was cultured for 14 days after differentiation induction by this optimized culture method, and immunofluorescent staining was performed using epidermal cell differentiation markers to investigate whether the epidermal cells had differentiated. After differentiation, loricrin, which is normally found in terminally differentiated epidermal cells, was observed in the cells at the tip of the epidermal layer, and cytokeratin 14 was expressed in the lower cells of the epidermis layer. Collectively, this study may provide optimized conditions for bioprinting and keratinization for three-dimensional skin production.

The concept of “public health care (public health and medical services)” as discussed in South Korea is used in an unclear sense, with a meaning unlike the terminology used worldwide. The terms “public health care (public health and medical services)” and “health care (health and medical services)” have the same legal definition in Korea. Globally, “public health care (public health and medical services)” refers to medical services provided to the public that are operated as publicly funded resources, but in Korea, this term is confined to limited medical services prescribed by the government. The following considerations regarding “public health care (public health and medical services)” in Korea are proposed: All medical services performed by the state, regional governments, health care institutions, or health care workers to protect and promote the health of the people should be clearly established as “public health care (public health and medical services)” by definition. The financial burden borne by the state through national health insurance should be increased to an appropriate level to clarify the states responsibility. Improving public health is an urgent priority in Korea, and this goal can be achieved by improving regional public health through systematic relationships between the state and regional governments, establishing a Ministry of Health, and efficiently allocating public health doctors who are important for providing regional medical care in rural and remote areas. It will be possible to actively deal with infectious diseases at the national level through establishment of a Ministry of Disease Control and Prevention.