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The Jijal Complex, one of the largest Neo-Tethyan ophiolites (ca. 150 km2) in Pakistan, occupies a deep-level section of the Cretaceous Kohistan Arc that was obducted along the Main Mantle Thrust or Indus Suture Zone. Peridotites of the Jijal Complex consist mainly of harzburgite and dunite with numerous podiform chromitites. In this paper, we present new mineral compositions, whole-rock major elements, trace elements, rare earth elements (REEs) and platinum group elements (PGEs) to evaluate the melt evolution and petrogenesis of these rocks. Chromian spinel in the chromitites is fairly uniform in composition with Cr#s ranging from 75 to 81, Mg#s from 59 to 63 and TiO2

The West Qinling orogen, central China is endowed with dozens of world-class sediment-hosted gold deposits, most of which have formed from metamorphic fluids released from Paleozoic sedimentary rocks during the Triassic collisional orogeny. Here we present trace element and sulfur isotope data of gold-bearing pyrite and arsenopyrite, along with oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of ore-related sericite, to show that the Early Triassic Zaozigou gold deposit (142 t) in the Xiahe-Hezuo district may have contrasting origin. Gold mineralization at Zaozigou is dominated by fine-grained pyrite and arsenopyrite disseminations (Py1 and Asp1) in hydrothermally altered Triassic flysch and, less significantly, in Early Triassic granitoid dike swarm. The disseminated ores are overprinted by quartz-sulfide-ankerite-sulfide vein/veinlets, which contain less abundant, coarser pyrite and arsenopyrite (Py2 and Asp2) and are less economically significant. Gold occurs as invisible gold in fine-grained arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite of the disseminated ores, with subordinate native gold grains locally observed in the quartz-sulfide-ankerite vein/veinlets. The two types of pyrite (Py1 vs. Py2) and arsenopyrite (Asp1 vs. Asp2) are consistently enriched in As, Au, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ag, Sb, W, Pb, Te, and Bi and have well comparable δ34S values ranging from −12.0‰ to −5.5‰. Grain-scale variation has been observed for Au and other trace elements both in Py1 and Py2, likely reflecting changes in physio-chemical conditions such as fO2, fS2 and temperature due to fluid-rock interactions and/or fluid mixing. The δ34S values are broadly consistent with sulfur isotopic compositions of many Early Triassic ilmenite-series intrusions in the Xiahe-Hezuo district, and thus suggest a magmatic sulfur derivation from the reduced magmas that have assimilated carbonaceous sedimentary rocks. The δD and δ18O values of ore-fluids calculated from isotopic compositions of ore-related sericite range from −56 to −76‰ and 10.1 to 12.4‰, respectively, indicating a magmatic fluids exsolved from the above-mentioned ilmenite-series magma or a mixture of such as fluid with a metamorphic derived component. Synthesis of geochronological and geochemical data throughout the Xiahe-Hezuo district led us to conclude that the Zaozigou gold deposits can be considered as a shallow-seated, distal product of a reduced intrusion-related gold system.

Several recent studies have shown that garnet U-Pb dating may potentially provide robust constraints on the ages of carbonatite, alkaline magmatism and skarn ore formation. Here we present textural, trace element, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U-Pb isotope data of garnet from the Yinan Au-Cu skarn deposit in Luxi District, eastern North China Craton, to place tight constraints on the timing of mineralization. Three hydrothermal andradite-rich garnet samples (JL-8, THZ-38 and TJ-13) collected respectively from Jinlong, Tonghanzhuang and Gongquan ore segments of the Yinan Au-Cu skarn deposit, contain 2.31–10.36 ppm U and are characterized by flat time-resolved depth profiles for U, indicating that this element is hosted in crystallographic lattice in the garnets. The positive correlation between U and LREEs concentration suggests that the incorporation of U into the garnet is largely controlled by substitution mechanisms. The three garnet samples yield weighted mean 206Pb/238U dates of 127 ± 3 Ma, 127 ± 5 Ma and 126 ± 7 Ma (2σ), respectively. These ages are reproducible within analytical uncertainties and are consistent with a zircon U-Pb age of 129 ± 2 Ma of the ore-related diorite intrusion, and thus, are interpreted as the age of Au-Cu mineralization at Yinan. The results presented here, when combined with existing isotopic age data, demonstrate that Au-Cu skarn mineralization throughout the southeastern Luxi District occurred, coevally, in the Early Cretaceous and is genetically associated with the Tongjing and Jingchang granitic-dioritic complexes. The Au-Cu mineralization and associated magmatism coincide in time with the iron skarn mineralization and associated magmatism (134–126 Ma) across the Luxi District, strongly suggesting a causal link between the district-wide skarn mineralization and pervasive intermediate to felsic magmatism; both are products of destruction of lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton. This study confirms that garnet U-Pb dating can be a robust geochronometer for garnet-bearing hydrothermal deposits and can elucidate associated geological processes.

In an aged society, more than 80% of elders who are still healthy or sub-healthy people with self-care abilities, sociability and the society support system should access mental care which can be effectuated in a play therapy program. Based on electronic games supplemented by a media push system, the wellness slot machine practised in this study is a play therapy platform through which a preventive care service program for recreational effects and health promotion is planned for elders. For necessary information available to elderly participants of wellness slot machines such as ads for community activities and promotional films naturally and constantly, the multimedia push system in this study is designed and practised in a wellness slot machine with which the media content is pushed to the elderly participants actively without excessive manual operations.

The present prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine (DEX) combined with butorphanol for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) following total laparoscopic hysterectomy. A total of 88 patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy and receiving postoperative PCIA were divided into two groups following surgery. Patients received DEX 0.5 µg/kg intravenously in the DEX group or 0.9% normal saline in the control (CON) group following anesthesia induction. Postoperatively, the PCIA (10 mg butorphanol with 300 µg dexmedetomidine in the DEX group or without DEX in the CON group) was delivered as a 0.5 ml bolus (lockout interval of 15 min) with a continuous background infusion of 2 ml/h. Cardiovascular and respiratory variables, cumulative butorphanol consumption, pain scores, level of sedation, concerning adverse events and the degree of patient satisfaction were recorded for 24 h post-surgery. A total of 81 patients completed the study. Blood pressure and heart rate exhibited no significant difference between the two groups during surgery and for 24 h post-surgery. Compared with the CON group, patients in the DEX group required ~19% less butorphanol (P

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is the integration platform for multimedia application services and provides a rich feature set of converged services in Next Generation Network (NGN). People can access IMS services anytime anywhere using their self IMS devices which refers to mobile devices equipped with a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) card. Since the rapid development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), people own many devices connected to the Internet in the home or office environment. Except for the mobile devices equipped with USIM card, people wish that these devices connected to the Internet also can access IMS services but without USIM card. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi)-based IMS service gateway, which can is authorized by the self IMS device and enable these non-IMS devices to access IMS services. Besides, these non-IMS devices may use different network access technologies and network protocols. The proposed IMS service gateway employs the OSGi framework to solve the integration problem.

The magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of porphyry-style mineralization in the shallow crust that is linked to magmatic processes at depth has been extensively studied using bulk-sample isotopic analysis combined with relative timing constraints. However, a lack of evaluation of the fluid evolution process against an absolute time frame limits further understanding of the ore-forming process. Here, we quantify the fluid evolution process within an absolute time frame for the first time by integrating new in situ oxygen isotope data from the Qulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit (Tibet) with existing fluid inclusion data and high-precision Re-Os dates of co-precipitated hydrothermal quartz and molybdenite, respectively. We demonstrate that vein quartz records primary oxygen isotopic compositions and reached oxygen isotope equilibrium with ore-forming fluids, and therefore is an archive of the isotopic composition and source of the ore-forming fluids. The δ18Oquartz and δ18Ofluid values, in absolute time, show periodic fluctuations that indicate the presence of three intermittent pulses of magmatic fluid flux, which have been balanced by meteoric water. As such, the flux of magmatic fluid during ore formation was pulsed, rather than being continuous. The overall highest δ18Ofluid in the first pulse of mineralization, with a gradual decrease to the second and third pulses, is suggestive of a progressive reduction in the magmatic component of the hydrothermal fluids and, by inference, the mineralizing potential of the hydrothermal fluids. This view is supported by a decrease in sulfide-bearing fluid inclusions and metal grade through time. Our findings favor multiple fluid-release events from a single cooling magmatic reservoir, although multiple fluid-melt recharge events remain a competitive alternative. An additional implication is that the magmatic reservoir may have a lifespan of hundreds of thousands of years, with fluid release events occurring over tens of thousands of years.

The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) on the North Island of New Zealand is located above the subducting Pacific slab and hosts hydrothermal systems related to subduction, arc magmatism and crustal extension. In these systems, gold is transported primarily as sulphide complexes, with gold being deposited in response to boiling and mixing of the deep geothermal fluids. Conglomerate cobbles and hydrothermal fumaroles from the upper Retaruke River in the western TVZ are mineralised deposits that have been eroded from the nearby Miocene alluvial sedimentary plateau. Abundant gold-bearing pyrite was precipitated in the conglomerates and fumaroles by late hydrothermal process, primarily occurring as veinlets, disseminations and fine-grained aggregates which consists discrete euhedral microcrystals. Scanning electron microscopy combined with X-ray energy disperses spectroscopy shows that pyrites are commendably affected by late hydrothermal fluids, possibly by the carbonate fluid. Electron probe microanalysis revealed t...

The Handan-Xingtai district in the North China craton is one of the most important concentrations of iron skarn deposits in China, with proven reserves of 900 to 1,000 Mt at an average of 40 to 55 wt % Fe. The iron mineralization occurs predominantly along contact zones between Early Cretaceous intermediate-silicic intrusions and Middle Ordovician marine carbonates intercalated with numerous evaporite beds. In this paper, we present textural features and laser ablation ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of hydrothermal zircon from five major iron skarn deposits to place tight constraints on the timing and duration of the district-scale iron mineralization. Zircon grains from the mineralized skarns are anhedral to subhedral crystals and euhedral tetragonal bipyramids. They are closely intergrown or texturally associated with diopside, garnet, epidote, calcite, albite, and phlogopite. Other common minerals in the skarn assemblages include F-rich hornblende, wilkeite-F, F-apatite, and fluorite. Zircon grains typically contain abundant inclusions of skarn minerals and daughter mineral-rich (mostly magnetite, halite, and sylvite) fluid inclusions. Compositionally, these zircon grains have moderately to extremely high Th (518–7,477 ppm) and U (109–25,610 ppm) contents, with highly variable Th/U ratios ranging from 0.01 to 5.23. The morphological, textural, and geochemical features of the zircons confirm their hydrothermal origin and indicate that they most likely precipitated from high-temperature, F-rich, magmatic-derived ore-forming fluids. The hydrothermal zircon grains yield well-defined concordant U-Pb ages for the five studied iron skarn deposits, with weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U dates ranging from 133.6 ± 0.9 to 128.5 ± 1.4 Ma (2 σ ). These ages are remarkably consistent with U-Pb ages (134.1 ± 1.2 to 128.5 ± 0.9 Ma; 2 σ ) of magmatic zircon grains from the ore-related intrusions in each deposit, demonstrating that iron skarn mineralization was genetically related to the coeval magmatism. Our new geochronological data, when combined with existing isotopic ages, indicate that iron mineralization and associated magmatism in the Handan-Xingtai district took place mainly at the ca. 137–133 and 131–128 Ma intervals. Iron skarn deposits of similar ages also occur widely in other parts of the eastern North China craton, forming the only known giant Mesozoic iron skarn province in a cratonic block on the Earth. The formation of these iron skarn deposits and associated intrusions coincided in time with lithospheric thinning or destruction of the North China craton, strongly suggesting a causal link between the two processes.

The giant magnetic-impedance (GMI) effect in FeCoSiB thin films was investigated. By introducing the role of demagnetizing field, based on linear Maxwell’s equations and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, the expressions of permeability and impedance were obtained and the theoretical model in this paper was significantly improved. A numerical simulation was conducted using MATLAB. For the thickness of thin film being close to the skin depth when the frequency of alternating current was up to megahertz, it could be found that the calculation results could match the experimental data very well when the thickness of the FeCoSiB thin film was greater than skin depth, while when the thin film thickness was less than skin depth, the calculation results had a big distortion. The influence of the demagnetization factor of FeCoSiB thin films on the GMI effect was also researched. This work was a tentative research on the simulation of the GMI effect of thin films. It might provide an attempt on the theoretical calculation of the GMI effect of thin films and guidance for the fabrication of thin-film GMI sensors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility of measuring radiation dose based on primary color chrominance in chemical solutions. Methods: We used an aqueous solution with different concentrations of Alphaurine A and Tracid Brilliant Red B. This was irradiated by 1.5–13.5 kGy 60Co γ radiation. Data were collected by an instrument that can detect information on the three primary colors. Data were analyzed and manipulated for each experiment. Results and conclusions: The result shows that three primary colors chrominance in the aqueous solutions change with different doses of 60Co γ-rays and different concentrations of Alphaurine A and Tracid Brilliant Red B. For Alphaurine A, the red chrominance is gradually reduced as a function of radiation dose. The blue chrominance gradually increases concurrently. The red and green chrominance changes obviously and inversely, but the green chrominance changes little. In Tracid Brilliant Red B solution, the red chrominance gradually decreases as th...

Deregulation of the pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1), a newly discovered oncogene, is a hallmark of various malignancies, including pituitary tumors. However, the mechanisms regulating PTTG1 expression are still needed to be explored. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small RNA molecules that act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression and can play a significant role in tumor development. Here, we identified a series of miRNAs, namely, miR-329, miR-300, miR-381 and miR-655, which could target PTTG1 messenger RNA and inhibit its expression. Interestingly, all four miRNAs significantly that are downregulated in pituitary tumors were mapped to the 14q32.31 locus, which acts as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. Functional studies show that the PTTG1-targeting miRNAs inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion but induce apoptosis in GH3 and MMQ cells. Furthermore, overexpression of a PTTG1 expression vector lacking the 3′UTR partially reverses the tumor suppressive effects of these miRNAs. Next, we identified the promoter region of PTTG1-targeting miRNAs with binding sites for p53. In our hands, p53 transcriptionally activated the expression of these miRNAs in pituitary tumor cells. Finally, we found that PTTG1 could inhibit p53 transcriptional activity to the four miRNAs. These data indicate the existence of a feedback loop between PTTG1 targeting miRNAs, PTTG1 and p53 that promotes pituitary tumorigenesis. Together, these findings suggest that these PTTG1-targeting miRNAs are important players in the regulation of pituitary tumorigenesis and that these miRNAs may serve as valuable therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.

Numerous polymetallic volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), vein, and replacement deposits are distributed along the Changning–Menglian suture zone in Sanjiang Tethyan metallogenic province, SW China. Laochang is the largest Pb–Zn–Ag vein and replacement deposit in this area, with a proven reserve of 0.51 Mt Pb, 0.34 Mt Zn, and 1,737 t Ag. Its age and relationship to magmatic events and VMS deposits in the region, however, have long been debated. In this paper, we present pyrite Re–Os and titanite U–Pb ages aiming to provide significant insights into the timing and genesis of the Pb–Zn–Ag mineralization. Pyrite grains in textural equilibrium with galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite from stratabound Pb–Zn–Ag and Cu-bearing Pb–Zn–Ag orebodies have a Re–Os isochron age of 45.7 ± 3.1 Ma (2σ, mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) = 0.45), whereas titanite grains intergrown with sulfide minerals yield a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 43.4 ± 1.2 Ma (2σ, n = 8). A Mo-mineralized granitic porphyry intersected by recent drilling below the Laochang Pb–Zn–Ag ores yields a zircon U–Pb age of 44.4 ± 0.4 Ma (2σ, n = 12). Within analytical uncertainties, the ages of the Pb–Zn–Ag deposit and the concealed Mo-mineralized porphyry are indistinguishable, indicating that they are products of a single magmatic hydrothermal system. The results show that Laochang Pb–Zn–Ag deposit is significantly younger than the host mafic volcanic rock (zircon U–Pb age of 320.8 ± 2.7 Ma; 2σ, n = 12) and Silurian VMS deposits along the Changning–Menglian suture zone, arguing against its origin as a Carboniferous VMS deposit as many researchers claimed. The initial 187Os/188Os ratio (0.540 ± 0.012) obtained from the pyrite Re–Os isochron suggests that metals were likely derived from the granitic porphyry that formed from a hybrid magma due to mixing of crustal- and mantle-derived melts, rather than from the mafic volcanic host rocks as previously thought. Our results favor that the Laochang Pb–Zn–Ag deposit is the shallow product of a porphyry Mo system. Thus, there is potential for discovery of porphyry Mo or Cu–Mo deposits below Laochang and similar Pb–Zn–Ag deposits in the Changning–Menglian suture zone.

An Early Cretaceous highly enriched mantle beneath the Dabie Orogen, previously proposed on the basis of exceedingly enriched isotopic signatures documented in intermediate–mafic–ultramafic complexes, has been re-evaluated by new field, mineralogical and geochemical data from the best exposed Xiaohekou complex. The Xiaohekou complex consists of three pyroxenite cores intruded by olivine gabbronorite dykes and successively surrounded outward by gabbroic rocks, leucogabbros and monzonites. Textural and compositional data for pyroxenes and plagioclase as well as whole-rock geochemistry suggest two-stage crystallizations. The Sr–Nd isotopic values correlate with the SiO 2 and MgO contents, and one gabbronorite sample from the margin of the complex has sodic plagioclase and highly enriched Sr–Nd isotopic ratios, also pointing to fractional crystallizations and crustal contamination. One gabbro sample from the centre of the complex and three from olivine gabbronorite dykes have the lowest Sr but highest Nd isotopic values close to those of typical Enriched Mantle I (EMI). These data together with isotopic and MELTS modelling suggest that an EMI-like mantle source plus crustal assimilation and crystallization can explain all field, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Xiaohekou complex, without the need to invoke a mantle source more enriched than EMI beneath the Dabie Orogen. Supplementary materials: Compositions of pyroxenes, feldspars, hornblende, olivine and biotite, and whole-rock major element oxides, trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions from selected samples in the Xiaohekou complex are provided as .rtf files at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18856.

In this paper, the antitumor activity of a novel porphyrin-based photosensitizer 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis[(5-diethylamino)pentyl] porphyrin (TDPP) was reported in vitro and in vivo. The photophysical and cellular properties of TDPP were investigated. The singlet oxygen generation quantum yield of TDPP was detected ; it showed a high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.52. The intracellular distribution of photosensitizer was detected with laser scanning confocal microscopy. The efficiency of TDPP-photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vitro was analyzed by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5- diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and in situ trypan blue exclusion test. Treated with a 630-nm laser, TDPP can kill cultured human esophageal cancer cell line (Eca-109) cells and reduce the growth of Eca-109 xenograft tumors significantly in BABL/c nude mice. And histopathological study was also used to confirm the antitumor effect. It has the perspective to be developed as a new antitumor drug in photodynamic therapy and deserves further investigation.

High spatial resolution textural (scanning electron microscope (SEM)), chemical (electron microprobe (EMP)) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)), and sulfur isotopic (secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)) analyses of pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit (232 ± 4 Ma) in the West Qinling orogen, central China were conducted to distinguish pyrite types and gain insights into the source and evolution of sulfur in hydrothermal fluids. The results reveal an enormous variation (−27.1 to +69.6 ‰) in sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite deposited during three paragenetic stages. Pre-ore framboidal pyrite, which is characterized by low concentrations of As, Au, Cu, Co, and Ni, has negative δ34S values of −27.1 to −7.6 ‰ that are interpreted in terms of bacterial reduction of marine sulfate during sedimentation and diagenesis of the Paleozoic carbonate and clastic sequences, the predominant lithologies in the deposit area, and the most important hosts of many sediment-hosted gold deposits throughout the West Qinling orogen. The ore-stage hydrothermal pyrite contains high concentrations of Au, As, Cu, Sb, Tl, and Bi and has a relatively narrow range of positive δ34S values ranging from +8.1 to +15.2 ‰. The sulfur isotope data are comparable to those of ore pyrite from many Triassic orogenic gold deposits and Paleozoic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn deposits in the West Qinling orogen, both being hosted mainly in the Devonian sequence. This similarity indicates that sulfur, responsible for the auriferous pyrite at Qiuling, was largely derived from the metamorphic devolatization of Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks. Post-ore-stage pyrite, which is significantly enriched in Co and Ni but depleted in Au and As, has unusually high δ34S values ranging from +37.4 to +69.6 ‰, that are interpreted to result from thermochemical reduction of evaporite sulfates in underlying Cambrian sedimentary rocks with very high δ34S values. The variations in Au content and sulfur isotopic compositions across a single ore-stage pyrite grain may reflect displacement of indigenous groundwater with low δ34S values by auriferous metamorphic fluids with high δ34S values. The very low-grade metamorphism of the host rocks and the metamorphic derivation of sulfur for the ore pyrite indicate that the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit is an epizonal manifestation of an orogenic gold system in the West Qinling orogen.

In this study, we carried out petrography, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic analyses on a granitic pegmatite dyke in the Xiaoqinling area in southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). Our study suggests that the pegmatite dyke likely crystallized from a volatile-rich pegmatitic magma. Different from most other pegmatite elsewhere, zircon from this pegmatite dyke does not contain unusually high U and Th concentrations and suffered no evident radioactive damage, therefore we successfully obtained a zircon U-Pb dating using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), which yields an average 207Pb/206Pb age of 1 814±6 Ma, representing the intrusive age of the granitic pegmatite dyke. Zircon ɛ Hf(t) values are between −8.3 and −3.0, corresponding to Hf depleted mantle model ages from 2 649 to 2 991 Ma with an average of 2 881 Ma. These data indicate that this granitic pegmatite dyke may have been derived from partial melting of Meso-Neoarchean metamorphic rocks from the Xiaoqinling basement. Granitic pegmatite magma may have emplaced within the Taihua Group wall rocks during the last stage of the middle to high grade metamorphism. Furthermore, according to the petrographic observation, the 1.81 Ga pegmatite dyke and the 1 800–1 750 Ma Xiong’er Group rocks were not undergone middle to high grade metamorphism, indicating 1.81 Ga as the termination of the latest regional metamorphism in the southern margin of the NCC.

Zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry are combined with whole-rock composition and thermal modeling to decipher the late magmatic stage of the composite Cretaceous Caleu pluton, which consists of four lithological zones: Gabbro–Diorite Zone (GDZ), Quartz Monzodiorite Zone (QMDZ), Granodiorite Zone (GZ) and Monzogranite Zone (MGZ). The four lithological zones include felsic dikes and veins of variable thickness and distribution. Zircons of four representative samples, each from the mentioned zones, were dated and chemically analyzed. The U–Pb ages exhibit sample-scale scatter derived from protracted zircon crystallization. At pluton scale the ages are substantially overlapped with a subtle decrease of ages from mafic to felsic sample; the latter has a normal age span distribution with a mean age of 94.68 ± 0.71 (2σ confidence) and a MSWD of 0.95. Zircon grains from the uppermost zone of the pluton, where the QMDZ is emplaced, have the highest REE and HFSE contents. Zircon crystallization temperatures oscillate between 680 and 850 °C, regardless of the zircon age and sample composition. Differences in temperature and age of zircon crystallization of up to 185 °C and 2.6 Myr were identified at sample scale, respectively. Numerical modeling indicates that the melts from which zircon crystallized are highly crystalline (mostly higher than 60% crystal) and resemble MGZ in compositions. Time-dependent thermal models were performed to account for preservation of the system above solidus temperature for long time intervals consistent with those of zircon crystallization. Two non-exclusive scenarios for the late-stage development of Caleu pluton were considered: (i) pluton construction by magma pulses assembled incrementally and (ii) upward transport of residual melts by diking through a mush system to yield heat redistribution to the levels where the samples collected. The first scenario does not preserve residual melts for intervals as long as 2.6 Myr unless an extremely thick magma reservoir is considered. The second scenario is more favorable because it could provide enough heat that allows preserving residual melts above the solidus temperature depending on: (i) dike width, (ii) melt transport velocity and (iii) dike intensity (vol.% dike). For a dike width of 0.2 m and dike intensity of 10%, consistent with field observations, a transport velocity of 300 m/yr is required to maintain the upper mush zone above 700 °C. The melt transport would have occurred as successive events to allow developing the protracted late magmatic stage of the Caleu pluton.

Background: Whether administration of LHRH analog during CT in premenopausal patients with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive disease would reduce CT-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) is still controversial. Moreover, whether LHRH analog would influence the prognosis of patients is unknown yet. This randomized study is to evaluate whether administration of LHRH analog during CT would reduce POF and effect the prognosis of breast cancer. Methods: This is arandomized, controlled phase III clinical trial. Premenopausal patients age Results: Between 2/09 and 5/13, the trial has finished enrollment, 216 patients were enrolled. The median age were 37.5 in combined arm (n=108) and 39 in sequential arm (n=108), respectively. The median follow-up time was 27.4 months and 25.7 months, respectively. 15 patients and 21 patients received neoadjuvant CT, respectively. There were no significant difference in age, tumor stage and CT regimens (p>.05). The median cycles of GN were 25, respectively. 47% had complete primary endpoint data. POF rate were 5/42 (11.9%) in the combined arm and 16/60 (26.7%) in the sequential arm. POF rate (and post-menopausal FSH) rate were 1/42 (2.4%) in the combined arm and 8/60 (13.3%) in the sequential arm. In neoadjuvant CT subgroup, each has 1 patient achieved pathological complete remission, and there was no significant difference in objective clinical response. There were 9 patients in the combined arm and 3 patients in the sequential arm had occured RFS events (including 2 and 0 deaths, respectively, OR=3.18, 95%CI:0.84-12.09, P=.075). Conclusions:LHRH analog administration with CT might be associated with less POF and did not affect the efficacy of neoadjuvant CT, however, had no RFS benefit, it may need longer follow-up. We will conduct an interim analysis in November 2014. Clinicaltrials.gov Registry Number: NCT01712893. Citation Format: Jian-Wei Li, Guang-yu Liu, Ke-Da Yu, Ya-jie Ji, Miao Mo, Li Lei, Jiong Wu, Gen-hong Di, Yi-feng Hou, Zhen Hu, Can-ming Chen, Zhen-Zhou Shen, Zhi-Ming Shao. Effect of using LHRH analog during chemotherapy (CT) on premature ovarian failure and prognosis in premenopausal patients with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: The primary analysis of a randomized controlled phase III trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-02.

Chlorin derivatives are promising photosensitive agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors. The aim of the current study is to investigate the PDT therapeutic effects of a novel chlorin-based photosensitizer, meso-tetra[3-(N,N-diethyl)aminomethyl-4-methoxy]phenyl chlorin (TMPC) for gliomas in vitro and in vivo. Physicochemical characteristics of TMPC were recorded by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrometer. The rate of singlet oxygen generation of TMPC upon photo-excitation was detected by using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF). The accumulation of TMPC in gliomas U87 MG cells was measured by fluorescence spectrometer. The efficiency of TMPC-PDT in vitro was analyzed by MTT assay and clonogenic assay. The biodistribution and clearance of TMPC were determined by fluorescence measuring. Human gliomas U87 MG tumor-bearing mice model was used to evaluate the antitumor effects of TMPC-PDT. TMPC shows a singlet oxygen generation rate of 0.05 and displays a characteristic long wavelength absorption peak at 653 nm (ε = 15,400). The accumulation of TMPC increased with the increase of incubation time. In vitro, PDT using TMPC and laser showed laser dose- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity to U87 MG cells. In U87 MG tumor-bearing mice, TMPC-PDT significantly reduced the growth of the tumors. Both in vitro and in vivo, TMPC showed little dark toxicity. In vitro and in vivo studies, it found that TMPC has excellent antitumor activities. It suggests that TMPC is a potential photosensitizer of photodynamic therapy for cancer.

Apatite is a ubiquitous accessory mineral in a variety of rocks and hydrothermal ores. Strontium isotopes of apatite are well known to retain petrogenetic information and have been widely used to investigate the origin of igneous rocks, but such attempts have rarely been made to constrain ore-forming processes of hydrothermal systems. We here report in situ LA-MC-ICPMS Sr isotope data of apatite from the ~1660-Ma Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE deposit, Southwest China. The formation of this deposit was coeval to the emplacement of regionally distributed doleritic intrusions within a continental-rift setting. The deposit has a paragenetic sequence consisting of sodic alteration (stage I), magnetite mineralization (stage II), Cu sulfide and REE mineralization (stage III), and final barren calcite veining (stage IV). The stage II and III assemblages contain abundant apatite, allowing to investigate the temporal evolution of the Sr isotopic composition of the ore fluids. Apatite of stage II (Apt II) is associated with fluorite, magnetite, and siderite, whereas apatite from stage III (Apt III) occurs intimately intergrown with ankerite and Cu sulfides. Apt II has 87Sr/86Sr ratios varying from 0.70377 to 0.71074, broadly compatible with the coeval doleritic intrusions (0.70592 to 0.70692), indicating that ore-forming fluids responsible for stage II magnetite mineralization were largely equilibrated with mantle-derived mafic rocks. In contrast, Apt III has distinctly higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.71021 to 0.72114, which are interpreted to reflect external radiogenic Sr, likely derived from the Paleoproterozoic strata. Some Apt III crystals have undergone extensive metasomatism indicated by abundant monazite inclusions. The metasomatized apatite has much higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios up to 0.73721, which is consistent with bulk-rock Rb-Sr isotope analyses of Cu ores with 87Sr/86Sri from 0.71906 to 0.74632. The elevated 87Sr/86Sr values of metasomatized apatite and bulk Cu ores indicate that later fluids were dominated by highly radiogenic Sr equilibrated with the Paleoproterozoic country rocks. Results of this study highlight the utilization of in situ Sr isotope analysis of apatite in unraveling the evolution of hydrothermal systems.

In this paper, we present U–Pb ages and trace element compositions of titanite from the Ruanjiawan W–Cu–Mo skarn deposit in the Daye district, eastern China to constrain the magmatic and hydrothermal history in this deposit and provide a better understanding of the U–Pb geochronology and trace element geochemistry of titanite that have been subjected to post-crystallization hydrothermal alteration. Titanite from the mineralized skarn, the ore-related quartz diorite stock, and a diabase dike intruding this stock were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Titanite grains from the quartz diorite and diabase dike typically coexist with hydrothermal minerals such as epidote, sericite, chlorite, pyrite, and calcite, and display irregular or patchy zoning. These grains have low LREE/HREE and high Th/U and Lu/Hf ratios, coupled with negative Eu and positive Ce anomalies. The textural and compositional data indicate that titanite from the quartz diorite has been overprinted by hydrothermal fluids after being crystallized from magmas. Titanite grains from the mineralized skarn are texturally equilibrated with retrograde skarn minerals including actinolite, quartz, calcite, and epidote, demonstrating that these grains were formed directly from hydrothermal fluids responsible for the mineralization. Compared to the varieties from the quartz diorite stock and diabase dike, titanite grains from the mineralized skarn have much lower REE contents and LREE/HREE, Th/U, and Lu/Hf ratios. They have a weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 142 ± 2 Ma (MSWD = 0.7, 2σ), in agreement with a zircon U–Pb age of 144 ± 1 Ma (MSWD = 0.3, 2σ) of the quartz diorite and thus interpreted as formation age of the Ruanjiawan W–Cu–Mo deposit. Titanite grains from the ore-related quartz diorite have a concordant U–Pb age of 132 ± 2 Ma (MSWD = 0.5, 2σ), which is 10–12 Ma younger than the zircon U–Pb age of the same sample and thus interpreted as the time of a hydrothermal overprint after their crystallization. This hydrothermal overprint was most likely related to the emplacement of the diabase dike that has a zircon U–Pb age of 133 ± 1 Ma and a titanite U–Pb age of 131 ± 2 Ma. The geochronological results thus reveal two hydrothermal events in the Ruanjiawan deposit: an early one forming the Wu–Cu–Mo ores related to the emplacement of the quartz diorite stock and a later one causing alteration of the quartz diorite and its titanite due to emplacement of diabase dike. It is suggested that titanite is much more susceptible to hydrothermal alteration than zircon. Results from this study also highlight the utilization of trace element compositions in discriminating titanite of magmatic and hydrothermal origins, facilitating a more reasonable interpretation of the titanite U–Pb ages.

The Dabie Orogen in central China has long been proposed to transform from Triassic compression related to northward deep subduction to Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous extension involving marked crustal thinning and doming processes. Zircon U–Pb ages, mineral chemistry, and whole-rock geochemistry of alkaline dykes intruding Early Cretaceous intermediate–mafic–ultramafic complexes are presented herein to provide evidence for the timing of lithospheric thinning and extension. These dykes of dominantly dolerites with minor monzodiorites have zircon U–Pb ages of 128.3–129.7 Ma and are characterized by Sr–Nd isotopic ratios around the enriched mantle I. The dolerites can be divided into two groups, with the first group having lower incompatible elements but more enriched Sr–Nd isotopes than the second group. Equilibrium partial melting and isotopic mixing modeling show that the dolerites were first generated from partial melting of a heterogeneous enriched mantle at different degrees and then experienced fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation. Systematic normative minerals, trace elements and isotopic contrasts of Early Cretaceous gabbros (125–130 Ma), dolerite dykes of this study, and Early Cretaceous mafic dykes (111–115 Ma) indicate that the source regions for the dolerites are deeper than those for the host gabbros. Therefore, the lithospheric mantle thickening probably continued until the formation of the dolerites, and the lithospheric mantle thinning occurred significantly later than previously proposed. The thickness of the lithosphere was more than the depth range for the source region of alkaline basalts at 125–130 Ma but changed to less than that for the source region of tholeiitic basalts before 115 Ma, suggesting a minimum decrease of ~ 20 km within ~ 10 m.y. This rate of thinning can be explained only by delamination of voluminous crustal root with the underlying lithospheric mantle between 125 and 115 Ma.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of low–intensity pulsed ultrasound in the posterolateral lumbar fusion of rabbit.MethodsA total of 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the observation group and control group, including the autogenous iliac observation group, artificial bone observation group, artificial bone control group and autogenous iliac control group according to the different bone grafting. The posterolateral lumbar fusion of rabbits in each group was analyzed and compared.ResultsAfter 4 weeks of treatment using the low–intensity pulsed ultrasound, the fusion in the bone grafting area of observation group was good. There was the relatively dense fusion area between the right transverse process and artificial bone. The left transverse process had been completely fused, with the clear bone trabecula through the fusion area. There was no significant fusion sign in the control group. According to the fusion comparison between two groups, the fusion rate of the observation group was 83.3% and it was significantly higher than the one of the control group (37.5%). Results of the comparison were statistically significant (P

Sectional Type Horizontal Cutting Interception Munitions is a new warhead which can damage effectively, destroy and detonate the coming missile. Based on LS-DYNA software, LEFP formation, Flight Characteristics and penetrating process of the Sectional Type Horizontal Cutting Interception Munitions were simulated based on different detonation mode. The numerical simulation results show that the designed Sectional Type Horizontal Cutting Interception Munitions can form linear EFP with more than 2,200 meters per second velocity and can penetrate the 45# steel target with 20 millimeter thickness and the ability to initiation. The munitions provide references for design of Horizontal Cutting Interception Munitions of air defense anti-missile rocket.

The push notation services have emerged as a result of promotion of information communication technologies when diversified multimedia services are available to smart device users who hope to learn multimedia updates via networks anytime and anyplace. For the evolving multimedia services, the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is the core technology of the Next Generation Network (NGN) and the platform of integrated multimedia application services, which become the tendency through IMS, as well as the push notification services for multimedia contents particularly. Thus, with IMS serving as the environment for development of a network system, the multimedia broadcasting system on multiple IMS network platforms, in which the multimedia subject content subscription and push notification mechanism is available, was designed and implemented in this research.

Andradite-rich garnet is a common U-bearing mineral in a variety of alkalic igneous rocks and skarn deposits, but has been largely neglected as a U–Pb chronometer. In situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb dates of andradite-rich garnet from a syenite pluton and two iron skarn deposits in the North China craton demonstrate the suitability and reliability of the mineral in accurately dating magmatic and hydrothermal processes. Two hydrothermal garnets from the iron skarn deposits have homogenous cores and zoned rims (Ad86Gr11 to Ad98Gr1) with 22–118 ppm U, whereas one magmatic garnet from the syenite is texturally and compositionally homogenous (Ad70Gr22 to Ad77Gr14) and has 0.1–20 ppm U. All three garnets have flat time-resolved signals obtained from depth profile analyses for U, indicating structurally bound U. Uranium is correlated with REE in both magmatic and hydrothermal garnets, indicating that the incorporation of U into the garnet is largely controlled by substitution mechanisms. Two hydrothermal garnets yielded U–Pb dates of 129 ± 2 (2σ; MSWD = 0.7) and 130 ± 1 Ma (2σ; MSWD = 0.5), indistinguishable from zircon U–Pb dates of 131 ± 1 and 129 ± 1 Ma for their respective ore-related intrusions. The magmatic garnet has a U–Pb age of 389 ± 3 Ma (2σ; MSWD = 0.6), consistent with a U–Pb zircon date of 388 ± 2 Ma for the syenite. The consistency between the garnet and zircon U–Pb dates confirms the reliability and accuracy of garnet U–Pb dating. Given the occurrence of andradite-rich garnet in alkaline and ultramafic magmatic rocks and hydrothermal ore deposits, our results highlight the potential utilization of garnet as a powerful U–Pb geochronometer for dating magmatism and skarn-related mineralization.

T lymphocytes constitute a major effector cell population in autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Despite essential functions of mitochondria in regulating activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of T cells, little is known regarding T cell metabolism in the progression of human type 1 diabetes. In this study, we report, using two independent cohorts, that T cells from patients with type 1 diabetes exhibited mitochondrial inner-membrane hyperpolarization (MHP). Increased MHP was a general phenotype observed in T cell subsets irrespective of prior antigen exposure, and was not correlated with HbA1C levels, subject age, or duration of diabetes. Elevated T cell MHP was not detected in subjects with type 2 diabetes. T cell MHP was associated with increased activation-induced IFNγ production, and activation-induced IFNγ was linked to mitochondria-specific ROS production. T cells from subjects with type 1 diabetes also exhibited lower intracellular ATP levels. In conclusion, intrinsic mitochondrial dysfunction observed in type 1 diabetes alters mitochondrial ATP and IFNγ production; the latter is correlated with ROS generation. These changes impact T cell bioenergetics and function.

Muscle cell differentiation is a complex process that is principally governed by related myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). DNA methylation is considered to play an important role on the expression of MRF genes and on muscle cell differentiation. However, the roles of enzymes specifically in myogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that Tet2, a ten-eleven translocation (Tet) methylcytosine dioxygenase, exerts a role during skeletal myoblast differentiation. By using an immunostaining method, we found that the levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) were much higher in differentiated myotubes than in undifferentiated C2C12 myoblasts. Both Tet1 and Tet2 expression were upregulated after differentiation induction of C2C12 myoblasts. Knockdown of Tet2, but not Tet1, significantly reduced the expression of myogenin as well as Myf6 and myomaker, and impaired myoblast differentiation. DNA demethylation of myogenin and myomaker promoters was negatively influenced by Tet2 knockdown as detected by bisulfite sequencing analysis. Furthermore, although vitamin C could promote genomic 5hmC generation, myogenic gene expression and myoblast differentiation, its effect was significantly attenuated by Tet2 knockdown. Taken together, these results indicate that Tet2 is involved in myoblast differentiation through promoting DNA demethylation and myogenic gene expression.

Stratabound massive sulfide deposits are widespread along the Middle-Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt (MLYMB) and serve as an important copper producer in China. Two contrasting genetic models have been proposed, interpreting the stratabound massive sulfide deposits as a Carboniferous SEDEX protore overprinted by Cretaceous magmatic-hydrothermal system or an Early Cretaceous carbonate replacement deposit. These two contrasting models have been applied to the Xinqiao stratabound Cu-Au sulfide deposit, which is dominated by massive sulfide ores hosted in marine carbonates of the Carboniferous Chuanshan and Huanglong Formations, with minor Cu-Au skarn ores localized in the contact zone between the Cretaceous diorite Jitou stock and the Carboniferous carbonate rocks. New SIMS zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the Jitou stock formed at 138.5 ± 1.1 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.6). Pyrite Re-Os dating yields an imprecise date of 142 ± 47 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 7.8). The geochronological data thus constrain the mineralization of the Xinqiao deposit at Early Cretaceous. Fluid inclusions in prograde skarn diopside have homogenization temperatures of 450–600 °C and calculated salinities of 13–58 wt.% NaCl equiv. Quartz from the stratabound ores and pyrite-quartz vein networks beneath the stratabound ores have homogenization temperatures of 290–360 and 200–300 °C, with calculated salinities of 5–12 and 2–10 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively. Quartz from the skarn ores and veins beneath the stratabound ores have δ18O values of 12.32 ± 0.55 (2 SD, n = 22) and 15.57 ± 1.92‰ (2 SD, n = 60), respectively, corresponding to calculated δ18O values of 6.22 ± 1.59 (2σ) and 6.81 ± 2.76‰ (2σ) for the equilibrated ore-forming fluids. The fluid inclusion and oxygen isotope data thus support a magmatic-hydrothermal origin rather than a SEDEX system for the stratabound ores, with the hydrothermal fluids most likely being derived from the Jitou stock or associated concealed intrusion. Results from this study have broad implications for the genesis and exploration of other stratabound massive sulfide deposits along the MLYMB.

Phanerozoic high-Mg diorites and granodiorites are known to be related to diverse subduction styles at convergent margin settings but have not been linked to collision processes. The Santonggou complex in the eastern Kunlun Orogen is composed of a dominant granodiorite intruded by small stocks and dykes of porphyritic granodiorites and diorites, which are all characterized by high MgO and Ni but low Yb and Y contents. Mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) occur in the granodiorite and the porphyritic granodiorites. LA-ICPMS U-Pb analyses of zircon from the granodiorite, porphyritic granodiorite, and porphyritic diorite yield similar ages of 432 ± 2 Ma, 432 ± 2 Ma, and 427 ± 3 Ma, respectively. Plagioclase in the granodiorite exhibits complex zonations with resorbed and patchy cores. Plagioclase and hornblende phenocrysts in the porphyritic granodiorites and diorites also show textural and compositional zonations. The highest e Nd ( t ) value of 0.6 in MMEs suggests asthenosphere-derived mafic magma. These lines of mineralogical and geochemical evidence together with results from geochemical modeling suggest that the porphyritic diorites were derived from mantle metasomatized slab melts. The porphyritic granodiorites and the granodiorite were generated by simultaneous assimilation and fractional crystallization of the magma approximated by the porphyritic diorites, plus mixing of asthenosphere-derived mafic and evolved granodioritic magmas. Pressure estimates from the Al-in-hornblende geobarometer suggest that the granodiorite had been uplifted to near the surface before the emplacement of the porphyritic granodiorites. Partial melting of the slab, upwelling of the asthenosphere, and rapid orogenic uplift at ~ 430 Ma suggest that the cessation of subduction and the initiation of collision as well as slab break-off occurred almost simultaneously in the eastern Kunlun Orogen.

A new magnetoresistive (MR) thin film with a structure of “antiferromagnetic layer/pinned soft magnetic layer/non-magnetic MgO spacer layer/sensitive NiFe layer” was designed. The barber-pole MR elements with a Wheatstone bridge circuit were fabricated using photolithographic methods. The testing results show that, in comparison to the element with a typical structure of Ta/NiFe/Ta, the fabricated MR element shows significant reduction in the Barkhausen noise and the 1/ f noise and good magnetic stability while maintaining high magnetic field sensitivity. This element with improved signals can be attributed to the magnetostatic coupling between the pinned soft magnetic layer and the sensitive NiFe layer, which can act as a small stabilizing field, leading to the coherent rotation of magnetic moment in the sensitive NiFe layer.

The quality of emergency medical services (EMS) prior to a patient's arrival at a hospital is directly affected by the efficiency to dispatch an ambulance for first aid. In this paper, we created an ambulance dispatching system for first aid, which is integrated with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and performed on a cloud platform. In virtue of ICT, the system can readily monitor the movements of ambulance with Geographic Information System (GIS) and determine any ambulance dispatching task and saves more time spent in transporting an accident victim to a hospital. Furthermore, the system running on a cloud platform is characteristic of integrated medical resources and terminal equipment with or without powerful hardware that is flexibly added into or removed from the system for supporting dispatch.

To investigate the effects and technical points of laparoscopic splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization (LS+ED) for portal hypertension (PH) due to liver cirrhosis.In total, 204 PH patients who underwent LS+ED from January 2008 to April 2013 in the Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and the key technical points and compared the results with other researchers.LS+ED was successfully carried out on 188 patients. The mean duration of surgery was 232±59 minutes, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 189±137 mL, the rate of blood transfusion was 19.6% (40/204), and no deaths occurred during surgery. The mean postoperative interval to passing of flatus was 3.5±0.9 days, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 8.7±2.2 days. Operative complications occurred in 100 patients, of whom 78 had portal vein system thrombosis (PVST). During a postoperative follow-up period of 2-65 months, 15 cases were lost to follow-up, esophagogastric variceal bleeding re-occurred in 7 patients, encephalopathy occurred in 2 patients, and secondary liver cancer occurred in 3 patients. Five patients died during this period.The technical points of LS+ED include a combined surgical approach, a reasonable surgical procedure, and an appropriate laparoscopic operating plane. LS+ED is a safe and effective treatment for minimal trauma and rapid recovery. PVST is a common and potentially life-threatening complication after LS+ED, and anticoagulation therapy should be given early.

40Ar/39Ar laser incremental heating analyses of supergene K-Mn oxides from weathering profiles at the Baye Mn deposit, southern Yunnan Plateau, SW China, were carried out to place constraints on the timing of weathering and derive insights into local paleoclimatic and landscape evolution. Weathering profiles in the Baye Mn mine are dominated by 20–30 m thick saprolites, which are locally covered by unconsolidated alluvial deposits. We analyzed 70 grains from 35 hand samples collected from four sites located at distinct elevations. In most cases, different grains from the same hand sample and different samples from the same site have reproducible 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages. The plateau ages of individual grains are also consistent with the respective isochron, integrated, and ideogram ages. This age consistency attests to the reliability of the geochronological results as numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of these weathering profiles. Sixty-four grains from 32 hand samples collected from weathering profiles at four sites (A to D) yield well-defined plateau or pseudoplateau ages ranging from 2.98 ± 0.07 to

This paper takes the large space air-conditioned buildings air-conditioned buildings as research subjects and sets numerical conditions of large space air-conditioned buildings prototype to conduct a simulation study by means of numerical simulation.Numerical and experimental results show that the standard k-εturbulence model can be used to describe the characteristics of the large space air-conditioned buildings building;the experimental results of a typical location room temperature basically consistent with the numerical results of the prototype and enlarged model.Results of this study will provide a useful reference for the researches of large space air-conditioned buildings air-conditioned building.

Trace elements and U–Th–Pb isotopes of hydrothermal allanite from the Beiminghe iron skarn deposit (eastern North China Craton) were simultaneously analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) to demonstrate the suitability and robustness of the U–Th–Pb system in this phase as a geochronometer of ore-forming processes. Allanite grains from the Beiminghe deposit, typically exhibit optical and chemical zoning and are intergrown or texturally equilibrated with prograde and/or retrograde skarn assemblages mainly consisting of tremolite, diopside, magnetite, and garnet. In addition, they contain abundant aqueous two-phase or daughter mineral-bearing three-phase aqueous fluid inclusions, confirming their hydrothermal origin. Most grains have high La/Ce ratios (1.19–1.74) and thus are classified as allanite-(La). A notable feature of the hydrothermal allanite-(La) is the lack of common Pb, with values comparable with those of the zircon standards 91500 and GJ-1 used in this study. LA-ICPMS spot analyses reveal remarkable variation in Ca, REEs (rare earth elements), Fe, Al, and Mg within a single grain, consistent with the substitution of REE3 + + Mg + Fe2 + for Ca + Al + Fe3 + in the mineral structure. Traverses of zoned grains show that the rims have Th/U ratios ranging from 0.73 to 11.55, significantly higher than the core areas (0.07–1.81). Fifty-nine spot analyses (beam size of 32 μm or 60 μm) on 5 allanite-(La) grains yield reproducible 206Pb/238U ages of 134 ± 7 to 139 ± 6 Ma, with a weighted mean 206Pb*/238U age (206Pbexcess-corrected 206Pb/238U age) of 136 ± 1 Ma (2σ). Of these, 34 analyses on allanite rims have a weighted mean 208Pb/232Th age of 139 ± 2 Ma (2σ) that is within error of the 206Pb*/238U age. The dating results showed that an increase of beam size from 32 to 60 μm significantly reduces the analytical uncertainties (2σ). Petrographic and textural data have demonstrated that the allanite-(La) grains formed during skarn alteration and notably have close paragenetic relationships with retrograde skarn assemblages and iron oxide minerals; their U–Th–Pb ages therefore are interpreted as the timing of iron skarn mineralization at Beiminghe. Thirteen zircon grains from the ore-related diorite intrusion have a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 136 ± 2 Ma (2σ), consistent with and thus confirming the reliability of the allanite-(La) U–Th–Pb ages when interpreted as the formation age of the Beiminghe iron deposit. Our results suggest that hydrothermal allanite with low Th and U is a promising U–Th–Pb geochronometer and can provide reliable constraints on the timing of hydrothermal mineralization without requiring a matrix-matched external standard. The present dating results also indicate that the U–Pb, rather than Th–Pb, isotope system is preferable for U–Th–Pb dating of low Th/U allanite.

The Zhoukoudian pluton in the North China craton is a circular granodiorite intrusion containing porphyritic diorite dykes (PDDs), porphyritic granodiorite dykes (PGDs) and abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs), which provide an excellent opportunity to study fractional crystallization and magma mixing. The PDDs and PGDs are located in the western part of the pluton with the PDDs intruded by the PGDs. The dykes have similar mineral assemblages although plagioclase in the PDDs has higher anorthite content than the PGDs. Linear relationships between the SiO2 and most major and trace element contents, as well as a positive trend of initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and a negative trend of epsilon Nd values with increasing SiO2 contents for the dykes suggest that both types were formed by assimilation and fractional crystallization of a common parental magma. Major oxide mass balance and trace element Rayleigh fractionation modeling points to early separation of garnet (11 %), clinopyroxene (27 %), orthopyroxene (16 %), plagioclase (25 %), biotite (19 %), and apatite (2 %) and late fractionation of hornblende (25 %), plagioclase (46 %), biotite (25 %), apatite (1 %), and magnetite (3 %). Most MMEs occur within the transitional granodiorite of the Zhoukoudian pluton. Zoned MMEs, dyke-like MME swarms, local presence of concave margins, veins and enclaves of host granodiorite within some MMEs, and several MMEs surrounded by the biotite-rich granodiorite support their formation by multiple magma mixing events, which finally resulted in different whole-rock major oxides and compatible elements, but homogeneous mineral major oxides (except zoned plagioclase), whole-rock incompatible elements and Sr-Nd isotopes between the MMEs and their host granodiorite. We suggest that multiple magma mixing events might also cause complexly zoned plagioclase in the Zhoukoudian pluton. Relative calcic, irregular or patchy cores and dusty zoned mantles from the zoned plagioclase crystals and their relatively low anorthite content indicate multiple mixing events between mafic/intermediate and felsic magmas. The mafic/intermediate end-members could be represented by the diabase dykes and the PDDs. Therefore, the dykes and MMEs in the Zhoukoudian pluton are genetically linked.

Podiform chromitites in the mantle sections of ophiolites belong to either high-Cr (metallurgical) or high-Al (refractory) varieties. Their highly variable compositions are reflected by different Cr#s [100Cr / (Cr + Al)] and Cr2O3 and Al2O3 contents of the chromite, falling in the boninitic and MORB fields, respectively. Parental magmas of high-Cr chromitites have higher Sc, Mn, Co and Ni, and lower Ti, V, Zn and Ga concentrations than MORB melts; their trace-element patterns are similar to those of boninites, except for Ni and Zn. In contrast, high-Al chromitites have parental magmas characterized by generally flat MORB-normalized patterns, showing slight enrichments in V, Mn and Co, and depletion in Ni and Zn. Regardless of their compositions, both types of chromitites have chondrite-normalized platinum group element (PGE) patterns showing enrichment in IPGE and depletion in PPGE. A variety of platinum group minerals are typically present in both types, occurring either as euhedral inclusions or along fractures in chromite grains. These minerals have a wide span of Re–Os isotopic compositions, reflecting a variety of origins. There is a diversity of unusual minerals and mineral inclusions associated with podiform chromitites. The presence of these minerals suggest that grains of amphibolite (plagioclase, amphibole and zircon) and eclogite (coesite, kyanite and garnet) were present in the magmas from which chromite crystallized. Multiphase mineral inclusions demonstrate that podiform chromitites form from hydrous mafic magmas in suprasubduction zone environments (SSZ). We propose a new model in which chromitite formation was involved in intra-oceanic subduction zones initiated in closing oceanic basins. Continued subduction carries oceanic and possibly continental crustal materials to deep levels where they are metamorphosed under greenschist, amphibolite and eclogite facies conditions. The tearing and breakoff of the subducted slab, possibly along the transitional contact between amphibolites and eclogites, create a slab window through which the underlying asthenosphere rises and melts to generate Cr-rich mafic magmas. These upward-migrating magmas pass through the subduction zone and assimilate the subducted slab. As a result of slab contamination, these magmas become more siliceous, more oxidized and more hydrous, rapidly triggering chromite crystallization. Minute grains of chromite are suspended in the upward-moving magmas as they migrate through the overlying metasomatized mantle wedge. Such chromite-bearing magmas eventually deposit chromite in magma conduits in the uppermost mantle close to the Moho where the upward flow changes from vertical to subhorizontal and velocity is greatly reduced. Highly reduced and ultrahigh pressure minerals including diamonds are reported in literature both in podiform chromitites and host peridotites of ophiolites. Some of these minerals in association with host peridotites may have been brought by the uprising asthenosphere at mid-oceanic ridges due to the mantle convection. It is also possible that some diamonds may have formed in the subducted slab below about 150 km. Some minerals of subducted slabs are preserved because they are encapsulated in chromite grains where they are protected from the SSZ melts. Some of these SSZ mantle wedges are emplaced on land to become podiform chromitite-bearing ophiolites.

The reliability of security system affects the ability of the system to protect people's lives and property safety. Failure risk assessment of security system is an effective method to test the reliability of the system. The fault tree analysis method has been applied to analyze the system failure risk from the angle of each part and considering the human factors. The traditional fault tree analysis method assumes that the probability of bottom events is certain to calculate the top event probability. To obtain accurate bottom events probability is difficult, even impossible because statistical data is not sufficient and the bottom events is fuzzy in fact. Analysis of the fuzzy mathematics theory is introduced into the fault tree. The calculation provides reference for the system design and management.

China has a rich reserve of iron ores and hosts most of the major types of iron deposits recognized worldwide. However, among these, the banded iron formation (BIF), skarn, apatite–magnetite, volcanic-hosted, sedimentary hematite and magmatic Ti–Fe–(V) deposits constitute the most economically important types. High-grade iron ores (> 50% Fe) are relatively rare, and are mostly represented by the skarn-type. Most of the BIF deposits formed in the Neoarchean, with a peak at ~ 2.5 Ga, and are mainly distributed in the North China Craton. The majority of these is associated with volcanic rocks, and therefore belongs to the Algoma-type. The superior-type BIF deposits formed during the Paleoproterozoic occur subordinately (ca. 25%), and are related mainly to rifts (or passive continental margins). In addition, minor Superior-type BIF deposits have also been recognized. The skarn iron deposits are widely distributed in China, especially in the uplifted areas of eastern China, and form several large iron ore clusters. These ore deposits are genetically associated with intermediate, intermediate-felsic and felsic intrusions with a peak age of formation at ca. 130 Ma. They display common characteristics including alteration and nature of mineralization. The apatite–magnetite deposits occurring in the Ningwu and Luzong Cretaceous terrigenous volcanic basins along the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Valley, are spatially and temporally associated with dioritic subvolcanic intrusions. The ores in this type are characterized by magnetite and apatite. The volcanic-hosted iron deposits are associated with submarine volcanic-sedimentary sequences, and are widely distributed in the orogenic belts of western China, including Western Tianshan, Eastern Tianshan, Beishan, Altay, Kaladawan area in the eastern part of the Altyn Tagh Mountain and southwestern margin of South China Block. These deposits show a considerable age range, from Proterozoic to Mesozoic, but with more than 70% were formed in the Paleozoic, especially during the Late Paleozoic. The metallogenesis in these deposits can be correlated to the space–time evolution of the submarine volcanism, and their relationship to volcanic lithofacies variation, such as central, proximal and distal environments of ore formation. The sedimentary hematite deposits are widespread in China, among which the “Xuanlong-type” in the North China Craton and the “Ningxiang-type” in the South China Block are the most economically important. All these deposits formed during transgressions in a shallow-marine environment. Magmatic Ti–Fe–(V) deposits are dominantly distributed in the Panxi area in Sichuan province and Chengde area in Hebei province. They are dominated low-grade disseminated ores, and unlike the other types of iron deposits, associated sulfide deposits are absent, with magnetite, titanomagnetite and ilmenite as the dominant ore minerals. In the Panxi area in the central Emeishan large igneous province along the western margin of South China Block, the ores are hosted in the ca. 260 Ma mafic layered intrusions, whereas the ores in the Chengde area are associated with the Mesoproterozoic anorthosite complex. The distinct spatio-temporal characteristics of the various iron deposits in China correlate with the multiple tectono-magmatic events associated with the prolonged geological history of the region involving accretion, assembly and rifting.

The Daye District represents one of the largest concentrations of Cu–Fe–Au skarn deposits in China, with additional porphyry Cu–Mo deposits. These deposits are closely associated with late Mesozoic intrusions of intermediate to felsic composition. Previous studies have yielded important age constraints for several deposits, timing and history of metallogenesis for the entire district, however, remain not well understood. In this paper, we present twenty-five new ages (Re–Os, 40Ar/39Ar, and U–Pb) to better understand the temporal framework of the district-wide polymetallic mineralization. These ages, when combined with existing data, indicate a prolonged history of mineralization lasting 25 million years from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous (157–132 Ma), and that most ore deposits of the district are results of multistage hydrothermal activity. Discrete episodes of ore formation coincide well with emplacement ages of granitoid intrusions within the district as revealed by recent zircon U–Pb dating. This age consistency substantiates a genetic relationship between ore formation and intrusive magmatism. Prolonged and episodic magmatic and hydrothermal activities must have played significant roles in the formation of polymetallic ore deposits in the district by repeatedly supplying heat, fluids, and metals. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Daye District was dominated by lithospheric extension during late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, when extensive magmatism and mineralization took place. Under the extensional setting, the area could have experienced significant uplift or extensional exhumation that would have brought early-stage intrusions and associated ore deposits to shallower levels, with ore bodies formed by subsequent magmatic–hydrothermal events tending to be localized at greater depth. This in turn indicates potentials to find new ore bodies at depth of known deposits, especially for those formed by episodic magmatic–hydrothermal processes. This view is partly confirmed by the recent success in deep exploration beneath the Tieshan Fe–Cu and Tonglushan Cu–Au–Fe deposits.