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Accelerometers placed on the thigh provide accurate measures of daily physical activity types, postures and sedentary behaviours, over 24 h and across consecutive days. However, the ability to estimate sleep duration or quality from thigh-worn accelerometers is uncertain and has not been evaluated in comparison with the ‘gold-standard’ measurement of sleep polysomnography. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for sleep estimation using the raw data from a thigh-worn accelerometer and to evaluate it in comparison with polysomnography. The algorithm was developed and optimised on a dataset consisting of 23 single-night polysomnography recordings, collected in a laboratory, from 15 asymptomatic adults. This optimised algorithm was then applied to a separate evaluation dataset, in which, 71 adult males (mean [SD] age 57 [11] years, height 181 [6] cm, weight 82 [13] kg) wore ambulatory polysomnography equipment and a thigh-worn accelerometer, simultaneously, whilst sleeping at home. Compared with polysomnography, the algorithm had a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.55 when estimating sleep periods. Sleep intervals were underestimated by 21 min (130 min, Limits of Agreement Range [LoAR]). Total sleep time was underestimated by 32 min (233 min LoAR). Our results evaluate the performance of a new algorithm for estimating sleep and outline the limitations. Based on these results, we conclude that a single device can provide estimates of the sleep interval and total sleep time with sufficient accuracy for the measurement of daily physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, on a group level in free-living settings.

Aims and Objective To explore the experiences of patients with non-cardiac chest pain and cardiac anxiety regarding participation in an internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy program. Background Non-cardiac chest pain is common and leads to cardiac anxiety. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy may be a possible option to decrease cardiac anxiety in these patients. We have recently evaluated the effect of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy program on cardiac anxiety. Design An inductive qualitative study using content analysis and the COREQ checklist. Methods Semi-structured interviews with 16 Swedish patients, who had participated in the internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy program. Results Three categories were found. The first, Driving factors for participation in the internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy program described the impact of pain on their lives and struggle that led them to participating in the program. The second, The program as a catalyst described that the program was helpful, trustworthy and useful and the last category, Learning to live with chest pain described the program as a tool for gaining the strength and skills to live a normal life despite chest pain. Conclusions The program was experienced as an opportunity to return to a normal life. The program was perceived as helpful, trustworthy and useful, which helped the participants challenge their fear of chest pain and death, and gain strength and new insights into their ability to live a normal life. Relevance to Clinical Practice A tailored internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy program delivered by a nurse therapist with clinical experience of the patient group is important to improve cardiac anxiety. Patient or Public Contribution Patients or the general public were not involved in the design, analysis or interpretation of the data of this study, but two patients with experience of non-cardiac chest pain were involved, Funding Agencies|Kamprad Family Foundation [ISV-2018-00033]; Region Ostergotland [RO-938360]

Wearable activity monitors provide objective estimates of time in different physical activity intensities. Each continuous stepping period is described by its length and a corresponding single intensity (in metabolic equivalents of task [METs]), creating square wave–shaped signals. We argue that physiological responses do not resemble square waves, with the purpose of this technical report to challenge this idea and use experimental data as a proof of concept and direct potential solutions to better characterize activity intensity. Healthy adults ( n = 43, 19♀; 23 ± 5 years) completed 6-min treadmill stages (five walking and five jogging/running) where oxygen consumption (3.5 ml O 2 ·kg ⁻¹ ·min ⁻¹ = 1 MET) was recorded throughout and following the cessation of stepping. The time to steady state was ∼1–1.5 min, and time back to baseline following exercise was ∼1–2 min, with faster stepping stages generally exhibiting longer durations. Instead of square waves, the duration intensity signal reflected a trapezoid shape for each stage. The METs per minute during the rise to steady state (upstroke slopes; average: 1.7–6.3 METs/min for slow walking to running) may be used to better characterize activity intensity for shorter activity bouts where steady state is not achieved (within ∼90 s). While treating each activity bout as a single intensity is a much simpler analytical procedure, characterizing each bout in a continuous manner may better reflect the true physiological responses to movement. The information provided herein may be used to improve the characterization of activity intensity, definition of bout breaks, and act as a starting point for researchers and software developers interested in using wearables to measure activity intensity.

Risk assessments of hand-intensive and repetitive work are commonly done using observational methods, and it is important that the methods are reliable and valid. However, comparisons of the reliability and validity of methods are hampered by differences in studies, e.g., regarding the background and competence of the observers, the complexity of the observed work tasks and the statistical methodology. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate six risk assessment methods, concerning inter- and intra-observer reliability and concurrent validity, using the same methodological design and statistical parameters in the analyses. Twelve experienced ergonomists were recruited to perform risk assessments of ten video-recorded work tasks twice, and consensus assessments for the concurrent validity were carried out by three experts. All methods’ total-risk linearly weighted kappa values for inter-observer reliability (when all tasks were set to the same duration) were lower than 0.5 (0.15–0.45). Moreover, the concurrent validity values were in the same range with regards to total-risk linearly weighted kappa (0.31–0.54). Although these levels are often considered as being fair to substantial, they denote agreements lower than 50% when the expected agreement by chance has been compensated for. Hence, the risk of misclassification is substantial. The intra-observer reliability was only somewhat higher (0.16–0.58). Regarding the methods ART (Assessment of repetitive tasks of the upper limbs) and HARM (Hand Arm Risk Assessment Method), it is worth noting that the work task duration has a high impact in the risk level calculation, which needs to be taken into account in studies of reliability. This study indicates that when experienced ergonomists use systematic methods, the reliability is low. As seen in other studies, especially assessments of hand/wrist postures were difficult to rate. In light of these results, complementing observational risk assessments with technical

BACKGROUND: There is a need for simple and suitable tools for assessing sleep in a natural home environment. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the feasibility in terms of implementation and acceptability of a new homebased ballistocardiographic (BCG) tool for objective sleep-assessment in a real-life context. METHODS: The participants included thirty-nine workers, taking part in two seven nights sleep-assessment periods. Objective data regarding sleep was collected with BCG. Subjective data regarding sleep was collected with a sleep diary. Implementation was analysed by determining the number of nights with usable signal quality and comparing with the total number of potential nights and by exploring associations between objective and subjective sleep data. Acceptability was analysed by categorizing the participants experiences of how the BCG tool impacted the sleep. RESULTS: In terms of implementation, usableBCGdata increased from 40% at assessment phase 1 to 70% during assessment phase 2. Moreover, in assessment phase 2, there was a significant moderate correlation between the `time in bed assessed by the BCG and in sleep diary by participants in the first five nights. In terms of acceptability, almost one third of the participants did not experience any impact of the BCG on the sleep. Two participants experienced a major negative impact on the sleep. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the novel BCG tool could be feasible for objective assessing of sleep in workers natural home-environment in the future, but there is still a need for development of the BCG both regarding technology and implementation process., Funding Agencies|European Social Fund (ESF) [EURA 2014/2469/09 02 01 01/2015/STM]

OBJECTIVES: The aim included investigation of the associations between sedentary (SED), low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids and the estimated difference in prevalence by theoretical reallocation of time in different PA behaviours. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Multisite study at university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 22 670 participants without cardiovascular disease (51% women, 57.4 years, SD 4.3) from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study were included. SED, LIPA and MVPA were assessed by hip-worn accelerometer. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Any and significant subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CA), Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and carotid atherosclerosis (CarA) were derived from imaging data from coronary CT angiography and carotid ultrasound. RESULTS: High daily SED (>70% ≈10.5 hours/day) associated with a higher OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.91), for significant CA, and with lower OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95), for significant CarA. High LIPA (>55% ≈8 hours/day) associated with lower OR for significant CA 0.70 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96), and CACS, 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.97), but with higher OR for CarA 1.41 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.76). MVPA above reference level, >2% ≈20 min/day, associated with lower OR for significant CA (OR range 0.61-0.67), CACS (OR range 0.71-0.75) and CarA (OR range 0.72-0.79). Theoretical replacement of 30 min of SED into an equal amount of MVPA associated with lower OR for significant CA, especially in participants with high SED 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) or low MVPA 0.51 (0.36 to 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: MVPA was associated with a lower risk for significant atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids, while the association varied in strength and direction for SED and LIPA, respectively. If causal, clinical implications include avoiding high levels of daily SED and low le

Aims The aims of this study were to evaluate: (i) the short- and long-term effects of the internet-based cognitive behaviour (iCBT) programme on symptoms of distress and fear disorder in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, and (ii) the association between changes in depression and changes in symptoms of distress and fear disorder from baseline to 12-month follow-up.Methods and results Secondary analysis of data collected in a randomized controlled study evaluating the effects on depression of an iCBT programme compared to an online discussion forum (ODF) in CVD patients (n = 144). Data were collected at baseline, at post-intervention (9 weeks), and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The results showed that symptoms of distress disorder were statistically significantly more reduced in the iCBT group than in the ODF group. For symptoms of the fear disorder, no differences were found except for avoidance, which showed a statistically significant reduction in the iCBT group. The long-term analysis in the iCBT group showed that CAQ total score and fear decreased from baseline to 6- and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. Avoidance and attention both decreased statistically significantly from baseline to post-intervention, but not between post-intervention and 12-month follow-up.Methods and results Secondary analysis of data collected in a randomized controlled study evaluating the effects on depression of an iCBT programme compared to an online discussion forum (ODF) in CVD patients (n = 144). Data were collected at baseline, at post-intervention (9 weeks), and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The results showed that symptoms of distress disorder were statistically significantly more reduced in the iCBT group than in the ODF group. For symptoms of the fear disorder, no differences were found except for avoidance, which showed a statistically significant reduction in the iCBT group. The long-term analysis in the iCBT group showed that CAQ total score and fear decreased from b, Funding Agencies|We thank the participants who made this study possible.

This paper aims to generate new insights to the complex issue of developing dynamic capabilities ( DC) for digital transformation (DT )in healthcare, and addressing the RQ: How are the microfoundations of DCs enabled or constrained in the context of DT initiatives in healthcare? In the findings, three levels of DC are identified: Ad hoc capabilities(AC), Micro-context and Shared DC. Further, the analysis identified enablers and constraints for AC, micro-context DC and shared DC. In some situations, the factors that act as constraints at shared DC level were also identified as enablers for AC and micro-context. This indicates that some of the very things that lay the grounds for microfoundations of DC may also hamper organisationally shared DC. This points to a continuous dynamic between the AC, micro-context and shared DC levels, where calibration at all levels is necessary in order to obtain and maintain DC on all organisational levels

Background and Aims: Physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour (SB), and inadequate sleep are key behavioural risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases. Each behaviour is mainly considered in isolation, despite clear behavioural and biological interdependencies. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of five-part movement compositions with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Methods: Cross-sectional data from six studies (n = 15 253 participants; five countries) from the Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep consortium were analysed. Device-measured time spent in sleep, SB, standing, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) made up the composition. Outcomes included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, total:HDL cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Compositional linear regression examined associations between compositions and outcomes, including modelling time reallocation between behaviours. Results: The average daily composition of the sample (age: 53.7 ± 9.7 years; 54.7% female) was 7.7 h sleeping, 10.4 h sedentary, 3.1 h standing, 1.5 h LIPA, and 1.3 h MVPA. A greater MVPA proportion and smaller SB proportion were associated with better outcomes. Reallocating time from SB, standing, LIPA, or sleep into MVPA resulted in better scores across all outcomes. For example, replacing 30 min of SB, sleep, standing, or LIPA with MVPA was associated with −0.63 (95% confidence interval −0.48, −0.79), −0.43 (−0.25, −0.59), −0.40 (−0.25, −0.56), and −0.15 (0.05, −0.34) kg/m2 lower BMI, respectively. Greater relative standing time was beneficial, whereas sleep had a detrimental association when replacing LIPA/MVPA and positive association when replacing SB. The minimal displacement of any behaviour into MVPA for improved cardiometabolic health ranged from 3.8 (HbA1c) to 12.7 (triglycerides) min/day. Conclusions: Compositional data analyses reveal

Lighting in the built environment has effects on different aspects, ranging from building performance in terms of costs and energy consumption to human well-being in terms of thermal comfort, visual effects, and beyond-vision effects. Buildings optimised for specific performance metrics rarely consider performance aspects simultaneously, leading to sub-optimised, unbalanced, or non-trade-off solutions. Therefore, multi-objective optimisation has been more commonly used to overcome conflicting performance objectives. Recently, metrics to quantify light effects beyond vision became available, but it is unclear if and how they are integrated with other existing building performance metrics. A scoping review investigated the state-of-art in multi-objective lighting design optimisation regarding building performance and human well-being focusing on performance metrics, simulation workflows, and the overall information flow. The search in Scopus and Web of Science databases resulted in 89 journal articles and conference papers, and the 21 papers reaching the highest optimisation level were discussed. The information extracted was categorised into optimisation metrics, levels, and design variables. The results show that none of the papers combines visual and beyond-vison effects with other building performance metrics.

Samhällsbyggnadssektorn är den största enskilda sektorn i de flesta länder och en viktig handelspartner för tillverkningsindustrin. De komplexa produkterna som samhällsbyggnadssektorn producerar och förvaltar består till övervägande del av produkter som realiseras av tillverkningsindustrin. Idag finns det ett ökat tryck på både tillverkningsindustrin och samhällsbyggnadssektorn att bli mer hållbara och stödja omställningen till cirkulär ekonomi. För att göra en sådan omställning möjlig behöver informationsöverföringen mellan samhällsbyggnadssektorn och tillverkningsindustrin förbättras. Syftet med denna förstudie var att skapa ett förslag till en synergi med tre nya forskningsprojekt. Förslag på forskningsprojekt har utarbetats och diskuterats med företagsrepresentanter. Tidigt i förstudien klargjordes att synergiansökan kommer skickas under 2024, vilket i sin tur resulterar i en förbättrad tidplan än den som beskrevs vid ansökan av förstudien till Smart Housing Småland (SHS). Det extra utrymmet har utnyttjats till att, i samarbete med näringslivet, ta fram två strategiska projekt inom området för synergin. Ett av dessa projekt har redan beviljats och arbetet i projektet har påbörjats. Det andra projektet håller på att utformas och kommer sannolikt beviljas eftersom projektet initierats av finansiären. Med dessa projekt som grund fortsätter arbetet med synergin, och målet nu är att starta 2 strategiska projekt samt 3 projekt inom ramen för synergin.

TINF2 encodes the TINF2 protein, which is a subunit in the shelterin complex critical for telomere regulation. Three recent studies have associated six truncating germline variants in TINF2 that have previously been associated with a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) caused by elongation of the telomeres. This has added TINF2 to the long telomere syndrome genes, together with other telomere maintenance genes such as ACD, POT1, TERF2IP, and TERT. We report a clinical study of 102 Danish patients with multiple primary melanoma (MPM) in which a germline truncating variant in TINF2 (p.(Arg265Ter)) was identified in four unrelated participants. The telomere lengths of three variant carriers were >90% percentile. In a routine diagnostic setting, the variant was identified in two more families, including an additional MPM patient and monozygotic twins with thyroid cancer and other cancer types. A total of 10 individuals from six independent families were confirmed carriers, all with cancer history, predominantly melanoma. Our findings suggest a major role of TINF2 in Danish patients with MPM. In addition to melanoma, other cancers in the six families include thyroid, renal, breast, and sarcoma, supporting a CPS in which melanoma, thyroid cancer, and sarcoma predominate. Further studies are needed to establish the full spectrum of associated cancer types and characterize lifetime cancer risk in carriers., TINF2 encodes the TINF2 protein, which is a subunit in the shelterin complex critical for telomere regulation. Three recent studies have associated six truncating germline variants in TINF2 that have previously been associated with a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) caused by elongation of the telomeres. This has added TINF2 to the long telomere syndrome genes, together with other telomere maintenance genes such as ACD, POT1, TERF2IP, and TERT. We report a clinical study of 102 Danish patients with multiple primary melanoma (MPM) in which a germline truncating variant in TINF2 (p.(Arg265Ter)) was identified in four unrelated participants. The telomere lengths of three variant carriers were >90% percentile. In a routine diagnostic setting, the variant was identified in two more families, including an additional MPM patient and monozygotic twins with thyroid cancer and other cancer types. A total of 10 individuals from six independent families were confirmed carriers, all with cancer history, predominantly melanoma. Our findings suggest a major role of TINF2 in Danish patients with MPM. In addition to melanoma, other cancers in the six families include thyroid, renal, breast, and sarcoma, supporting a CPS in which melanoma, thyroid cancer, and sarcoma predominate. Further studies are needed to establish the full spectrum of associated cancer types and characterize lifetime cancer risk in carriers.

There is a lack of a cohesive, integrated approach to design and production planning and control, where real-time data can be captured to support various management functions in an interconnected autonomous platform for collaboration. This paper presents a systematic literature review on collaborative digital platforms for BIM-based projects to facilitate synchronous updates of workflows based on real-time project data. The results show that a combined model, including Knowledge Graphs, Common Data Environments, and Digital Twins have potential to support a fully integrated, automated system. Future studies should therefore investigate how to connect these technologies together in an integrated project platform.

The built environment is heavily dependent on wasteful linear economic models and needs to transition to the circular economy (CE). One of the key enablers of CE is Digital Product Passports (DPPs). However, determining the necessary information and selecting suitable technologies remains to be challenging in practical implementations. This research aims to present a framework for implementing DPPs using Knowledge Graphs (KGs). A literature review was conducted to identify the key components of the framework. The result shows that the key elements encompass use cases identification, data collection, modelling, integration, governance, access and querying, and maintenance and updating.

Employee-driven innovation involves all employees at all levels in improvement work in the organisation. Rather than only accessing the capabilities of research and development employees – the unique competence, insights and ideas of all staff can be activated. We use a longitudinal design to test the impact of leader training on third-level EDI as part of a psychosocial risk assessment process. Leaders are trained to listen to employees and work together to solve work environment problems. We found that idea generation and time to take a break to test new ideas increases after only six months, and this increase is sustained at 18 months compared to a control group. However, 'keenness to share ideas' and 'being listened to' were not significant compared to the control group. These findings and their implications for future research are discussed.

The construction industry is responsible for 32% of the world’s consumption of natural resources, causing 850 million tons of construction waste in the European Union alone. The construction and manufacturing industries mostly apply a linear economy model, where resources are used once and then disposed of. As a response, the concept of a circular economy (CE) was introduced with the aim of keeping materials within a closed loop and regaining their value in the end-of-life phase. This paper aims to investigate the different CE strategies in the construction industry and the related manufacturing industry and how these strategies can be supported by digital technology. The 11Rs framework has been used as a reference within the concept of CE through a scoping literature review, in which 117 articles were reviewed. The analysis focused on the frequency of the various Rs in papers, as well as their applications and possible implementation. Seven interviews were conducted with Swedish experts to obtain industry perspectives and thereby specify a potential research gap related to CE. According to the study, existing research for the application of CE by construction companies has not been fully explored. There is also a lack of knowledge about CE and its benefits, as well as poor collaboration between different stakeholders, both in information sharing and processes. Findings suggest that all stakeholders in the industries need to make efforts to change their strategies if the transition to CE is to occur.

The amount of information on evidence-based design in lighting is mounting, however the facility managers, lighting designers, and researchers are struggling with an implementation of an efficient post-occupancy evaluation system. This research aims to establish a method for Digital Occupancy Assessment for Lighting Evaluation (DOALE) to strengthen evidence-based lighting research supporting value generation for stakeholders. A prototype has been implemented using Azure Digital Twin and the RealEstateCore ontology to investigate how an ontology and a commercial platform, developed to facilitate data integration for smart buildings, can be used for occupancy assessment. The prototype was evaluated using a post occupancy evaluation session where data concerning environmental factors (temperature, illuminance) and data concerning occupants (motion, galvanic skin response, and heart rate) were gathered. Questionnaires concerning occupancy perception were also carried out using mobile technology. Several interviews/discussions were also conducted with the lighting researchers using the prototype to perform the POE. The result indicates that it is possible to use current commercial digital twin technology to implement a post-occupancy evaluation system, but the technology is at present so complex that it is hard for a lighting researcher to adopt the system.

In response to the increasing demand for construction informatics (CI) expertise, universities inthe Nordic countries have developed new educational offers. This study explores how CI related education is being delivered by three different universities, two in Norway and one in Sweden. By comparing curricula and interviewing CI teachers, this paper contributes to the recent debate on the international standardization of CI competence by providing a Scandinavian view. The paper uses a pedagogical framework for hybrid teaching identifying which different “Scandinavian” aspects of CI-based work are focused on education. The results illustrate how all universities provide core competencies for digital work in projects, but their emphasis differs. What all CI education, sampled in this paper, had in common is a strong emphasis on the socio-technical aspects of CI as well the hands-on technical aspects of BIM. It can be reasonably claimed that a more Scandinavian approach to CI education could further inform the standardization of BIM competence. Moreover, this integrated approach appears well suited for creating student engagement and for turning construction into a modern sector of the economy.

AimsThe aim of this study was to develop and refine the content and design of an internet-based support and education program for patients awaiting kidney transplantation from deceased donors.DesignA Delphi process was used.MethodsA prototype internet-based intervention was drafted, based on previous research. The intervention included educational and psychological support to manage the uncertain waiting time and specific education enabling preparation for transplantation and adjustment to life after transplantation. In a two-round Delphi process, patients who had received a kidney transplant from a deceased donor within the last 2 years (n = 27), significant others (n = 6), health-care personnel with renal (n = 20) or transplant (n = 14) expertise, rated importance of content and design aspects of the prototype intervention on a 5-point scale using web questionnaires. A median of >= 3 was considered as consensus. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Free text answers were encouraged and analyzed using deductive content analysis. The STROBE-checklist was used.ResultsConsensus was reached for all suggested content and design items in round 1, with median ratings of 4 or 5. Qualitative analysis from round 1 suggested four new content and design items which were rated in round 2, on all which consensus was reached; information about life with young children as relatives, expansion of kidney transplantation specific information, program extension by one week and individualization by making information available based on individual needs.ConclusionThere was consensus among heterogenous experts regarding suggested educational and psychological support content and design aspects, and additional content and design aspects were identified for an internet-based support and education program for patients awaiting kidney transplantation from deceased donors., Funding Agencies|Linkoping University; Region Ostergotland; Swedish Foundation Stiftelsen for Njursjuka; Swedish Kidney Foundation

How do parties mobilise cultural expertise in Indigenous rights litigation in Scandinavia? Recently, Sami groups have litigated to claim Indigenous rights to land and natural resources, winning some remarkable victories in the Supreme Courts of Norway and Sweden. In this paper, we draw on socio-legal mobilisation theory to analyse the epistemic strategies of Sami litigants and their adversaries in two recent landmark Supreme Court cases on Indigenous rights to usage of land: the 2020 Girjas case in Sweden and the 2021 Fosen case in Norway. Conceptualising cultural expertise as a strategic framing contest, we analyse how the parties struggled over the epistemic basis of the respective case by legitimating their claims to cultural knowledge, drawing on academic research, and discrediting their opponents’ epistemic claims. Our findings suggest that in both cases, Sami claimants successfully established an epistemic basis where their traditional, experiential knowledge combined with independent academic expertise effectively challenged the knowledge claims of their adversaries. Yet, both cases also demonstrate how the linkage between Sami Indigeneity and reindeer husbandry in the national law of both countries excludes non-reindeer herding Sami persons from the Indigenous rights affirmed by the courts.

In this study of the `Resolving supermAssive Black hole Binaries In galacTic hydrodynamical Simulations' (RABBITS) series, we focus on the hardening and coalescing process of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries in galaxy mergers. For simulations including different galaxy formation processes (i.e. gas cooling, star formation, SMBH accretion, stellar and AGN feedback), we systematically control the effect of stochastic eccentricity by fixing it to similar values during the SMBH hardening phase. We find a strong correlation between the SMBH merger time-scales and the presence of nuclear star formation. Throughout the galaxy merging process, gas condenses at the centre due to cooling and tidal torques, leading to nuclear star formation. These recently formed stars, which inherit low angular momenta from the gas, contribute to the loss cone and assist in the SMBH hardening via three-body interactions. Compared to non-radiative hydrodynamical runs, the SMBH merger time-scales measured from the runs including cooling, stellar and SMBH physical processes tend to be shortened by a factor of ${\sim}1.7$. After fixing the eccentricity to the range of $e \sim 0.6$--$0.8$ during the hardening phase, the simulations with AGN feedback reveal merger time-scales of ${\sim} 100$--$500$ Myr for disc mergers and ${\sim} 1$--$2$ Gyr for elliptical mergers. With a semi-analytical approach, we find that the torque interaction between the binary and its circumbinary disc has minimal impact on the shrinking of the binary orbit in our retrograde galaxy merger. Our results are useful in improving the modelling of SMBH merger time-scales and gravitational wave event rates., Comment: 18 pages, 8 main + 3 appendix figures, renamed as RABBITS I, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Galaxies of different types are not equally distributed in the Local Universe. In particular, the supergalactic plane is prominent among the brightest ellipticals, but inconspicuous among the brightest disk galaxies. This striking difference provides a unique test for our understanding of galaxy and structure formation. Here we use the SIBELIUS DARK constrained simulation to confront the predictions of the standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model and standard galaxy formation theory with these observations. We find that SIBELIUS DARK reproduces the spatial distributions of disks and ellipticals and, in particular, the observed excess of massive ellipticals near the supergalactic equator. We show that this follows directly from the local large-scale structure and from the standard galaxy formation paradigm, wherein disk galaxies evolve mostly in isolation, while giant ellipticals congregate in the massive clusters that define the supergalactic plane. Rather than being anomalous as earlier works have suggested, the distributions of giant ellipticals and disks in the Local Universe and in relation to the supergalactic plane are key predictions of the $\Lambda$CDM model., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, published in Nature Astronomy

In this study of the `Resolving supermAssive Black hole Binaries In galacTic hydrodynamical Simulations' (RABBITS) series, we investigate the orbital evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) during galaxy mergers. We simulate both disc and elliptical galaxy mergers using the KETJU code, which can simultaneously follow galaxy (hydro-)dynamics and small-scale SMBH dynamics with post-Newtonian corrections. With our SMBH binary subgrid model, we show how active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback affects galaxy properties and SMBH coalescence. We find that simulations without AGN feedback exhibit excessive star formation, resulting in merger remnants that deviate from observed properties. Kinetic AGN feedback proves more effective than thermal AGN feedback in expelling gas from the centre and quenching star formation. The different central galaxy properties, which are a result of distinct AGN feedback models, lead to varying rates of SMBH orbital decay. In the dynamical friction phase, galaxies with higher star formation and higher SMBH masses possess denser centres, become more resistant to tidal stripping, experience greater dynamical friction, and consequently form SMBH binaries earlier. As AGN feedback reduces gas densities in the centres, dynamical friction by stars dominates over gas. In the SMBH hardening phase, compared to elliptical mergers, disc mergers exhibit higher central densities of newly formed stars, resulting in accelerated SMBH hardening and shorter merger time-scales (i.e. $\lesssim 500$ Myr versus $\gtrsim 1$ Gyr). Our findings highlight the importance of AGN feedback and its numerical implementation in understanding the SMBH coalescing process, a key focus for low-frequency gravitational wave observatories., Comment: 24 pages, 10 main + 4 appendix figures, renamed as RABBITS II, submitted to MNRAS

Background: Device-based measurements of physical behavior, using the current methods, place a large burden on participants. The Motus system could reduce this burden by removing the necessity for in-person meetings, replacing diaries written on paper with digital diaries, and increasing the automation of feedback generation. Objective: This study aims to describe the development of the Motus system and evaluate its potential to reduce participant burden in a two-phase usability evaluation. Methods: Motus was developed around (1) a thigh-worn accelerometer with Bluetooth data transfer; (2) a smartphone app containing an attachment guide, a digital diary, and facilitating automated data transfer; (3) a cloud infrastructure for data storage; (4) an analysis software to generate feedback for participants; and (5) a web-based app for administrators. We recruited 19 adults with a mean age of 45 (SD 11; range 27-63) years, of which 11 were female, to assist in the two-phase evaluation of Motus. A total of 7 participants evaluated the usability of mockups for a smartphone app in phase 1. Participants interacted with the app while thinking aloud, and any issues raised were classified as critical, serious, or minor by observers. This information was used to create an improved and functional smartphone app for evaluation in phase 2. A total of 12 participants completed a 7-day free-living measurement with Motus in phase 2. On day 1, participants attempted 20 system-related tasks under observation, including registration on the study web page, reading the information letter, downloading and navigating the smartphone app, attaching an accelerometer on the thigh, and completing a diary entry for both work and sleep hours. Task completion success and any issues encountered were noted by the observer. On completion of the 7-day measurement, participants provided a rating from 0 to 100 on the System Usability Scale and participated in a semistructured interview aimed at understa