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This pilot study examined the acceptability and feasibility of conducting a weight loss maintenance intervention over the Internet. Obese adults participated in a 15-week behavioral weight control intervention and were then randomly assigned to one of the following three maintenance conditions: (a) in-person, therapist-led (TL); (b) Internet, therapist-led (I); and (c) control (C). Both maintenance interventions met biweekly for 22 weeks using the same program content. Results showed that TL participants were more likely to attend their meetings and feel more satisfied with their group assignment. Ho wever, there were no differences between the TL and I groups in overall attrition or number of peer support contacts made. There was also no significant difference in weight loss between the groups. Thus, the Internet may hold promise as a method for maintaining contact with patients to facilitate long-term behavior change.

The Ottawa-Carleton Heart Beat Restaurant Program is intended to encourage restaurateurs to provide lower-fat and higher-fibre choices. Restaurants participating in this program are promoted through a dining guide and a newspaper supplement. In addition, all participating restaurants receive promotional materials - decal, certificate, menu inserts, table tents, and staff poster - for display. To determine restaurateurs' awareness of the program, provision of healthy food choices, and use of promotional materials, a survey was administered to 142 of the 222 participating restaurants. Results show that 92% of the restaurateurs were aware they were participating in this program, most restaurants could provide the healthy food choices, and 75% of restaurateurs recalled receiving the promotional materials. However, fewer than 33% used the table tents and menu inserts. Slightly more used the staff poster, and 45% or more used the decal and the certificate. These results indicate future directions for such programs.

Obese coronary patients could benefit significantly from weight reduction. Unfortunately, weight management is not considered a standard component of cardiac rehabilitation programs. This article reviews the characteristics, approach and outcome data for behavioral weigh loss programs. Strategies for implementing a behavior modification treatment as part of a cardiac rehabilitation program are discussed.

9591 Background: A majority of women with breast cancer are overweight or obese. Weight gain and loss of lean body mass often accompany chemotherapy. Excess weight is associated with increased risk of recurrence and decreased overall survival. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of a behavioral based weight loss intervention for breast cancer survivors who did and did not receive chemotherapy and to determine if additional resistance training enhances weight loss. Methods: Women with a BMI of 26-50 and stage I-III breast cancer were recruited for a 6 mo weight loss program which included individualized calorie reduction, 300 min of weekly exercise and a weekly online “chat”. Resistance training consisted of 2x/wk 30 min resistance exercises. Anthropometric measures; kcal measured by 24-hr recalls; and physical activity measured by accelerometer were assessed. Results: Seventy-four women were recruited and 52 completed post testing. The average age was 54 and average time since diagnosis was 33 mos. The average BMI at study initiation was 33 kg/m2. Overall the survivors lost 5.9 kg (6.7 % of baseline weight). Based on paired t-test evaluation weight, BMI and % body fat were all significantly lower after the intervention for completers and when using intent to treat analysis. There were no differences between groups for anthropometric change. The kcal deficit was significant for the chemo + wt loss + resistance (274kcal) and the no chemo (327kcal) groups but not the chemo+ wt loss group (196kcal). Exercise did not significantly increase between the baseline and post testing. Conclusions: Breast cancer survivors lose significant amounts of weight with a standard behaviorally based weight loss intervention. Receipt of chemotherapy did not influence ability to lose weight. Resistance training may increase weight loss while decreasing amount of fat free mass lost. Supervised exercise may be needed to achieve increases in exercise. Clinical trial information: NCT01482702. [Table: see text]

This study examined the effect that dietary-induced weight loss has on body composition, energy metabolism, and substrate oxidation at rest and during the 5-hour period following a meal. Twenty older (age:mean +/- SE, 61 +/- 1 years; range, 56 to 70 y) obese (body mass index > 32 kg/m2) subjects (12 women, eight men) completed an 11-week dietary restriction program in which they lost 9 +/- l kg. Fat and fat-free mass were reduced (P < .05) by 15% and 5%, respectively. Resting metabolic rate decreased by 15% (P < .05). Overall, weight loss did not alter the percentage of energy derived from fat sources (approximately 47% of energy) under resting conditions. In contrast, the percentage of calories derived from fat during the 5-hour postmeal period decreased from baseline to post-weight loss from 38% +/- 3% to 26% +/- 4% (P < .05) of total calories expended. The reduction in fat oxidation subsequent to a meal may facilitate fat storage, and may be one mechanism by which one regains weight following weight loss.

To evaluate a year-long behavioral weight control program, used with and without an intermittent very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.Subjects (n = 93) were randomly assigned to 50-week treatment programs that used either a balanced low-calorie diet (LCD) of 1,000 to 1,000 kilocalories (kcal) per day throughout or included 2 12-week periods of a VLCD of 400 to 500 kcal per day alternating with the balanced LCD. Weight, glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipids were assessed at baseline, at the end of the year-long treatment, and at 2-year follow-up.Subjects in the VLCD program lost significantly more weight than did LCD subjects at the end of the 50-week program (14.2 kg versus 10.5 kg; P = 0.057) and remained off diabetes medication longer (P0.05). These benefits of the VLCD were due primarily to the first 12 weeks of the diet; the second diet maintained, but did not increase, these effects. Subjects in both groups experienced marked improvements in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors over the year-long program, but attendance declined in the latter weeks of treatment and weight was regained. There was also marked recidivism in both groups in the year following treatment.The intermittent VLCD improved weight loss and glycemic control, but these effects were quite modest and do not appear to justify the clinical use of an intermittent VLCD. Moreover, lengthening treatment to a full year did not prevent relapse. Thus, further research is needed to develop a successful approach to long-term weight control.

BackgroundThe Weight Loss Maintenance Trial (WLM) compared two long-term weight-maintenance interventions, a personal contact arm and an Internet arm, with a no-treatment control after an initial six-month Phase I weight loss program. The Internet arm focused on use of an interactive website for support of long-term weight maintenance. There is limited information about patterns of website use and specific components of an interactive website that might help promote maintenance of weight loss. ObjectiveThis paper presents a secondary analysis of the subset of participants in the Internet arm and focuses on website use patterns and features associated with long-term weight maintenance. MethodsAdults at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) who lost at least 4 kilograms in an initial 20-week group-based, behavioral weight-loss program were trained to use an interactive website for weight loss maintenance. Of the 348 participants, 37% were male and 38% were African American. Mean weight loss was 8.6 kilograms. Participants were encouraged to log in at least weekly and enter a current weight for the 30-month study period. The website contained features that encouraged setting short-term goals, creating action plans, and reinforcing self-management habits. The website also included motivational modules, daily tips, and tailored messages. Based on log-in and weight-entry frequency, we divided participants into three website use categories: consistent, some, and minimal. ResultsParticipants in the consistent user group (n = 212) were more likely to be older (P = .002), other than African American (P = .02), and more educated (P = .01). While there was no significant difference between website use categories in the amount of Phase I change in body weight (P = .45) or income (P = .78), minimal website users (n = 75) were significantly more likely to have attended fewer Phase I sessions (P = .001) and had a higher initial body mass index (BMI) (P < .001). After adjusting for baseline characteristics including initial BMI, variables most associated with less weight regain included: number of log-ins (P = .001), minutes on the website (P < .001), number of weight entries (P = .002), number of exercise entries (P < .001), and sessions with additional use of website features after weight entry (P = .002). ConclusionParticipants defined as consistent website users of an interactive behavioral website designed to promote maintenance of weight loss were more successful at maintaining long-term weight loss. Trial RegistrationNCT00054925; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00054925 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5rC7523ue)

This article focuses on the June 1995 issue of the "Sociology of Sport Journal." The task associated with this special issue is more complicated than it appears at first sight. It implies more than translating, since in addition to the language barrier a cultural barrier must be overcome. In fact, several factors have to be considered when publishing research papers written in another language, especially when they are inspired by works that have already been translated. Obviously, this special issue is intended not to solve difficulties but rather to raise awareness about them and contribute to the discipline by allowing a confrontation of readings specific to different scholarly spaces within sociology of sport. Some of the ideas conveyed here might appear inadequate or simply wrong to some readers. If that is the case, this issue will have From a thematic point of view, the feature articles are a good illustration of a number of issues central to French-language sociology of sport communities.

En decembre 2000, Pierre Lortie etait nomme president et chef de l’exploitation de Bombardier Transport. Un mois plus tot, l’Union europeenne repoussait a la fin d’avril 2001 sa decision sur l’acquisition d’Adtranz, une filiale de DaimlerChrysler. M. Lortie devais alors planifier l’eventuelle integration dans Bombardier Transport d’une entite plus grosse qu’elle. Avant de decrire la strategie qu’il a utilisee, le dossier presente le contexte industriel dans lequel evolue Bombardier Transport. Il discute ensuite des enjeux specifiques de l’acquisition, soit les aspects humains et culturels, l’image de marque et le fonctionnement au quotidien de l’entreprise. Puis il traite du role joue par l’orientation processus et par la contribution de Pierre Lortie a la demarche de Bombardier Transport. Le dossier se termine par l’examen des premiers indicateurs de succes de l’acquisition.

This paper assesses the development of the welfare state as an important factor in state intervention in sport. In the first section, a set of theoretical assumptions for the analysis of the welfare state is developed. The second section presents a typology of tools of state intervention in sport inspired by welfare statism. In the last section an analysis of the Canadian case is presented. The paper indicates the broad impact of the welfare state on sport policies as well as demonstrating the need for more empirical studies.

The opportunities, constraints and limitations of transferring an operations management approach to public professional services are illustrated through a detailed analysis of two alternate designs for a social service process: a flow shop and a continuous intervention process. Trade‐offs between cost, quality and timeliness of output and between desirable process characteristics are highlighted through a quantitative example. Professional service organisations are democratic organisations staffed by highly competent and autonomous individuals. Process management is different in such an environment. Understanding the linkages between process design and process management is particularly important in professional service organisations, both for process designers, to ensure that they design manageable processes, and for process managers, so that they are aware of all the possibilities and limitations of the process.