351 results on '"Jane A. Allen"'
Search Results
202. Telling Questions More Details-Less Anxiety
- Author
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Jane I. Allen and Juanita N. Baker
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Psychotherapist ,Intervention (counseling) ,General Engineering ,medicine ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 2001
203. Differential cell-matrix responses in hypoxia-stimulated aortic versus mitral valves
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Gabrielle Fatora, Neelesh Mutyala, Daniel S. Puperi, Varun K. Krishnamurthy, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Matthew C. Sapp, and Saheba Bhatnagar
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Swine ,Angiogenesis ,Heart Valve Diseases ,Myocardial Ischemia ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Bioengineering ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Oxygen ,Biomaterials ,Extracellular matrix ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tissue engineering ,Internal medicine ,Mitral valve ,medicine ,Animals ,cardiovascular diseases ,Heart valve ,Life Sciences–Engineering interface ,Aorta ,medicine.disease ,Fibrosis ,Extracellular Matrix ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Hypoxia-inducible factors ,chemistry ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,Mitral Valve ,Biotechnology ,Calcification - Abstract
Tissue oxygenation often plays a significant role in disease and is an essential design consideration for tissue engineering. Here, oxygen diffusion profiles of porcine aortic and mitral valve leaflets were determined using an oxygen diffusion chamber in conjunction with computational models. Results from these studies revealed the differences between aortic and mitral valve leaflet diffusion profiles and suggested that diffusion alone was insufficient for normal oxygen delivery in mitral valves. During fibrotic valve disease, leaflet thickening due to abnormal extracellular matrix is likely to reduce regional oxygen availability. To assess the impact of low oxygen levels on valve behaviour, whole leaflet organ cultures were created to induce leaflet hypoxia. These studies revealed a loss of layer stratification and elevated levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha in both aortic and mitral valve hypoxic groups. Mitral valves also exhibited altered expression of angiogenic factors in response to low oxygen environments when compared with normoxic groups. Hypoxia affected aortic and mitral valves differently, and mitral valves appeared to show a stenotic, rheumatic phenotype accompanied by significant cell death. These results indicate that hypoxia could be a factor in mid to late valve disease progression, especially with the reduction in chondromodulin-1 expression shown by hypoxic mitral valves.
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- 2016
204. Age-related changes in aortic valve hemostatic protein regulation
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Allison Post, Kyung Taeck Minn, Huiwen Liu, K. Jane Grande-Allen, and Liezl R. Balaoing
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Aortic valve ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Aging ,Carboxypeptidase B2 ,Endothelium ,Swine ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Von Willebrand factor ,Internal medicine ,Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ,von Willebrand Factor ,medicine ,Animals ,Hemostatic function ,Cells, Cultured ,Hemostasis ,biology ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Calcinosis ,Endothelial Cells ,Thrombosis ,Aortic Valve Stenosis ,medicine.disease ,Blood Coagulation Factors ,Endothelial stem cell ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Aortic valve stenosis ,Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ,Aortic Valve ,Tissue Plasminogen Activator ,cardiovascular system ,biology.protein ,Cardiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Histamine - Abstract
Objective— Although valvular endothelial cells have unique responses compared with vascular endothelial cells, valvular regulation of hemostasis is not well-understood. Heart valves remodel throughout a person’s lifetime, resulting in changes in extracellular matrix composition and tissue mechanical properties that may affect valvular endothelial cell hemostatic function. This work assessed valvular endothelial cell regulation of hemostasis in situ and in vitro as a function of specimen age. Approach and Results— Porcine aortic valves were assigned to 1 of 3 age groups: Young (YNG) (6 weeks); Adult (ADT) (6 months); or Elderly (OLD) (2 years). Histological examination of valves showed that secreted thrombotic/antithrombotic proteins localize at the valve endothelium and tissue interior. Gene expression and immunostains for von Willebrand factor (VWF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and tissue plasminogen activator in YNG porcine aortic valve endothelial cells were higher than they were for OLD, whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels in OLD were higher than those for YNG and ADT. Histamine-stimulated YNG porcine aortic valve endothelial cells released higher concentrations of VWF proteins than OLD, and the fractions of VWF-140 fragments was not different between age groups. A calcific aortic valve disease in vitro model using valvular interstitial cells confirmed that VWF in culture significantly increased valvular interstitial cell nodule formation and calcification. Conclusions— Hemostatic protein regulation in aortic valve tissues and in valvular endothelial cells changes with age. The presence of VWF and other potential hemostatic proteins increase valvular interstitial cell calcification in vitro. Therefore, the increased capacity of elderly valves to sequester the hemostatic proteins, together with age-associated loss of extracellular matrix organization, warrants investigation into potential role of these proteins in the formation of calcific nodules.
- Published
- 2013
205. 3D Printed Modeling of the Mitral Valve for Catheter-Based Structural Interventions
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Vukicevic, Marija, primary, Puperi, Daniel S., additional, Jane Grande-Allen, K., additional, and Little, Stephen H., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
206. Electrospun polyurethane and hydrogel composite scaffolds as biomechanical mimics for aortic valve tissue engineering
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Daniel, Puperi, primary, Alysha, Kishan, additional, Tyler, Touchet, additional, Zoe, Punske, additional, Yan, Wu, additional, Elizabeth, Cosgriff-Hernandez, additional, Jennifer, West, additional, and Jane, Grande-Allen, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
207. Food and Nutrition Issues of Importance to Hospitality Management Students in Australia
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Jane L. Allen, FJ Cumming, and David R. Woodward
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Tourism education ,Hospitality ,business.industry ,Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management ,Hospitality management studies ,Business ,Marketing ,Education - Abstract
(1997). Food and Nutrition Issues of Importance to Hospitality Management Students in Australia. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 68-74.
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- 1997
208. Age and Regional Dependence of Collagen Crimp in Heart Valves
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K. Jane Grande-Allen, Jennifer M. Kreuz, Kendra N. Erskine, and Alicia A. Blancas
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Aortic valve ,Anterior leaflet ,Free edge ,business.industry ,Anatomy ,Picrosirius red ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Collagen fiber ,Pulmonary valve ,cardiovascular system ,Crimp ,Medicine ,Heart valve ,Composite material ,business - Abstract
The hierarchical structure and organization of collagen plays an integral role in the mechanical behavior of heart valve tissues, but with few exceptions the degree of collagen fiber crimp has not been extensively quantified. Given our recent demonstration of age-dependent and region-dependent variations in mechanical behavior of heart valves, this study quantified crimp period and amplitude in all four heart valves as a function of orientation (circumferential vs. radial), age (6 week, 6 month, and 6 year old pigs), and region (mitral anterior leaflet center vs. free edge). Polarized light microscopy of picrosirius red stained sections revealed that collagen crimp was generally consistent between the circumferential and radial directions, although for the pulmonary valve there was a greater crimp period circumferentially than radially. Comparing all valves and orientations showed that the crimp period was greatest circumferentially in the center of the mitral anterior leaflet. With respect to age, crimp period was lowest in the 6 month old aortic valve (matching previously reported patterns of aortic valve leaflet extensibility) and highest in the 6 month old mitral anterior leaflet center. Interestingly, the differences in magnitudes of crimp amplitude mimicked the crimp period data, suggesting a scaling phenomenon in collagen fiber crimping.
- Published
- 2013
209. Extracellular Matrix Organization, Structure, and Function
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K. Jane Grande-Allen, Liezl R. Balaoing, Alicia A. Blancas, C. Alexander Arevalos, Xing Zhang, Dena C. Wiltz, and Matthew C. Sapp
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,High pressure ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Cardiopulmonary Physiology ,Blood flow ,business ,Systemic circulation ,Extracellular matrix organization ,Structure and function - Abstract
Heart valves are thin, complex, layered connective tissues that direct blood flow in one di‐ rection through the heart. There are four valves in the heart, located at the entrance to and exit from the ventricular chambers. The normal function of the heart valves is essential to cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary physiology. The opening and closing of valve leaflets at precise times during the cardiac cycles contributes to the generation of sufficiently high pressure to eject blood from the ventricles, and also prevents blood from flowing backwards into the heart instead of forward towards the systemic circulation and the lungs.
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- 2013
210. Effects of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status on health information-seeking, confidence, and trust
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Jane A. Allen, Donna Vallone, Haijun Xiao, and Amanda Richardson
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Information Seeking Behavior ,Ethnic group ,Black People ,Race and health ,Trust ,Young Adult ,Environmental health ,Health care ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Healthcare Disparities ,Socioeconomics ,Socioeconomic status ,Poverty ,Aged ,Consumer Health Information ,business.industry ,Information seeking ,Data Collection ,Racial Groups ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Hispanic or Latino ,Middle Aged ,Health equity ,United States ,Health Information National Trends Survey ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Income ,Educational Status ,Health education ,Female ,business ,Psychology - Abstract
Introduction . It is critical continually to monitor the influence of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status in health information-seeking, confidence, and trust to ensure that health messages reach those most in need. Methods . Using data from the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), multivariable logistic regression assessed the effects of race/ethnicity, education, and income on health information-seeking, confidence in obtaining health information, and trust of information sources. Results . Respondents of lower education were less likely to seek health information, and along with those of lower incomes had decreased confidence in their ability to obtain health information. Blacks, Hispanics, and those of lower income endorsed a lower level of trust in doctors and other health care professionals than non-Hispanic Whites and those of higher income, respectively. Conclusions . Improving the development and delivery of health information intended for minority and vulnerable populations may help reduce existing disparities in health information-seeking and care.
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- 2013
211. A three-dimensional co-culture model of the aortic valve using magnetic levitation
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Liezl R. Balaoing, Hubert Tseng, Thomas Killian, Bagrat Grigoryan, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Robert M. Raphael, and Glauco R. Souza
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Aortic valve ,CD31 ,Sus scrofa ,Biomedical Engineering ,Lysyl oxidase ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Models, Biological ,Biomaterials ,Extracellular matrix ,Laminin ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Heart valve ,Molecular Biology ,Magnetic Phenomena ,Transdifferentiation ,Endothelial Cells ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Immunohistochemistry ,Coculture Techniques ,Cell biology ,Extracellular Matrix ,Fibronectin ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Phenotype ,Aortic Valve ,cardiovascular system ,biology.protein ,Biomarkers ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The aortic valve consists of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and endothelial cells (VECs). While these cells are understood to work synergistically to maintain leaflet structure and valvular function, few co-culture models of these cell types exist. In this study, aortic valve co-cultures (AVCCs) were assembled using magnetic levitation and cultured for 3 days. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were used to assess the maintenance of cellular phenotype and function, and the formation of extracellular matrix. AVCCs stained positive for CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), demonstrating that the phenotype was maintained. Functional markers endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), von Willebrand factor (VWF) and prolyl-4-hydroxylase were present. Extracellular matrix components collagen type I, laminin and fibronectin also stained positive, with reduced gene expression of these proteins in three dimensions compared to two dimensions. Genes for collagen type I, lysyl oxidase and αSMA were expressed less in AVCCs than in 2-D cultures, indicating that VICs are quiescent. Co-localization of CD31 and αSMA in the AVCCs suggests that endothelial–mesenchymal transdifferentiation might be occurring. Differences in VWF and eNOS in VECs cultured in two and three dimensions also suggests that the AVCCs possibly have anti-thrombotic potential. Overall, a co-culture model of the aortic valve was designed, and serves as a basis for future experiments to understand heart valve biology.
- Published
- 2013
212. Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Volume 5
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Pablo D. Zavattieri, Francois Barthelat, Elizabeth Lipke, George Lykofatitits, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Chad S. Korach, and Barton C. Prorok
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Materials science ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Mechanics - Published
- 2013
213. Gentamicin Reduces Calcific Nodule Formation by Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells In Vitro
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K. Jane Grande-Allen, Aditya Kumar, and Dena C. Wiltz
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Aortic valve ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,medicine.disease ,Article ,Nephrotoxicity ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ototoxicity ,Apoptosis ,medicine ,Alkaline phosphatase ,Mitochondrial calcium uptake ,Gentamicin ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Calcification ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Gentamicin is a widely employed antibiotic, but may reduce calcium uptake by eukaryotic cells. This study was conducted to determine whether gentamicin reduces calcification by porcine aortic valvular interstitial cells (pAVICs) grown in 2D culture, which is a common model for calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). The presence of gentamicin (up to 0.2 mM) in the medium of pAVICs cultured for 8 days significantly lowered calcification and alkaline phosphatase content in a dose-dependent manner compared to pAVICs cultured without gentamicin. Gentamicin also significantly increased cell proliferation and apoptosis at concentrations of 0.1–0.2 mM compared to controls. Next, gentamicin was applied to previously calcified pAVIC cultures (grown for 8 days) to determine whether it could stop or reverse the calcification process. Daily application of gentamicin for 8 additional days significantly reduced calcification to below the pre-calcification levels. These results confirm that gentamicin should be used cautiously with in vitro studies of calcification, and suggest that gentamicin may have the ability to reverse calcification by pAVICs. Given the nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of this antibiotic, its clinical potential for the treatment of calcification in heart valves is limited. However, further investigation of the pathways through which gentamicin alters calcium uptake by valvular cells may provide insight into novel therapies for CAVD.
- Published
- 2012
214. Fabrication and Mechanical Evaluation of Anatomically-Inspired Quasilaminate Hydrogel Structures with Layer-Specific Formulations
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Michael P. Cuchiara, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Hubert Tseng, Chris J. Lin, Christopher A. Durst, Maude L. Cuchiara, and Jennifer L. West
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Scaffold ,Fabrication ,Materials science ,Tissue Scaffolds ,Flexural modulus ,Swine ,Biomedical Engineering ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Hydrogels ,Article ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Tissue engineering ,Flexural strength ,Aortic Valve ,Self-healing hydrogels ,medicine ,Animals ,Composite material ,Swelling ,medicine.symptom ,Tensile testing - Abstract
A major tissue engineering challenge is the creation of multilaminate scaffolds with layer-specific mechanical properties representative of native tissues, such as heart valve leaflets, blood vessels, and cartilage. For this purpose, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels are attractive materials due to their tunable mechanical and biological properties. This study explored the fabrication of trilayer hydrogel quasilaminates. A novel sandwich method was devised to create quasilaminates with layers of varying stiffnesses. The trilayer structure was comprised of two “stiff” outer layers and one “soft” inner layer. Tensile testing of bilayer quasilaminates demonstrated that these scaffolds do not fail at the interface. Flexural testing showed that the bending modulus of acellular quasilaminates fell between the bending moduli of the “stiff” and “soft” hydrogel layers. The bending modulus and swelling of trilayer scaffolds with the same formulations were not significantly different than single layer gels of the same formulation. The encapsulation of cells and the addition of phenol red within the hydrogel layers decreased bending modulus of the trilayer scaffolds. The data presented demonstrates that this fabrication method can make quasilaminates with robust interfaces, integrating layers of different mechanical properties and biofunctionalization, and thus forming the foundation for a multilaminate scaffold that more accurately represents native tissue.
- Published
- 2012
215. Field training for rural public health nurses
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Jane C. Allen
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business.industry ,Nursing research ,Rural health ,Schools, Nursing ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,New York ,Public health nursing ,Pilot Projects ,Problem-Based Learning ,Rural Health ,School nursing ,Nursing care ,Nursing ,Occupational health nursing ,Public Health Nursing ,Medicine ,Humans ,New York City ,Nurse education ,Rural Health Services ,Rural Nursing ,business ,General Nursing - Abstract
With the expansion of public health nursing beyond cities into rural areas, leaders in nursing education early on recognized the need for additional training to prepare nurses for the rural experience. To this end, nursing faculty at Teachers College, Columbia University developed a pilot program designed to prepare nurses for work in rural areas. These leaders recognized the unique conditions confronting the rural public health nurse in her daily work, including distances to be covered, isolation, and the dearth of facilities for health work. The pilot program discussed in this reprint, published in The Public Health Nurse in 1925, describes the genesis of this project, and the collaborative relationship that was developed with Dutchess County, a rural county about 2 hours north of New York City, to provide practical experiences for students. The project included a series of lectures on rural health issues and rural nursing, as well as field work that included school nursing, and nursing care of special populations such as tuberculosis and maternal and child health, as well as experiences in population-based nursing akin to what we think of as community development today.
- Published
- 2012
216. Biology of Mitral Valve Disease
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K. Jane Grande-Allen and Elena Aikawa
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Marfan syndrome ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mitral regurgitation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Future studies ,Mitral valve ,medicine ,Treatment options ,Disease process ,Percutaneous techniques ,Disease ,Intensive care medicine ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Understanding the biology of the mitral valve is becoming increasing important as surgical valve repair, percutaneous techniques and potential medical therapies are becoming important in this disease process. The mitral valve’s structure, anatomy and function are quite complex making it a difficult valve lesion to treat with interventions and medical therapies. The pathology has many classifications in terms of degrees of valve severity and classification of disease pathology. As the science in the field of mitral valve biology increases so will our understanding towards treatment options for these patients. This chapter will discuss the scientific studies to date and approaches for future studies.
- Published
- 2012
217. Smad2-dependent glycosaminoglycan elongation in aortic valve interstitial cells enhances binding of LDL to proteoglycans
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K. Jane Grande-Allen, Silvana Marasco, Mandy L. Ballinger, Kevin D. O'Brien, Robel Getachew, Narin Osman, and Peter J. Little
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Aortic valve ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Swine ,Heart Valve Diseases ,Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I ,SMAD ,Dioxoles ,Smad2 Protein ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Interstitial cell ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Glycosaminoglycan ,Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Smad3 Protein ,Phosphorylation ,Receptor ,Cells, Cultured ,Glycosaminoglycans ,General Medicine ,Cell biology ,Lipoproteins, LDL ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Low-density lipoprotein ,Aortic Valve ,Benzamides ,Proteoglycans ,Signal transduction ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ,Transforming growth factor ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Objective Calcific aortic valve disease is a progressive condition that shares some common pathogenic features with atherosclerosis. Transforming growth factor-β1 is a recognized mediator of atherosclerosis and is expressed in aortic valve lesions. Transforming growth factorβ1 stimulates glycosaminoglycan elongation of proteoglycans that is associated with increased lipid binding. We investigated the presence of transforming growth factor-β1 and downstream signaling intermediates in diseased human aortic valves and the effects of activated transforming growth factor-β1 receptor signaling on aortic valve interstitial cell proteoglycan synthesis and lipid binding as a possible mechanism for the initiation of the early lesion of calcific aortic valve disease. Methods and results Diseased human aortic valve leaflets demonstrated strong immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2/3. In primary porcine aortic valve interstitial cells, Western blots showed that transforming growth factor-β1 stimulated phosphorylation in both the carboxy and linker regions of Smad2/3, which was inhibited by the transforming growth factor-β1 receptor inhibitor SB431542. Gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography demonstrated that SB431542 decreased transforming growth factor-β1-mediated [ 35 S]-sulfate incorporation into proteoglycans in a dose-dependent manner. Further, in proteoglycans derived from transforming growth factor-β1-treated valve interstitial cells, gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that inhibition of transforming growth factor-β1 receptor signaling resulted in decreased lipid binding. Conclusions Classic transforming growth factor-β1 signaling is present in human aortic valves in vivo and contributes to the modification of proteoglycans expressed by valve interstitial cells in vitro. These findings suggest that transforming growth factor-β1 may promote increased low-density lipoprotein binding in the early phases of calcific aortic valve disease.
- Published
- 2012
218. Nutritional rehabilitation increases the resting energy expenditure of malnourished children with severe cerebral palsy
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Fiona E, Arrowsmith, Jane R, Allen, Kevin J, Gaskin, Helen, Somerville, Jocelyn, Birdsall, Federica, Barzi, and Edward V, O'Loughlin
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Male ,Adolescent ,Anthropometry ,Cerebral Palsy ,Rest ,Malnutrition ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Enteral Nutrition ,Child, Preschool ,Linear Models ,Humans ,Female ,Child ,Energy Intake - Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure resting energy expenditure (REE) and energy intake in children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP), to relate these to anthropometric measurements, and to determine the influence of nutritional rehabilitation on REE.Fifty-six children (20 females, 36 males; age range 3y 11mo-18y; mean age 10y; SD 3y 11mo) with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System level V) participated in this cross-sectional study. Children were excluded if they had a known metabolic disorder, genetic syndrome, or chromosomal abnormality. Thirty-three of the children were tube fed and 23 were fed orally. A comparison group comprised 111 (42 females, 69 males) healthy children who had undergone anthropometric and REE measurements and were of similar age to the children with CP (4-19y). REE was measured by indirect calorimetry and energy intake was determined from weighed food records.The REE in the children with CP was low (79.5%) compared with that predicted and highly variable (SD 38.4%). Fat-free mass was the strongest predictor of REE, accounting for 27% of the variation. Energy intake as a percentage of REE in was greatly overestimated in oral-fed children with CP (293%). In a subset of children with CP (n=14), an increased energy intake by gastrostomy tube feeding resulted in an increase in REE from 70.0% to 101.9% of that predicted.The REE of children with CP is low and variable and is not strongly related to any one anthropometric measurement. Food records in oral-fed children with CP are of little value owing to their inaccuracy. This study provided support for the hypothesis that the low REE found in malnourished children with CP is partly due to a low energy intake.
- Published
- 2012
219. Lysophosphatidylcholine Alters Valvular Interstitial Cell Mineralization
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K. Jane Grande-Allen, Joel D. Morrisett, and Dena C. Wiltz
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Aortic valve ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vascular smooth muscle ,Materials science ,medicine.disease ,Interstitial cell ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lysophosphatidylcholine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Mitral valve ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Alkaline phosphatase ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Von Kossa stain ,Calcification - Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a condition of the heart characterized by thickening and calcification of the aortic valve and can lead to aortic stenosis, narrowing of the aortic valve that can obstruct left ventricular outflow. CAVD is thought to have similarities with atherosclerosis, in which the aortic wall demonstrates thickening due to plaque buildup. A notable similarity seen between CAVD and atherosclerosis is the accumulation of lipids in the tissues. One important chemical component involved in atherosclerosis is lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a phospholipid derived from phosphatidylcholine. LPC concentrations have been shown to increase in atherosclerotic conditions, and induce expression of osteogenic factors by vascular smooth muscle cells. The potential for LPC to affect valve cell calcification, however, has not been previously investigated. In addition, calcification of cells from different valves warrants investigation because the aortic valve becomes more bone-like and experiences onset of calcification sooner than the mitral valve during the calcification process. This study investigated the effect of LPC on the propensity for calcification by porcine valve interstitial cells (VICs) from aortic and mitral valves. On day 0 VICs were seeded at a density of 50 000 cells/cm2 in low serum media. On day 1, the media is changed to media containing LPC in concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 µM. The cells are cultured for 8 days and then assessed for mineralization using histological stains (Alizarin Red S for calcium deposition and Von Kossa for phosphate deposition) and biochemical assays (Alkaline phosphatase activity). Significance (p
- Published
- 2012
220. Biomechanical Stimuli Effects on Valve Endothelial Cell Anti-thrombotic Mechanisms
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K. Jane Grande-Allen, Adam Yuh Lin, Joel L. Moake, Leticia Nolasco, Liezl R. Balaoing, Nancy A. Turner, and Allison Post
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,biology ,Peptide ,Perlecan ,Fibronectin ,Extracellular matrix ,Endothelial stem cell ,Von Willebrand factor ,chemistry ,Laminin ,Self-healing hydrogels ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Because of the degeneration and thrombosis in artificial heart valve implants, it is important to understand the anti-thrombotic mechanisms of cardiac valve endothelial cells (VECs). These anti-thrombotic mechanisms can be integrated into poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) tissue-engineered heart valve (TEHV) design. This work will study the effects of (1) PEGDA hydrogel stiffness and (2) specific extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesive peptides on VEC phenotype and anti-thrombotic mechanisms. PEGDA 10% (w/v) hydrogels of MWs 3.4 and 20kDa were polymerized to apply different substrate rigidities in VEC culture. Thiol-ene reactions were used to covalently bind laminin- and fibronectin- derived peptides to the acrylate groups on PEGDA hydrogel surfaces. Laminin-derived peptide motif RKRLQVQLSIRT (RKR) and fibronectin adhesive peptide RGD were modified to include an additional cysteine at the end of each sequence, introducing a free thiol to undergo the thiol-ene reaction. Thiol-PEG-fluorescein (SH-PEG-FITC) served as a negative adhesive substrate control. Porcine aortic VECs were seeded onto each of the ECM-hydrogel combinations and cultured for 2, 6, and 10 days. Cell phenotype, adhesion, and proliferation were then assessed. Analysis of specific VEC anti-thrombotic protein regulation is in progress. At each time point, samples will be analyzed for maintenance of VEC phenotype and expression of thrombotic (von Willebrand Factor [VWF]) and anti-thrombotic (VWF cleaving enzyme [ADAMTS-13], eNOS, PGI2, tPA) proteins using histochemistry and qRT-PCR. Addition of histamine has been shown to stimulate rapid release of thrombogenic ultra-large VWF (ULVWF) strings by vascular endothelial cells. This method will be used to study VEC ULVWF string production and the associated cleavage activity of ADAMTS-13. Control of the hemostatic process will be quantified via western blot and ELISAs. The 3.4 and 20kDa MW PEGDA hydrogels had compressive moduli of 131±5 and 7.5±2kPa, respectively. Binding different concentrations of SH-PEG-FITC onto the gel surfaces showed that acrylate saturation was achieved for both MW compositions using ~5mM of peptide solution. After 2 days, the VECs on the stiffer 3.4kDa RKR gels appeared spread and elongated, whereas the 3.4kDa RGD seeded VECs had cobblestone morphology. VEC adhesion on the RKR and RGD 20kDa gels was observed, but with limited spreading. The cultured VECs may prefer the stiffer 3.4kDa gels over the softer 20kDa gels. After 10 days, VECs on the 3.4kDa RGD gels had minimal proliferation, while VECs on RKR grew confluent, were cobblestone shaped, and expressed VWF. Results suggest that both substrate rigidity and adhesive substrate greatly influence VEC survival, and likely affects anti-thrombotic regulation. Future studies include the use of basal lamina components collagen IV and perlecan peptides to evaluate changes in VEC behavior.
- Published
- 2012
221. Seven-Year Patterns in US Cigar Use Epidemiology Among Young Adults Aged 18–25 Years: A Focus on Race/Ethnicity and Brand
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Natasha A. Sokol, M. Justin Byron, Amber Thornton-Bullock, Jennifer Cullen, Cristine D. Delnevo, Paul Mowery, and Jane A. Allen
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cigar Smoking ,Research and Practice ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Ethnic group ,Young Adult ,Blunt ,Sex Factors ,Epidemiology ,Ethnicity ,Medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,business.industry ,Racial Groups ,Smoking ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cigarillo ,Age Factors ,Secondary data ,Health Surveys ,United States ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,Income ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Objectives. We examined patterns in cigar use among young adults, aged 18–25 years, focusing on race/ethnicity and brand. Methods. We conducted a secondary data analysis of cross-sectional waves of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002–2008, using multivariate logistic regression to assess time trends in past 30 days cigar use, past 30 days use of a “top 5” cigar brand, cigar use intensity, and age at first cigar use. Results. Cigar use has increased among White non-Hispanic men aged 18 to 25 years, from 12.0% in 2002 to 12.7% in 2008. Common predictors of all outcomes included male gender and past 30 days use of cigarettes, marijuana, and blunts. Additional predictors of past 30 days cigar and “top 5” brand use included younger age, non-Hispanic Black or White race, lower income, and highest level of risk behavior. College enrollment predicted intensity of use and “top 5” brand use. Conclusions. Recent legislative initiatives have changed how cigars are marketed and may affect consumption. National surveys should include measures of cigar brand and little cigar and cigarillo use to improve cigar use estimates.
- Published
- 2011
222. Insight into Pathologic Abnormalities in Congenital Semilunar Valve Disease Based on Advances in Understanding Normal Valve Microstructure and Extracellular Matrix
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Debra L. Kearney, Elizabeth H. Stephens, and K. Jane Grande-Allen
- Subjects
Heart Defects, Congenital ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Future studies ,Heart Valve Diseases ,Context (language use) ,Disease ,Biology ,Article ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Extracellular matrix ,Semilunar valve ,Bicuspid aortic valve ,medicine ,Humans ,Heart valve ,Child ,Glycosaminoglycans ,General Medicine ,Aortic Valve Stenosis ,medicine.disease ,Extracellular Matrix ,Stenosis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Aortic Valve ,Child, Preschool ,Proteoglycans ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Congenitally diseased valves are relatively frequent causes of significant morbidity and mortality. Pathology descriptions of such valves have primarily focused on gross structural features including the number of leaflets or commissures (bicuspid/bicommissural valve) and alterations in the contour, thickness and consistency of the leaflets (dysplastic valve). Functional correlates of these pathologic alterations are valvar stenosis, insufficiency or both. Further characterization of the microstructural abnormalities seen in these malformed valves may not only provide insight into the correlation of distinct pathologies with their respective pathogenesis and clinical sequelae, but also may prove pivotal in uncovering new avenues for therapeutic interventions and prevention regimens. This review summarizes microstructural findings in congenital semilunar valve disease (CSVD) and discusses their relevance in light of recent advances in knowledge of normal valve microstructure, biology, and function. Specifically, the biological and mechanical roles of various matrix components and their interactions are discussed in the context of CSVD. Indeed, recent research in normal valves adds significant insight into CSVD, and raises many hypotheses that will need to be addressed by future studies.
- Published
- 2011
223. Depictions of Tobacco Use in 2007 Broadcast Television Programming Popular Among US Youth
- Author
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Natasha A. Sokol, Jane A. Allen, Jennifer Cullen, Deepika Slawek, Donna Vallone, and Cheryl Healton
- Subjects
Male ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Data collection ,Tobacco use ,Adolescent ,business.industry ,Advertising ,Sample (statistics) ,United States ,Audience measurement ,Broadcast television systems ,Content analysis ,Tobacco ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Television programming ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,Television ,Child ,business ,Mass media - Abstract
To determine the quantity of tobacco use in network television programming popular among US youth and to examine variation in tobacco depictions by TV Parental Guidelines system rating and television network.A content analysis was conducted of broadcast network television programming popular among youth. Nielsen viewership rating data were used to identify a sample of top-rated television series for youth aged 12 to 17 years during the fall 2007 television season. Depictions of tobacco use per television episode were examined by TV Parental Guidelines rating and television network. χ(2) testing was used to examine differences in proportions of tobacco depictions across television episode ratings and networks.Data collection and analysis were conducted at the American Legacy Foundation (now known as Legacy).Broadcast television viewers in 2007.Tobacco use depictions on broadcast television were examined.Forty percent of television episodes examined had at least 1 depiction of tobacco use. Of these depictions, 89% were of cigarettes. Among episodes rated TV-PG (ie, parental guidance suggested) (N = 73), 50% showed 1 or more incidents of cigarette use, in contrast to 26% of TV-14 (ie, parents strongly cautioned) episodes. The percentage of episodes with any tobacco use depictions was highest on the FOX network (44%; n = 32), followed closely by The CW (CBS-Warner Brothers) (41%; n = 30).Substantial tobacco use was observed in television shows popular among youth. It is projected that almost 1 million youth were exposed to tobacco depictions through the programming examined. Tobacco use on television should be a cause for concern, particularly because of the high volume of television viewing among younger audiences.
- Published
- 2011
224. Evaluation of EX: A National Mass Media Smoking Cessation Campaign
- Author
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Jane A. Allen, Jennifer Duke, Donna Vallone, Jennifer Cullen, and Kristen L. McCausland
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Research and Practice ,Adolescent ,Longitudinal data ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Health Behavior ,Health Promotion ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Sex factors ,Advertising ,Medicine ,Humans ,Mass Media ,Young adult ,Mass media ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Age Factors ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Health behavior ,business ,Social psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Objectives. We used longitudinal data to examine the relationship between confirmed awareness of a national, branded, mass media smoking cessation campaign and cessation outcomes. Methods. We surveyed adult smokers (n = 4067) in 8 designated market areas (“media markets”) at baseline and again approximately 6 months later. We used multivariable models to examine campaign effects on cognitions about quitting, quit attempts, and 30-day abstinence. Results. Respondents who demonstrated confirmed awareness of the EX campaign were significantly more likely to increase their level of agreement on a cessation-related cognitions index from baseline to follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; P = .046). Individuals with confirmed campaign awareness had a 24% greater chance than did those who were not aware of the campaign of making a quit attempt between baseline and follow-up (OR = 1.24; P = .048). Conclusions. A national, branded, mass media smoking cessation campaign can change smokers' cognitions about quitting and increase quit attempts. We strongly recommend that federal and state governments provide funding for media campaigns to increase smoking cessation, particularly for campaigns that have been shown to impact quit attempts and abstinence.
- Published
- 2011
225. Elastic fibers in the aortic valve spongiosa: a fresh perspective on its structure and role in overall tissue function
- Author
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Hubert Tseng and Kathryn Jane Grande-Allen
- Subjects
Aortic valve ,Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,Middle layer ,Sus scrofa ,Biomedical Engineering ,Hinge ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Biomaterials ,medicine ,Animals ,Intermediate structure ,Elasticity (economics) ,Molecular Biology ,biology ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Elastic Tissue ,Immunohistochemistry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Aortic Valve ,biology.protein ,cardiovascular system ,Elastin ,Elastic fiber ,Biotechnology - Abstract
This study characterized the elastic fiber structure within the aortic valve spongiosa, the middle layer of the tri-laminate leaflet. The layer is rich in glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans, through which it resists compression and lubricates shear between the outer layers. Elastin in this layer forms a fine, interweaving structure, yet it is unclear how this particular structure, which uses elasticity to preload the leaflet, assists spongiosa function. In this study, immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize spongiosa elastin, as well as investigate regional differences in structure. Immunohistochemistry for elastin highlighted an intermediate structure that varied in thickness and density between regions. In particular, the spongiosa elastin was thicker in the hinge and coaptation region than in the belly. Scanning electron microscopy of NaOH-digested leaflets showed a rectilinear pattern of elastic fibers in the hinge and coaptation region, as opposed to a radially oriented stripe pattern in the belly. In conclusion, elastic fibers in the spongiosa connect the two outer layers and vary regionally in structure, while possible playing a role in responding to regionally specific loading patterns.
- Published
- 2011
226. The heterogeneous biomechanics and mechanobiology of the mitral valve: implications for tissue engineering
- Author
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Jun Liao and K. Jane Grande-Allen
- Subjects
Heart Defects, Congenital ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Heart Valve Diseases ,Article ,Mechanobiology ,Tissue engineering ,Internal medicine ,Mitral valve ,Elastic Modulus ,medicine ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Semilunar valves ,Glycosaminoglycans ,Mitral regurgitation ,Tissue Engineering ,business.industry ,Biomechanics ,Mitral Valve Insufficiency ,Muscle, Smooth ,Anatomy ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Extracellular Matrix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ventricle ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular system ,Mitral Valve ,Collagen ,Endothelium, Vascular ,Chordae tendineae ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
There are very compelling reasons to develop a tissue engineered mitral valve, but this endeavor has not received the same attention as tissue engineering strategies for the semilunar valves. Challenges in regenerating a mitral valve include recapitulating the complex heterogeneity in terms of anatomy (differently sized leaflets, numerous chordae), extracellular matrix composition, biomechanical behavior, valvular interstitial cell and endothelial cell phenotypes, and interior vasculature and innervation. It will also be essential to restore the functional relationships between the native mitral valve and left ventricle. A growing amount of information relevant to tissue engineering a mitral valve has been recently collected through investigations of cell mechanobiology and collagen organization. It is hoped that the development of tissue engineered mitral valves can build on knowledge derived from engineering semilunar valves, but the mitral valve will presents its own unique challenges as investigators move towards a first generation prototype.
- Published
- 2011
227. Functional characterization of fibronectin-separated valve interstitial cell subpopulations in three-dimensional culture
- Author
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Elizabeth H, Stephens, Joshua L, Carroll, Allison D, Post, Joyce J, Kuo, and K Jane, Grande-Allen
- Subjects
Time Factors ,Swine ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Cell Separation ,Article ,Fibronectins ,Phenotype ,Elastic Modulus ,Cell Adhesion ,Animals ,Mitral Valve ,Collagen ,Myofibroblasts ,Gels ,Cells, Cultured - Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valves (MVs) contain elevated proportions of myofibroblasts, a valve interstitial cell (VIC) subpopulation that may be important in disease pathogenesis. A novel technique was recently developed for the isolation of VIC myofibroblasts using time-dependent adhesion to fibronectin (FN). Cells that adhere rapidly to FN ('FAST') demonstrate myofibroblast cell phenotype markers, in contrast to cells that fail to adhere after a longer time ('SLOW'). The study aim was to characterize the functionality of these subpopulations using three-dimensional (3D) collagen constructs.The VICs were harvested from porcine mitral valve posterior leaflets. FAST and SLOW subpopulations, as well as unseparated VIC populations grown on FN and tissue culture plastic (TCP) (UNSEP FN, UNSEP TCP), were seeded within 3D collagen gels and cultured for three weeks. Collagen gel contraction was assessed throughout the culture duration; the mechanical properties of the resultant collagen constructs were assessed using uniaxial tensile testing.FAST cells demonstrated a greater contraction of collagen gels compared to SLOW cells, particularly after 10 days (p0.05). Interestingly, the collagen gel contraction by both FN-separated VIC subpopulations (FAST and SLOW) was greater than for gels seeded with UNSEP TCP VICs (p0.05). Further, the contraction of UNSEP FN gels was greater than UNSEP TCP throughout the culture duration (pOR = 0.002), suggesting that the subculture of VICs on FN potentiated these phenotypic changes. Finally, the collagen constructs seeded with FAST cells were stiffer than those seeded with SLOW, followed by UNSEP TCP (p0.001). The same pattern was found for failure stress (p = 0.006).Time-dependent adhesion to FN produced a VIC subpopulation (FAST), the function of which in 3D culture was consistent with that of myofibroblasts; FN exposure alone also caused VICs to function similarly to myofibroblasts. This novel isolation method may prove valuable in future studies of myofibroblasts in valve disease.
- Published
- 2011
228. Reducing Tobacco-Related Health Disparities: Using Mass Media Campaigns to Prevent Smoking and Increase Cessation in Underserved Populations
- Author
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Donna Vallone, Jane A. Allen, and Amanda Richardson
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Tobacco control ,Population ,Ethnic group ,Youth smoking ,Health equity ,Underserved Population ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Smoking cessation ,education ,business ,Socioeconomic status - Abstract
Mass media campaigns can be effectively used to reduce youth smoking prevalence and promote adult cessation within the general population, particularly when combined with other tobacco control efforts (CDC, 2007; National Cancer Institute, 2008). As a result, mass media campaigns are one of the CDC’s recommended “best practices” for tobacco control (CDC, 2007). However, there is less evidence about the effectiveness of mass media campaigns to prevent or reduce smoking among socioeconomically disadvantaged or racial and ethnic minority populations. In general, evaluations of youth prevention campaigns have not included analyses by socioeconomic status (SES). Analyses by race/ethnicity have been conducted inconsistently – even by evaluators of “model” youth campaigns – and some studies have used such crude measures of race and ethnicity that it is difficult to interpret the findings. A recent review of the studies evaluating adult smoking cessation campaigns finds that they are often less effective among low SES smokers as compared with high SES smokers (Fagan, 2008; Niederdeppe, Fiore, Baker, & Smith, 2008; Niederdeppe, Kuang, Crock, & Skelton, 2008). Even among those campaigns that are specifically designed to reach low SES audiences, there are mixed or inconclusive results (Niederdeppe, Kuang, et al., 2008). Like youth campaigns, adult smoking cessation campaigns are not routinely evaluated by race/ethnicity; those that have been yield mixed results in terms of campaign effectiveness (Bala, Strzeszynski, & Cahill, 2008).
- Published
- 2011
229. Organ culture as a tool to identify early mechanisms of serotonergic valve disease
- Author
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Janet E, Barzilla, Frances E, Acevedo, and K Jane, Grande-Allen
- Subjects
Serotonin ,Swine ,Heart Valve Diseases ,Norfenfluramine ,Disease Models, Animal ,Bioreactors ,Organ Culture Techniques ,Serotonin Agents ,Versicans ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 ,Animals ,Mitral Valve ,Decorin - Abstract
Although the late effects of serotonergic valve disease are known, the early mechanisms of the characteristic plaque formation are poorly understood.To model conditions leading to plaque formation on mitral valves, samples (n = 6-8 per treatment) cultured in a splashing bioreactor were exposed to serotonin (5HT) and norfenfluramine (NF). In order to assess the role of 5HT2B receptor activation, the effects of these drugs were also tested with a 5HT2B receptor antagonist. After two weeks, tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically to localize changes in multiple extracellular matrix (ECM) components and synthesis mediators.Decorin and versican expression tended to increase with 5HT treatment compared to NF or baseline controls, regardless of the presence of the receptor antagonist. Samples treated with 5HT or with the receptor antagonist tended to express less collagen (types I and III) and biglycan than NF or the baseline controls. Heat shock protein 47, prolyl-4-hydroxylase, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and MMP13 tended to be down-regulated with 5HT or NF exposure, although some samples treated with the antagonist displayed normal levels of these mediators. Superficial plaques grew on a subgroup of the NF-treated organ cultures, but on none of the 5HT and control valves.Although both serotonin agents lead to plaque formation in a clinical setting, the early effects of exposure to the different drugs were found to be quite different. Additionally, the different drug responses suggest that a mechanism other than 5HT2B receptor activation might contribute to plaque formation.
- Published
- 2010
230. BIOACTIVE POLYMER/EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX SCAFFOLDS FABRICATED WITH A FLOW PERFUSION BIOREACTOR FOR CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING
- Author
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Jiehong Liao, K. Jane Grande-Allen, F. Kurtis Kasper, Antonios G. Mikos, and Xuan Guo
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polyesters ,Biophysics ,Bioengineering ,Biocompatible Materials ,Article ,Biomaterials ,Glycosaminoglycan ,Extracellular matrix ,Bioreactors ,Chondrocytes ,Tissue engineering ,medicine ,Animals ,Aggrecan ,Cells, Cultured ,Glycosaminoglycans ,Decellularization ,Tissue Engineering ,Tissue Scaffolds ,Cartilage ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Chondrogenesis ,Extracellular Matrix ,Perfusion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Mechanics of Materials ,Ceramics and Composites ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Cattle ,Rheology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
In this study, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) microfiber scaffolds, coated with cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM), were fabricated by first culturing chondrocytes under dynamic conditions in a flow perfusion bioreactor and then decellularizing the cellular constructs. The decellularization procedure yielded acellular PCL/ECM composite scaffolds containing glycosaminoglycan and collagen. PCL/ECM composite scaffolds were evaluated for their ability to support the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro using serum-free medium with or without the addition of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). PCL/ECM composite scaffolds supported chondrogenic differentiation induced by TGF-β1 exposure, as evidenced in the up-regulation of aggrecan (11.6 ± 3.8 fold) and collagen type II (668.4 ± 317.7 fold) gene expression. The presence of cartilaginous matrix alone reduced collagen type I gene expression to levels observed with TGF-β1 treatment. Cartilaginous matrix further enhanced the effects of growth factor treatment on MSC chondrogenesis as evidenced in the higher glycosaminoglycan synthetic activity for cells cultured on PCL/ECM composite scaffolds. Therefore, flow perfusion culture of chondrocytes on electrospun microfiber scaffolds is a promising method to fabricate polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds that incorporate both natural and synthetic components to provide biological signals for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
- Published
- 2010
231. Design and Validation of a Novel Splashing Bioreactor System for Use in Mitral Valve Organ Culture
- Author
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Anna Sophia McKenney, Janet E. Barzilla, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Christopher A. Durst, and Ashley E. Cowan
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Swine ,Biomedical Engineering ,Stimulation ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Organ culture ,Article ,Extracellular Matrix ,Extracellular matrix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Bioreactors ,Organ Culture Techniques ,In vivo ,Mitral valve ,Bioreactor ,medicine ,Animals ,Heart valve ,Tricuspid Valve ,Biomedical engineering ,Cell Proliferation - Abstract
Previous research in our lab suggested that heart valve tissues cultured without mechanical stimulation do not retain their in vivo microstructure, i.e., cell density decreased within the deep tissue layers and increased at the periphery. In this study, a splashing rotating bioreactor was designed to apply mechanical stimulation to a mitral valve leaflet segment. Porcine valve segments (n=9–10 per group) were cultured in the bioreactor for two weeks (dynamic culture); negative controls were cultured without mechanical stimulation (static culture), and baseline controls were fresh uncultured samples. Overall changes in cellularity and ECM structure were assessed by H&E and Movat pentachrome stains. Tissues were also immunostained for multiple extracellular matrix (ECM) components and turnover mediators. After two weeks of culture, proliferating cells were distributed throughout the tissue in segments cultured in the bioreactor, in contrast to segments cultured without mechanical stimulation. Most ECM components, especially collagen types I and III, better maintained normal expression patterns and magnitudes (as found in baseline controls) over two weeks of dynamic organ culture compared to static culture. Lack of mechanical stimulation changed several aspects of the tissue microstructure, including the cell distribution and ECM locations. In conclusion, mechanical stimulation by the bioreactor maintained tissue integrity, which will enable future in vitro investigation of mitral valve remodeling.
- Published
- 2010
232. MITRAL VALVULAR INTERSTITIAL CELL RESPONSES TO SUBSTRATE STIFFNESS DEPEND ON AGE AND ANATOMIC REGION
- Author
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Christopher A. Durst, Jennifer L. West, K. Jane Grande-Allen, and Elizabeth H. Stephens
- Subjects
Aging ,Materials science ,animal structures ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Sus scrofa ,Biomedical Engineering ,Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase ,Matrix (biology) ,Biochemistry ,Interstitial cell ,Article ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Biomaterials ,Extracellular matrix ,Mitral valve ,medicine ,Animals ,Vimentin ,Heart valve ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Shape ,HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Actin ,Mechanical Phenomena ,Staining and Labeling ,Heparin ,Hydrogels ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Actins ,Molecular Weight ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Self-healing hydrogels ,Biophysics ,Mitral Valve ,Mechanosensitive channels ,Peptides ,Biomarkers ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The material properties of heart valves depend on the subject’s age, the state of the disease and the complex valvular microarchitecture. Furthermore, valvular interstitial cells (VICs) are mechanosensitive, and their synthesis of extracellular matrix not only determines the valve’s material properties but also provides an adhesive substrate for VICs. However, the interrelationship between substrate stiffness and VIC phenotype and synthetic properties is poorly understood. Given that the local mechanical environment (substrate stiffness) surrounding VICs differs among different age groups and different anatomic regions of the valve, it was hypothesized that there may be an age- and valve-region-specific response of VICs to substrate stiffness. Therefore, 6-week-, 6-month- and 6-year-old porcine VICs from the center of the mitral valve anterior leaflet (MVAC) and posterior leaflet (PML) were seeded onto poly(ethylene) glycol hydrogels of different stiffnesses and stained for markers of VIC activation (smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMaA)) and collagen synthesis (heat shock protein-47 (HSP47), prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H)). Six-week-old MVAC demonstrated decreased SMaA, P4H and HSP47 on stiffer gels, while 6-week-old PML only demonstrated decreased HSP47. Six-month-old MVAC demonstrated no difference between substrates, while 6-month-old PML demonstrated decreased SMaA, P4H and HSP47. Six-year-old MVAC demonstrated decreased P4H and HSP47, while 6-year-old PML demonstrated decreased P4H and increased HSP47. In conclusion, the age-specific and valve-region-specific responses of VICs to substrate stiffness link VIC phenotype to the leaflet regional matrix in which the VICs reside. These data provide further rationale for investigating the role of substrate stiffness in VIC remodeling within diseased and tissue engineered valves.
- Published
- 2010
233. The role of cell biology and leaflet remodeling in the progression of heart valve disease
- Author
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Shuai Xu and K. Jane Grande-Allen
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Cell type ,Heart Valve Diseases ,Hemodynamics ,Disease ,Prosthesis Design ,Extracellular matrix ,Molecular level ,Tissue engineering ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Heart valve ,Bioprosthesis ,Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ,Tissue Engineering ,business.industry ,Structural integrity ,Endothelial Cells ,General Medicine ,Heart Valves ,Extracellular Matrix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Heart Valve Prosthesis ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,Disease Progression ,business - Abstract
Heart valves are complex tri-layered structures that ensure the unidirectional flow of blood. Scientists are actively investigating how characteristics of the two major cell types, valvular endothelial cells (VECs) and valvular interstitial cells (VICs), and their mechanical relationships with the valvular extracellular matrix promote structural integrity and age-related remodeling. Abnormal changes in VECs, VICs, and the extracellular matrix at the molecular level lead to gross tissue malformations and dysfunction. This review addresses current advances in the field of valve biology, mechanisms underlying valvular leaflet remodeling, and common pathological manifestations. Improving our understanding of heart valve biology, the impact of cardiovascular drugs, and remodeling changes will be critical to the development of novel therapies for heart valve diseases.
- Published
- 2010
234. Fibronectin-Based Isolation of Valve Interstitial Cell Subpopulations: Relevance to Valve Disease*
- Author
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Elizabeth H. Stephens, Jennifer D. Cieluch, K. Jane Grande-Allen, and Thanh N. Huynh
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Cell ,Population ,Immunocytochemistry ,Sus scrofa ,Biomedical Engineering ,Heart Valve Diseases ,Cell Separation ,Interstitial cell ,Article ,Fluorescence ,Flow cytometry ,Biomaterials ,Tissue Culture Techniques ,medicine ,Cell Adhesion ,Animals ,Humans ,Cell adhesion ,education ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,Metals and Alloys ,Reproducibility of Results ,Flow Cytometry ,Immunohistochemistry ,Cell biology ,Fibronectins ,Fibronectin ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ceramics and Composites ,biology.protein ,Mitral Valve ,Myofibroblast ,Plastics - Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valves (MVs) contain elevated proportions of unique cell populations such as myofibroblasts. Without a reliable technique to isolate such cell populations, however, it has been difficult to study the role of these cells. The goal of this study was to use fibronectin (FN) to isolate distinct cell subpopulations from normal porcine MVs. Cells from porcine posterior MV leaflets were separated based on time-dependent adhesion to either tissue culture plastic (TCP) flasks or FN-coated flasks. The resultant “FAST” and “SLOW” adhering subpopulations from each technique were phenotyped using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry to detect expression of myofibroblast markers, enzymes for collagen synthesis, and MAP kinases. Compared with FN SLOW, FN FAST showed significantly higher expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, heat shock protein-47 (HSP47), smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMαA), nonmuscle myosin (Smem), extracellular-related signaling kinase (ERK) 1, ERK2, and phosphorylated-ERK. In contrast, TCP FAST showed higher expression of only HSP47, SMαA, and Smem compared with TCP SLOW. In conclusion, differential adhesion to FN successfully separated a myofibroblast-like subpopulation from the posterior leaflet of the MV. This subpopulation may be useful in studying myxomatous MV disease, although additional studies remain to verify that this myofibroblast-like population resembles that observed in myxomatous MV disease. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
- Published
- 2010
235. Can Autism be Detected at 18 Months?
- Author
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Jane E. Allen, Christopher Gillberg, and Simon Baron-Cohen
- Subjects
Male ,Risk ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychometrics ,Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ,Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ,050105 experimental psychology ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Social play ,Autistic Disorder ,Genetic risk ,05 social sciences ,Age Factors ,Infant ,Reproducibility of Results ,medicine.disease ,Play and Playthings ,Developmental disorder ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Social interest ,Autism ,Female ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Autism is currently detected only at about three years of age. This study aimed to establish if detection of autism was possible at 18 months of age. We screened 41 18–month-old toddlers who were at high genetic risk for developing autism, and 50 randomly selected 18–month-olds, using a new instrument, the CHAT, administered by GPs or health visitors. More than 80% of the randomly selected 18–month-old toddlers passed on all items, and none failed on more than one of pretend play, protodeclarative pointing, joint-attention, social interest, and social play. Four children in the high-risk group failed on two or more of these five key types of behaviour. At follow-up at 30 months of age, the 87 children who had passed four or more of these key types of behaviour at 18 months of age had continued to develop normally. The four toddlers who had failed on two or more of these key types of behaviour at 18 months received a diagnosis of autism by 30 months.
- Published
- 1992
236. Transit system evaluation: Guideway bus vs. light rail transit
- Author
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John R. Stone, Jane D. Allen, Armin Moerz, and Brian Gardner
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,Mechanical Engineering ,Transit system ,Level crossing ,Track (rail transport) ,Computer Science Applications ,Transport engineering ,Travel time ,Light rail transit ,Public transport ,Automotive Engineering ,Cost analysis ,business ,Transit (satellite) - Abstract
This paper describes a set of specialized spreadsheets that model the cost and performance of transit system options including light rail transit, guideway bus, express bus, and ride sharing. These spreadsheets are demonstrated by comparing a guideway bus (GWB) transit system and a light rail transit (LRT) system proposed for construction in an active rail corridor. The comparisons for assumed levels of transit ridership include guideway geometry, travel time, headways, vehicle requirements, grade crossing protection, and capital and operating costs. The planned GWB system runs on an exclusive dual guideway in the rail right-of-way, and the alternative LRT system operates on the existing rails with new bridges and track as needed for a dual guideway system. The analysis compares the two options for mode splits between 0.5% and 50%. Results show that while both options have approximately the same travel time, the GWB system costs approximately 30% less than the LRT system. The cost difference results primarily from lower GWB vehicle purchase and operating costs. The spreadsheets are available through the McTrans Center at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
- Published
- 1992
237. Significant changes in mitral valve leaflet matrix composition and turnover with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy
- Author
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George T. Daughters, Aaron M. Patton, D. Craig Miller, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Elizabeth H. Stephens, Joyce J. Kuo, Tomasz A. Timek, L. Scott Baggett, and Neil B. Ingels
- Subjects
Tachycardia ,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiomyopathy ,Article ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy ,Physiology (medical) ,Mitral valve ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,cardiovascular diseases ,Ventricular remodeling ,Glycosaminoglycans ,Mitral regurgitation ,Sheep ,Ventricular Remodeling ,business.industry ,Mitral Valve Insufficiency ,Dilated cardiomyopathy ,Anatomy ,Fibroblasts ,medicine.disease ,Elastic Tissue ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,Mitral Valve ,Proteoglycans ,Collagen ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background— Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) involves significant remodeling of the left ventricular–mitral valve (MV) complex, but little is known regarding the remodeling of the mitral leaflets. The aim of this study was to assess changes in matrix composition and turnover in MV leaflets with DCM. Methods and Results— Radiopaque markers were implanted in 24 sheep to delineate the MV; 10 sheep underwent tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC), whereas 14 sheep remained as controls. Biplane videofluoroscopy was performed before and after TIC. Immunohistochemistry was performed on leaflet cross-sections taken from the septal, lateral, anterior, and posterior commissures attachment segments. Staining intensity was quantified within each attachment segment and leaflet region (basal, mid-leaflet, and free edge). Mitral regurgitation increased from 0.2±0.4 before TIC to 2.2±0.9 after TIC ( P P P Conclusions— This study shows that the MV leaflets are significantly remodeled in DCM with changes in leaflet composition, structure, and valve cell phenotype. Understanding how alterations in leaflet mechanics, such as those induced by DCM, drive cell-mediated remodeling of the extracellular matrix will be important in developing future treatment strategies.
- Published
- 2009
238. Design and physical characterization of a synchronous multivalve aortic valve culture system
- Author
-
K. Jane Grande-Allen and Christopher A. Durst
- Subjects
Aortic valve ,Organ Culture Technique ,Engineering ,Sterility testing ,Biomedical Engineering ,Base (geometry) ,Mechanical engineering ,Prosthesis Design ,Article ,Bioreactors ,Organ Culture Techniques ,medicine ,Prosthesis design ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Bioartificial Organ ,Prosthetic valve ,Bioartificial Organs ,business.industry ,Models, Cardiovascular ,Finite element method ,Equipment Failure Analysis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Aortic Valve ,Heart Valve Prosthesis ,Computer-Aided Design ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
For many tissues, cyclic mechanical stimulation is considered necessary to maintain the normal morphology in vitro. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a simple bioreactor system capable of medium-term (more than 2 weeks) culture of native and engineered aortic valves. The system consists of three pistons in separate cylindrical chambers that are simultaneously driven through the culture medium by a crank and cam assembly. The faces of these pistons have unidirectional valves mounted in opposing orientations that permit flow from one side of the face to the other. A custom designed stent was employed to secure either native or engineered tri-leaflet valves to the pistons. Computational fluid dynamics and finite element modeling was used to assist selection of materials and components in the system. Finally, sterility testing using base culture medium was performed to verify the ability of the system to retain sterile conditions. The current design permits the cyclic opening and closing of three aortic valves, however this device can be modified to accommodate up to 12 valves simultaneously. This new bioreactor system has applications not only for development of tissue-engineered valves, but for also studying disease models in the aortic valve.
- Published
- 2009
239. A role for decorin in controlling proliferation, adhesion, and migration of murine embryonic fibroblasts
- Author
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Zannatul Ferdous, Hubert Tseng, Renato V. Iozzo, Kathryn Jane Grande-Allen, D. K. Anderson, and S. B. Peterson
- Subjects
Materials science ,Decorin ,Integrin ,Biomedical Engineering ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Article ,Collagen receptor ,Biomaterials ,Extracellular matrix ,Mice ,Cell Movement ,Cell Adhesion ,Animals ,Cell adhesion ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell Proliferation ,Mice, Knockout ,Extracellular Matrix Proteins ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Cell adhesion molecule ,Metals and Alloys ,Fibroblasts ,Embryo, Mammalian ,Cell biology ,Fibronectins ,Fibronectin ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,Ceramics and Composites ,biology.protein ,Neural cell adhesion molecule ,Proteoglycans ,Collagen ,Integrin alpha5beta1 - Abstract
The proteoglycan decorin putatively inhibits cell adhesion and cell migration on various extracellular matrix substrates through interactions with β1 integrins. This study, therefore, examined the adhesive, migration, and proliferative characteristics of decorin knockout (Dcn−/−) murine embryonic fibroblasts compared to wild-type controls on collagen-coated, fibronectin-coated, and uncoated tissue culture plates. The Dcn−/− cells showed significantly greater proliferation than wild-type controls on all substrates. The Dcn−/− cells also showed significantly greater adhesion to both collagen and fibronectin; both cell types showed greater adhesion to collagen. The addition of exogenous decorin had a differential effect on adhesion to collagen between cell types, but not on fibronectin. For collagen, blocking either α2 or β1 integrin subunits significantly reduced adhesion for Dcn−/− cells; whereas for fibronectin, blocking either the α5 or β1 integrin subunits reduced adhesion for both cell types. Decorin and the α5β1 integrin may have lesser roles in adhesion to fibronectin than previously presumed. Finally, compared to wild-type cells, Dcn−/− cells showed greater migration on both uncoated and collagen substrates. This study demonstrates that decorin affects the biology of various integrins that participate in cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration on various substrates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
- Published
- 2009
240. The impact of EX: Results from a pilot smoking-cessation media campaign
- Author
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Donna M, Vallone, Jennifer C, Duke, Paul D, Mowery, Kristen L, McCausland, Haijun, Xiao, Jeffrey C, Costantino, Eric T, Asche, Jennifer, Cullen, and Jane A, Allen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Michigan ,Adolescent ,Pilot Projects ,Middle Aged ,Interviews as Topic ,Young Adult ,Humans ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Longitudinal Studies ,Mass Media ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
Mass media campaigns can be an effective strategy to increase quitting activity among smokers, particularly when aired in the context of other anti-tobacco efforts.A longitudinal study using data collected from smokers identified in a random-digit-dial survey of adults in Grand Rapids MI, prior to the campaign and approximately 6 months after the launch of the campaign.Adult smokers who were interviewed in the fall of 2006 and agreed to participate in a follow-up interview approximately 6 months later (n=212).A pilot mass media campaign, branded EX, which used empathy to encourage smokers to "relearn" life without cigarettes, and focused on disassociating smoking from common activities that would otherwise function as smoking cues, such as driving or drinking coffee. The campaign averaged 100 targeted rating points per week on television.Primary outcome measures were five campaign-related cognitions and confidence in quitting. Secondary outcome measures were quitting behaviors.This 2007 analysis suggests that the campaign generated a high level of awareness of EX, with 62% of the sample demonstrating confirmed awareness and 79% reporting aided awareness. Awareness of EX was associated with significant change in two of five campaign-related cognitions. Awareness was not associated with confidence in quitting or having made a quit attempt.These findings demonstrate that a branded, empathetic media campaign that offers smokers practical advice on how to approach quitting can change cognitions related to successful cessation over a relatively short time period.
- Published
- 2009
241. Reported exposure to pro-tobacco messages in the media: trends among youth in the United States, 2000-2004
- Author
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Jane A. Allen, Jennifer Duke, James D. Sargent, Haijun Xiao, Paul Mowery, and Linda L. Pederson
- Subjects
Male ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Motion Pictures ,Persuasive Communication ,Tobacco Industry ,Intention ,Demographic data ,Tobacco industry ,Article ,Newspaper ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Mass Media ,Mass media ,Marketing ,Internet ,Schools ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Newspapers as Topic ,Health Surveys ,United States ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Adolescent Behavior ,Smoking status ,The Internet ,Female ,Television ,Periodicals as Topic ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
Purpose. Document changes from 2000 to 2004 in youth reports of exposure to pro-tobacco messages in the mass media, including images of smoking and tobacco advertising. Design. Comparison of cross-sectional data from three waves of the school-based National Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted in 2000 (N = 33,772), 2002 (N = 23,439), and 2004 (N = 23,540). Setting. Public and private middle schools and high schools across the United States. Subjects. Students in grades 6 through 12. Measures. Smoking status; exposure to images of smoking on television and in movies; exposure to advertisements for tobacco products in stores, on the Internet, and in newspapers and magazines; demographic data. Results. Youth exposure to pro-tobacco messages declined within all media channels studied from 2000 to 2004, except the Internet. Despite these declines, most youth in the United States remain exposed to pro-tobacco messages: 81% saw images of smoking on television or in movies (down from 90%), 85% saw tobacco ads in stores (down from 88%), 50% saw tobacco ads in newspapers and magazines (down from 66%), and 33% saw tobacco ads on the Internet (up from 22%). Conclusion. Despite recent progress in this area, most youth in the United States are still at increased risk of smoking as a result of exposure to pro-tobacco messages in the mass media.
- Published
- 2009
242. Surveillance indicators for potential reduced exposure products (PREPs): developing survey items to measure awareness
- Author
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Ann McNeill, Mark Parascandola, Lois Biener, Stephen E. Marcus, Linda L. Pederson, Karen Bogen, Catherine A. Garrett, K. Michael Cummings, Anne M. Hartman, Richard J O'Connor, and Jane A. Allen
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Harm reduction ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Population health ,3. Good health ,Cognitive test ,Test (assessment) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Health psychology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Smokeless tobacco ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cognitive interview ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Background Over the past decade, tobacco companies have introduced cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products (known as Potential Reduced Exposure Products, PREPs) with purportedly lower levels of some toxins than conventional cigarettes and smokeless products. It is essential that public health agencies monitor awareness, interest, use, and perceptions of these products so that their impact on population health can be detected at the earliest stages. Methods This paper reviews and critiques existing strategies for measuring awareness of PREPs from 16 published and unpublished studies. From these measures, we developed new surveillance items and subjected them to two rounds of cognitive testing, a common and accepted method for evaluating questionnaire wording. Results Our review suggests that high levels of awareness of PREPs reported in some studies are likely to be inaccurate. Two likely sources of inaccuracy in awareness measures were identified: 1) the tendency of respondents to misclassify "no additive" and "natural" cigarettes as PREPs and 2) the tendency of respondents to mistakenly report awareness as a result of confusion between PREPs brands and similarly named familiar products, for example, Eclipse chewing gum and Accord automobiles. Conclusion After evaluating new measures with cognitive interviews, we conclude that as of winter 2006, awareness of reduced exposure products among U.S. smokers was likely to be between 1% and 8%, with the higher estimates for some products occurring in test markets. Recommended measurement strategies for future surveys are presented.
- Published
- 2009
243. Intranasal amphotericin B reduces the frequency of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic patients
- Author
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Jasmine Chua, Rosemary Ikram, G. Mark Jeffery, D. C. Heaton, M. I. Schousboe, Derek N.J. Hart, M. E. J. Beard, and Jane R. Allen
- Subjects
Aspergillus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Acute leukemia ,Hematology ,biology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Neutropenia ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Aspergillosis ,Gastroenterology ,Surgery ,Internal medicine ,Amphotericin B ,medicine ,Aplastic anemia ,business ,Mycosis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
purpose: To retrospectively study the prophylaxis of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic patients and to relate the frequency of this fungal disease to any causal or modifying factors that could be identified patients and methods: Between 1977 and 1988, 130 patients underwent 158 intensive treatment episodes to control acute leukemia, lymphoma, and aplastic anemia, and the frequency of complicating aspergillus infection was determined. results: Proven invasive aspergillus infections occurred in 22 cases, 12 of which were fatal. Invasive aspergillosis was suspected in a further 16 cases and all these patients recovered with amphotericin B treatment. Colonization by Aspergillus in the absence of clinically significant infection was seen in 31 treatment episodes. Invasive aspergillosis involved mainly the upper and lower respiratory tract and skin. Control of the infection was closely related to the control of the underlying disease, with subsequent return of normal marrow function and resolution of neutropenia. The incidence of aspergillus infection has decreased dramatically since 1985, most probably due to the introduction of intranasal amphotericin B. This occurred despite the persistence of aspergillus spores in the hematology ward air during the 1986 to 1988 period. conclusion: Intranasal aerosolized amphotericin B may protect against invasive aspergillosis, even when neutropenic patients are cared for in conventional wards without HEPA filtration.
- Published
- 1991
244. Early Cortical Tactile-Evoked Potentials, Laterality and Schizophrenia
- Author
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Alec Jenner, Jane E. Allen, and John C. Stevens
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Adult ,Male ,Psychosis ,Central nervous system ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Electroencephalography ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Dominance, Cerebral ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Significant difference ,Somatosensory Cortex ,Index finger ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,body regions ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Touch ,Somatosensory evoked potential ,Chronic Disease ,Laterality ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Schizophrenic Psychology ,Arousal ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
No significant difference in the lateralisation of tactile-evoked potentials was found when a tactile stimulus was applied to the index finger of 14 schizophrenic patients and 14 age- and sex-matched controls. The early tactile responses, recorded from contralateral and ipsilateral parietal scalp electrodes, were compared. Our results differ from previously reported results.
- Published
- 1991
245. Intranasal amphotericin B reduces the frequency of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic patients
- Author
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G.Mark Jeffery, Michael E.J. Beard, Rosemary B. Ikram, Jasmine Chua, Jane R. Allen, David C. Heaton, Derek N.J. Hart, and Mona I. Schousboe
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 1991
246. Is socioeconomic status associated with awareness of and receptivity to the truth campaign?
- Author
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Jane A. Allen, Haijun Xiao, and Donna Vallone
- Subjects
Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Higher education ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Smoking Prevention ,Health Promotion ,Toxicology ,Social class ,Truth Disclosure ,Developmental psychology ,Access to Information ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Young adult ,Child ,Socioeconomic status ,Mass media ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Awareness ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Social Class ,Household income ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Tracking (education) ,business ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Background The truth® campaign is credited with preventing approximately 450,000 youth from starting to smoke, from 2000 through 2004 [Farrelly, M.C., Nonnemaker, J., Davis, K.C., Hussin, A., 2009. The Influence of the National truth® Campaign on Smoking Initiation. Am. J. Prev. Med. February 9 [Epub ahead of print]]. However, no research has been conducted to determine whether lower socioeconomic status (SES) youth benefit equally from the campaign. This study examines whether socioeconomic status is associated with awareness of and receptivity to the truth® campaign among youth ages 12–17. Methods This study is based on seven waves of Legacy Media Tracking Survey (LMTS) data, collected from September 2000 through January 2004 (n = 30,512). LMTS is a nationally representative, cross-sectional telephone survey. Median household income and median household education at the zip code level were appended to the LMTS data. Results Females had lower levels of confirmed awareness of the truth® campaign as compared with males. Youth who lived in lower education zip codes were less likely to have confirmed campaign awareness as compared with those in higher education zip codes. Zip code level median household income was not associated with confirmed awareness. Receptivity to the campaign was not associated with zip code level median household income or education. Conclusions These findings suggest that the effectiveness of the truth® campaign could be enhanced by developing strategies to increase campaign awareness among females and youth from lower education zip codes. Increased campaign exposure within these populations could result in lower smoking rates and, ultimately, lower rates of tobacco-related disease.
- Published
- 2008
247. The Effects of Mitral Regurgitation Alone Are Sufficient for Leaflet Remodeling
- Author
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Neil B. Ingels, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Akinobu Itoh, D. Craig Miller, Tom C. Nguyen, and Elizabeth H. Stephens
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase ,Regurgitation (circulation) ,Article ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Mitral valve ,Animals ,Medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,Ventricular remodeling ,Extracellular Matrix Proteins ,Mitral regurgitation ,Sheep ,Leaflet (botany) ,Staining and Labeling ,biology ,business.industry ,Mitral Valve Insufficiency ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Matrix Metalloproteinases ,Elastin ,Extracellular Matrix ,Up-Regulation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Echocardiography ,Anterior mitral leaflet ,cardiovascular system ,biology.protein ,Cardiology ,Mitral Valve ,Proteoglycans ,Collagen ,Decorin ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Biomarkers ,Grading scale - Abstract
Background—— Although chronic mitral regurgitation results in adverse left ventricular remodeling, its effect on the mitral valve leaflets per se is unknown. In a chronic ovine model, we tested whether isolated mitral regurgitation alone was sufficient to remodel the anterior mitral leaflet. Methods and Results— Twenty-nine sheep were randomized to either control (CTRL, n=11) or experimental (HOLE, n=18) groups. In HOLE, a 2.8- to 4.8-mm diameter hole was punched in the middle scallop of the posterior mitral leaflet to create “pure” mitral regurgitation. At 12 weeks, the anterior mitral leaflet was analyzed immunohistochemically to assess markers of collagen and elastin synthesis as well as matrix metalloproteinases and proteoglycans. A semiquantitative grading scale for characteristics such as intensity and delineation of stain between layers was used to quantify differences between HOLE and CTRL specimens across the heterogeneous leaflet structure. At 12 weeks, mitral regurgitation grade was greater in HOLE versus CTRL (3.0±0.8 versus 0.4±0.4, P P ≤0.05). Conclusions— In HOLE anterior mitral leaflet, the increased expression of proteins related to collagen synthesis and matrix degradation suggests active matrix turnover. These are the first observations showing that regurgitation alone can stimulate mitral leaflet remodeling. Such leaflet remodeling needs to be considered in reparative surgical techniques.
- Published
- 2008
248. Matrix development in self-assembly of articular cartilage
- Author
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Jerry C. Hu, David D. Allison, Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Gidon Ofek, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Christopher M. Revell, and Koutsopoulos, Sotirios
- Subjects
Cartilage, Articular ,Male ,Time Factors ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,Matrix (biology) ,Regenerative Medicine ,Rheumatology/Cartilage Biology and Osteoarthritis ,Extracellular matrix ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tissue engineering ,Models ,lcsh:Science ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Sepharose ,Anatomy ,Immunohistochemistry ,Cell biology ,Extracellular Matrix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biotechnology/Bioengineering ,Collagen ,Research Article ,General Science & Technology ,0206 medical engineering ,Stress ,Models, Biological ,Dermatan sulfate ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tensile Strength ,medicine ,Chondroitin ,Animals ,Aggrecan ,030304 developmental biology ,Tissue Engineering ,Cartilage ,Arthritis ,lcsh:R ,Rheumatology/Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Mechanical ,Biological ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Collagen, type I, alpha 1 ,chemistry ,Musculoskeletal ,lcsh:Q ,Joints ,Cattle ,Stress, Mechanical ,Articular - Abstract
Background: Articular cartilage is a highly functional tissue which covers the ends of long bones and serves to ensure proper joint movement. A tissue engineering approach that recapitulates the developmental characteristics of articular cartilage can be used to examine the maturation and degeneration of cartilage and produce fully functional neotissue replacements for diseased tissue. Methadology/Principal Findings: This study examined the development of articular cartilage neotissue within a self-assembling process in two phases, in the first phase, articular cartilage constructs were examined at 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 28, 42, and 56 days immunohistochemically, histologically, and through biochemical analysis for total collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. Based on statistical changes in GAG and collagen levels, four time points from the first phase (7, 14, 28, and 56 days) were chosen to carry into the second phase, where the constructs were studied in terms of their mechanical characteristics, relative amounts of collagen type II and VI, and specific GAG types (chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronan), Collagen type VI was present in initial abundance and then localized to a pericellular distribution at 4 wks. N-cadherin activity also spiked at early stages of neotissue development, suggesting that self-assembly is mediated through minimization of free energy. The percentage of collagen type II to total collagen significantly increased over time, while the proportion of collagen type VI to total collagen decreased between 1 and 2 wks, The chondroitin 6- to 4- sulfate ratio decreased steadily during construct maturation. In addition, the compressive properties reached a plateau and tensile characteristics peaked at 4 wks. Conclusions/Significance: The indices of cartilage formation examined in this study suggest that tissue maturation in self-assembled articular cartilage mirrors known developmental processes for native tissue. In terms of tissue engineering, it is suggested that exogenous stimulation may be necessary after 4 wks to further augment the functionality of developing constructs. © 2008 Ofek et al.
- Published
- 2008
249. Differential effects of exogenous and endogenous hyaluronan on contraction and strength of collagen gels
- Author
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Kathryn Jane Grande-Allen, David D. Allison, Kathleen R. Braun, and Thomas N. Wight
- Subjects
Male ,Materials science ,Contraction (grammar) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Endogeny ,Biochemistry ,Biomaterials ,Dna genetics ,Smooth muscle ,Animals ,Hyaluronic Acid ,Overproduction ,Molecular Biology ,Cells, Cultured ,Extracellular Matrix Proteins ,integumentary system ,Biomaterial ,General Medicine ,DNA ,Differential effects ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,Hyaluronan Receptors ,Biophysics ,Collagen ,Gels ,Biotechnology ,Extracellular matrix organization - Abstract
The addition of exogenous hyaluronan to biomaterial scaffolds has been an important area of investigation for many decades. The ability to manipulate endogenous production of hyaluronan via the hyaluronan syntheses has offered another mechanism to study the effect of hyaluronan. While the literature suggests that exogenously added hyaluronan and endogenously produced hyaluronan will have varying impacts on extracellular matrix organization and function, no studies have directly shown this phenomenon. In this investigation, we demonstrate that the addition of exogenous high molecular weight (approximately 1 MDa) hyaluronan and hyaluronan oligosaccharides have a distinct impact on both contraction and strength of smooth muscle cell-seeded collagen gels when compared to the effects of hyaluronan that is endogenously produced by the hyaluronan synthases. More specifically, the addition of exogenous high molecular weight hyaluronan resulted in more compact collagen gels with a higher ultimate tensile strength, whereas the endogenous overproduction of hyaluronan resulted in the opposite effect. We suggest that the addition of exogenous HA to collagen gels represents a model for the therapeutic administration of HA, whereas the addition of excess HA to a tissue via the endogenous overexpression of has represents a model for the pathological accumulation of HA.
- Published
- 2008
250. Glycosaminoglycan composition of the vocal fold lamina propria in relation to function
- Author
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Mariah S. Hahn, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Cindy Y. Jao, and William C. Faquin
- Subjects
Electrophoresis ,Keratan sulfate ,Respiratory Mucosa ,Vocal Cords ,Severity of Illness Index ,Dermatan sulfate ,Glycosaminoglycan ,Laryngeal Diseases ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cicatrix ,Sulfation ,Dogs ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Chondroitin sulfate ,Hyaluronic Acid ,Glycosaminoglycans ,Lamina propria ,biology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Heparan sulfate ,Prognosis ,Molecular biology ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,chemistry ,Proteoglycan ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Objectives: This study was designed to quantify the specific glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the midmembranous vocal fold (VF) lamina propria (LP) and to interpret their presence in relation to the known stresses borne by each LP layer. Methods: GAGs from normal human LP and from both normal and scarred canine LPs were analyzed by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE). Immunostaining was conducted to give insight into the spatial distribution of each GAG type. Results: Hyaluronan composes roughly 0.64% ± 0.41% of the human LP as measured relative to tissue total protein. Chondroitin sulfate and/or dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate chains constitute approximately 23.9% ± 12.1%, 14.7% ± 6.1%, and 61.4% ± 13.6%, respectively, of human LP sulfated GAGs. Conclusions: Observed CS/DS sulfation patterns imply that versican is a major contributor to human LP CS levels. In addition, examination of LP GAG with respect to gender revealed a significant variation in total levels of CS/DS and a potential difference in the levels of versican relative to decorin and biglycan. In dogs, LP scarring appeared to result in a reduction in hyaluronan and CS/DS. These FACE results were combined with histologic data to update current descriptive models linking LP microstructure with the regional variations in LP loading.
- Published
- 2008
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