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With the rapid development of information technology, the integration of multimedia technology and traditional institutional systems is increasing. However, at present, the establishment and construction of the higher education system in China are not proportional, the function is vague, and the communication efficiency is not high. The reason for this phenomenon is that the traditional higher education management system has been unable to meet the needs of information society and information integration and it is unable to meet the increasing demand for higher education. Therefore, based on the above reasons, it is very important and has long-term strategic significance to establish an efficient and convenient higher education management system based on today’s Internet multimedia technology in a timely and reasonable manner. This paper analyzes the current status of the higher education management system and the problems that are arisen and proposes a three-dimensional integrated management system based on the innovation of Internet multimedia technology. At the same time, aiming at the urgent needs of the current lifelong education of higher education, a reasonable system of higher education diversion is established to focus on solving the phenomenon of imbalanced proportions, ambiguous functions, and low communication efficiency. In the final practical part of this paper, the system model of the three-dimensional integrated education system and the corresponding practical solution to the education diversion are given. After discussion, it has practical application value. The results of the research have shown the effectiveness of the proposed study.

Conversion of alkynes into ketones by hydration is one of the most fundamental organic addition reactions. Traditional methods for alkyne hydration suffer from usage of toxic and costly metals, excessive acids, harsh conditions, and long reaction times, bringing about an urgent desire to explore more efficient and green protocols to complete this transformation. A metal-free efficient protocol for the accelerated hydration of alkynes in microdroplets was successfully developed in this work to overcome these drawbacks. The hydration process was finished under room temperature using only 18 mol % sulfuric acid as the catalyst and acetonitrile as the solvent. Complete conversions were feasible on the low millisecond time scale in microdroplets for a wide range of alkynes bearing functional groups, including electron-withdrawing groups and electron-donating groups. This is in sharp contrast to trace amounts of ketones or none in 20 min in bulk phase. Compared to the bulk reaction under the same conditions, the reactions in microdroplets are accelerated by 4 to 5 orders of magnitude as seen by the increase in measured rate constants. Further, the accelerated microdroplet hydration can be scaled up to an acetophenone amount of 57.2 ± 0.1 mg min–¹ (3.43 ± 0.01 g h–¹) by using 2 mol L–¹ phenylacetylene sprayed at 300 μL min–¹. The microdroplet protocol offers several advantages including ultrahigh acceleration, complete conversion, mild reaction conditions (metal, light, and heat free), and minimal post purification, as well as a wide substrate scope, making it attractive for green and sustainable chemistry.

After periodontal treatment, the local inflammatory environment surrounding periodontal tissues cannot be entirely eliminated. The means by which alveolar bone repair and regeneration are promoted in inflammatory environments have important clinical significance. As a powerful protein that promotes the differentiation of osteocytes, semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) shows potential for bone regeneration therapy. However, the effect of Sema3A on osteogenic differentiation in an inflammatory environment, as well as the underlying mechanism, have not yet been explored. We used lentivirus to transduce rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) to stably overexpress Sema3A. Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (E. coli LPS) was used to stimulate rBMSCs to establish an inflammatory environment. ALP staining, Alizarin red staining, ALP activity tests, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to elucidate the effect of Sema3A on the osteogenesis of rBMSCs in inflammatory environments. XAV939 and LiCl were used to determine whether the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was involved in attenuating the inhibition of Sema3A-induced osteogenic differentiation by LPS. The qRT-PCR and Western blot results demonstrated that the lentiviral vector (LV-NC) and lentiviral-Sema3A (LV-Sema3A) were successfully transduced into rBMSCs. An inflammatory environment could be established by stimulating rBMSCs with 1 μg/ml E. coli LPS. After Sema3A overexpression, mineral deposition was exacerbated, and the BSP and Runx2 gene and protein expression levels were increased. Furthermore, E. coli LPS activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and decreased rBMSC osteogenesis, but these effects were attenuated by Sema3A. In conclusion, Sema3A could protect BMSCs from LPS-mediated inhibition of osteogenic differentiation in inflammatory environments by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Summary Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. DCs can sense endogenous and exogenous antigens and present those antigens to T cells to induce an immune response or immune tolerance. During activation, alternative splicing (AS) in DCs is dramatically changed to induce cytokine secretion and upregulation of surface marker expression. PTBP1, an RNA‐binding protein, is essential in alternative splicing, but the function of PTBP1 in DCs is unknown. Here, we found that a specific deficiency of Ptbp1 in DCs could increase MHC II expression and perturb T‐cell homeostasis without affecting DC development. Functionally, Ptbp1 deletion in DCs could enhance antitumour immunity and asthma exacerbation. Mechanistically, we found that Pkm alternative splicing and a subset of Ifn response genes could be regulated by PTBP1. These findings revealed the function of PTBP1 in DCs and indicated that PTBP1 might be a novel therapeutic target for antitumour treatment., Ptbp1 deletion in DCs could enhance antitumour immunity and asthma exacerbation. Pkm alternative splicing and a subset of Ifn response genes could be regulated by PTBP1.

Objectives: To present the clinical features of and diagnostic methods used for macular coloboma (MC), and to analyze the factors associated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients wit...

Three-dimensional (3D) stereophotography area measurements are essential for describing morphology in the periocular region. However, its reliability has not yet been sufficiently validated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 3D stereophotogrammetric area measurements in the periocular region. Forty healthy volunteers had five flat paper objects placed at each of the seven periocular positions including the endocanthion and the upper medial, upper middle, upper lateral, lower medial, lower middle, and the lower lateral eyelid. Two series of photographic images were captured twice by the same investigator. Each image of the first series was measured twice by the same rater, while images of both series were measured once by a second rater. Differences between these measurements were calculated, and the intrarater, interrater, and intramethod reliability was evaluated for intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), mean absolute differences (MADs), technical errors of measurements (TEMs), relative errors of measurements (REMs), and relative TEM (rTEM). Our results showed that 21.2% of all ICCs were considered as excellent, 45.5% were good, 27.3% were moderate, and 6.1% were poor. The interrater ICC for the endocanthion location was 0.4% on a low level. MAD values for all objects were less than 0.3 mm2, all TEM were less than 1 mm2, the REM and rTEM were less than 2% for all objects, showing high reliability. 3D stereophotogrammetry is a highly reliable system for periocular area measurements and may be used in the clinical routine for planning oculoplastic surgeries and for evaluating changes in periocular morphology.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

The compound nitrapyrin is easily adsorbed by soil organic matter in high-organic matter soils, and this results in its effectiveness reducing significantly. In this study, the adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of nitrapyrin as an adsorptive on humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) as adsorbents were investigated. The results showed that the kinetics of adsorption of nitrapyrin on both HA and FA followed pseudo-second-order kinetic models (R2 ≥ 0.925, P < 0.05) and the adsorption process included an initial fast-adsorption stage and a slow-adsorption stage thereafter. The adsorption efficiencies of nitrapyrin on HA + FA were higher than that on HA or FA alone, and that of HA was higher than that of FA. The adsorption isotherms of nitrapyrin on HA and FA could be optimally fitted with the Langmuir equation (R2 ≥ 0.982, P < 0.05). The maximum adsorption capacities of nitrapyrin on HA, FA and HA + FA were 4896.49, 3173.70 and 4925.56 mg kg−1, respectively. Synergistic adsorption of nitrapyrin in co-existing systems of HA and FA was also observed. The adsorption mechanism of nitrapyrin on both HA and FA involved hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. Therefore, HA and FA in the soil environment can adsorb a large amount of nitrapyrin and reduce its effectiveness, and they have a positive synergistic effect.

Pandemic influenza, typically caused by the reassortment of human and avian influenza viruses, can result in severe or fatal infections in humans. Timely identification of potential pandemic viruses must be a priority in influenza virus surveillance. However, the range of host species responsible for the generation of novel pandemic influenza viruses remains unclear. In this study, we conducted serological surveys for avian and human influenza virus infections in farmed mink and determined the susceptibility of mink to prevailing avian and human virus subtypes. The results showed that farmed mink were commonly infected with human (H3N2 and H1N1/pdm) and avian (H7N9, H5N6, and H9N2) influenza A viruses. Correlational analysis indicated that transmission of human influenza viruses occurred from humans to mink, and that feed source was a probable route of avian influenza virus transmission to farmed mink. Animal experiments showed that mink were susceptible and permissive to circulating avian and human influenza viruses, and that human influenza viruses (H3N2 and H1N1/pdm), but not avian viruses, were capable of aerosol transmission among mink. These results indicate that farmed mink could be highly permissive “mixing vessels” for the reassortment of circulating human and avian influenza viruses. Therefore, to reduce the risk of emergence of novel pandemic viruses, feeding mink with raw poultry by-products should not be permitted, and epidemiological surveillance of influenza viruses in mink farms should be urgently implemented.

This communication reports a simple and efficient fluorescent biosensing platform to simultaneously detect multiplexed DNA depending on porous organic polymer (POP) nanospheres by electrostatic attraction and π–π stacking interaction.

Transparent conductive films (TCFs) based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) are becoming one of the best candidates in realizing flexible optoelectronic devices. The AgNW-based TCF is usually prepared by coating AgNWs on a transparent polymer film; however, the coated AgNWs easily detach from the polymer underneath because of the weak adhesion between them. Herein, a network of AgNWs is embedded in the transparent hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose film, which has a strong adhesion with the AgNWs. The obtained TCF shows high optical transmittance (>85%), low roughness (rms = 4.8 ± 0.5 nm), and low haze (

With the development of artificial intelligence and image processing technology, more and more intelligent diagnosis technologies are used in cervical cancer screening. Among them, the detection of cervical lesions by thin liquid-based cytology is the most common method for cervical cancer screening. At present, most cervical cancer detection algorithms use the object detection technology of natural images, and often only minor modifications are made while ignoring the specificity of the complex application scenario of cervical lesions detection in cervical smear images. In this study, the authors combine the domain knowledge of cervical cancer detection and the characteristics of pathological cells to design a network and propose a booster for cervical cancer detection (CCDB). The booster mainly consists of two components: the refinement module and the spatial-aware module. The characteristics of cancer cells are fully considered in the booster, and the booster is light and transplantable. As far as the authors know, they are the first to design a CCDB according to the characteristics of cervical cancer cells. Compared with baseline (Retinanet), the sensitivity at four false positives per image and average precision of the proposed method are improved by 2.79 and 7.2%, respectively.

In this study, the preparation of apricot kernel shell biochar by a hydrothermal method and its adsorption mechanism for atrazine was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectrum (FTIR) analytical techniques. The results show that the biochar prepared from the apricot kernel shell has an evenly distributed, nonaggregated carbon microsphere structure and contains a large number of oxygen-containing groups. The higher the preparation temperature is, the more functional groups exist and the better the potential adsorption performance is. The adsorption kinetics of atrazine on apricot kernel shell biochar were fitted with a quasi-second-order kinetic equation (R2 ≥ 0.995, p < 0.05). The isothermal adsorption data were in accordance with the Freundlich model (R2 ≥ 0.911, p < 0.05). The adsorption of atrazine on apricot kernel shell biochar includes two processes: surface adsorption and diffusion. The adsorption capacity of apricot kernel shell biochar for atrazine increases with increasing preparation temperature and decreases with increasing pH and Ca2+ concentration. The adsorption mechanism includes hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, biochar prepared from apricot shells, an agricultural waste, exhibits good adsorption performance for atrazine and has a good application prospect in addressing agricultural non-point source pollution, especially in pesticide residue pollution control.

Because of their unique properties and high biological activities, organophosphorus compounds have been used worldwide in agricultural, industrial, medicinal, and veterinary applications. Conventional strategies for direct phosphonylation suffer from the usage of stoichiometric or excessive metallic or nonmetallic catalysts and long reaction times under harsh conditions, leading to a strong desire for environment-friendly protocols for phosphonylation. A protocol for the accelerated phosphonylation of

Diaphorina citri is an important vector of Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. After feeding on young host plant shoots, the population of D. citri can increase significantly. Females also only lay eggs on young shoots. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of this phenomenon. Exogenous nutrient signals can affect the insulin signaling system of D. citri after feeding on young shoots. In this study, the expression of upstream factors DcILP1, DcILP2, and DcIR in the insulin signaling system of D. citri was upregulated after feeding on young shoots. After being silenced by RNA interference technology, the results showed that the number of oviposited eggs of D. citri was significantly decreased and the ovarian development was inhibited with severe vacuolation. In addition, detection using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that the upstream regulatory gene DcRheb of the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway and the downstream reproduction-related DcVg gene were also significantly downregulated. These results suggest that feeding upon young shoots may upregulate the expression levels of upstream factors DcILP1, DcILP2, and DcIR in the insulin signaling system. The signal will be through upregulating the expression of DcRheb, an upstream gene of the TOR signaling pathway. This in turn influences yolk metabolism, which eventually causes the ovaries of female D. citri to mature and therefore initiate oviposition behavior.

Objective Here, Our study aimed to find the plasma biomarkers related to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) through Liquid chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) technology. Methods Tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative LC/MS proteomics method was used to determine the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the plasma samples of 22 MS patients and 22 healthy controls. and the functional annotations of the DEPs were analyzed by GO and IPA. The candidate protein was validated by ELISA. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the predictive potential of the biomarker. Results LC/MS analysis of plasma proteomic identified 88 DEPs among the quantified 375 proteins, of which 39 proteins were up-regulated and 49 proteins were down-regulated. These proteins are involved in immunity/inflammation and Neurological diseases related pathways. A protein panel consisting of Alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) and Protein S100-A9 (S100A9) were with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.991. A MS treatment related protein, DPP4, was validated by ELISA. Conclusion DEPs related to MS can be found in the plasma proteome, which may become biomarkers for MS diagnosis. Our study layed the foundation for the further application plasma proteomics in the diagnosis of MS.

Background Cervical cancer is the most prevalent gynecological malignancies accompanied by high mortality, where finding a more effective therapeutic option for cervical cancer is necessary. The inhibitory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from the extracellular vesicles (EVs) of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was analyzed in cervical cancer. Methods Expression of miR-375 was examined by RT-qPCR in cervical cancer cell lines. The targeting relation between miR-375 and maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Isolated BMSCs were transfected with lentivirus-mediated vectors, followed by EV extraction. The morphology of EVs was then identified using a NanoSight particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The biological properties of cervical cancer cells were evaluated using Transwell, EdU, and TUNEL assays, respectively. Xenograft tumors in nude mice were observed to assess cervical tumorigenesis in vivo. Results Low expression of miR-375 and high expression of MELK were detected in cervical cancer samples. MELK was identified as the target gene of miR-375, which was negatively correlated with miR-375 levels. Overexpression of miR-375 suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells, but enhanced cell apoptosis by cooperating with downregulated MELK expression. miR-375 transferred from BMSC-derived EVs exerted the same effects on cell biological activities. Xenograft assays in vivo proved that miR-375 from BMSC-derived EVs inhibited tumor growth. Conclusion The present study highlighted the role of miR-375 from BMSC-derived EVs in suppressing the progression of cervical cancer, which may contribute to the discovery of novel potential biomarkers for cervical cancer therapy.

The behavior of molybdenum (Mo) isotopes during chemical weathering was investigated through analysis of saprolite and soil samples from two weathering profiles developed on Neogene basalts of Hainan Island in southern China. The Penglai and Nanyang profiles exhibit strong (mean ∼60 wt.% kaolinite) and extreme (mean ∼85 wt.% kaolinite) degrees of weathering, respectively. Our results show that light Mo isotopes are selectively retained in residual minerals, including kaolinite and hematite, whereas heavy Mo isotopes are preferentially leached out. Relative to the Mo-isotopic composition of the underlying unaltered parent basalt –0.38 ± 0.05 ‰ (2σ); vs. NIST 3134), the δ98/95Mo values of the overlying saprolite and surface soil at Penglai are modestly lower (–0.81 to –0.39‰) and higher (–0.35 to –0.12‰), respectively. In this profile, both δ98/95Mo and total organic carbon (TOC) decrease with depth, and their positive correlation in the soil layer (r = +0.99, p(α)

Cell segmentation is a critical step in histology images analysis. Recently, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has shown outstanding performance for various segmentation problems, however, the segmentation of histology images remains challenging due to the tight arrangement of cells and their weak boundaries. This paper proposes a novel architecture called Attention-based Mixture of Experts (Att-MoE) for nuclear and cytoplasmic segmentation in fluorescent histology images, which integrates multiple Expert networks using a single Gating network. Expert networks complement each other to accomplish sub-tasks under the direction of the Gating network, which enforces the adaptive use of multiple networks to complete the segmentation task. The Att-MoE also introduces attention gates and residual blocks in the Expert networks to improve segmentation accuracy. The attention gate is used to emphasize useful features and suppress irrelevant features for segmentation in a self-adaptive manner. On the other hand, residual blocks are employed to enhance gradient flow in training and improve the stability and segmentation accuracy of the network. Experiments on fluorescent histology images of mouse liver show that Att-MoE is superior to recent segmentation methods and has the potential for cancer diagnosis based on histology images.

Pigs are considered as important hosts or “mixing vessels” for the generation of pandemic influenza viruses. Systematic surveillance of influenza viruses in pigs is essential for early warning and preparedness for the next potential pandemic. Here, we report on an influenza virus surveillance of pigs from 2011 to 2018 in China, and identify a recently emerged genotype 4 (G4) reassortant Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus, which bears 2009 pandemic (pdm/09) and triple-reassortant (TR)-derived internal genes and has been predominant in swine populations since 2016. Similar to pdm/09 virus, G4 viruses bind to human-type receptors, produce much higher progeny virus in human airway epithelial cells, and show efficient infectivity and aerosol transmission in ferrets. Moreover, low antigenic cross-reactivity of human influenza vaccine strains with G4 reassortant EA H1N1 virus indicates that preexisting population immunity does not provide protection against G4 viruses. Further serological surveillance among occupational exposure population showed that 10.4% (35/338) of swine workers were positive for G4 EA H1N1 virus, especially for participants 18 y to 35 y old, who had 20.5% (9/44) seropositive rates, indicating that the predominant G4 EA H1N1 virus has acquired increased human infectivity. Such infectivity greatly enhances the opportunity for virus adaptation in humans and raises concerns for the possible generation of pandemic viruses.

About 5,400 heart transplantations are performed around the world annually. Survival in allograft recipients has improved substantially over the years with effective immunosuppressive therapy. However, acute cellular or antibody-mediated allograft rejection in the first 6 to 12 months remains a

Myocardial infarction (MI), a life-threatening cardiac event, results in extreme damage to the heart muscle. In this study, we were committed to exploring the role and related mechanisms of microRNA-181a-5p (miR-181a-5p) in MIin vitro. Firstly, we established the MIin vitro cell model by subjecting H9c2 cells to hypoxia. We found that miR-181a-5p was significantly increased in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells. Then, TargetScan and dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the binding sites between Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and miR-181a-5p. SIRT1 was significantly reduced in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells. Next, we explored the effect of miR-181a-5p inhibitor on hypoxiainduced H9c2 cell injury. The findings indicated that miR-181a-5p inhibitor significantly reduced creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) production enhanced by hypoxia treatment. Moreover, miR-181a-5p inhibitor increased mitochondrial viability in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells. MTT assay showed that miR-181a-5p inhibitor enhanced hypoxia-induced H9c2 cell viability, and flow cytometry assay indicated that miR-181a-5p inhibitor reduced H9c2 cell apoptosis. ELISA assay indicated that compared with hypoxia treatment group, miR-181a-5p inhibitor decreased the secretion of inflammatory factor such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β . Finally, Western blot assay showed that miR-181a-5p inhibitor decreased the expression of p-p65, indicating the inhibition on NF- κB signaling pathway activation. However, all these effects of miR-181a-5p inhibitor on hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells were reversed by SIRT1-siRNA. Taken together, miR-181a-5p inhibitor protected against hypoxia-induced H9c2 cell injury by targeting SIRT1.

Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) which combines Rutherford backscattering (RBS), D(3He,p)4He nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and chemical etching, is employed to detect the depth profiles of deuterium, titanium and molybdenum in metal hydride films (TiDx/Mo). Using this analysis technique, not only the depth resolutions of better than 70 nm for both Ti and Mo were achieved, but also there is no change in D content after the etching. Both secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) have been also used to analyze the effect of Ti-Mo interdiffusion on the D concentration.

Experiments were conducted to study the adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption mechanism of nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin onto the black soil of northeastern China. The nitrapyrin adsor...

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been proven effective in converting biomechanical energy into electrical energy, which is expected to be a new energy supply device for wearable electronics and can be utilized as a self-powered sensor. In this work, we have developed a flexible, eco-friendly, and multifunctional fish gelatin based triboelectric nanogenerator (FG-TENG) composed of fish gelatin (FG) film and poly(tetrafluoroethylene)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PTFE/PDMS) composite film. The open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), and output power density of this FG-TENG could reach up to 130 V, 0.35 μA, and 45.8 μW cm-2, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of TENGs based on other commonly used positive friction materials such as aluminum foil, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and print paper. The superior performance of the FG-TENG is attributed to the strong electron-donating ability of the FG during the triboelectric process. The generated electric energy was high enough to light up 50 commercial light-emitting diodes (LEDs) directly. Importantly, owing to the high stability and excellent sensitivity of the FG-TENG, it has been used as a self-powered sensor for real-time monitoring of the human physiological signals such as finger touch, joint movement, and respiration. Furthermore, to expand the usages in real-life applications, a foldable FG-TENG was fabricated by adopting the Miura folding to monitor human movements in real time. This work provides an economical, simple, and environmental-friendly approach to fabricate a biomechanical energy harvester, which has a great potential in powering next-generation wearable electronics and monitoring human physiological signals.

Fluorine stability in the soil is crucial to protecting the groundwater and the food chain from pollution by fluorine, which was abundantly present (762.78-1330.66 mg/kg) in soda saline-alkali soil areas of western Jilin Province. This study investigated the fluorine distribution and pollution level in soil. Two representative areas in Zhenlai County, namely Chagan and Hatu villages, were selected to gather soda saline-alkali soil profiles (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) from different cultivation years (i.e. 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 15, 18, and 20). The results revealed that fluorine content in soil decreased with increasing cultivation years. In the soil profiles, fluorine and water-soluble fluorine concentrations followed the order of 40-6020-400-20 cm, while the contents of exchangeable and organic matter-bound fluorine decreased with the increasing profile depth. Rice planting increased the content of macroaggregates with diameters2 and 2-0.25 mm, which significantly improved the aggregate structure of the soil. The fluorine content was the greatest in microaggregate with particle sizes0.053 mm in the aggregates' sizes. Rice planting in saline-alkali soil reduced the contents of water-soluble and exchangeable fluorine, while enhancing the content of organic matter-bound fluorine, thereby reducing the bioavailability of fluorine in the soil and the risk of fluorine migration through the groundwater. The degree of soil pollution decreased with increasing plantation years, and the soil became slightly polluted after 15 years of rice planting. The rice plants grew normally after years of improving fluorine-containing saline-alkali land, and the fluorine content was within the safe limit.

For influenza A viruses (IAVs), non-structural protein 1 (NS1) protein was recognized to be the key factor to enhance virulence by antagonizing host innate anti-viral responses. However, for the pathways allowing NS1 to regulate the type I interferon (IFN) response, the identification of the substrates was still incomplete. Here a recombinant IAV encoding a NS1 containing an affinity tag (NS1-Strep) was generated to capture the NS1-interactome in the lungs of infected mice. Several scaffold proteins of the 14-3-3 family were distinguished as the most potent candidates. Based on the conserved motif RxxTxxT of NS1, the interaction between NS1 and 14-3-3ε was enabled, which competed for the binding of RIG-I to 14-3-3ε and prevented RIG-I translocation to the adaptor MAVS, consequently inhibiting IFN-β expression. A recombinant mutant IAV deficient in 14-3-3ε binding elicited a markable innate immune responses and showed impaired growth kinetics.

As enzymes in the outer membrane of the mitochondrion, monoamine oxidases (MAOs) can catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines in the human body. According to different substrates, MAOs can be divided into MAO-A and MAO-B. The imbalance of the MAO-A is associated with neurological degeneration, while excess MAO-B activity is closely connected with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, detection of MAOs is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. This work reports the multiplexed detection of MAO-A and MAO-B using paper-based devices based on chemiluminescence (CL). The detection limits were 5.01 pg/mL for MAO-A and 8.50 pg/mL for MAO-B in human serum. In addition, we used paper-based devices to detect MAOs in human cells and tissue samples and found that the results of paper-based detection and Western blotting (WB) showed the same trend. While only one antibody can be incubated on the same membrane by WB, multiple antibodies incubated on the same paper enabled simultaneous detection of MAO-A and MAO-B by paper-based devices. The paper-based assay could be used for preliminary early screening of clinical samples for MAOs and can be extended as an alternative to WB for multiplexed detection of various proteins in disease cell or tissue samples.

Toxicity, mobility, bioavailability and biofunctions of chromium, cadmium, mercury and lead are heavily dependent upon their specific chemical forms, leading to a high demand to metal speciation analysis rather than total quantification. Simultaneous speciation analysis of multiple metal(loid)s is attractive to a large sample capacity containing unstable analytes due to its economic and environmental advantages over the conventional single elemental strategies. In this work, an analytical method integrating online solid phase extraction into high performance liquid chromatography interfaced with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to simultaneously preconcentrate and quantify Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb forms in pg L