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Due to the insufficient interaction of the phosphorus lone pair with the butadiene moiety, the aromaticity of the phosphole ring is lower than that of its counterpart's pyrrole, furan, and thiophene. Considering the high importance of phosphole core in organic chemistry, increasing its stability through reinforcement its aromaticity can be very valuable. In the present work, the aromaticity of the phosphole on the anomeric carbon in both the axial and equatorial conformers of the unsaturated six‐membered heterocycles, using structural, electronic, energetic, and magnetic indices were investigated by the DFT‐B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) computational method. Electron pumping through anomeric and then Schleyer hyperconjugative interaction increase the aromaticity of the phosphole ring in axial conformer of compounds 1–11. Based on various types of aromaticity indices, the results showed that the phosphole ring in the axial position has far higher aromaticity than the equatorial position. The phosphole ring containing cyano groups shows an efficient anomeric effect and, as a result, higher aromaticity. Excellent correlations were observed between aromaticity indices with different backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rhizobial bacteria is an important species among the soil bacteria that inter a relationship with leguminous plant and fix nitrogen symbiotically. Importance of this relation not only for soil as soil fertilizer but also to keep our environment without pollution. Methods: Survey was conducted to collect different strains of rhizobial from different area in Nineveh Governate in Iraq. Isolation and biochemical tests were done under laboratory conditions. Determination of exopolysaccharide and tolerance of heavy metal was conducted also. Data obtained was recorded after cultivation and incubation of rhizobial strains. Results: The rhizobial bacteria were isolated from the following leguminous plants: Vigna unguiculata L., Trifolium alexandrinum, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Leucaena leucocephala L., Medicago sativa L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Tribulus terrestris L. and Vicia faba L. Maximum exopolysaccharide production were reached to 3.70 gm/L by the isolate R. leguminosarum bv. Viciae RM25,after two days of incubation. The maximum cell dry weight was 2.90 gm/L. by the isolate E. meliloti RM14, after two days of incubation. Maximum reduction in pH were 4.30 by strain E. meliloti RM5, after two days incubation. All the local isolated rhizobia were tolerated to nickel chloride for the studied concentrations: 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 µg/ ml. Also were tolerance to 100 and 500 µg/ ml of zinc sulfate and copper sulfate. 1000 µg/ ml concentration of zinc sulfate were also tolerated by all rhizobial isolates. Conclusion: Rhizobium bacteria possess several mechanisms that allow them to tolerate heavy metal exposure. These mechanisms include the expression of efflux pumps, the presence of metal-resistance plasmids, the production of EPS, and the ability to adapt to environmental factors. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind the heavy metal tolerance in Rhizobium and to explore the potential applications of these bacteria in bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ozone treatment is one of the technological methods used in preserving meat because it is a strong and highly effective antimicrobial agent that helps eliminate a wide range of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Hence, the importance of research lies in prolonging the duration of meat preservation. Therefore, this study aimed to discover the effect of ozone on muscle meat tissue and to identify histological changes in the muscles of beef, sheep, goats, chicken, and fresh fish treated with ozone from the cohesion of muscle tissue (muscle fibers), and other histological changes in muscle fibers and between muscle fibers. This study was conducted in veterinary laboratories - at Tikrit University to determine ozone's effect on the histological properties of fresh red and white meat. Ozone was produced according to the manufacturer's instructions (A2Z/Aqua-6 specification), after which the ozone concentration produced from water (ppm) was measured using the K-7404 chemical device Kimet Kimites®. The experiment was divided into five groups according to each type of meat: cattle, sheep, goats, chickens (broilers), and fish (Cyprinus carpio). Fresh meat was purchased from the local markets of Tikrit in Salah al-Din province. They were cut into mediumsized pieces with a knife. Then ozone was treated at a concentration of (0.5 ppm) according to each group, where each group was divided into 3 treatments: the first group included (A) a control sample without treatment; the second treatment, (B) ozone treatment for 20 minutes; and the third treatment (C) is ozone treatment for 30 minutes with a constant concentration of 0.5 ppm. The study samples were taken 50 g of meat cut into small squares. These tissues were washed with a physiological solution (natural saline) to remove the blood and then transferred to the stabilization stage. The tissue sections were prepared by taking meat pieces and treating them with formalin at a concentration of 10% (90 mL of water + 10 mL of 40% formaldehyde) for 24 hours. The samples were washed with running water to remove formalin residue for half an hour, and then the water was removed from the treatment route with different concentrations of ethyl alcohol (30, 50, 70, 80, 95, and 100%) for the purpose of gradually withdrawing water from them. The duration of each pass was 30 minutes, and the absolute alcohol step (100%) was repeated twice to complete the final removal of water. Then the samples were placed in xylene for 30 min. in two stages to make the tissue more transparent, after that the samples were placed in a mixture of xylene and molten paraffin wax at 58 °C, in a ratio of 1 : 1, for 60 minutes, after which they passed through the molten wax for half an hour with three passes in order to ensure penetration. After that the wax and the samples were buried with polished wax inside the iron mold in the shape of the letter L. The samples were split with a sharp blade, and then the mold was placed on a stand mounted on the microtome tissue sections. They were transferred to a water bath at a temperature of 40 °C in order to spread the tissue and prevent the accumulation of cells on top of each other. After that, the sections were loaded on glass slides holding the diamond pen. At the end, the histological sections were colored, and the prepared sections were examined using a light microscope. In general, he results showed that the use of ozone in meat has improved the properties of meat by relaxing and hypertrophy of muscle fibers with the expansion of muscle fibers and the distance between muscle fibers due to water preservation by muscle fibers and preventing: shrinkage, water loss, and water loss, unlike control sample in the normal state, where the muscle fibers lose water as a result of animal slaughter and reduce pH, which is an important quality trait for the consumer. We can conclude that the use of ozone in the treatment of animal meat's skeletal muscles improves organoleptic properties and maintains muscle strength by preventing muscle fibers from contracting due to hypertrophic muscle fibers. Ozone in meat keeps muscle tissue from water contraction and loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) gather data in physical environments, which is some type. These ubiquitous sensors face several challenges responsible for corrupting them (mostly sensor failure and intrusions in external agents). WSNs were disposed to error, and effectual fault detection techniques are utilized for detecting faults from WSNs in a timely approach. Machine learning (ML) was extremely utilized for detecting faults in WSNs. Therefore, this study proposes a billiards optimization algorithm with modified deep learning for fault detection (BIOMDL-FD) inWSN. The BIOMDLFD technique mainly concentrates on identifying sensor faults to enhance network efficiency. To do so, the presented BIOMDL-FD technique uses the attention-based bidirectional long short-term memory (ABLSTM) method for fault detection. In the ABLSTM model, the attention mechanism enables us to learn the relationships between the inputs and modify the probability to give more attention to essential features. At the same time, the BIO algorithm is employed for optimal hyperparameter tuning of the ABLSTM model, which is stimulated by billiard games, showing the novelty of the work. Experimental analyses are made to affirm the enhanced fault detection outcomes of the BIOMDL-FD technique. Detailed simulation results demonstrate the improvement of the BIOMDL-FD technique over othermodels with a maximum classification accuracy of 99.37%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, global pharmaceutical consumption has increased, resulting in the increased release into the environment and endangering the entire ecosystem. These pharmaceuticals have attracted considerable attention due to their persistence, toxicity, and the appearance of resistance genes and development antibiotic-resistance bacteria. Furthermore, conventional wastewater treatment plants are ineffective in treating antibiotic-contaminated wastewater. Thus, algae-based technologies are sustainable, low-cost, and friendly to the environment. In this context, immobilization appears to be of particular interest to many researchers as they develop new, efficient, greener strategies for the elimination of toxic and hazardous pollutants. provide a critical overview of algal immobilization-based technologies, and a biotechnological tool that restricts cell movement by confining it within a polymer matrix or attaching it to a rigid support is a promising, and cost-effective alternative that does not necessitate the use of additional chemicals. This paper presents strategies for the systematic removal of pharmaceuticals based on algae immobilization techniques as an economical, effective, and feasible alternative technology for removing pharmaceuticals and environmental concerns from water bodies and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of these techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracts from plant materials have great potential as alternatives to inorganic corrosion inhibitors, which typically have harmful consequences. Experimental and theoretical methodologies studied the effectiveness of agricultural waste, namely, date palm seed extract as a green anti-corrosive agent in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. Experimental results showed that immersion time and temperature are closely related to the effectivity of date palm seed as a corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency reduced from 95% to 91% at 1400 ppm when the immersion time was increased from 72 h to 168 h. The experimental results also indicated that the inhibition efficiency decreased as the temperature increased. The presence of a protective layer of organic matter was corroborated by scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption studies indicated that date palm seed obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm on the carbon steel surface, and Gibbs free energy values were in the range of −33.45 to −38.41 kJ·mol−1. These results suggested that the date palm seed molecules interacted with the carbon steel surface through mixture adsorption. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory showed that the capability to donate and accept electrons between the alloy surface and the date palm seed inhibitor molecules is critical for adsorption effectiveness. The HOMO and LUMO result indicated that the carboxyl (COOH) group and C=C bond were the most active sites for the electron donation-acceptance type of interaction and most auxiliary to the adsorption process over the Fe surface.

Background: Cyproheptadine hydrochloride (HCl) is antihistaminic drug which used widely in our country as an appetizer and for weight gain especially for low weight children. Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the effects of cyproheptadine HCl on blood picture including white blood cells count, lymphocytes count, and its effect on the level of different cytokines. Materials And Methods: This is an experimental study conducted at Biotechnology Research Center Laboratory in Alnahrain University from November 2016 to April 2017. It included five groups of albino male mice, these groups were treated separately with four doses of the cyproheptadine drug and fifth as control group; the doses were selected according to the British National Formulary (BNF) 2010 calculated on the base of mice/human deference's in body weight: These are (0.065, 0.092, 0.120, 0.24) mg/mice/day, respectively, with fifth untreated mice group considered as control. Results: The untreated mice (control) lymphocyte count was (4000) cell/ml and the total lymphocytes count increased up to (7014) cell/ml than the normal leading changes in interleukins (ILs) level in different manner, such as decreasing in both IL-6 and IL-10 levels with increasing in IL-12 level and no change in IL-4 level. Conclusion: The current study showed that cyproheptadine HCl may have unwanted side effects, and its abuse may lead to disturbances in white blood cell especially lymphocyte which in turn will affect the immunity of persons taking it, especially in children, since the immune system modulates ILs secretion to face the irritability of drug behavior, that will lead abnormalities in human immune system.

Travel time-distance curves are plotted using seismic events recorded by Q330 broadband seismic station in Baghdad. Three component STS-2 seismometers record 132, 97 events represented the first arrival of Pn, Sn, respectively for the period between 2010 to January 2015. The minimum and maximum hypocentral distance for these events are 129 and 650 Km, respectively, their magnitudes range between (3.5 – 6.4) on the Richter scale. The velocity of the upper mantle has been calculated using travel time-distance curve, the velocity values are 8.13,4.49 km/s for Pn, Sn, respectively. The standard deviation (SD) are 1.211, 1.556 and Correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9965, 0.9982 for Pn and Sn respectively, VP/VS-ratio beneath seismic Baghdad station is 1.807.

This paper compares between testing performance methods of classifier algorithm on a standard database of mammogram images. Mammographic interchange society dataset (MIAS) is used in this work. For classifying these images tumors a multiclass support vector machine (SVM) classifier is used. Evaluating this classifier accuracy for classifying the mammogram tumors into the malignant, benign or normal case is done using two evaluating classifier methods that are a hold-out method and one of the cross-validation methods. Then selecting the better test method depending on the obtained classifier accuracy and the running time consumed with each method. The classifier accuracy, training time and the classification time are considered for comparison purpose

The study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of insecticide (Karate) upon trough use green algae Scendesmus quadricauda as test organism in period time(24,72,96) hours under control conditions.The alga was growing in water giving from Al-Hilla river after filtering by Millipore filter paper (0.45)

Background: Cervical carcinoma was considered as a major problem and life threaten of women; therefore it is worthy to study the association of Epstein–Barr virus and cytomegalovirus co-infection with human papillomavirus type 16 in uterine cervical carcinoma progression. Cervical carcinoma is known closely associated with human papillomavirus. Objective: To identify whether Epstein–Barr virus and cytomegalovirus play a co-factors role in the cervical carcinogenesis besides human papillomavirus type 16 infection. Patients and Methods: Current study included paraffin embedded sections from 50 cases of cervical cancer in Baghdad during the period from 2012 till 2014. They were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus type 16, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA using in situ hybridization technique. Results: This study showed that (33, 66%), (22, 44%) and (38, 76%) out of 50 cervical cancer specimens were positive to human papillomavirus type 16, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus DNAs signals respectively by using in situ hybridization technique. Conclusion: The co-operation effects of CMV and EBV onto HPV16 might progress the oncogenesis of cervical carcinoma in female patients.

Background: The previous laboratory investigations confirmed local polio case was informed on 28th January 2000 and another two wild polio cases were reported from Resafa \ Baghdad province in 2014. The date of onset of these cases were February and April 2014 and both cases were connected to 2013 of Syria outbreak. Objective:To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes levels towards polio vaccination among staff of Technical Institute - AL-Suwaira. Patients and Methods: A study of cross-sectional design consisted of 170 a selected samples of Technical Institute \ AL-Suwaira staff members. Collected during January 2018.The knowledge and attitudes levels estimated by using typical design of self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the results. Results: Over all, 170 participants reacted to the questionnaire by a response rate of 93.5%. All respondents established a good knowledge and positive attitudes levels to poliovirus vaccination. Mean knowledge score (built on11 knowledge questions) and mean attitude score (built on 10 attitudes statements) of participants about polio vaccine were 14.45±2.38 and 26.5±4.5 respectively. The mainstream of respondents agreed that all children should be taken the polio vaccine (88.2%), and the sterility concerns that associated with polio vaccines (14.1%). Television (n=126, 39%) and Internet (n = 66, 21%) were the main social media sources that used by staff members to educate and modify themselves about polio vaccination. Knowledge defects were recognized in the management issues and how to dealing with vaccines (45.9%), the incubation period of poliovirus infection (38.8%) and the consequences of the poliovirus infection (56.5%) on the victims. Conclusion: Staff members of Technical Institute \ AL-Suwaira showed a good knowledge and positive attitudes levels about polio vaccination. Even though the statistics are indicative of knowledge gaps of participants, further studies are needed to assess these levels for better education program against polio.

The nanocompsite of alumina (Al2O3) produced a number of beneficial effects in alloys. There is increasing in resistance of materials to surface related failures , such as the mechanical properties , fatigue and stress corrosion cracking .The experimental results observed that the adding of reinforced nanomaterials type Al2O3 enhanced the HB hardness, UTS, 0.2 YS and ductility of 2014 Al/Al2O3 nano composites . the analysis of experiments, indicated that The maximum enhancement was observed at 0.4 wt.% Al2O3. The ultimate improvement percentage were 15.78% HB hardness, 18.1% (UTS), 12.86% (0.2 YS) and 25.71% ductility. These enhancements in the above properties maybe to high dislocation density resulting in good bounding between Al2O3 and metal matrix.