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El flat design es una tendencia que nace del diseño web y que combina funcionalidad y estética, simplificando formas y colores para favorecer el recuerdo. Esta investigación analiza la percepción cognitiva que los jóvenes tienen hacia las marcas automovilísticas en términos de recuerdo y representación y el papel que el diseño plano desempeña. Para ello, se ha utilizado una herramienta de dibujo online para recopilar 45 dibujos realizados por estudiantes universitarios de entre 20 y 30 años pertenecientes a diferentes grados y de distintas universidades españolas. Los resultados corroboran que las marcas gráficas más representadas fueron las más sencillas gráficamente.

Health and disease emerge from intricate interactions between genotypes, phenotypes, and environmental features. The outcomes of such interactions are context-dependent, existing as a dynamic continuum ranging from benefits to damage. In host-microbial interactions, both the host and environmental conditions modulate the pathogenic potential of a microorganism. Microbial interactions are the core of the agricultural systems of ants in the subtribe Attina, which cultivate basidiomycete fungi for food. The fungiculture environment harbors a diverse microbial community, including fungi in the genus Escovopsis that has been studied as damage-causing agent. Here, we consider the ant colony as a host and investigate to what extent its health impacts the dynamics and outcomes of host-Escovopsis interactions. We found that different ant fungal cultivars vary in susceptibility to the same Escovopsis strains in plate-assays interactions. In subcolony-Escovopsis interactions, while healthy subcolonies gradually recover from infection with different concentrations of Escovopsis conidia, insecticide-treated subcolonies evidenced traits of infection and died within 7 days. The opportunistic nature of Escovopsis infections indicates that diseases in attine fungiculture are a consequence of host susceptibility, rather than the effect of a single microbial agent. By addressing the host susceptibility as a major modulator of Escovopsis pathogenesis, our findings expand the understanding of disease dynamics within attine colonies.

Introducción: La identificación de los principales factores clínico-epidemiológicos que determinan causas de mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados es una necesidad apremiante, principalmente cuando los esfuerzos realizados en la actualidad no permiten asumir acciones fundamentadas en la identificación de las causas de dicho evento. Objetivo: Establecer cuáles son los factores pronósticos de mortalidad por agente infeccioso en un hospital de alta complejidad de la ciudad de Cartagena- Colombia. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo, con muestra proyectada de 86 casos y 258 controles, en una relación 1:3, que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad respectivos y en los que realizaron análisis bivariados y posteriormente un análisis multivariado que incluyó métodos de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: El riesgo de mortalidad en el análisis multivariado está determinado por variables como sexo masculino (ORa 1,695 IC 95 %: 1,005-2,856); Cáncer (ORa 2,389 IC 95 % 1,230-4,642); inmunosupresión (ORa 3,211 IC 95% 1,004-10,26); Ventilación mecánica (ORa 2,541 IC 95 % 1,128-5,722); Estancia en la UCI (ORa 2,331 IC 95 %1,227-4,425) e Infección por bacterias productoras de carbapenemasas (ORa 4,778 IC95 % 1,313-17,38). Conclusiones: En pacientes masculinos con cáncer o cualquier otra forma de inmunosupresión, en los que se requiera el uso del ventilador mecánico o estancia en la unidad de cuidado intensivo y que además desarrollen infecciones por bacterias productoras de carbapenemasas existe mayor riesgo de muerte por agente infeccioso.

This study aims to analyze the role of bots in the dissemination of health information, both in favor of and opposing vaccination against COVID-19. Study design: An observational, retrospective, time-limited study was proposed, in which activity on the social network Twitter was analyzed. Methods: Data related to pro-vaccination and anti-vaccination networks were compiled from 24 December 2020 to 30 April 2021 and analyzed using the software NodeXL and Botometer. The analyzed tweets were written in Spanish, including keywords that allow identifying the message and focusing on bots’ activity and their influence on both networks. Results: In the pro-vaccination network, 404 bots were found (14.31% of the total number of users), located mainly in Chile (37.87%) and Spain (14.36%). The anti-vaccination network bots represented 16.19% of the total users and were mainly located in Spain (8.09%) and Argentina (6.25%). The pro-vaccination bots generated greater impact than bots in the anti-vaccination network (p < 0.000). With respect to the bots’ influence, the pro-vaccination network did have a significant influence compared to the activity of human users (p < 0.000). Conclusions: This study provides information on bots’ activity in pro- and anti-vaccination networks in Spanish, within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter. It is found that bots in the pro-vaccination network influence the dissemination of the pro-vaccination message, as opposed to those in the anti-vaccination network. We consider that this information could provide guidance on how to enhance the dissemination of public health campaigns, but also to combat the spread of health misinformation on social media.

In recent years, the number of patients with ocular diseases is increasing as a consequence of population aging. Among them, one of the most common is the age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a condition that leads to vision loss if it is not treated. AMD is a multifactorial disorder with two advanced forms, dry and neovascular AMD. Currently, although there is no approved therapy that significantly impacts dry AMD progression, several pharmacologic therapies exist for neovascular AMD. Notwithstanding, evidence suggests a suboptimal result in a high number of patients receiving these therapeutic options. Consequently, finding effective strategies is not only a still unmet medical need in dry AMD but also in neovascular AMD. This underlines the need for new drug delivery technologies that can improve the pharmacological action and drug concentration at the target sites. In this regard, sustained drug delivery systems are presented as the most promising therapeutic options in AMD patients. This review summarized the pathogenesis and the current treatment options for AMD, focusing on the emerging ocular sustained drug delivery approaches undergoing clinical trials.

The laminae of leaves optimize photosynthetic rates by serving as a platform for both light capture and gas exchange, while minimizing water losses associated with thermoregulation and transpiration. Many have speculated that plants maximize photosynthetic output and minimize associated costs through leaf size, complexity, and shape, but a unifying theory linking the plethora of observed leaf forms with the environment remains elusive. Additionally, the leaf itself is a plastic structure, responsive to its surroundings, further complicating the relationship. Despite extensive knowledge of the genetic mechanisms underlying angiosperm leaf development, little is known about how phenotypic plasticity and selective pressures converge to create the diversity of leaf shapes and sizes across lineages. Here, we use wild tomato accessions, collected from locales with diverse levels of foliar shade, temperature, and precipitation, as a model to assay the extent of shade avoidance in leaf traits and the degree to which these leaf traits correlate with environmental factors. We find that leaf size is correlated with measures of foliar shade across the wild tomato species sampled and that leaf size and serration correlate in a species-dependent fashion with temperature and precipitation. We use far-red induced changes in leaf length as a proxy measure of the shade avoidance response, and find that shade avoidance in leaves negatively correlates with the level of foliar shade recorded at the point of origin of an accession. The direction and magnitude of these correlations varies across the leaf series, suggesting that heterochronic and/or ontogenic programs are a mechanism by which selective pressures can alter leaf size and form. This study highlights the value of wild tomato accessions for studies of both morphological and light-regulated development of compound leaves, and promises to be useful in the future identification of genes regulating potentially adaptive plastic leaf traits.

Se analiza la producción, temáticas y relaciones entre autoría y dirección de tesis doctorales sobre fotografía en España entre 2010 y 2020 desde una perspectiva de género. Se han aplicado técnicas bibliométricas tomando como fuente principal Dialnet y dos muestras de tesis en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades. Las 354 tesis en fotografía (54,52% mujeres autoras y 62,16% docentes hombres en roles de dirección), muestran un modelo académico débil para garantizar una constante producción científica.

Aims: To evaluate the association of estimated cardiovascular (CV) risk and subclinical atherosclerosis with radiographic structural damage in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods: Cross-sectional study including 114 patients axSpA from the SpA registry of Córdoba (CASTRO) and 132 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Disease activity and the presence of traditional CV risk factors were recorded. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were evaluated through carotid ultrasound and the SCORE index was calculated. Radiographic damage was measured though modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). The association between mSASSS and SCORE was tested using generalized linear models (GLM), and an age-adjusted cluster analysis was performed to identify different phenotypes dependent on the subclinical CV risk. Results: Increased traditional CV risk factors, SCORE, and the presence of carotid plaques were found in axSpA patients compared with HCs. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques and SCORE were associated with radiographic structural damage. The GLM showed that the total mSASSS was associated independently with the SCORE [β coefficient 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10–0.38] adjusted for disease duration, age, tobacco, C-reactive protein, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) intake. Hard cluster analysis identified two phenotypes of patients. Patients from cluster 1, characterized by the presence of plaques and increased cIMT, had a higher prevalence of CV risk factors and SCORE, and more structural damage than cluster two patients. Conclusion: Radiographic structural damage is associated closely with increased estimated CV risk: higher SCORE levels in axSpA patients were found to be associated independently with mSASSS after adjusting for age, disease duration, CRP, tobacco and NSAID intake.

Tal vez a más de uno extrañe el que se trate el tema del profetismo bíblico en un foro social y esto sucede porque en la mayoría de las veces tenemos de los profetas un concepto recortado y una visión unilateral. Quizás por cierta inercia cultural los seguimos considerando exclusivamente como anunciadores de Cristo y predicadores de una conversión meramente espiritualista. Si así pensamos, tenemos que modificar nuestra idea fruto de una información tradicional y poco profunda.

Objective. The objective was to identify the presence of the capacity for reflexive-critical thinking or similar, in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America. Methods. The article gathers the results of one of the objectives of the macro-project developed by the Iberian American Network on Nursing Education Research, titled Strategies to develop reflective and critical thinking in nursing students: Iberian America situation. To achieve this, a descriptive and exploratory research was conducted with qualitative approach. An instrument created for this project was used, along with some guiding questions to focus the information. Results. Eight countries participated (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela), which contributed information from 189 curricular plans. The R&CT was found in the majority of the curricula, although with diverse denominations. The principal learning strategies used were problem-based learning, group dynamics, reflective reading, clinical practice, and simulation laboratories. The evaluation methods used are the knowledge test, case analysis, and practical exam. Conclusion. Significant stress exists in the discourse and curricular organization. Incongruences were found and a clear inclination toward the formation of professionals with broad technical skills under a traditional, memory, banking and knowledge accumulation education.

This study aims at elucidating the environmental factors controlling benthic diatom diversity and uniqueness in Mediterranean mountain ponds. Samples of periphytic diatoms were collected in 45 ponds in Andalusia, south of Spain, and analysed by standard methods. Data analysis reveals that diatom diversity is mainly controlled by elevation and hydroperiod. Contrary to the usual findings in the literature, the highest scores on Shannon’s diversity index were found in high-elevation temporary ponds, but this effect is hidden by lake clustering in the analysed dataset. Significant distance-decay similarity (DDS) trends were detected in the analysis of floristic composition among the samples, stressing the importance of spatial factors that may override the effect of other abiotic factors. These findings highlight the role of isolation and dispersal limitation in the configuration of the biogeographical patterns of benthic diatoms.

Los sectores de la comunicación y el diseño se mueven en escenarios profesionales cambiantes y dinámicos, entre otras razones, debido a su participación en el mundo digital y las nuevas tecnologías interactivas. A través de las ofertas de empleo publicadas en Domestika, el principal portal especializado en el sector, podemos realizar un diagnóstico de los perfiles más demandados y mejor remunerados, pero también de los requisitos que se identifican con este tipo de perfiles. Este diagnóstico revela que, en el ámbito de la comunicación, lo digital lidera la oferta de empleo, aunque no siempre implique una mayor remuneración salarial. Existen perfiles profesionales vinculados a las redes sociales, actividad que normalmente identificamos como una tendencia digital, que presentan una remuneración inferior a lo esperado. Sin embargo, destacan los empleos vinculados al big data, el user experience (UX) y la coordinación de los departamentos de marketing digital y diseño como las ofertas de empleo mejor remuneradas. El perfil full-stack y su perspectiva integral, desde la experiencia de usuario hasta la infraestructura que soporta los servicios, aparece como una realidad entre este tipo de trabajos mejor pagados.

Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analyses in immortal populations are a powerful method for exploring the genetic mechanisms that control interactions of organisms with their environment. However, QTL analyses frequently do not culminate in the identification of a causal gene due to the large chromosomal regions often underlying QTLs. A reasonable approach to inform the process of causal gene identification is to incorporate additional genome-wide information, which is becoming increasingly accessible. In this work, we perform QTL analysis of the shade avoidance response in the Bayreuth-0 (Bay-0, CS954) x Shahdara (Sha, CS929) recombinant inbred line population of Arabidopsis. We take advantage of the complex pleiotropic nature of this trait to perform network analysis using co-expression, eQTL and functional classification from publicly available datasets to help us find good candidate genes for our strongest QTL, SAR2. This novel network analysis detected EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3; AT2G25930) as the most likely candidate gene affecting the shade avoidance response in our population. Further genetic and transgenic experiments confirmed ELF3 as the causative gene for SAR2. The Bay-0 and Sha alleles of ELF3 differentially regulate developmental time and circadian clock period length in Arabidopsis, and the extent of this regulation is dependent on the light environment. This is the first time that ELF3 has been implicated in the shade avoidance response and that different natural alleles of this gene are shown to have phenotypic effects. In summary, we show that development of networks to inform candidate gene identification for QTLs is a promising technique that can significantly accelerate the process of QTL cloning.

Treatment of actinic keratosis with 3% diclofenac sodium w/w in hyaluronic acid is associated with a concomitant improvement in signs of photodamaged skin. However this effect has not yet been examined in depth. Twenty patients with actinic keratosis and signs of photodamaged skin were studied. They received treatment with diclofenac sodium w/w in hyaluronic acid for 2 months. Clinical and reflectance confocal microscopy assessment on signs of photodamaged skin were performed. Regarding reflectance confocal microscopy, the most common descriptors were: irregular honeycomb pattern in 18/20 patients (90%), mottled pigmentation in 17/20 (85%), coarse collagen structures in all patients, and huddled collagen and curled bright structures in 16/20 (77.8%). After treatment, significant improvement in clinical parameters: irregular pigmentation and coarseness, and confocal parameters: irregular honeycomb pattern and mottled pigmentation, were noted. Reflectance confocal microscopy is a useful tool in monitoring changes in photodamaged skin after treatment. The use of diclofenac sodium w/w in hyaluronic acid is associated with an improvement in some clinical and reflectance confocal microscopy parameters of photodamaged skin.

El presente estudio analiza la contribución del MMPI-2 en la predicción del riesgo de violencia. Un total de 574 participantes componen los dos grupos ya establecidos: el grupo “Homicida”, integrado por 287 reclusos condenados por homicidio que están cumpliendo condena en diversas cárceles del Distrito Federal y del Estado de México, y el grupo “Nodelictivo”, formado por 287 participantes que no cometieron delito alguno, siendo un total de 215 varones y 72 mujeres en cada grupo. Se analizaron sus diferencias de medias, su tamaño del efecto (d de Cohen) y la precisión diagnóstica aportada por la curva ROC en el conjunto de escalas del MMPI-2. Los resultados muestran las escalas con mayor incidencia potencial del riesgo de violencia.

Cable driven robots have been a widely researched topic in the last few years, this is due to the advantages that they present over conventional parallel robots. In this paper, all the areas of robotic design have been studied for a planar cable driven robot, with the objective of making it parametric, meaning that the design process and mathematical models used in this paper could be used to implement the suggested architecture to solve any specific need. Finally, using the parametric design approach, a prototype was developed and built in order to validate the design process, evaluate the robot’s precision, identify future works and improvements and foresee any trouble that was not considered during the design phase.