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To investigate and optimize the use of methyl cellulose in the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printed drug-loaded hydrogel wound dressings for the treatment of burns.The effects of incorporating various salts on the properties of methyl cellulose, especially the gelation temperature was investigated for methyl cellulose to undergo gelation at skin temperature (i.e., 31.7°C). The optimized methyl cellulose and salt compositions were then loaded with various drugs beneficial for the treatment of burns. Printability and cumulative release profiles for selected drugs were then obtained, which were then fitted to common release kinetic models. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was also explored to investigate the relationship between printing parameters and the hydrogel filament produced during extrusion.The printed hydrogels had moderate dimensional integrity, were found to be stable for up to 2 weeks and demonstrated good swelling properties. In vitro drug release studies of various drugs showed that the hydrogel was able to release various drugs within 6 h and release profiles were fitted to common in vitro drug release models, such as the Korsmeyer Peppas model and the Weibull model. While there were deviations from the actual printing process, CFD simulation was able to predict the shape of the printed structure and showed fair accuracy in determining the mass flow rate and line width of extruded hydrogels.Methyl cellulose hydrogels with optimized salt composition demonstrated suitable properties for a wound dressing application, revealing its potential to be used for in situ wound dressing applications.

Recent successes in construction of light-up RNA aptamers allowed fluorescence-based live-cell imaging of RNAs. In addition, light-up aptamers have been converted into signaling aptamers that enable fluorometric detection of small chemicals. To date, only a single target chemical has been detected at a time in cells. In this study, we selected cladogenetic orthogonal light-up aptamers that output three different colors from the RNA library having the same ligand binding core. Two of the three functioned in mammalian cells. These two aptamers, which fluoresce blue and green upon binding of cognate fluorogen, were converted into signaling aptamers. Using these signaling aptamers in combination with a previously described light-up aptamer with red fluorescence, we demonstrated simultaneous detection of multiple chemicals in living cells. The cladogenetic orthogonal light-up aptamers developed in this study and the simple strategy for rational designing of the signaling aptamers will provide innovative advances in the field of RNA-based bioimaging.

Because of the lack of facile and accurate methods to track stress granule (SG) dynamics in live cells and in vivo, in-depth studies of the biological roles of this attractive membraneless organelle have been limited. Herein, we report the first small-molecule probe, TASG, for the selective, convenient and real-time monitoring of SGs. This novel molecule can simultaneously bind to SG RNAs, the core SG protein G3BP1, and their complexes, triggering a significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity, making TASG broadly applicable to SG imaging under various stress conditions in fixed and live cells, ex vivo and in vivo. Using TASG, the complicated endogenous SG dynamics were revealed in both live cells and C. elegans. Collectively, our work provides an ideal probe that has thus far been absent in the field of SG investigations. We anticipate that this powerful tool may create exciting opportunities to investigate the underlying roles of SGs in different organisms.

K metal batteries, with high electrochemical performance and low-cost, hold great potential to be one of alternatives to lithium-ion batteries. However, the intrinsic high reactivity of K metal electrode limits their application. To enhance the safety of K metal batteries, a graphite-intercalation-compound of K (K-GIC) is prepared as an anode instead of K metal in this work. The K-GIC symmetric batteries show excellent cycling stability due to suppressing dendrite and alleviating volume expansion which are resulted from the interlayer insertion/extraction mechanism and reduced affinity energy of K. Moreover, the K-GIC compound exhibits good environmental stability in contact with air and water. Our work shows that K-GIC as an anode material may promote the application of safe and high-performance K metal batteries.

Background: Patients with multimorbidity often experience treatment burden as a result of fragmented, specialist-driven healthcare. The ‘family doctor team’ is an emerging service model in China to address the increasing need for high-quality routine primary care. Objective: To explore the extent to which treatment burden was associated with healthcare needs and patients’ experiences. Methods: Multi-site surveys were conducted in primary care facilities in Guangdong province, southern China. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from patients (N=2,160) who had ≥two clinically-diagnosed long-term conditions (multimorbidity) and had ≥one clinical encounter in the past 12 months since enrolment registration with the family doctor team. Patients’ experiences and treatment burden were measured using a previously-validated, Chinese version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) and the Treatment Burden Questionnaire, respectively. Results: The mean age of patients was 61.4 years and slightly over half were females. Patients who had a family doctor team as the primary source of care reported significantly higher PCAT scores (mean difference 7.2 points, p

A new Mg–10%Al–1%Zn–1%Si alloy with non-dendritic microstructure was prepared by strain induced melt activation (SIMA) process. The effect of compression ratio on the evolution of semisolid microstructure of the experimental alloy was investigated. The results indicate that the average size of α-Mg grains decreases and spheroidizing tendency becomes more obvious with the compression ratios increasing from 0 to 40%. In addition, the eutectic Mg2Si phase in the Mg–10%Al–1%Zn–1%Si alloy transforms completely from the initial fishbone shape to globular shape by SIMA process. With the increasing of compression ratio, the morphology and average size of Mg2Si phases do not change obviously. The morphology modification mechanism of Mg2Si phase in Mg–10%Al–1%Zn– 1%Si alloy by SIMA process was also studied.

RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structures in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) play crucial roles in fundamental cellular processes. ADAR is an important enzyme that binds to double-strand RNA and accounts for the conversion of Adenosine to Inosine in RNA editing. However, so far there is no report on the formation and regulatory role of rG4 on ADAR expression. Here, we identify and characterize a thermostable rG4 structure within the 5'UTR of the ADAR1 mRNA and demonstrate its formation and inhibitory role on translation in reporter gene and native gene constructs. We reveal rG4-specific helicase DHX36 interacts with this rG4 in vitro and in cells under knockdown and knockout conditions by GTFH (G-quadruplex-triggered fluorogenic hybridization) probes and modulates translation in an rG4-dependent manner. Our results further substantiate the rG4 structure-DHX36 protein interaction in cells and highlight rG4 to be a key player in controlling ADAR1 translation.

Supplementary Materials forpublication.

Fluorescent probes are vital to cell imaging by allowing specific parts of cells to be visualized and quantified. Color-switchable probes (CSPs), with tunable emission wavelength upon contact with specific targets, are particularly powerful because they not only eliminate the need to wash away all unbound probe but also allow for internal controls of probe concentrations, thereby facilitating quantification. Several such CSPs exist and have proven very useful, but not for all key cellular targets. Here we report a pioneering CSP for in situ cell imaging using aldehydefunctionalized silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) that switch their intrinsic photoluminescence from red to blue quickly when interacting with amino acids in live cells. Though conventional probes often work better in cell-free extracts than in live cells, the SiNCs display the opposite behavior and function well and fast in universal cell lines at 37 ? while requiring much higher temperature in extracts. Furthermore, the SiNCs only disperse in cytoplasm not nucleus, and their fluorescence intensity correlated linearly with the concentration of fed amino acids. We believe these nanosilicon probes will be promising tools to visualize distribution of amino acids and potentially quantify amino acid related processes in live cells.

Straneostichus haeckeli Sciaky & Wrase, 1997 Chinese vernacular name: Ḃ氏ḃ步ffl (Figures 8–9, 21C) Sciaky & Wrase 1997: 1109 (type locality: Houzhenzi, Shaanxi). Type material. The holotype, a male (CRS), “ China, SW Shaanxi, Qinling mts., Houzhenzi env., 3300 m, VII.1996, leg. M. Häckel”/ “ HOLOTYPUS, Straneostichus haeckeli n. sp., Det. Sciaky & Wrase 1997 ” [red label]; paratypes: 3 males and 3 females (CRS), the same data as holotype; 1 female (CRS), “C China; SW-Shaanxi, Qinling mts. 2600 m, Houzhenzi, 7.7.1996, lgt. Janata M.”/ “ PARATYPUS, Straneostichus haeckeli n. sp., Det. Sciaky & Wrase 1997 ” [red label]; 1 male (CRS), “ China, SW Shaanxi, Qinling mts., Houzhenzi env., 3300 m, VII.1996, leg. Janata ”/ “ PARATYPUS, Straneostichus haeckeli n. sp., Det. Sciaky & Wrase 1997 ” [red label]. Non-type material. 2 males (IZAS), “ Shaanxi, Qinling, Taibaishan, 2008.V.22, Huang Hao lgt.”; 3 males and 1 female (HBUM), “ Shaanxi, Qinling, Taibaishan, 2002.VII.17, Ren Guodong lgt.”; 1 female (CJQY), “ China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan, alt= 3200 m, 2021.VIII. Quan-Yu Ji lgt.”. Diagnostic characters. Body length 9.7‒12.0 mm; dorsal surface metallic copper-green. Pronotum transversal cordiform, PW / PL 1.29–1.35, anterior margin subequal in length to posterior margin; with dense punctures in basal fovea, as well as in area between basal fovea; mid-anterior area with a few very fine punctures; lateral margins markedly sinuate before posterior angles, which are nearly rectangular or obtuse, with a distinctly prominent denticle. Elytra relatively short, EL/EW = 1.43–1.47; elytral striae with superficial but distinct punctures. Median lobe of aedeagus relatively slender; in lateral view, basal portion moderately expanded, apex gradually narrowed and bent downwards, the apical lamella thin; in dorsal view, the apical lamella slightly longer than maximum width, gradually bent rightward, left margin weakly sinuate, apex rounded, weakly widened; endophallic piece present on ventral surface of apical orifice, narrow and just weakly chitinized. Remarks. According to our examined specimens, this species cohabitates with S. vignai violaceus at high altitude in Qinling mountains. Whereas, S. puetzi lives at much lower altitude. Distribution. Only known from high altitude in Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province., Published as part of Chen, Jia-Heng, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2022, Taxonomic notes on the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 247-264 in Zootaxa 5182 (3) on pages 253-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7052983, {"references":["Sciaky, R. & Wrase, D. W. (1997) Twenty-nine new taxa of Pterostichinae from Shaanxi (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 29, 1087 - 1139."]}

Straneostichus ovipennis Sciaky, 1994 Chinese vernacular name: 卵Oiḃ步ffl (Figures 2–4, 21A) Sciaky 1994: 196 (type locality: Hongyuan, Sichuan). Type material. The holotype, a female (CRS) labeled “Cina- Sichuan sept., Hongyuan 4200 m, 21.VII.1991. Malek”/ “ HOLOTYPUS Straneostichus ovipennis n. sp., Det. Sciaky '94” [red label]; 1 female paratype (CRS), the same data as holotype. Non-type material. 2 males and 5 female (IZAS), “ China, Sichuan provin. Maoxian, Kakagou, 2993m, 33.04°N 103.7°E, 2001.X.5, Wang Y.S. IOZ, Chinese Acad. Sci.”; 1 male (CRS), “ China, N. Sichuan, W Juizhaigou, 2800 m, 30.06– 1.07.1997, Leg. S. Murzin ”; 1 male (CRS), “ China, Sechuan, Juizhaigou, 11.6– 16.6.2001 ”; 3 males (IZAS), “ Gansu, Zhouqu County, Shalin, Wanggongduan, 3350 m, Cao Xiuwen leg. 2001.8.25.”; 1 female (IZAS), “ Gansu, Zhouqu County, Shalin, Yangbuliang, 3500m, Cao Xiuwen leg. 2001.8.22.”. Diagnostic characters. Body length 11.0– 12.8 mm; dorsal surface metallic green or copper-green. Pronotum sub-cordiform, anterior margin slightly wider than posterior margin; basal foveae with sparse punctures, mid-basal area between basal foveae impunctate; lateral margins strongly sinuate before posterior angles, which are almost rectangular, without prominent denticle. Elytra ovoid, slightly more elongated than in other species, EL/EW = 1.50–1.56; elytral striae with fine but distinct punctures at least on basal half. Median lobe of aedeagus moderately thick; in lateral view, basal portion slightly thickened, apex gradually narrowed and bent downwards, the apical lamella thick; in dorsal view, the apical lamella distinctly longer than maximum width, strongly bent rightward, left margin distinctly sinuate, apex rounded; endophallic piece present on ventral surface of apical orifice, narrow and moderately sclerotized. Remarks. This species was original described on females only. We describe and illustrate its male genitalia for the first time. Distribution. Known from northern Sichuan (Hongyuan, Jiuzhaigou and Songpan) and southern Gansu (Zhouqu). We examined several specimens labeled as "Kakagou, Maoxian", but this locality actually belongs to Songpan County. The specimens from Zhouqu County provide new record from Gansu Province., Published as part of Chen, Jia-Heng, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2022, Taxonomic notes on the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 247-264 in Zootaxa 5182 (3) on pages 250-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7052983, {"references":["Sciaky, R. (1994) Straneostichus gen. n., a new genus and four new species from China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B Fur Botanik Und Zoologie, 96, 189 - 198."]}

Straneostichus kirschenhoferi Sciaky, 1994 Chinese vernacular name: AE氏ḃ步ffl (Figures 25–26) Sciaky 1994: 194 (type locality: Lijiang, Yunnan). Type material. 11 male and 3 female paratypes (CRS), “ China, Yunnan prov., 18.6.– 4.7.1993, Heishui- 35km N Lijiang, 27.13N; 100.19E, lgt. S. Becvar ” / “ PARATYPUS Straneostichus n.g. kirschenhoferi n. sp., Det. R. Sciaky 1993” [red label] / “ex coll., R. Sciaky, 2011”; 5 male and 2 female paratypes (CRS), “ China, Yunnan, Heishui, 35 km N Lijiang, 27°13'N 100°19'E, 1–19.VII.1992, lgt. S. Becvar ” / “ PARATYPUS Straneostichus n.g. kirschenhoferi n. sp., Det. R. Sciaky 1993” [red label]. Non-type material. 2 males and 1 female (CLHY), “ Yunnan, Weixi, Ahualuohe, 2000–2600 m, 2021.4–6, Li Baijun lgt.”; 1 male and 2 females (IZAS), “ Yunnan, Ninglang, Luguhu, Gouzuandong, 3367 m, 2012. VI.04, Shi Hongliang lgt. ”; 1 female (IZAS), “ Yunnan, Deqin, Baimaxueshan pass, 2000.VII.28–29, Yu Xiaodong lgt. ”; 8 males and 2 females (IZAS), “ Sichuan, Muli, Kangwu pass, 3758 m, N28.1271, E101.1592, 2018.VII.24–25, Shi HL. et al. lgt. ”. Remarks. The specimens from Yunnan are usually bright metallic blue or green, occasionally coppery. Whereas, those from Sichuan (Muli) are quite different from the typical specimens for their dark blue coloration, but very similar in the male genitalia. Distribution. Northwestern Yunnan (Lijiang, Weixi, Ninglang and Deqin) and southwestern Sichuan (Muli)., Published as part of Chen, Jia-Heng, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2022, Taxonomic notes on the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 247-264 in Zootaxa 5182 (3) on pages 261-263, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7052983, {"references":["Sciaky, R. (1994) Straneostichus gen. n., a new genus and four new species from China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B Fur Botanik Und Zoologie, 96, 189 - 198.","Sciaky, R. (1996) Straneostichus farkaci sp. n. from China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae). Klapalekiana, 32, 85 - 88"]}

Straneostichus fischeri Sciaky, 1994 Chinese vernacular name: Ȓ氏ḃ步ffl (Figures 10–12, 21D) Sciaky 1994: 195 (type locality: Ponggartang, Gansu). Type material. The holotype, a male (CRS): “ China, Gansu prov., 120 km SW Lanzhou, Ponggartang, 30. VI.– 2.VII.1992, Jaroslav Turna leg.”/ “ HOLOTYPUS, Straneostichus n. g., fischeri n. sp., Det. R. Sciaky 1993” [red label]; 3 males and 3 females paratypes (CRS): the same data as holotype. Non-type material. 6 males and 4 females (IZAS), “ Gansu, Xiahe County, Tang'ga'ang xiang, Dangke vill. 2827 m, N35.1516, E102.8169. 2016.VII.23, pitfall trap, Shi HL, Yu SP, Yan WF, Qin TY, Qin YY lgt.”; 1 male and 1 female, (IZAS), “ Gansu, Kangle, Lianhuashan, Shahetan station, 34.93917 E 103.73472, 2850 m, 2008. VII.6, Wang Jie lgt.”; 1 female (IZAS), “ Gansu, Kangle, Lianhuashan, N34.93577 E103.75054, 2012. VI.21 D 2960, Morii leg.”; 1 female (IZAS), “ Gansu, Yuzhong County, Xinglongshan nat. res., picea forest, 2265m, N35.7854, E104.0602, 2017.VII.12, pitfall trap. Shi H.L. et al. lgt.”; 1 male (CRS), “ China, Gansu, 25 km E Xiahe, 2805–2925 m, 3.VIII.1994, A. Smetana (C28)”; 2 females (CRS), “ CH., S-Gansu, Dagcanglhamo. S-env., 34:03 102:35, 3500– 4100, alp. meadow/ scree/grassland, 13.VII.1995, K & B Brezina”; 10 males and 20 females, (IZAS), “ Qinghai prov., Zêkog County, Maixiu forestry farm; Picea forest. 3067 m, 35.2716, 101.9052 ”, “ 2017.VII.24, pitfall trap, SHI H.L., LU Z.B., ZHU P.Z., YAN W.F. leg., BJFU 2017 ”; 1 male (IZAS), “ Qinghai prov., Zêkog County, Maixiu forestry farm; picea forest. 3067m, 35.2716, 101.9052 ”, “ 2017.VII.23 D, on/under log, SHI H.L., LU Z.B., ZHU P.Z., YAN W.F. leg., exp. BJFU 2017 ”; 4 males (IZAS), “ Qinghai Province, Zêkog County, Maixiu forestry centre, mixed forest, 2832 m, N35.3125 E101.9420 ”, “on ground, 2019-VIII-24 /25, YAN Weifeng lgt. Exp. Qilianshan 2019”. Diagnostic characters. Body length 9.7‒12.1 mm; dorsal surface metallic green or coppery green. Pronotum cordiform, transversal, PW / PL 1.25–1.34; anterior margin subequal in length to posterior margin; lateral margins strongly sinuate before posterior angles, which are nearly rectangular, usually with prominent denticle; basal fovea punctate and wrinkled, mid-basal area between two basal foveae more or less punctate; mid-anterior area without fine punctures. Elytra oviform, relatively short, EL/EW 1.45–1.49; elytral striae superficial and finely punctate. Median lobe of aedeagus relatively slender; in lateral view, basal portion strongly expanded, apex gradually narrowed and slightly bent downwards, the apical lamella thin; in dorsal view, the apical lamella subequal to or a little longer than maximum width, gradually bent rightward, left margin smoothly curved and not sinuate, apex more or less widened, rounded or rounded-truncated; endophallic piece present on ventral surface of apical orifice, but weakly chitinized and hardly recognizable. Remarks. We examined specimens of S. fischeri from several localities on the border between Gansu and Qinghai (Fig. 1). Although the external features of these specimens are extremely similar, the apex of their male genitalia have slight differences: in the specimens from Gansu (examined specimens from Xiahe and Kangle), the apical lamella of aedeagus is a little more elongate, the apex more rounded and less widened (Fig. 11), while in the specimens from Qinghai (examined specimens from Zêkog), the apical lamella of aedeagus is shorter, the apex slightly truncated and more widened (Fig. 12). Distribution. Known from several localities on the border between Gansu and Qinghai. The specimens from Maixiu in Zêkog County provide new record from Qinghai Province., Published as part of Chen, Jia-Heng, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2022, Taxonomic notes on the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 247-264 in Zootaxa 5182 (3) on pages 254-255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7052983, {"references":["Sciaky, R. (1994) Straneostichus gen. n., a new genus and four new species from China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B Fur Botanik Und Zoologie, 96, 189 - 198."]}

Straneostichus rotundatus (Yu, 1992) Chinese vernacular name: Bmḃ步ffl (Figure 27) Aristochroa rotundata Yu 1992: 471 (type locality: Zhongdian, Yunnan); Xie & Yu 1993: 176. Straneostichus rotundatus (Yu, 1992), Sciaky & Wrase, 1997: 1110. Type material. The holotype male (IZAS), “ Yunnan, Zhongdian, Hongshan, 4300 m ” / “ 1981.VIII.10. Wang Shuyong lgt.” / “ Aristochroa rotundata sp. nov. det. Yu Peiyu ” / “ holotype ”; 1 male paratype (IZAS), “ Yunnan, Zhongdian, Hongshan, 4300 m ” / “ 1981.VIII.10, Zhang Xuezhong lgt.” / “ paratype ”. Non-type material. 6 males (IZAS), “ Yunnan, Shangri-La (Zhongdian County), Hongshan pass, alpine meadow, 4307 m, N28.1411, E99.9078, under rock, 2018.VIII.7, Yan WF et al. lgt.”; 3 males and 9 females (IZAS), “ Yunnan, Shangri-La County, Hongshan pass, rhododendron shrub, 4468 m, N28.1474, E99.9037, pitfall trap, 2018. VIII.9, Yu SP et al. lgt.”. Supplemental characters of male genitalia. Median lobe of aedeagus slender, MW / ML = 0.12–0.16; in lateral view, basal portion slightly expanded, apex gradually attenuate and bent downwards, the apical lamella not thickened; in dorsal view, the apical lamella quite longer than maximum width, strongly bent leftward, right margin slightly sinuate, apex rounded-truncated and a little widened; endophallic piece present on ventral surface of apical orifice, narrow and just weakly chitinized., invisible in dorsal or lateral view. Remarks. This is a peculiar species in Straneostichu s because of its Aristochroa -like appearance. In our examined material, only five specimens have the dorsal color vivid metallic green or coppery (Fig. 27B), while the rest are completely or nearly black (Fig. 27A). Distribution. This species was only known from Hongshan in Shangri-La City (Zhongdian County)., Published as part of Chen, Jia-Heng, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2022, Taxonomic notes on the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 247-264 in Zootaxa 5182 (3) on pages 263-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7052983, {"references":["Yu, P. Y. (1992) Insects of the Hengduan Mountains regions. Volume 2. Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 471 - 472. [in Chinese]","Xie, W. P. & Yu, P. Y. (1993) Classification of the genus Aristochroa in China (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 29 (2), 174 - 183. [in Chinese]","Sciaky, R. & Wrase, D. W. (1997) Twenty-nine new taxa of Pterostichinae from Shaanxi (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 29, 1087 - 1139."]}

Straneostichus ganqingensis sp. nov. Chinese vernacular name: ffûḃ步ffl (Figures 18–20, 21G) Type material. Holotype male (IZAS), “ Qinghai, Xunhua County, Mengda Tianchi forestry park; mixed forest; 2357 m, N35.7982, E102.6821. 2017.VII.22, under stone, Shi H.L. et al. lgt.”/ “ HOLOTYPE Straneostichus ganqingensis sp. nov., det. Chen & Shi. 2022” [red label]. Paratypes: 1 male and 5 females (IZAS), “ Qinghai, Xunhua County, Mengda Tianchi forestry park; mixed forest; 2357 m, N35.7982, E102.6821. 2017.VII.22, under stone, Shi H.L. et al. lgt.”; 1 male (IZAS), “ Gansu, Dangchang, Daheba, 1998.V.8, Chen Deniu leg.”. Diagnostic characters. Anterior margin of pronotum much wider than posterior margin (PPW / APW 0.88– 0.91); lateral margins strongly sinuate before posterior angles, which are nearly rectangular, usually with weakly prominent denticle; basal fovea strongly punctate, mid-basal area between two basal foveae evidently punctate; mid-anterior area without puncture. Elytral striae deep, with fine punctures before middle. Median lobe of aedeagus relatively slender; in dorsal view, the apical lamella slightly bent rightward, apex distinctly widened; endophallic piece small and well chitinized, invisible in dorsal or lateral view. Comparison. This new species is most similar to S. puetzi and S. liupanensis sp. nov. These three species are recognizable among the fischeri -group by: (1) anterior margin of pronotum evidently wider than posterior margin, PPW / APW 0.85–0.95; (2) median lobe of aedeagus more or less thickened, with the endophallic piece on ventral surface of apical orifice more chitinized than other species. Comparing to S. puetzi, the new species is different in: (1) anterior margin of pronotum weakly curved inward at middle, anterior angles very faintly prominent (versus anterior margin evidently curved inward at middle, anterior angles slightly prominent in S. puetzi); (2) elytral striae with fine punctures on basal third (versus completely impunctate in S. puetzi); (3) pronotal posterior angles usually with a small denticle, more evident than in S. puetzi; (4) in lateral view, the apical lamella of aedeagus thinner and gradually bent downward (versus abruptly bent downward in S. puetzi); (5) in dorsal view, the apical lamella of aedeagus with left margin smoothly curved (versus distinctly sinuate in S. puetzi); (6) the endophallic piece less sclerotized, invisible in dorsal or lateral view (strongly sclerotized and visible in both dorsal and lateral views in S. puetzi). The new species is externally similar to its sympatric species S. fischeri but can be distinguished by: (1) pronotum much more constricted to the base, anterior margin distinctly wider than posterior margin, PPW / APW 0.88–0.91 (versus 0.97–1.01 in S. fischeri); (2) median lobe of aedeagus stouter, the apical lamella of aedeagus more evidently bent downward in lateral view, more bent rightward in ventral view, and the endophallic piece much more chitinized. Description. A medium-sized Straneostichus species (BL 10.6‒13.2 mm) (Fig. 18). Dorsal surface copper green with metallic reflections; appendages dark brown. Head impunctate; vertex distinctly punctate; eyes of moderate size, frontal grooves deep, smooth and nearly straight, extending toward posterior margin of eyes. Pronotum sub-cordiform (PW/PL 1.19–1.22), lateral margins evenly curved from anterior angles to the middle, widest near anterior third (APL/PL 0.34–0.38), strongly sinuate before posterior angles; anterior margin weakly curved inward at middle, slightly wider than posterior margin (PPW/APW 0.88–0.91); anterior angles obtuse and rounded, faintly projecting, posterior angles nearly rectangular, apex sharp with weakly prominent denticle; discal area glabrous; basal foveae deep and densely punctate, mid-basal area between basal foveae with punctures and transverse microwrinkles. Elytra oviform, EL/EW = 1.43–1.47, maximum width near middle (AEL/EL 0.48–0.51); shoulders rounded, humeral teeth small but obviously prominent; basal ridge complete, forming a distinct obtuse angle with elytral lateral margin; intervals weakly convex, striae deep, with fine punctures on anterior third; microsculpture isodiametric, similar in both sexes; umbilicate series on interval IX composed of approximately 22–24 pores, sparse in the middle and dense in anterior and posterior areas. Male genitalia (Figs. 19–20) Median lobe of aedeagus relatively thick MW/ML = 0.19–0.22; in lateral view, basal portion slightly expanded, apex gradually attenuate and bent downwards, the apical lamella not thickened; in dorsal view, the apical lamella slightly longer than maximum width, slightly bent rightward, left margin smoothly curved and hardly sinuate, apex rounded and a little widened; endophallic piece present on ventral surface of apical orifice, narrow but well chitinized on its central area, invisible in dorsal or lateral view. Etymology. The specific epithet is a combination of Gan (short for Gansu Province) and Qing (short for Qinghai Province), referring that the type materials were collected in two provinces. Remarks. The specimen from Dangchang in southern Gansu is externally identical to other ones from Qinghai, but slightly different in the male genitalia, with the apical lamella less widened and more elongated. The length of the apical lamella is about 1.5 times its maxim width (Fig. 20), while this proportion is about 1.2 in the two males from the type locality (Fig. 19). Distribution. Known from two localities in eastern Qinghai (Xunhua) and southern Gansu (Dangchang).

Straneostichus politus sp. nov. Chinese vernacular name: 光Ŕḃ步ffl (Figures 5–7, 21B) Type material. Holotype: male (IZAS), “ Sichuan Province, Wolong Town, Wuyipeng, Yuancaodi, 2450 m, primary birch forest, pitfall, 2004.VI.16–VII.1, Yu Xiaodong leg., RB3-1”/ “ HOLOTYPE Straneostichus politus sp. nov., det. Chen & Shi. 2022” [red label]. Paratypes: 1 female (IZAS), “ Sichuan, Wolong, Wulidun, 2615 m, grassland, pitfall, 2004. VI.6–9, Yu XD leg., EG2-6”; 1 male (IZAS), “ Sichuan, Wolong, Wuyipeng, 2545 m, birch grove, pitfall, 2004. V.29– VI.1, Yu XD leg., HWB4-2”; 1 male (IZAS), “ Sichuan, Wolong, Wuyipeng, 2535 m, conifer-broadleaf forest, pitfall, 2004. VI.29–VII.14, Yu XD leg., HWM3-3”; 1 female (IZAS), “ Sichuan, Wolong, Wuyipeng, Yuancaodi, 2550 m, artificial larch forest, pitfall, 2004. V.1–4, Yu XD leg., RL3-1”; 1 female (IZAS), “ Sichuan, Wolong, Wuyipeng, 2675 m, Azalea forest, pitfall, 2004.VII.14–29, Yu XD leg., HWD1-5”; 1 male (CLHY), “ Sichuan Province, Ya'an City, Mt. Jiajinshan, 2019, Local leg.” Diagnostic characters. Anterior margin of pronotum much wider than posterior margin (PPW / APW 0.81–0.83); basal fovea with sparse punctures, mid-basal area between basal foveae impunctate; lateral margins gently sinuate before posterior angles, which are obtuse, without prominent denticle. Elytral striae without evident punctures. Median lobe of aedeagus slender; in dorsal view, left margin slightly sinuate before the apical lamella; the apical lamella distinctly longer than maximum width, slightly bent rightward; endophallic piece present on ventral surface of apical orifice, narrow and moderately sclerotized. Comparison. This new species is most similar to S. ovipennis. Both species are recognizable among the fischeri - group by: (1) pronotum slightly narrower, PW / PL 1.12–1.19 (versus 1.20–1.34 in other species); (2) pronotal basal fovea sparsely punctate, mid-basal area between two basal foveae impunctate (versus more or less punctate on mid-basal area); (3) elytral shoulders narrower, SW/EW 0.50–0.54 (versus 0.53–0.62 in other species); (4) when in dorsal view, the apical lamella of aedeagus distinctly longer than maximum width (versus length subequal to or less than maximum width). Compared to S. ovipennis, the new species is different in: (1) pronotal anterior margin much wider than posterior margin, PPW / APW 0.81–0.83 (versus 0.95–0.96 in S. ovipennis); (2) elytral striae impunctate (versus distinctly punctate on basal half in S. ovipennis); (3) in dorsal view, the apical lamella of aedeagus weakly bent rightward (versus strongly bent rightward in S. ovipennis), left margin of median lobe slightly sinuate before the apical lamella (versus evenly curved in S. ovipennis). Description. A medium-sized Straneostichus species (BL 11.2–12.0 mm) (Fig. 5); dorsal surface reddish copper or metallic green with coppery reflections. Head impunctate; vertex distinctly punctate; lateral grooves deep, smooth and nearly straight, extending toward posterior margin of eyes. Pronotum sub-cordiform (PW/PL 1.12–1.19), lateral margins evenly curved from anterior angles to middle, sinuate before posterior angles; anterior margin nearly straight, strongly wider than basal margin (PPW/APW 0.81–0.83), posterior margin almost straight; anterior angles obtuse and rounded, not projecting; posterior angles obtuse; disc smooth; basal foveae deep and weakly punctate, area between basal foveae impunctate. Elytra oviform (EL/EW 1.43–1.46), maximum width behind middle (AEL/ EL 0.51–0.53); shoulders strongly narrowed and rounded, humeral teeth small but distinct; basal ridge complete, forming a distinct obtuse angle with lateral margin of elytra; intervals weakly convex, striae impunctate, relatively deep; microsculpture isodiametric; umbilicate series on interval IX composed of approximately 15–19 pores, sparse in middle and dense in anterior and posterior areas. Male genitalia (Figs. 6–7). Median lobe of aedeagus moderately thick; in lateral view, basal portion strongly expanded, apex gradually narrowed and bent downwards, the apical lamella a little thickened; in dorsal view, the apical lamella distinctly longer than maximum width, gradually bent rightward, left margin weakly sinuate, apex rounded; endophallic piece present on ventral surface of apical orifice, narrow and moderately sclerotized. Etymology. The scientific name of the new species is derived from the Latin root "polit-" meaning polished and smooth, referring to its impunctate elytral striae. Distribution. Only known from two adjacent localities in the central part of Sichuan Province.

Straneostichus puetzi Sciaky & Wrase, 1997 Chinese vernacular name: NJṱḃ步ffl (Figures 13– 15, 21E) Sciaky & Wrase 1997: 1108 (type locality: Qinling, Shaanxi). Type material. 1 male paratype (CRS), “ China: Shaanxi, Qin Ling Shan, 107.56E, 33.45N, Autoroute km 93 S of Zhouzhi, 108 km SW Xian, Mountain Forest, sifted, 1650 m, 1.– 2.09.1995, leg. A. Putz ”/ “ PARATYPUS Straneostichus puetzi n. sp., Det. Sciaky & Wrase 1997 ” [red label]; 1 female paratype (CRS), “C China, SWShaanxi, Qinling mts ”/ “ Taibai Shan mass., NW of Houzhenzhi, 3100 m, VII.1996, leg. M. Häckel ”/ “ PARATYPUS Straneostichus puetzi n. sp., Det. Sciaky & Wrase 1997 ” [red label]. Non-type material. 5 males and 4 females (IZAS), “ Shaanxi, 3 km W. Of Houzhenzi, 2008. V.11, Huang Hao lgt.”; 1 male (IZAS), “ Shaanxi, Zhen’an, 1981.10, Wang Shunyou lgt.”; 1 male (IZAS), “ Shaanxi, Foping, 2020. June, Liu Wangang. et al. lgt.”; 1 male (CLYH), “ Shaanxi, Xian, Zhuque National Forest Park, 2021.VIII.”; 1 male (CCJH), “ Henan, Pingdingshan, Lushan County, Mt. Yaoshan, alt= 1800–2100 m ”, “ 2015.Ⅹ.24, Wei-Peng Qiao leg.”; 3 males and 2 females (CCJH), “ Henan, Luoyang, Song County, Mts. Longchiman, alt= 1800–2000 m ”, “ 2020.Ⅹ.17, Wei-Peng Qiao leg.”; 1 male and 6 females (CRS), “ China, W Henan, 15. VI –7.VII, Funiu Shan, 33° 42’ N 112° 15’ E, Shirenshan, 2000 m, Jaroslav Turna leg. 2007”. Diagnostic characters. Body length 11.5‒14.9 mm; dorsal surface metallic coppery or coppery-green. Pronotum sub-cordiform, PW / PL = 1.24‒1.33, anterior margin a little wider than posterior margin; basal fovea distinctly punctate, sporadic fine punctures present on area between basal foveae; lateral margins evidently sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles evident, nearly rectangular, usually without prominent denticle. Elytra relatively short, EL/EW = 1.43‒1.46; elytral striae deep, impunctate. Median lobe of aedeagus quite thick and stout, MW / ML = 0.23–0.27; in lateral view, basal portion strongly expanded, the apical lamella a little thickened; in dorsal view, the apical lamella distinctly longer than maximum width,L/W = 1.45‒1.60, hardly bent rightward, left margin distinctly sinuate, apex rounded; endophallic piece present on ventral surface of apical orifice, very wide and heavily sclerotized, partly visible in dorsal and lateral views. Distribution. This species is relatively widely distributed in Qinling mountains, from southern Shaanxi to western Henan. It is firstly recorded from Henan Province., Published as part of Chen, Jia-Heng, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2022, Taxonomic notes on the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 247-264 in Zootaxa 5182 (3) on pages 255-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7052983, {"references":["Sciaky, R. & Wrase, D. W. (1997) Twenty-nine new taxa of Pterostichinae from Shaanxi (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 29, 1087 - 1139."]}

Key to species of the genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 1. Vertex with fine and dense punctures; pronotal basal fovea composed of two fused grooves (outer groove present); pronotum usually with only one mid-lateral seta (occasionally two, the basolateral seta not included); outer surface of metatarsomere I distinctly ridged on three-fourth or more of its length; in lateral view, apical lamella of aedeagus evenly curved to venter ( fischeri -group )...................................................................................... 2 - Vertex impunctate; pronotal basal fovea composed of single long groove (outer groove absent); pronotum usually with two or more mid-lateral setae (occasionally one); outer surface of metatarsomere I faintly ridged less than half of its length; in lateral view, apical lamella of aedeagus more or less sinuate ( vignai- group )............................................ 8 2. Pronotal basal fovea sporadically punctate, mid-basal area between basal foveae completely impunctate (Figs 21A–B); elytral shoulders strongly narrowed; apical lamella of aedeagus much longer than maximum width, L/W = 1.55-1.75 (Figs 3–4, 6–7)................................................................................................... 3 - Pronotal basal fovea densely punctate, mid-basal area between basal foveae more or less punctate (Figs 21C–G); elytral shoulders moderately narrowed; apical lamella of aedeagus longer or nearly as long as maximum width, L/W = 1.00-1.60 (usually less than 1.40) (Figs 9, 11–12, 14–15, 17, 19–20)..................................................... 4 3. Elytral striae near base with fine punctures (Fig. 21A); elytra strongly elongated, EL/EW = 1.50-1.56; basal portion of aedeagus slightly thickened, in dorsal view apical lamella strongly bent rightward (Figs 3A, 3A); N. Sichuan, S. Gansu... S. ovipennis - Elytral striae completely impunctate (Fig. 21B); elytra less elongated, EL/EW = 1.43-1.46; basal portion of aedeagus strongly thickened, in dorsal view apical lamella only slightly bent rightward (Figs 6A, 7A); C. Sichuan.......... S. politus sp. nov. 4. Pronotal anterior margin subequal to posterior margin (PPW/APW = 0.98–1.05, mean 1.02); endophallic piece hardly visible (depigmented) on ventral surface of apical orifice (Figs 9, 11–12)............................................... 5 - Pronotal anterior margin slightly wider than posterior margin (PPW/APW = 0.85–0.95, mean 0.92); endophallic piece visible (well pigmented) on ventral surface of apical orifice (Figs 14–15, 17, 19–20)...................................... 6 5. Pronotum finely punctate on mid-anterior area; posterior angles forming a clear denticle (Figs 21C); median lobe of aedeagus very narrow on middle portion, apical lamella a little widened in dorsal view (Fig. 9A); Shaanxi.............. S. haeckeli - Pronotum impunctate on mid-anterior area; posterior angles evident but usually not forming denticle (Fig. 21D); median lobe of aedeagus thicker on middle portion, apical lamella strongly widened in dorsal view (Figs 11A, 12A); Gansu, Qinghai............................................................................................... S. fischeri 6. Pronotal posterior angles rarely forming denticle (Fig. 21E); elytral striae almost impunctate; middle portion of median lobe of aedeagus very thick (MW/ML = 0.23–0.27); endophallic piece on apical orifice strongly sclerotized and thickened, visible in lateral view (Figs 14C, 15C); Shaanxi, Henan......................................................... S. puetzi - Pronotal posterior angles usually forming clear denticle (Fig. 21F‒G); elytral striae with fine but distinct punctures; middle portion of median lobe of aedeagus thinner (MW / ML = 0.15–0.22); endophallic piece on apical orifice moderately sclerotized, not thickened, invisible in lateral view; Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia............................................... 7 7. Maximum width of pronotum just before middle (APL/PL = 0.42‒0.44); elytral striae shallower; middle portion of median lobe of aedeagus thinner (MW/ML = 0.15‒0.17) (Fig. 17C); in dorsal view, apical lamella strongly bent rightward, apex nearly truncate (Fig. 17A‒B); Ningxia.....................................................…… S. liupanensis sp. nov. - Maximum width of pronotum near anterior third (APL/PL = 0.34–0.38); elytral striae deeper; middle portion of median lobe of aedeagus thicker (MW/ML = 0.19–0.22) (Figs 19C, 20C); in dorsal view, apical lamella not bent rightward, apex rounded (Figs 19–20); Gansu, Qinghai............................................................. S. ganqingensis sp. nov. 8. Pronotum nearly trapezoidal (Figs 22‒23, 25‒26), posterior angles more or less evident, forming rectangular or obtuse angles; elytral basal pores present; frontal grooves moderately deep................................................... 9 - Pronotum nearly rounded (Figs 24, 27), posterior angles obtuse-rounded; elytral basal pores absent; frontal grooves very faint.................................................................................................. 10 9. Dorsal surface metallic purple or coppery (Figs 22‒23); pronotal lateral margins strongly sinuate before posterior angles, which are nearly rectangular or a little pointed; median lobe of aedeagus slenderer with longer apical lamella, in dorsal view, apical lamella a little longer than maximum width; Central and North Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia.............. S. vignai - Dorsal surface metallic green or dark blue (Figs 25‒26); pronotal lateral margins faintly sinuate or nearly straight before posterior angles, which are obtuse or slightly pointed; median lobe of aedeagus stouter with shorter apical lamella, in dorsal view, apical lamella evidently longer than maximum width; North Yunnan, South Sichuan............. S. kirschenhoferi 10. Elytral odd intervals much wider and with shallower microsculpture than even ones (Fig. 27A‒C); lateral margins evenly curved in their full length; in lateral view, apical lamella of aedeagus longer and more strongly curved ventrally.................................................................................................... S. rotundatus - Elytral odd intervals a little wider than and with similar microsculpture as even ones (Fig. 24); lateral margins nearly straight before posterior angles; in lateral view, apical lamella of aedeagus shorter and slightly curved ventrally.......... S. farkaci, Published as part of Chen, Jia-Heng, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2022, Taxonomic notes on the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 247-264 in Zootaxa 5182 (3) on pages 248-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7052983, {"references":["Sciaky, R. (1994) Straneostichus gen. n., a new genus and four new species from China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B Fur Botanik Und Zoologie, 96, 189 - 198."]}

Straneostichus liupanensis sp. nov. Chinese vernacular name: 六Ḋḃ步ffl (Figures 16–17, 21F) Type material. Holotype: male (IZAS), “ Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Guyuan City, Jingyuan County, Mt. Liupanshan, 2050m ”/ “ IV-25-2021, Si-Kai Du leg.”/ “ HOLOTYPE Straneostichus liupanensis sp. nov., det. Chen & Shi. 2022” [red label]. Paratypes: 2 males (CCJH), the same data as holotype. 1 male and 1 female (CLYH), “ Ningxia, Guyuan, Jingyuan, Mt. Liupanshan, V-2021 ”; 1 female (CRS), “ China, Ningxia, Liu Pa Shan, VI.2021 ”; 1 male and 1 female (CRS), “ Ningxia, Helan Mts., 07.2020”. Diagnostic characters. Maximum width of pronotum just before middle (APL / PL 0.42‒0.44); lateral margins shortly sinuate before posterior angles, posterior angles nearly rectangular, with faintly pointed denticle; basal fovea sparsely punctate; mid-basal area between basal foveae sporadically punctate. Elytral striae superficially but distinctly punctate. Median lobe of aedeagus moderately slender; in dorsal view, the apical lamella not widened, strongly bent rightward; endophallic piece present on ventral surface of apical orifice, large and well chitinized, but not visible in dorsal or lateral view. Comparison. The new species is most similar to S. ganqingensis sp. nov. distributed in Gansu and Qinghai. Both species are distinguishable in the fischeri -group by the combination of: pronotum basal margin narrower than anterior margin (PPW / APW = 0.88‒0.93); pronotum sparsely punctate between two basal foveae; median lobe of aedeagus moderately slender. Comparing to S. ganqingensis, S. liupanensis sp. nov. is different in: (1) maximum width of pronotum more close to the middle, APL / PL 0.40‒0.48 (versus 0.34‒0.38 in S. ganqingensis); (2) pronotum lateral margins more shortly sinuate before posterior angles, and the denticle on posterior angles more distinct; (3) median lobe of aedeagus a little slenderer, the apical lamella distinctly bent rightward and apex more truncated when in dorsal view (versus hardly bent rightward and apex more rounded in S. ganqingensis); (4) endophallic piece on apical orifice more strongly chitinized and thickened. S. liupanensis sp. nov. can be readily distinguished from S. puetzi, distributed in adjacent area and also has similar pronotal shape, by: (1) body size much smaller, 9.4‒9.8 mm (versus 11.5‒14.9 mm in S. puetzi); (2) maximum width of pronotum closer to the middle; (3) posterior angles of pronotum with pointed denticle; (4) elytral striae distinctly punctate; (5) median lobe of aedeagus slenderer, and endophallic piece invisible in dorsal or lateral view. Description. A small-sized Straneostichus species (BL 9.4‒9.8mm) (Fig. 16). Head, pronotum and elytra bright green with metallic coppery reflection. Mouthparts brownish yellow, antennae and legs dark brown or nearly black. Head glabrous, vertex distinctly punctate; eyes of moderate size, frontal grooves deep, smooth and nearly straight, extending toward posterior margin of eyes. Pronotum slightly transverse (PW/PL 1.25‒1.27), lateral margins rounded from anterior angles to the middle, very shortly sinuate before posterior angles; anterior and posterior margins nearly straight, anterior margin slightly wider than posterior margin (PPW/APW 0.91‒0.93); anterior angles obtuse and rounded, not projecting; posterior angles near rectangular, apex obtuse with faint denticle; discal area glabrous, with weak transverse wrinkles; basal fovea relatively short, deep and areal punctate, middle area between two basal foveae sparsely punctate, with irregular micro-wrinkles. Elytra oviform, EL/EW = 1.40‒1.44, maximum width near middle (AEL/EL 0.50‒0.54); shoulders narrow and rounded off, humeral teeth indistinct, not prominent; basal ridge complete, forming a distinctly obtuse angle with lateral margin; intervals weakly convex, striae relatively shallow, finely and distinctly punctate; microsculpture isodiametric, similar in both sexes; umbilicate series on interval IX composed of approximately 18–20 pores. Male genitalia (Fig. 17). Median lobe of aedeagus relatively slender, MW/ML = 0.15‒0.17; in lateral view, basal portion strongly expanded, apex gradually narrowed and bent downwards, ventral margin a little sinuate before the apical lamella, the apical lamella short, not thickened; in dorsal view, the apical lamella slightly longer than maximum width, evidently bent rightward, left margin distinctly sinuate, apex rounded-truncated, base of the apical lamella hardly constricted; endophallic piece present on ventral surface of apical orifice, narrow, strongly chitinized and thickened, invisible in dorsal or lateral view. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the new species, Liupanshan mountains ranging through the southern part of Ningxia. Distribution. Only known from Liupanshan and Helanshan Mountains in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region., Published as part of Chen, Jia-Heng, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2022, Taxonomic notes on the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 247-264 in Zootaxa 5182 (3) on pages 256-258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7052983

Straneostichus vignai Sciaky, 1994 Chinese vernacular name: ḰÑḃ步ffl (Figures 22–23) Straneostichus vignai vignai Sciaky, 1994: 192 (type locality: Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan); Straneostichus vignai romani Sciaky, 1994: 193 (type locality: Xiaojin, Sichuan); Straneostichus vignai violaceus Sciaky & Wrase, 1997: 1110 (type locality: Qingling, Shaanxi). Type material. A male paratype of Straneostichus vignai Sciaky (CRS) “ China, N-Sichuan, 30 km W Nanping, 13.–15. VI.1992, Jiuzhaigou, 3100 m. Jaroslav Turna leg.”, “ PARATYPUS Straneostichus n. g. vignai n. sp. Det. R. Sciaky 1993” [red label]. The holotype of Straneostichus vignai romani Sciaky, male (CRS) “Cina- W Sichuan, Zhi- Long (Shou-Ji), 3–8.VIII.92. Sauer”; “ HOLOTYPUS, Straneostichus vignai romani n. ssp. Det. Sciaky ‘94” [red label]. The holotype of Straneostichus vignai violaceus Sciaky & Wrase, male (CRS), “C China-Shaanxi, Qinling mts. 33º35’N 107º43’E NW of Houzhenzi, 2600 m VII.1996. leg. Haeckel”; “ HOLOTYPUS, Straneostichus vignai violaceus n. ssp., Sciaky & Wrase des. 1997” [red label]. Non-type material. 2 males (CCCC), “ Sichuan, Maoxian, Jiudingshan, Qinglongping, 2017. V.2–3, alt = 2816 m, Yang Xiaodong lgt.”; 3 males and 1 female (CCCC), “ Sichuan, Baoxing, Qiaoqi, Borigou, 2017.IV.15, alt= 3000 m, Yang Xiaodong lgt.”; 4 males and 3 females (CCCC), “ Sichuan, Lixian, Miyaluo, Suoluogou, alt= 2800 m, 2017. IV.24, Yang Xiaodong lgt.”; 1 female (IZAS), “ Sichuan, Huanglong, 1990.VII.26, Xie Weiping lgt.”; 1 female (CRS), “ China, Sechuan, Jitiang, 3.7– 14.7.2001, lgt. E. Kucera ”; 1 male (CRS), “ China, N Sichuan, Jiuzhaigou, Songpan co., 3000 m, 4.–7. 7. 94. Benes”; 1 male and 2 females (CRS), “ China, N. Sichuan, env. Nanping, 15.VII.1997. Murzin”; 1 female (CCJH), “ China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan, 7.2015. Local.”; 2 females (CRS), “ China, SW Shaanxi, Qinling mts., Houzhenzi, 2600 m, 7.7.1996, leg. Janata M. ”; 1 female (CRS), “ China, Shanxi prov., Zhouzhi Co., Houzhenzhi env., 3200 m, 10.– 25.7.1998, Benes leg.”; 2 females (CRS), “ China, Shaanxi prov., Qing Ling Shan mts., track Hou Zen Zi vill. to Taibaishan Mt., 2500 m, 27–29. VI.1998, O Safranek et M. Tryzna lgt.”; 3 males and 4 females (IZAS), “ Gansu, Zhouqu, Shatan forestry station, 1998.VII.6, Zhang Xuezhong lgt.”; 1 female (CRS), “ China, Gansu prov., Tevo co., Tevo env., 2000 m, 27.6– 5.7. 1998, Benes lgt.”; 1 male (CRS), “ China, Gansu, Minshan Mountain Range, 60 km N.W. Wudu, 15. VI.2005 ”; 2 females (CRS), “ China, Gansu mer., Lintan, Zhi Mei Shan, 2900 m, for latifolie, 17-VII-2005, leg. Cavazzuti ”; 2 males (CCJH), “ Ningxia, Guyuan, Jingyuan County, Mt. Liupanshan, alt= 2050 m, IV-25-2021, Si-Kai Du leg. ”. Remarks. Three subspecies were recognized under this species mainly based on minor differences in the male genitalia. In the present contribution, we provide several new geographical records for this species. For our examined specimens, those from Baoxing, Wolong, and Lixian belong to the subspecies S. vignai romani, while those from Huanglong and Zhouqu belong to the nominotypical subspecies. However, those from Maoxian and Liupanshan cannot be classified into any described subspecies because of their isolated distributions and small morphological differences. The two specimens from Maoxian, Jiudingshan are most similar to the nominotypical subspecies for the elytral shoulders not angulate, but different in the dorsal surface coppery but not purple and the apical lamella of aedeagus a little more enlarged and rounded. The specimens from Liupanshan are most similar to the subspecies S. vignai violaceus for the elytral shoulders weakly angulate and the median lobe of aedeagus with left margin distinctly sinuate, but different in the aedeagus slenderer and the apical lamella of aedeagus is less enlarged. Thus, we prefer not to describe them as new subspecies because the above-mentioned differences are much too subtle and some of these characters show intermediate status between described subspecies. Distribution. This species is widely distributed from central-western Sichuan to southern Gansu, southern Shaanxi and Ningxia., Published as part of Chen, Jia-Heng, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2022, Taxonomic notes on the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of three new species, pp. 247-264 in Zootaxa 5182 (3) on pages 260-261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7052983, {"references":["Sciaky, R. (1994) Straneostichus gen. n., a new genus and four new species from China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B Fur Botanik Und Zoologie, 96, 189 - 198.","Sciaky, R. & Wrase, D. W. (1997) Twenty-nine new taxa of Pterostichinae from Shaanxi (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 29, 1087 - 1139."]}