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This paper measured the coordinated degree of transportation and economic development, and made a comparative analysis with the data of 31 provinces in China by the DEA method. The results showed: the coordinated degree of transportation and economic development in China was low, the average support degree of traffic system for economic development was 0.632, and the average degree of economic development for transportation was 0.753. From the three regions of east, center and west, the coordinated degree of transportation and economic development in eastern region was higher than that in the midwest.

The primary purpose of this study is to provide simple formulas for estimating the design wind loads denoted as gust effect factor for large-span domed roofs considering their dynamic response under wind excitation. In this paper, systematic parameter analysis for the gust effect factor of Kiewitt6-6 type domed roof structures have been performed with random simulation method in time domain, including geometric parameters, structural parameters and aerodynamic parameters. Moreover, an empirical formula for the gust effect factor is provided as a function of these parameters based on a statistical analysis, which can be conveniently used in wind-resistant design of these structures. The results indicate that the geometric parameters are the most important factor influencing the wind-induced response of domed roof structures, and the gust effect factor is well-proportioned, which is 3.0∼3.2 as a reference for the wind-resistant design.

The vertical impact damping system with multi-degree and multi-parameter has a complicated non-linear essence. To recognize its motion characteristics deeply, the paper experimentalized on cantilever beam damper system. First the mode parameters and inspiriting residences of the experiment device were identified, and after impact force with different frequencies and amplification were imposed on the system, lots of experiment data were gained. By plotting response phase figures of the system and combining experimental phenomena which could be observed, some conclusions about the non-linear of vertical impact damping system were drawn, what would provide references for many engineers.

Long-span continuous rigid bridge is sensitive to wind actions on largest double cantilever stage before closure. In order to analyze the performance of anti-wind during Rongjiang super-bridge construction, worst-case analysis of wind-induced response for several wind loads including various wind directions and attack angles have been performed using random simulation method in time domain. Based on the worst-case analysis, some measures for increasing its performance of anti-wind are discussed due to non-symmetric wind loads. The results indicate that the wind loads with +15° wind direction and +6° attack angle is the worst-case on largest double cantilever stage. In addition, the brace strut can increase the performance of anti-wind effectively, which would be a logical advice during bridge construction.

In order to determine the optimized parameters and offer logical advice for the design of truss and string structure, systematic parametric analysis for the mechanical behavior of the structure have been performed using ANSYS finite element software. Based on the discussion of effect with different factors, including ratio of string height to structural span, ratio of arch height to structural span, pre-tension value of the string, size of the truss, the optimized parameters for the design of truss and string structure are obtained. The results indicate that: (1) The ratio of string height to structural span (expressed as f 1 /L), and ratio of arch height to structural span (expressed as f 2 /L), are the most important factors influencing the mechanical behavior of the structure. The appropriate range of these two parameters is 0.05∼0.1 for f 1 /L and 0.05∼0.125 for f 2 /L respectively. (2) The pre-tension value of the string depends on the structural span, and the appropriate range of this parameter is 1200kN∼1400kN for the truss and string structure whose span is 110m. Moreover, the pre-tension value of the string would increase 200KN when the structural span increases 10m. (3) There is very little effect of the size of the truss for the mechanical behavior of the structure.

Viscoelastic structure, a type of passive energy dissipation structure, is widely applied in wind-resistant and aseismic structure because of its excellent performance in vibration suppression. The equations of motion under multi-dimensional seismic loads is formulated using the state space theory in this paper. The seismic response including translational response and lateral-torsional coupling response of a 6-story viscoelastic structure under seismic ground motion is analyzed respectively. Furthermore, it is emphasized on the effect of lateral-torsional coupling component in the analysis of multi-dimensional seismic response, and the characteristic of the rotational component in seismic loads. The results indicates that the effect of lateral-torsional coupling component cannot be ignored in the seismic response of eccentric viscoelastic structure, and the effect of lateral-torsional coupling increases with eccentric distance. Besides, the rotational component influences the seismic response in a certain way: the effect of rotational component increases with structural span, and its proportion in the multi-dimensional seismic response decreases with eccentric distance.

Pulverized coal with a mass average diameter of 69 μm and a real density of 1444 kg/m 3 was transported at an experimental bench for powder pneumatic conveying at pressurized conditions (up to 0.84 MPaA). Flow patterns of the pipe flow were observed by ECT (Electrical Capacitance Tomography) technologies. Differential pressures in horizontal pipes were measured. The ECT images showed a comprehensive evolvement of flow patterns with decreasing superficial gas velocities, consistent with Geldart's and Pan's descriptions. The differential pressures fluctuated in different modes for different gas-solid flow patterns inside the pipe. This paper indicated the differential pressure fluctuation as a useful feature to predict flow patterns at horizontal pipes.

There is growing recognition in developed countries that public scientific literacy is a basic component of long-term social and economic growth. In recent years, surveys of public scientific literacy have been conducted in the USA, the UK and elsewhere, and various efforts are being made to improve the level of public scientific literacy. The first survey of Chinese public scientific literacy was conducted in September 1990. This paper reports a portion of the statistical results of that survey. It reveals the Chinese public's level of understanding of scientific terms and methods, scientific conclusions, and attitudes towards the impact of science and technology on society. Comparisons are also made with survey data from the USA and the UK.

The traditional DEA model didn't consider the importance of input and output indicators when it analyzed the relative effectiveness of each DMU. In fact, the importance of the various indicators is greatly different for the demand side in terms of logistics services. This paper chooses the various input and output indicators by AHP, Especially considers the difference of indicators for demand-side and selects input and output indicators with high weight which can greatly improve the reliability of evaluation results.

AgSn18SbTe20 and Sn50Te50 thermoelectric materials are prepared by mechanical alloying from powder mixtures of the elements followed by plasma-activated sintering (653 K, 15 min).

This paper decomposes logistics output growth into technical efficiency change (ECH), technological progress change (TCH) and capital accumulation change (KCH) of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2007. It explores their respective contribution to the logistics growth and analyzes their effect to the convergence of logistics with Barro regression equation. The following conclusion can be derived: the contribution of TCH, ECH and KCH to logistics growth individually is 7.34%, 13.41% and 79.13% respectively. The growth of the logistics industry mainly depended on KCH rather than TCH and ECH in the past decade. Though the productivity of logistics industry in central and western regions is still lower than that in eastern region, the growth of output is higher in the western and central region than that in eastern region which indicates that the logistics growth rate in backward regions is faster than developed regions.

According to the method of Theil indexes, the paper starts by analyzing the difference of regional logistics development in China from 1980 to 2007. Then, the paper establishes deterministic model about regional logistics development with panel data, and it analyzes the influence of human capital, location, the regional logistics policy, market openness and the network of logistics to the development of regional logistics.

A bolometer imaging system mounted on different toroidal and poloidal locations used for radiation observation has been developed in the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak (J-TEXT tokamak). Three miniature pinhole AXUV16ELG (16 elements absolute extreme ultraviolet silicon photodiodes) array cameras, which are settled down in the same toroidal position but in three different poloidal places, can provide a broad viewing angle that covers the whole plasma cross-section, and hence can measure the total radiated power and provide the radiated emissive profile, while nine AXUV10EL (10 elements absolute extreme ultraviolet silicon photodiodes) array cameras are divided into three groups and will be mounted on different toroidal locations to observe the toroidal radiated power distribution. Among these detectors, one element of the AXUV16ELG array is absolutely calibrated by the synchrotron radiation source to verify the system reliability. Although there are some discrepancies between the typical responsivity given by IRD Co. and the calibrated results, it is confirmed that the discrepancies have no major effect on the final result after the simulation. The details of the system as well as observations are presented in the paper.

MSR (moisture separator reheater) has an important effect on the safe and economic operation of the steam turbine unit in the nuclear power plant. The thermodynamic calculation is the basic of design and operation of MSR. In this study, a new method of thermodynamic calculation of MSR is proposed. The calculated results indicated that the method can be used for the primary design and the check of heating surface area in MSR. Furthermore, the results verify previous research on the condensation in horizontal tube.

In this paper, selecting 25 of China's listed companies as ports, transport (air, highway, railway, river and maritime transport) logistics infrastructure and other industries were represented, evaluates the structure of logistics industry in terms of relative efficiency of input and output. Then, putting the data of 25 listed companies in 2007 into a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model as the value of indexes and analyzing the technology efficiency, the pure technology efficiency, scale efficiency about them. This paper provides new ideas and useful reference for the operating efficiency of the logistics industry.

The question of the objectivity of the clinical examination has been raised in relation to Western and non-Western medical systems. Western practitioners are often skeptical about Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), on the basis that its diagnostic variables and subcategories of disease appear subjective and not repeatable. We conducted a study investigating the reproducibility of individual diagnostic observations within three of the four diagnostic methods used in a TCM examination: inspection, palpation, and auscultation. Three TCM practitioners participated in the study, and examined 45 adults who had mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia but were otherwise healthy. Results indicated that while there are certain features of the TCM system that are highly objective and repeatable, such as detection of the presence of shen, character of breath sounds, and pulse speed, there are other features that are subjective and unreliable, such as color under the eyes and tongue body color. This poses a challenge for TCM practitioners to improve their clinical practice and demonstrates to Western medical practitioners that TCM does in part rest on a rigorous and objective empirical basis.

Properly understanding and calculating the distributions of heat flux and heat transfer coefficient (α) in the furnace is important in designing a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, especially with supercritical parameters. Experimental study on the heat transfer in a commercial 300MWe CFB boiler was conducted. The α from the bed to the water wall was measured by the finite element method (FEM), at five different heights. The influence of suspension density and bed temperature on α was analyzed. It was found that the pressure difference between the inlet and exit of the three cyclones, and the chamber pressure of the corresponding loop seal were not equal. The results indicated the suspension solid density was non-uniform in the cross section at a certain height. Consequently, the distributions of heat flux and α in the horizontal plane in the furnace was non-uniform. The furnace can divided into three sections according to the arrangement of the platen superheaters hanging in the upper CFB furnace. In each section, the heat flux near the center showed increasing trend.

CFB fly ash from separators was mixed with water or the mixture of water and additives under the temperature of 363K by use of a blender. Then, this compound of fly ash and water or additives was pumped into a CFB combustion chamber by a sludge pump. Because the temperature of flue gas was high in CFB, the fly ash was hydrated fast and agglomerated in the same time. Through this process, the size of agglomerating fly ash is larger than the original particle and the relative residence time of agglomerated fly ash in CFB becomes longer. Therefore, the rate of utility of calcium in fly ash improves and the content of carbon in fly ash decreases. This results in a low Ca/S and low operational cost for CFB boiler. The additive is one key factor, which affects the rate of desulfurization of agglomerated fly ash. Effect of different additives on rate of desulfurization is not same. Cement and limestone are beneficiated to sulfur removal of agglomerated fly ash, but sodium silicate does not devote to the rate of sulfur removal of agglomerated fly ash.

From learnerpsilas personality, research the human-computer interaction system in the LAN education; build up the theory of the human-computer interaction in the education LAN, analyze the human-computer interaction system character, according to its character, set up a human-computer interaction system model based on the learner's personality, analyze the key technology, accomplish the key technology in the personality of human-computer interaction. Just need to change a little software of the system, then it is suitable to the human-computer interaction in the industry control and machine auto control.

Surrounded noises degrade both audio and video qualities in a multimedia environment. This paper applies Gabor expansion to passive noise reduction of speech signals. The noise reduction method and performance via Gabor expansion are studied. The Gabor expansion with Gaussian prototype function has a property that its time and frequency product is minimal. The property makes the noise-only segment more clearly and the noise estimate more robustly.

For the better design of large scale CFB boilers, reliable multi-dimensional modeling which can be used to predict the heterogeneous distributions of gas and solid concentration as well as temperature in the furnace is necessary and demanded. A model describing the complex combustion process in a CFB boiler furnace has been developed. The model consists of several essential sub-parts: the hydrodynamics of the bed, combustion of fuel, and overall mass balance of the furnace. In the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study on hydrodynamics in a CFB boiler, the Euler-Euler approach is used, in which both gas and solid phases are considered as interpenetrating continua with the interaction through drag and energy dissipation caused by particle fluctuation. The constitutive equations for solid phase are derived from the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF). Some simplifications of the complicated theoretical equations with empirical correlations are adopted, to save computing time and skip the currently unknown phenomena. Drag coefficient between gas phase and solid phase is modified by the energy-minimization multi-scale (EMMS) principle. A simplified description of reaction process is also adopted. The present model was applied to predict the hydrodynamic and combustion behaviors in a commercial 135 MWe CFB boiler. Some primary results are obtained and discussed in comparison with the measured data. Prediction results agree with the experimental data in general, confirming the correctness of the model. More reliable experiments are needed for the model improvement in the future.Copyright © 2005 by ASME

To study the effects of percutaneous renal artery intervention on renal function and blood pressure in patients with renal artery stenosis.Eighty-seven patients with severe uni- or bi-lateral renal artery stenosis (luminal diameter narrowing/= 70%) and clinical hypertension received renal artery stenting between January 2002 and December 2002. The changes in blood pressure and serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance (CCr) 48 hours after intervention and during 6 months of follow-up were assessed.Renal stenting was performed in 98 stenotic arteries of 87 patients, and the procedural success rate was 100%. Serum creatinine level was slightly elevated from (176 +/- 21) micro mol/L to (179 +/- 11) micro mol/L (P = 0.15) 48 hours after the procedure, but significantly decreased to (149 +/- 15) micro mol/L at 6 months (P0.001). CCr was also greatly improved [(37 +/- 11) ml/min before versus (51 +/- 8) ml/min at 6 months, P0.001]. During follow-up, 61% of the patients experienced a normal renal function. Despite conventional medical treatment, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also significantly decreased after stenting [(163 +/- 23)/(96 +/- 13) mm Hg before versus (148 +/- 12)/(79 +/- 15) mm Hg at 6 months, all P0.001], and hypertension was well controlled in 67% of the patients at 6 months' follow-up.Renal artery stenting has a high success rate and is effective in improving renal function and blood pressure for patients with severe renal artery stenosis.

To compare primary stenting in the infarct-related coronary artery with intravenous rt-PA therapy plus rescue intracoronary stenting.Ninety-eight patients with a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were randomly treated with primary intracoronary stenting (primary stenting group) or with intravenous rt-PA therapy plus rescue intracoronary stenting (thrombolysis plus stenting group). Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade was assessed by angiography in emergency, and cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF) was calculated by echocardiography before discharge between the two groups.There were 47 patients (97.91%) in primary stenting group and 50 patients (100%) in thrombolysis plus stenting group had achieved TIMI grade 2 - 3 flow after the procedure. But the former had more cases (93.8%) of TIMI 3 flow than that of latter (60.0%, P = 0.0001). There was no difference between the two groups in cardiac events during hospitalization. But the patients in primary stenting group had better cardiac function (LVEF 0.62 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.12, respectively, P = 0.0001) between the two groups.Primary intracoronary stenting may improve myocardial reperfusion in emergency and inhibit the decline of cardiac function after AMI in comparison with intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis plus rescue intracoronary stenting.

LiCoO2 is the most common cathode material for commercial lithium-ion batteries due to its high tap density, excellent cycling performance and high rate capability. Though LiCoO2 has a theoretical capacity of 274 mAh/g, its reversible capacity is limited to around 140 mAh/g when cycled between 3.0 V and 4.2 V vs Li metal. Increasing the upper cutoff voltage can extract more lithium ions beyond Li0.5CoO2, which can increase the reversible capacity of LiCoO2. However, the electrolyte will be oxidized at such high voltage, which will consume the electrolyte, and form solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the surface. The thickness, stability will influence the electrochemical performance of LiCoO2cathode at high voltage. In this work, we used atomic force microscope (AFM) to study the properties and evolution of SEI films on LiCoO2 cathode during electrochemical cycling. Different structure and evolution processes of SEI on different crystal faces //(001) and „¨(001) were observed in-situ during the electrochemical reaction. We also study the protecting effect of a thin layer of Al2O3 film on the surface of LiCoO2micro-crystal prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. Figure. (a) LiCoO2 micro-crystal prepared by melting-salt method. (b) LiCoO2 micro-crystal embedded in Al substrate. Topography images of LiCoO2 micro-crystal //(001) face obtained in-situ by AFM at original (c) and charged to 4.5 V (d). Topography images of LiCoO2 micro-crystal „¨(001) face obtained in-situ by AFM at original (e) and charged to 4.5 V (f).

In this paper, a self-assembling double-layered film consisting of SnO2 nanosheet arrays as an underlayer and hierarchical SnO2 microspheres as an overlayer was fabricated via a facile hydrothermal process. The effect of experimental parameters, such as seed layer, acetylacetone, and NH4F on the morphology of the SnO2 hierarchical double-layered film was investigated. We disclose that these hierarchical structures are the consequence of the simultaneous processes of growing and recrystallization on the FTO seeded surface and in solution. A formation mechanism was proposed to understand the growth process. The reflectance spectra of SnO2 double-layered films were also examined.The novel SnO2-based film shows an enhanced light-to-electricity conversion efficiency compared with a simple composite of SnO2 nanosheet arrays and microspheres due to their self-assembling capability and favorable nanostructures.

Abstract 4655 Objective: Thromboembolic events are common symptoms in patients with cancer, and the mechanisms are not totally understood. The platelet adhesion moleculars play important roles in the process of thrombus formation. The aim of the current study is to investigate the surface expression of platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, GPIIb/IIIa, and P-selectin in patients with lung cancer. Method: Platelets were isolated from patients with lung cancer and normal volunteers, and then the surface expressions of platelet GP Ibα, GPIIb/IIIa, and P-selectin were measured by Flow cytometry. The glycocalicin (GC) fragments in the peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer were tested by Western blot. The surface expression of GP Ibα on normal volunteers' platelets incubated with the platelet-poor plasma (PPP) of patients with lung cancer was measured by Flow cytometry and Western blot. Results: The surface expressions of platelet GP Ibα, GPIIb/IIIa, and P-selectin were obviously increased in patients with lung cancer compared with that of normal volunteers, and the GC fragments in PPP were also increased in patients with lung cancer. Incubation of control platelets with the PPP from cancer patients resulted in the elevation of the surface expression of GP Ibα in control platelets. Furthermore, the expressions of GP Ibα, GPIIb/IIIa, and P-selectin on platelets from patients with advanced stage of lung cancer (III-IV stage) were significantly higher than those with early stage (I-II stage) (P0.05). Conclusion: The surface expressions of platelet GP Ibα, GPIIb/IIIa, and P-selectin were obviously elevated in patients with lung cancer, and the plasma from cancer patients is responsible for the elevations. These findings provide a new view to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of thromboembolic events in the patients with lung cancer. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract 5144 Aspirin is widely used in the treatment of a number of clinical conditions, such as fever, pain, strokes, and heart attacks. Although aspirin is being thought of a relatively “safety” medicine, it also has some side effects, particularly the risk of bleeding which may be severe and lead to death. The mechanisms, however, are not totally understood. The effectiveness of aspirin has been attributed to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin production by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. Interestingly, it has been reported recently that aspirin induces apoptosis in many cell types. Platelet apoptosis induced by either physical or chemical compounds or platelet storage occurs widely. We have reported that the glycoprotein Ibα-von Willebrand factor interaction, hyperthermia, and calmodulin antagonists induce platelet apoptosis, suggesting that platelet apoptosis might play important roles in controlling the number and function of circulated platelet under physiological conditions, or in the development of platelet-related hemorrhagic diseases. Thus, the aim of the current study is to explore whether aspirin induces platelet apoptosis. Washed platelets (3×108/ml) were incubated with various concentrations of aspirin (2. 5 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM) at 37 °C for 2 hours. The effect of aspirin on platelet mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure were analyzed by cell-permeable lipophilic cationic dye tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and annexin V binding, respectively. The data show that ΔΨms depolarization and PS exposures were dose-dependently induced by aspirin in platelets. In order to further confirm that aspirin incurs platelet apoptosis, caspase-3 activation was measured in platelets incubated with aspirin by detecting 32 kD pro-caspase-3 and 17 kD cleaved caspase-3 fragment, and the result shows that aspirin induced caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, platelet shrinkage appeared in platelets incubated with aspirin (20 mM). Caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk inhibited apoptotic platelet shrinkage, and blocked ΔΨm depolarization, but had no effect on PS exposure, suggesting that caspase-3 acts upstream of ΔΨm depolarization, and plays a key role in aspirin-induced platelet apoptosis. Whereas, protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase B (PKB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), protein 53 (p53), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) were not involved in aspirin-induced platelet apoptosis. In addition, platelets incubated with another COX inhibitor indomethacin did not incur ΔΨm depolarazation and PS exposure in platelets. Taken together, the data indicate that aspirin induces platelet apoptosis via caspase-3 activation, and independent of the COX signaling. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

A dc method, which needs no complex numerical calculation and expensive hardware configuration, was developed to measure the cross-plane thermal conductivity of thin films in this paper. Two parallel metallic heaters, which were deposited on different parts of the sample, serve simultaneously as the heaters and temperature sensors during the measurement. A direct current was flowed through the same two metallic strips to heat the thin-film sample. The heating power and the heater's temperature were obtained by a data acquisition device, and the thermal conductivity of thin film was calculated. To verify the validity of the dc method, several SiO(2) films with different thicknesses were deposited on Si wafers, respectively, and their thermal conductivities were measured by both the dc method and 3ω method. The results of two methods are in good agreement within an acceptable error, and they are also inconsistent with some of previously published data.