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Background Syncope is common in children and adolescents,with 15% estimated to have had at least one syncopal episode by age 18.In recent years,an increasing number of children,especially girls at their school age,have developed unexplained syncope.The mechanism of an unexplained syncope exhibited by children is incompletely studied;the association between different hemodynamic patterns and clinical features is also not clear.The aim of the study was to investigate the hemodynamic patterns of children with unexplained syncope and to examine the clinical relevance.Methods Two hundred and eight children [87 boys,121 girls,aged 3-19 years,mean(11.66±2.72) years] were selectively recruited from May 2000 to April 2006 when they presented syncope as their main complaint at the Multi-center Network for Childhood Syncope in Beijing,Hunan Province,Hubei Province,and Shanghai of China.All of the patients underwent head-up tilt tests;data were analyzed using SPSS version 10.0 for Windows.Continuous variables were expressed as the mean±standard deviation.Dichotomous variables were compared through a χ2 test.A value of P0.05(two sided) was regarded as statistically significant.Results The age distribution of children with syncope was approximately normal.Head-up tilt tests was positive in 155 children,and the incidence of positive response of the baseline head-up tilt test for diagnosing unexplained syncope was 50.48%.The sensitivity value and diagnostic value of sublingual nitroglycerin head-up tilt test were both 74.52%.The hemodynamic pattern was normal in 53 children.The 155 children,who were positive in head-up tilt tests,showed signs of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome(60,28.8%),the vasoinhibitory pattern(72,34.6%),the cardioinhibitory pattern(5,2.4%),and the mixed pattern(18,8.7%).The gender distribution between the two age groups(age 12 years vs age ≥ 12 years) was not different(P0.05).The distribution of hemodynamic patterns between the children of the two age groups(age 12 years vs age ≥ 12 years),and the children with different complaints(dizziness vs syncope) was significantly different(P0.05),while the distribution between the children of different sexes and different lasting time of syncope(≤ 5 minutes vs 5 minutes) was not significantly different(P0.05).Different hemodynamic patterns were differentiated by differing syncope inducements,presymptoms,and complicated symptoms during and after syncope.Conclusion The tested girls were more prone when compared with the boys to have unexplained syncope,and the peak age was around twelve years old.The incidence of positive response of head-up tilt tests was also relatively higher for the girls.The distribution of hemodynamic patterns for different ages was different.For children with unexplained syncope,we should use head-up tilttests to distinguish the hemodynamic patterns in order to adopt rational therapeutic measures.

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccine is a promising immunotherapy for malignancies, but its clinical efficacy has been questioned. Here we examined the mechanisms of treatment failure with DC vaccine in a murine colon cancer model. DC vaccination of naive mice prevents tumor implantation, but it is ineffective in tumor-bearing hosts despite the induction of tumor-specific CTL activity. Analyses of tumor-specific T helper cell type 1 (Th1)/T helper cell type 2 (Th2) responses showed that DC vaccine induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response in naive mice. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells from tumor-bearing mice showed a Th1-predominant response before DC vaccination but Th2 after DC vaccination. Furthermore, interleukin-10 production was higher in CD4+ T cells from vaccinated tumor-bearing mice than in CD4+ T cells from unvaccinated tumor-bearing mice. CD4+ T cells from mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-matured DC fusion vaccine had lower production of interleukin-10 than CD4+ T cells from mice treated with non-LPS-treated DC vaccine. However, similar to the non-LPS-treated DC vaccine, the LPS-matured DC vaccine failed to suppress tumor growth and induced a Th2 predominant tumor-specific response in tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that the presence of tumor in the host induces an aberrant CD4+ T cell response to DC vaccine, which may contribute to the failure of the vaccine to eradicate established tumors.

Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccine is a promising therapy for malignancies. Recent studies showed greater potency with DC/tumor fusion vaccines against acute myeloid leukemia and melanoma compared with lysate-pulsed DC vaccines. We compared these two vaccine strategies against murine colon cancer and investigated whether DC/tumor fusion cells continue to produce tumor antigens following fusion as a possible explanation for their increased potency. Using a mouse colon cancer model, CT26, we first showed that the DC/CT26 fusion vaccine is more effective in preventing tumor implantation than CT26 lysate-pulsed DC vaccine. Next, CT26 made to constitutively produce bioactive TGF-β, a surrogate of tumor-derived products, was fused to DCs and found to produce bioactive TGF-β 72 h after fusion. Our results suggest the DC/tumor fusion vaccine is more potent against colon cancer than the lysate-pulsed DC vaccine. These fusion cells have the distinct advantage of prolonged interaction with tumor antigens in vivo.

A sensitive and specific method was developed for the determination of sophoridine (SRI), sophocarpine (SC) and matrine (MT) in rabbit plasma by HPLC-MS. After an administration of Kuhuang by injection, blood samples were collected and extracted with methanol. The extract solutions were analysed by HPLC-MS method. The separation was performed on a ZORBAX Extend-C18 column using methanol/water/diethylamine (50:50:0.07, v/v/v) as mobile phase. The quinolizidine alkaloids were detected by using mass spectrometry in the SIM mode. There was a good linear relationship between peak area and concentration of analytes over the concentration range of 13.2-995.0 ng mL(-1) for SRI, 7.0-530.0 ng mL(-1) for SC and 8.8-655.0 ng mL(-1) for MT, respectively. The absolute recovery of this method was more than 57% for SRI, 87% for SC and 91% for MT. The accuracy of assay was more than 90%. The limits of detection (LODs) were 6.8 ng mL(-1) for SRI, 3.5 ng mL(-1) for SC and 4.2 ng mL(-1) for MT, respectively. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 13.2 ng mL(-1) for SRI, 7.0 ng mL(-1) for SC and 8.8 ng mL(-1) for MT, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation (RSDs) were less than 10.1, 6.3 and 5.8% for SRI, SC and MT, respectively. The developed method was applied to determine the concentration-time profiles of SRI, SC and MT in rabbit plasma after injection of Kuhuang.

Based on multi-point forming (MPF) technology, a novel digital manufacturing method of cranial titanium plates for the repair of skull defects is developed in this paper. First, a 3D triangular mesh model of the skull is constructed from a CT data set. Then, a non-uniform rational B-splines-format (NURBS-format) patch surface is obtained by surface interpolation based on the skull polygon model. Finally, the patch surface model is input to MPF CAD/CAM software and the cranial titanium prosthesis is deformed by an MPF press. The method has many new features compared with other means. Implementing medical image processing and MPF technology, the method can remarkably shorten the production cycle of titanium cranioplasty, as well as offer improved fitting precision. About 20 practical applications have been finished, which prove the feasibility and efficiency of the method.

Weldbonding is a new joining technique that combines the spot welding with the adhesive bonding. It has found more and more applications in recent years because of its unique advantages. However, researches on the new technique are few especially on the long-term stress and strength of weldbonded structures. In the present paper, three-dimensional viscoplastic finite element analyses (FEA) of a single-lap weldbonded joint are conducted to investigate the stress redistribution. The results show that stresses increase obviously near the interface between the adhesive and the weld spot with the creep of adhesive. The adhesive tends to distribute its stresses more uniformly and transfer some loads to the weld spot. The stress concentration factor of weldbonded joint is significantly lower than that of the direct spot-weld in connection. The simulations illustrate that increasing of creep parameter will enhance the maximum stress level in the weld spot.

ZnO thin film, as a promising piezoelectric material, possesses unique electrical, acoustical, and optical properties. In this paper, Al/ZnO thin film was deposited on Si wafer by magnetron sputtering. Highly oriented, dense, and fine-grain polycrystalline ZnO films with excellent surface flatness and high resistivities have been obtained, when the sputtered gas pressure was 0.9 Pa, the temperature was 200 °C and the Ar-to-O2 ratio was 1:3. A 780MHz surface acoustic wave filter (SAWF) has been successfully fabricated using the Al/ZnO film on silicon wafer.

Functionally graded coating (FGC) has been widely used in severe conditions for its excellent mechanical characteristics compared with pure coating material. The graded component in the FGC can be described by specified local volume fraction rules of coating material. In this paper an inhomogeneous finite element method is used to investigate the crack behavior in FGC at elevated temperature with the powerlaw constitutive equation. The path‐ independent integral value C* characterizes amplitude of the crack tip stress fields at steady stage. Different volume fractions of coating material, creep coefficients and creep indices are analyzed by systematic computation to obtain the effects of these factors on crack growth and obtain the knowledge to minimize crack damage in the FGC. In addition, strain energy density rate factor, ?, is proposed as a material parameter for measuring crack resistance capability in creep conditions. The preliminary analysis with ? is also applied in FGC and the numerical...

Two different exchange-correlation functionals with van der Waals correction are employed to investigate the electronic properties of 2D heterostructure with a special configuration of Moire pattern. It is found that, for both PBE and HSE06 functional, the new van der Waals heterostructure that consists of monolayer and 2D lepidocrocite-type exhibits a type-II band alignment between the and layers, and the electronic structures of monolayer and 2D are well retained in their respective layers due to a weak interlaminar coupling, which indicates that the new heterostructure may have potential applications in many fields such as photocatalysis, photoelectric devices, solar cells, etc. Furthermore, a novel design scheme based on the new 2D van der Waals heterostructure is proposed for a solar cell, and the corresponding power conversion efficiency is estimated to be about 8%.

Polarization dynamics in a 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (1550 nm VCSEL) under parallel optical injection (POI) is investigated experimentally, and we experimentally observe the state bistability (SB) between pure- and mixed-mode states by scanning the injection power along different routes. Such a SB occurs only when the frequency of injection light is lower than that of the excited mode of a free-running 1550 nm VCSEL. Moreover, the effect of frequency detuning on the hysteresis loop width is analyzed.

Nonlinear dynamics associated with polarization switching (PS) in a 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with orthogonal optical injection is investigated theoretically by scanning the injected power. The results show that, adjusting injected powers may induce complex variation of dynamical state of each polarization mode and PS. When the PS happens, its dynamical states can be located at an injection locking state or not, which depends on the frequency detuning between the injected field and the VCSEL. Detailed mappings of polarization-resolved nonlinear dynamical states are calculated to unveil a rich variety of dynamical scenarios for different scanning routes of injected power in the parameter space of injected power and frequency detuning, and show that the dynamical states and PS are critically dependent on the scanning routes of the injected power under the case of larger current.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between polymorphisms in Claudin-1 (CLDN1) and the risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population. In this study, a case-control study was conducted in which polymorphisms in CLDN1 were analyzed in 50 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and 50 healthy individuals as controls. No rs16865344 and rs17429833 polymorphism were found among all analyzed samples. For the rs17501976 polymorphism, the TC genotype (OR = 0. 41, 95% CI = 0.18-0.91, and P = 0.045) was closely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer compared with the more common TT genotype. And the TC + CC genotypes (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18-0.91, and P = 0.045) were also significantly associated with the risk of CRC compared with the TT genotype. However, a C > T change of the rs17501976 polymorphism did not show a difference in transcription factor binding to the promoter region of CLDN1. For rs12696600 polymorphism, no significant difference was found in colorectal cancer risk between cases and controls in corresponding genotypes. Collectively, our data suggest that rs17501976 polymorphism significantly associated with a decreased susceptibility to CRC in a Chinese population.

This paper retrieved the fractional vegetation cover of alpine grassland in the source region of the Shule River Basin based on Chinese environmental satellite (HJ-1A/1B) images and field data, and analyzed the response of the vegetation cover to topographic factors and types of frozen ground. The results showed that the vegetation coverage of this region was low with large spatial heterogeneity and high degree of dispersion. The landscape consisted mainly of non-vegetation surface types, eg. ice, snow, the bare rock gravel land and bare land. Slopes and aspects were the main limiting factors of vegetation distribution. The average vegetation coverage decreased with the increase of slope. The average vegetation coverage was the lowest on the sunny slope, and the highest on the shady slope. There were significant differences of vegetation coverage among different types of frozen ground. The distribution of vegetation coverage presented a reversed "U" curve trend by extremely stable permafrost, stable permafrost, sub-stable permafrost, transition permafrost, unstable permafrost and seasonal frost, and the average vegetation coverage was the highest in the sub-stable permafrost.

Interleukin-36α (IL-36α), previously designated as IL-1F6, has been found to have a pathogenic role in psoriasis. However, possible functions of IL-36α in cancer remain unclear. In present study, we investigate the possible role of interleukin-36α involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. IL-36α expression was detected in 345 colorectal cancer tissue samples by immunohistochemical staining, and its relation with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients were analyzed. IL-36α was highly expressed in nearly half of all tested colorectal cancer patients. However, low expression level of IL-36α significantly correlated with larger tumor size and advanced TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that low expression level of IL-36α resulted in a remarkably poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Multivariate Cox’s analysis revealed that the IL-36α expression level was a significant and independent prognostic factor for overall survival rate of colorectal cancer patients. Thus, our study may provide insight into the application of IL-36α as a novel predictor of prognosis and a potential therapeutic drug for colorectal cancer.

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non‑coding RNA, which targets mRNAs of interest and suppresses its expression by degradation or translational inhibition. miRNA (miR)‑125a and miR‑125b were previously demonstrated to translationally and transcriptionally inhibit the expression of p53. The observed downregulation of the protein level of p53 in cisplatin‑treated patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) indicates the association between cisplatin resistance, miR‑125a and miR‑125b. In the present study, through the detection of the expression levels of miR‑125a and miR‑125b, a significant upregulation of these miRs was demonstrated in cisplatin‑treated patients with NPC. As a consequence, the protein expression level of p53 decreased notably. To confirm the induction of miR‑125a and miR‑125b by treatment with cisplatin, a cisplatin‑resistant TW03 cell model (TW03/DDP) was constructed. As expected, in the TW03/DDP cells, the expression levels of miR‑125a and miR‑125b were upregulated, and this caused downregulation of p53. Ectopic expression of these miRNAs in the TW03 cell model sensitized TW03 to cisplatin by decreasing the protein expression levels of p53, whereas ectopic expression in the antisense oligos of these microRNAs demonstrated the opposite effect. In addition, the present demonstrated that the cisplatin‑induced expression of miR‑125a and miR‑125b inhibited cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in the TW03 cells by decreasing the protein expression levels of p53. Taken together, the present study revealed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that induction of the expression of miR‑125a and miR‑125b by treatment with cisplatin resulted in resistance to the cisplatin drug in the NPC cells.

LAMOST is a 4m reflecting Schmidt telescope special designed for conducting multifiber spectroscopic survey with 4000 fibers. Fiber position errors greatly impact spectral data SNR. There are three groups of sources that contribute to fiber position errors: errors orthogonal to the optical axis of telescope, errors parallel to the optical axis, and the fiber tilt from the telescope optical axis. It is difficult to measure these errors, especially during the observation. In this poster, we propose an indirect method to calculate the total and systematic position errors for each individual fiber from spectra data by constructing a model of magnitude loss due to the fiber position error for the point source.

The large sky area multi-object fiber spectroscopic telescope (LAMOST) is an innovative reflecting schmidt telescope, promising a very high spectrum acquiring rate of several ten-thousands of spectra per night. By using the parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, LAMOST makes reconfiguration of fibers accurately according to the positions of objects in minutes and fine adjusting the fibers. During telescope observation period, each optical fiber unit positional accuracy directly determines the quality of subsequent spectrum acqusition, yet for real-time optical fiber positional accuracy, there only exists an internal information feedback which focus on the corresponding stepper motor driving conditions, however, this available information is not comprehensive, it can not offer the actual positional information for each fiber unit. Considering the LAMOST on-site environment, a novel real-time optical fiber positional accuracy detection system which can be integrated in the existing observation and control system need to be developed to solve this problem. During the observation interval, this system can offer a comprehensive and effective information feedback about the focal optical fiber positional accuracy. Based on this feedback, the observation assistants can properly adjust the observation strategies to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of acquired spectrum. Furthermore, this fiber positional accuracy feedback can provide prior spectral quality information to the spectral processing personnel and optimal the spectrum processing efficiency.

Five new highly oxygenated eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids, possessing C19 (1 and 2), C15 (3 and 4), and C14 (8) skeletons, along with eight known eremophilenolides were obtained from the aerial parts of Ligularia sagitta. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by X-ray diffraction analysis and that of 3 by ECD spectroscopy. Compounds 1–10 were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Staphyloccocus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Erwinia carotovora. Compounds 4 and 5 displayed broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against these bacteria with MIC values of approximately 7.25 μg/mL, followed by 3 and 6 with MIC values in the range of 23.0–125.0 μg/mL. Compounds 3 and 8 showed mild activity against three human tumor cell lines (IC50 ≈ 13 μM). Preliminary structure–activity relationships for these eremophilenolides are reported.

Precise fiber positioning is crucial to a wide field, multi-fiber spectroscopic survey like LAMOST. Nowadays, most position error measurements are based on CCD photographic and imaging processing techniques. Those methods only work for measuring errors orthogonal to the telescope optical axis, while there also lies errors parallel to the telescope optical axis, like defocusing, and error caused by the existing deviation angle between optical axes of a fiber and the telescope. Directly measuring two latter types of position errors is difficult for individual fiber, especially during observation. Possible sources of fiber position errors are discussed in brief for LAMOST. By constructing a model of magnitude loss due to the fiber position error for a point source, we propose an indirect method to calculate the total and systematic position errors for each individual fiber from spectra data. Restrictions and applications of this method are also discussed., 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Six new highly oxygenated eudesmane sesquiterpenoid glucosides, senedensiscins A-F (1-6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Senecio densiserratus. Their structures with the absolute configurations were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. These compounds represent an unprecedented type of sesquiterpenoid glucoside with the angeloyl group directly connected to the glucosyl moiety and their cytotoxicity was evaluated against the selected human cell lines, HL-60, SMMC-7721, and HeLa. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

To compare clinical effects between Pavlik harness and Bryant traction in treating femoral shaft fractures in infants,including the time of hospitalization, expense of treatment, complications,time of bone union.From May 2005 to August 2010,the clinical data of 42 infants with femoral shaft fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, 23 cases were treated with Pavlik harness(Pavlik harness group),there were 14 males and 9 females,ranging in age from 1 to 12 months with an average of (5.5+/-2.4) months,including upper 1/3 segment of 16 cases and middle segment of 7 cases; transverse fracture of 18 cases and oblique fracture of 5 cases. The other 19 patients were treated with Bryant traction (Bryant traction group),there were 15 males and 4 females,ranging in age from 2 to 12 months with an average of (6.7+/-2.8) months,including upper 1/3 segment of 13 cases and middle segment of 6 cases;transverse fracture of 12 cases and oblique fracture of 7 cases. The time of hospitalization,expense of treatment,complications,time of bone union were analyzed in the patients.All patients were followed up with an average of 25.3 months (ranging from 19 to 30) in Pavlik harness group and 23.7 months (ranging from 17 to 28) in Bryant traction group. Time of hospitalization, expense of treatment in Pavlik harness group were respectively (0.4+/-0.7) d, (2147.7+/-64.9) yuan; and in Bryant traction group were respectively(27.1+/-2.2) d, (2741.3+/-227.6) yuan;there was significant difference between two groups(P0.05). No complication was found in Pavlik harness group and 8 cases complicated with skin hydroa in Bryant traction group, there was significant difference between two groups (P0.05). Time of bone union,difference of both lower extremities in Pavlik harness group were respectively (4.1+/-0.3)weeks, (6.3+/-4.1) mm;and in Bryant traction group were respectively (3.9+/-0.3) weeks, (7.6 +/-4.3) mm; 20 cases got bone healing in Pavlik harness group and 18 cases got bone healing in Bryant traction group;there was no significant difference between two groups (P0.05).Compared with Bryant traction method,Pavlik harness method has obvious advantages in time of hospitalization, expense of treatment, complications in treating femoral shaft fractures in infants.

Fas ligand (CD95L) is synthesized both on the cell surface membrane and in a soluble form. Although CD95L contributes to immune privilege in the cornea and testis, the functions of these alternatively processed proteins are not well understood. Some reports suggest that the cytotoxicity of soluble CD95L is insignificant, whereas others show potent responses in vivo, including hepatocyte apoptosis that causes liver failure. We show here that extracellular matrix proteins interact with soluble CD95L and potentiate its pro-apoptotic activity. The cytotoxicity of supernatants from CD95L-expressing cells was increased by incubation on tissue culture plates coated with these matrix proteins; this effect was mediated by trimeric soluble CD95L. With the use of immunoprecipitation, it was found that CD95L binds directly to fibronectin. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of the cornea revealed that soluble CD95L binds primarily to extracellular matrix. The retention of soluble CD95L on extracellular matrices is likely to play an important role in the development of peripheral tolerance in immune-privileged sites.

The task of flux calibration for LAMOST (Large sky Area Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope) spectra is difficult due to many factors. For example, the lack of standard stars, flat fielding for large field of view, and variation of reddening between different stars especially at low galactic latitudes etc. Poor selection, bad spectral quality, or extinction uncertainty of standard stars not only might induce errors to the calculated spectral response curve (SRC), but also might lead to failures in producing final 1D spectra. In this paper, we inspected spectra with Galactic latitude |b|>=60 degree and reliable stellar parameters, determined through the LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline (LASP), to study the stability of the spectrograph. To guarantee the selected stars had been observed by each fiber, we selected 37,931 high quality exposures of 29,000 stars from LAMOST DR2, and more than 7 exposures for each fiber. We calculated the SRCs for each fiber for each exposure, and calculated the statistics of SRCs for spectrographs with both the fiber variations and time variations. The result shows that the average response curve of each spectrograph (henceforth ASPSRC) is relatively stable with statistical errors, 23 pages,22 figures, accepted by ApJS

To study the effect of neonatal immunization with different dosage allergen on the immunity of mice when grown.Fifty neonatal BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups randomly and subcutaneous injected with different dosage of ovalbumin (OVA) on day 1, 8 and 15 after born [NS group(10): injected with saline alone; NS + AL group (10): injected with saline and AL(OH)3; small dosage (SD) group (15): injected with 10 microg OVA and AL(OH)3; large dosage (LD) group (15): injected with 1000 microg OVA and AL(OH)3]. The mice were then challenged using caudal vein injection on 5 weeks old (NS group and NS + AL group were challenged with saline, SD group and LD group were challenged with 100 microg OVA). The blood was collected 1 week later to examine OVA specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a. Mononuclear cells were drawn from the spleen and cultured. Concentration of IL-4, IFN-r, IL-10 was examined in the cultural supernatant. Flow cytometry was used to test the expression of CD4+ IL-4+, CD4+ IFN-gamma+, CD4 IL-10 cells.It was found that concentration of OVA specific IgE (OVA-sIgE) in SD group (0.33 +/- 0.18) was significantly higher than that of NS (0.07 +/- 0.01) and NS + AL (0.09 +/- 0.04) group (t value was -3.46 and -3.21, all P0.01), and LD group (0.17 +/- 0.10) as well (t = 2.58, P0.05). The concentration of OVA-sIgE was higher in LD group than that of NS group (t = -2.53, P0.05), but similar with that of NS + AL group (t = -2.04, P0.05). Both the concentration of OVA-sIgG1 and sIgG2a was higher in SD and LD group than that of NS and NS + AL group (all P0.05). The concentration of IL-4, IFN-gamma and IL-10 in the cultural supernatant of spleen mononuclear was all higher in SD group than that of NS and NS + AL group (all P0.01). The ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 was significantly lower in SD group than that of NS and NS + AL group (t value was 2.14, 3.44, all P0.05), while the same ratio was higher in LD group than that of NS and NS + AL group (t value was -2.14, -1.61, all P0.05). Ratio of CD4+ IL-4+ cells was significant lower in LD group than that of SD group (P0.05), while it was not different with that of NS and NS + AL group (P0. 05).Neonatal immunization with low dosage OVA could generate a specific immunity with Th2 direction, while with large dosage OVA could generate a specific immunity with Th1 direction.

Two novel iridoids triohimas A (1) and C (3) with an unusual δ-lactone-containing skeleton were isolated from Triosteum himalayanum Wall. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic analyses and X-ray crystallography. The absolute configuration was established by computational methods. They were also tested for the in vitro cytotoxicity against L1210 cell line.

his paper presents a method of determining the upper and lower bounds of dynamic reliability for the structural system with multidegree-of-freedom by considering the “weakest link”. First, a new computational strategy of dynamic reliability analysis of structural system under stationary random response is submitted. Secondly, a simplification and improvement of the Poisson formula in dynamic reliability computation of the system with single degree of freedom is described. Finally, the method is applied to a large antenna structure to demonstrate the algorithm.

An approach to the analysis of the magnetic levitation of the projectile in the coilgun's interior trajectory is proposed. The magnetic force acting upon the armature has the nature of a restoring force but its profile changes in every instant. So the transverse movement of the projectile can not be described by an ordinary oscillation caused by a restoring force. Since the transit process is calculated numerically step by step and all the necessary data are obtained at each step the analysis of the levitation motion can be implemented in the same way conveniently. The character of the magnetic forces acting upon the armature is analyzed in derail. The computation of the magnetic levitation during the whole transit process of a 5-stage gun is presented.

Urban fast rail transit system represented by the special lines for passenger transportation and the intercity railway will be the one of modernized rail traffic in our country, which will exert great influence on the tourist preference of the urban residents. This thesis taking the residents in Shanghai and Nanjing in the Yangtze River Delta as instance, to study with the questionnaire, analyses the influences of the modernized rail traffic at all aspects on the touring pattern for the urban residents and the frequency to tour, from which comes to the conclusion that the high-speed railway will possibly be the long distance tour, it will produce far reached influence on air traffic. The intercity railway will make the urban residents to tour the limits and frequency of tour.

We present new quasars discovered in the vicinity of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies with the LAMOST during the 2010 and 2011 observational seasons. Quasar candidates are selected based on the available SDSS, KPNO 4 m telescope, XSTPS optical, and WISE near infrared photometric data. We present 509 new quasars discovered in a stripe of ~135 sq. deg from M31 to M33 along the Giant Stellar Stream in the 2011 pilot survey datasets, and also 17 new quasars discovered in an area of ~100 sq. deg that covers the central region and the southeastern halo of M31 in the 2010 commissioning datasets. These 526 new quasars have i magnitudes ranging from 15.5 to 20.0, redshifts from 0.1 to 3.2. They represent a significant increase of the number of identified quasars in the vicinity of M31 and M33. There are now 26, 62 and 139 known quasars in this region of the sky with i magnitudes brighter than 17.0, 17.5 and 18.0 respectively, of which 5, 20 and 75 are newly-discovered. These bright quasars provide an invaluable collection with which to probe the kinematics and chemistry of the ISM/IGM in the Local Group of galaxies. A total of 93 quasars are now known with locations within 2.5 deg of M31, of which 73 are newly discovered. Tens of quasars are now known to be located behind the Giant Stellar Stream, and hundreds behind the extended halo and its associated substructures of M31. The much enlarged sample of known quasars in the vicinity of M31 and M33 can potentially be utilized to construct a perfect astrometric reference frame to measure the minute PMs of M31 and M33, along with the PMs of substructures associated with the Local Group of galaxies. Those PMs are some of the most fundamental properties of the Local Group., 26 pages, 6 figures, AJ accepted

To investigate the effect and the possible mechanism of continuous hemofiltration in the treatment of traumatic patients with refractory acute cephalocele.Continuous venous-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) was applied to 9 traumatic patients with refractory acute cephalocele after craniotomy. The changes in patients' physical signs, electrolytes, blood gas analysis, biochemical and blood clotting indexes as well as the outcome were observed.(1) The later the CVVH started, the worse the disorders became such as unstable body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure and abnormal blood gas analysis. The most significant abnormality emerged with a delay of 12 hours. The above abnormalities returned to normal and kept stable within 12 hours of CVVH. CVVH maintained body temperature in hypothermic state, and serum lactic acid was kept at a low level without disturbance of blood coagulation function. (2) The duration between occurrence of cephalocele and beginning of CVVH was 2-16 hours, with a mean of (5.4±5.1) hours, the duration of CVVH was 23-129 hours, with a mean of (75.7±34.3) hours, and the net volume of liquid balance (NVLB) was -1.2-3.1 L, with a mean of (0.76±1.46) L. Height of encephalocele over skull window (HEOSW) was 51.8±10.0 mm and 51.0±10.0 mm before and 72 hours after CVVH. NVLB and HEOSW did not show obvious correlation with the prognosis of the patients. (3) Four patients survived, and 2 patients showed satisfactory outcome with Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) over 12 after follow-up for 3 months, and 2 patients showed improvement with GOS of 8 but in vegetative state 3 months later. Five patients died of respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) 9-35 days after the termination of CVVH.CVVH was safe and effective in certain extent in the treatment of refractory acute cephalocele. The direct causes of death of the patients were complications instead of the cephalocele itself. The outcomes of the patients were related to the time of beginning of CVVH and the duration of CVVH, and there was nothing to do with the NVLB and the HEOSW. The study implicated that the effect of CVVH on these patients was not brain-dehydration solely. It also exerted certain effect on regulating water-electrolyte balance, acid-base balance and body temperature.

The innate immune system coordinates the inflammatory response to pathogens. To do so, its cells must discriminate self from non-self utilizing receptors that identify molecules synthesized exclusively by microbes. Toll- like receptors have a crucial role in the detection of microbial infection in mammals and insects. In mammals, they have evolved to recognize conserved products unique to microbial metabolism. These include lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipotechoic acids, and peptidoglycans (PGN). We show here that TLRs, including TLR2, are expressed on the THP-1 human leukemia cell line. Activation of TLR2 signaling in THP-1 by PGN induces the synthesis of various soluble factors and proteins including interleukin-1β, interleukin-8 and TNF-α and apoptosis of THP-1 with PGN dose and time dependence. Moreover , in this study we show that PGN induces apoptosis of THP-1 cells in a TNF-α-dependent manner. These findings indicate that TLR2 signaling results in a cascade leading to tumor apoptosis and differentiation, which may suggest new clinical prospects using TLR2 agonists as cytotoxic agents in certain cancers.

The present paper puts forward a novel micro-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer based on programmable MEMS micro-mirror. This design uses a MEMS micro-mirror and a slantwise reflector to replace the moving mirror system on traditional spectrometer. This paper analyzes the operating principle of this spectrometer and gives the simulation result to prove the feasibility of this method. The results show that the spectral resolution is less than 5 nm in near-infrared wave band, the wave-length accuracy is approximately 1 nm and the sampling period of this spectrometer is approximately 50 ms. This method can use Hadamard transform to improve the SNR.

We report the anatase titanium dioxide (101) surface adsorption of sp3-hybridized gas molecules, including NH3, H2O and CH4, using first-principles plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential based on the density functional theory. The results show that it is much easier for a surface with oxygen vacancies to adsorb gas molecules than it is for a surface without oxygen vacancies. The main factor affecting adsorption stability and energy is the polarizability of molecules, and adsorption is induced by surface oxygen vacancies of the negatively charged center. The analyses of state densities and charge population show that charge transfer occurs at the molecule surface upon adsorption and that the number of transferred charge reduces in the order of N, O and C. Moreover, the adsorption method is chemical adsorption, and adsorption stability decreases in the order of NH3, H2O and CH4. Analyses of absorption and reflectance spectra reveal that after absorbed CH4 and H2O, compared with the surface with oxygen vacancy, the optical properties of materials surface, including its absorption coefficients and reflectivity index, have slight changes, however, absorption coefficient and reflectivity would greatly increase after NH3 adsorption. These findings illustrate that anatase titanium dioxide (101) surface is extremely sensitive to NH3.

A novel chaotic synchronization configuration is proposed. This system is constructed on the basis of unidirectionally coupled VCSELs and signal transmission in fiber. The transmitter VCSEL is subject to an isotropic optical feedback, the receiver VCSEL is subject to an orthogonal optical injection from the transmitter VCSEL, the chaotic signal transmission in fiber channel is adopted, also message encoding and decoding of the chaotic system have been investigated. The results show that, during to the fiber nonlinear and chromatic dispersion, the amplitude characteristics of chaotic signal are distorted partially and the system synchronization quality will be impaired, but message can be hidden efficiently in the chaotic signal during the fiber transmission with additive chaos modulation (ACM). Better decoding performance is achieved by choosing appropriate matched parameters.

A new method to calculate the optical vignetting of LAMOST (Large Sky Area Muti-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope) is presented. With the pilot survey of LAMOST, it is necessary to have thorough and quantitative estimation and analysis on the observing efficiency which is affected by various factors: the optical system of the telescope and the spectrograph that is vignetting, the focal instrument, and the site condition. The wide field and large pupil of LAMOST fed by a Schmidt reflecting mirror, with a fixed optical axis coinciding with the local polar axis, lead to significant telescope vignetting, caused by the effective light-collecting area of the corrector, the light obstruction of the focal-plate, and the size of the primary mirror. A calculation of the vignetting has been presented by Xue et al. (2007), which considered 4 meter circle limitation and based on ray-tracking. In fact, there is no effect of the 4 meter circle limitation, so that we compute the vignetting again by means of obtaining the ratio of effective projected area of the corrector. All the results are derived by AUTOCAD. Moreover, the vignetting functions and vignetting variations with declination at which the telescope is pointed and the position considered in the focal surface are presented and analysed. Finally, compared with the ray-tracing method to obtain the vignetting before, the validity and availability of the proposed method are illustrated.

Bioactivity-directed fractionation of a methanol extract of Ligularia hodgsonii afforded two new monoterpenoids, liguhodgcins A (1) and B (2), with an unusual δ-lactone-containing skeleton. Moreover, liguhodgcin A (1) contained a chlorine atom. The structures and absolute configurations of the two compounds were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, ECD data, and computational approaches. A probable biosynthesis pathway to 1 and 2 was also proposed and discussed. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1 and 2 was evaluated against the human leukemia (HL-60), human hepatoma (SMMC-7721), and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines.

International audience; This paper presents a relative flux calibration method for the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST), which may be applied to connect a blue spectrum to a red spectrum to build the whole spectrum across the total wavelength range (3700 similar to 9000 angstrom). In each spectrograph, we estimate the effective temperatures of selected stars using a grid of spectral line indices in the blue spectral range and a comparison with stellar atmosphere models. For each spectrograph, stars of types A and F are selected as pseudo-standard stars, and the theoretical spectra are used to calibrate both the blue (3700 similar to 5900 angstrom) and red spectrograph arms (5700 similar to 9000 angstrom). Then the spectral response function for these pseudo-standard stars could be used to correct the raw spectra provided by the other fibers of the spectrograph, after a fiber efficiency function has been derived from twilight flat-field exposures. A key problem in this method is the fitting of a pseudo stellar continuum, so we also give a detailed description of this step. The method is tested by comparing a small sample of LAMOST spectra calibrated in this way on stars also observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The result shows that the T-eff estimation and relative flux calibration method are adequate.

In this paper, based on the present author's earlier study about the random process of wind, the elastic engineering structure response to wind load is analysed by means of the random vibration and finite element method. From the most general model the formulae for calculating the response power spectrum and mean square value of displacement and stress of structure are derived, with which both the static and dynamic response of structures can be obtained simultaneously. Finally, a large antenna structure in engineering is calculated as an illustration. Its response to Davenport's wind load spectrum is given.

This study was designed to examine whether transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) overexpressing miR-126 enhances angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium of mice.MSCs were harvested from mice using density gradient centrifugation and adherent culture. MSCs were transfected with lentiviral vectors carrying mature miR-126. Mice models of myocardial infarction were established by ligation of coronary artery. The ligated animals were randomly divided into three groups (15 in each) and after two weeks, were intramyocardially injected at the heart infarct zone with miR-126-transfected MSCs (the miR-126-MSCs group), MSCs (the MSCs group), or medium (the PBS group). Six weeks later, histological study and echocardiographic assessment were performed.Capillary density of the infarcted region was significantly improved in the miR-126- MSCs group compared to the MSC group and the PBS group (both p0.01). Western blot showed that ERK(1), pERK(1), AKT and pAKT gene were dramatically enhanced in the miR-126-MSC group compared to the MSC group and the PBS group (both p0.05). Echocardiography showed MiR-126 led to a sustained improvement in cardiac function for at least six weeks at the injected area, as assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction and fraction of shortening.Transplantation of MSCs transfected with miR-126 can improve angiogenesis and cardiac function in the infarcted area of the hearts of mice, which may be due to stimulation of the AKT/ERK-related pathway.

Kopsihainanine A (1), an unprecedented skeleton with a 6/5/6/6/6 pentacyclic rearranged ring system, together with a new biogenetically related compound, kopsihainanine B (2), were isolated from Kopsia hainanensis. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by ECD calculation.

In this paper, we present a new method for high resolution radar imaging. Based on ideal point-scattering model, a sparse representation algorithm via smoothed l 0 norm is introduced to achieve high-resolution radar imaging. The experimental results validate the proposed method.

Influence of various disturbance intensities on nitrogen, phosphorus and permanganate index (PI) release of Potamogeton crispus were investigated during the plant soaking in water, and the plant materials were collected in an urban lake of Beijing. Results showed that more rapid release of TP and PI from Potamogeton crispus were caused by disturbance, NH4(+) -N and TN in water were significantly increased (ANOVA, p0.05) under the condition of high disturbance (120 r/min) for 240 h. However, PI and TP were significantly decreased (ANOVA, p0.05) after 240 h disturbance in all treatments. When the release equilibrium of 2.13 g dry mass Potamogeton crispus in one liter of water was reached, the PI, TN, and TP released from unit mass Potamogeton crispus were 35, 5.1 and 4.1 mg x g(-1), respectively. The release ratio of TP from Potamogeton crispus was the highest, while the release ratio of PI was the lowest. The simulated experiment results showed that the highest pollution load to water released from Potamogeton crispus was the TP among the three nutrients. Phosphorus is one of the key factors which causing water eutrophication in lake, thus after submerged plants declining in lake, the field research of phosphorus release and migration from submerged plants into water is the focus of future research work.

Kopsihainanine A (1), an unprecedented skeleton with a 6/5/6/6/6 pentacyclic rearranged ring system, together with a new biogenetically related compound, kopsihainanine B (2), were isolated from Kopsia hainanensis. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by ECD calculation.