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Summary: The directional rebound and transport of water droplets plays an important role in microfluidic devices, anti-fogging, and water harvesting. Herein, an extrusion compression molding and directional stretch demolding method was used to prepare a polypropylene (PP) surface with tilt micro/nanopillars with a contact angle of 157 ± 3°. The rolling angle is the highest (9 ± 4°) when the direction of rotation is opposite the tilt direction of the micro/nanopillars, showing excellent water repellency and anisotropy of the surface. Compared with the position of the first collision of the water droplet, the position of the second collision shifted ∼1.5 mm along the tilt direction of the micro/nanopillars, driven by the surface tension component during the collision. The directional rebound behavior is controlled by the droplet energy and the tilt angle. The micro/nanopillars demonstrate excellent self-cleaning property and mechanical durability, which shows the possibility of their practical engineering applications.

Objective: This study aimend to explore the appropriate transformation path of regulatory power for food safety "social co-governance". Methods: The state of "social co-governance" mode of food safety was analyzed and the possible secondary risks of "decentralization" of regulatory authority were analyzed, so as to explain the rational transformation of regulatory authority. Results: The blind decentralization of regulatory power will cause the policy risks of governance loss and disorder, leading to greater food safety accidents. Conclusion: It is necessary to make clear the transformation of "strict supervision to refinement and flexibility", adhere to the transformation of "basic rights of social co-governance" and "actively cultivate and stimulate the governance rationality of multiple subjects".

As improper inspection of construction works can cause an increase in project costs and a decrease in project quality, construction inspection is considered a critical factor for project success. While traditional inspection tasks are still mainly labor-intensive and time-consuming, computer vision has the potential to revolutionize the construction inspection process by providing more efficient and effective ways to monitor the progress and quality of construction projects. However, previous studies have also indicated that the performance of vision-based site monitoring heavily relies on the volume of training data. To address the issues of challenging data collection at construction sites, this study developed models using transfer learning-based object detection models incorporating data augmentation and transfer learning. The performance of three object detection algorithms was compared based on average precision and inference time for detecting T/S bolt fastening of steel structure. Despite the limited training data available, the model’s performance was improved through data augmentation and transfer learning. The proposed inspection model can increase the efficiency of quality control works for building construction projects and the safety of inspectors.

Background Bypass surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD) mainly used the middle cerebral artery (MCA) as the recipient artery. There is a high risk of ischemia in the blood supply area of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) during the perioperative period and follow ‐ up period. This study compared and analyzed the efficacy of superficial temporal artery (STA)‐ACA and STA‐MCA double barrel bypass and STA‐MCA double barrel bypass in the treatment of MMD. Methods In total 41 hemispheres of 32 ACA territory ischemic MMD patients were treated from January 2017 to December 2020 in The First Hospital of China Medical University. Separately performed STA‐ACA and STA‐MCA double barrel bypass and encephalo‐myo‐synangiosis (EMS; ACA group, 10 hemispheres of 10 patients) and STA‐MCA double barrel bypass and EMS (MCA group, 31 hemispheres of 25 patients). Compared and analyzed STA blood flow [including cut flow (CF), blood flow and cut flow index (CFI)], bypass vascular patency, cerebral perfusion [including the relative value of mean transit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV)], neurological prognosis [modified Rankin Scale (mRS)], and the cerebral ischemia and intracranial hemorrhage morbidity and mortality in perioperative period and follow‐up period. Results Thirty‐two patients successfully completed 41 hemisphere operations. Intraoperative STA CF value of ACA group was significantly lower than MCA group [24.00 (15.38, 53.00) ml/min vs. 47 (36, 70) ml/min; Z = ‐ 2.547, P = 0.011]. CFI of STA one week after operation of ACA group was significantly greater than MCA group [3.57 (1.66, 4.66) vs. 1.30 (0.75, 1.70); Z = ‐ 2.357, P = 0.018]. No statistical significance between 2 groups in STA blood flow one week after operation [82.00 (62.50, 103.00) ml/min vs. 75.00 (27.90, 104.50) ml/min; Z = ‐ 0.221, P = 0.825]. The ACA group anastomotic patency rate was 12/12 and the MCA group was 81.58% (31/38), the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.268, P = 0.260). Bilateral frontal ischemia was observed in one hemisphere operation (1/10) in ACA group at perioperative period. Frontal ischemia was observed in 4 hemisphere operations (12.90%) and hemorrhagic temporal occipital infarction was observed in one hemisphere operation (3.23%) in MCA group at perioperative period. There was no statistically significant difference in the morbidity between 2 groups (Fisher exact probability: P = 1.000). No cerebral ischemia, intracranial hemorrhage and death occurred in ACA group, and surgical side frontal ischemia was observed in one hemisphere operation one year after operation in MCA group. There was no statistically significant difference in the morbidity between 2 groups (Fisher exact probability: P = 1.000). ACA group improved in 6 hemisphere operations (6/10), no changed in 3 hemisphere operations (3/10), deteriorated in one hemisphere operation (1/10). MCA group improved in 10 hemisphere operations (32.26%), no changed in 17 hemisphere operations (54.84%), deteriorated in 4 hemisphere operations (12.90%). There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups (Z = ‐ 1.355, P = 0.223). Conclusions The STA‐ACA and STA‐MCA double barrel bypass in the treatment of ACA territory ischemic MMD patients can obtain good anastomotic patency rate and satisfactory long‐term efficacy. Compared with the STA‐MCA double barrel bypass, this surgery can obtain higher STA CFI, while long‐term outcomes of patients were the same.

Abstract With an increasing aging society, China is the world’s fastest growing markets for oral implants. Compared with traditional oral implants, immediate implants cause marginal bone resorption and increase the failure rate of osseointegration, but the mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, it is important to further study mechanisms of tension stimulus on osteoblasts and osteoclasts at the early stage of osseointegration to promote rapid osseointegration around oral implants. The results showed that exosomes containing circ_0008542 from MC3T3-E1 cells with prolonged tensile stimulation promoted osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Circ_0008542 upregulated Tnfrsf11a (RANK) gene expression by acting as a miR-185-5p sponge. Meanwhile, the circ_0008542 1916-1992 bp segment exhibited increased m6A methylation levels. Inhibiting the RNA methyltransferase METTL3 or overexpressing the RNA demethylase ALKBH5 reversed osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption induced by circ_0008542. Injection of circ_0008542 + ALKBH5 into the tail vein of mice reversed the same effects in vivo. Site-directed mutagenesis study demonstrated that 1956 bp on circ_0008542 is the m6A functional site with the abovementioned biological functions. In conclusion, the RNA methylase METTL3 acts on the m6A functional site of 1956 bp in circ_0008542, promoting competitive binding of miRNA-185-5p by circ_0008542, and leading to an increase in the target gene RANK and the initiation of osteoclast bone absorption. In contrast, the RNA demethylase ALKBH5 inhibits the binding of circ_0008542 with miRNA-185-5p to correct the bone resorption process. The potential value of this study provides methods to enhance the resistance of immediate implants through use of exosomes releasing ALKBH5.

Novel rape seedling peel-derived biochars (BCs) prepared by vacuum pyrolysis were used as cost-saving and sustainable biosorbents for wastewater remediation. The adsorption properties of BCs for p-nitrophenol (PNP) were investigated. The results showed that BC400 prepared at 400°C possessed the highest adsorption capacity of 55.78 mg g−1 towards PNP. Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Zeta potential analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area analyses were performed to characterise the physicochemical properties of BC samples. The microporous structure and abundant surface heteroatomic functional groups of BC400 were confirmed. The effects of adsorption conditions (contact time, temperature, initial PNP solution pH, initial PNP concentration) on the adsorption of PNP by BC400 were investigated. Adsorption behaviour was more consistent with the linear Freundlich model and linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption of PNP on BC400 was a spontaneous endothermic process, and the disorder degree increased after adsorption. In addition, the adsorption capacities of BC400 for different phenols including hydroquinone, 3-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol (AN) and tert-butyl hydroquinone were compared, and the mechanism was also proposed. BC400 with aromatic and heteroatom-containing functional groups could interact effectively with PNP through various intermolecular interactions including π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction. Reusability assessment indicated BC400 remained high removal rate even after 10 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]