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Modern scanning radiometers may produce sufficient data to completely inundate the data user. This paper describes such a radiometer, the methods used to select and distill the data, and data presentation formats. The instrument, the RM-20A Radiometric Measurement package, was the latest in a series of Lock-heed Missile & Space Company designed and operated satellite-borne infrared radiation measurement payloads. It was designed to gather information on geosphere and space backgrounds observable in MWIR and SWIR bands. Data rates were on the order of a megabit which dictated efficient data handling techniques in order to accommodate both overall background surveys and detailed analysis for phenomenology purposes. The instrument will be described only in detail sufficient to make data processing problems and objectives understandable. Emphasis is on the processing required to present and format the data for users with varied requirements. Topics covered include removal of instrument effects from the data, transformation and calibration of data-so that it can be compared with that gathered by other instruments, gray scale picture composition, transfer function and PSD generation and tracking of fixed and moving points by data processing.

This paper describes preliminary designs of tilt-rotor and tandem-rotor helicopter V/STOL aircraft for the 1958 short-haul market. These designs include a tilt-rotor aircraft designed for STOL-only operation. The baseline designs are presented with technological and cost data. The impact of noise and ride qualities on aircraft size and cost, and on passenger acceptance are discussed. The results of the study are compared against competitive alternatives in air transportation.

Aircraft No. 2 is presently in the midst of flight envelope expansion. Noise and safety design goals have been demonstrated; preliminary results indicate that performance and component life goals may also be met. Hovering power indicates a standard hover ceiling of 7,000 feet. After 18.0 hours of flight, a true airspeed of 207 knots has been reached. The goal is a 300-knot cruise speed. So far, XV-15 flight tests indicate no reason why the tilt rotor concept should not fulfill its promise to provide a major step forward in air vehicle flexibility and in rotary wing performance.

We report a patient with a long history of pan-hypopituitarism treated with pituitary snuff who developed superior mediastinal fibrosis involving the visceral pericardium, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and a peculiar widespread nodular fibrosis of the lungs.

The major cytologic features seen in fine needle aspirates from two cases of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma were: liver-like tumor cells, characterized by plump, polygonal forms with eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm; large oval nuclei with extremely prominent solitary nucleoli; and parallel bands of fibrous tissue and fibrocytes seen within the tumor fragments. Other helpful features included intracytoplasmic hyaline globules and well-delineated pale bodies. Clinically, the tumors occurred in young patients with noncirrhotic livers and ran a more favorable course than do other types of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Malaria is a disease of the erythron, but as would be expected with involvement of so vital an organ, serious secondary dysfunction of other organs such as the brain or kidneys commonly occurs. The body ultimately acquires defences against red cell parasitism, but when these do not culminate in effective phagocytic clearance of plasmodial antigens, injury to such organs as the liver and kidneys may result. All of the renal syndromes here described may occur in such close correspondence with malarial parasitism that a causative role in some cases is justifiably assumed. However, since all may occur in contexts other than malaria, in malarial as well as non-malarial countries, none is pathognomonic and none constitutes independent evidence of malarial infection. Indeed, though experimental malaria has had but a limited role in delineating the scope of possible malarial injuries to the kidney, the experiments of nature here described reveal natural malaria to be a versatile model system simulating most of the spectrum of known renal responses. The first three syndromes described are more or less direct consequences of unmodified malarial infection; the latter three reflect the intervention of immunity.

This paper is a status report of the NASA/Army XV-15 Project. The basic tilt-rotor concept and the XV-15 Tilt-Rotor Research Aircraft are discussed and some results of full-scale wind-tunnel tests in the Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel are presented. Flight-test data are included to give preliminary performance, noise, and vibration data in hover and as far into transition flight as are available at the time of presentation. Information concerning vehicle aerodynamics and airloads obtained as a result of both wind-tunnel and flight tests are provided with some conclusions as to the ramifications of the data in terms of design criteria and configuration layout.

A general problem for radiation hydrodynamics is the ability of a system to maintain chemical equilibrium as conditions change. Strictly speaking, deviations from LTE are tied up with the manner in which the conditions change, and a rigorous treatment of any particular case requires simultaneous solution of all the equations of radiation hydrodynamics. We are interested in the development of a general set of criteria for use in such problems and so we consider the composition changes in a system with a superimposed variation of conditions. In our treatment, the chemical composition is decoupled from hydrodynamic effects, a separation which is approximately valid if the assumption of near-equilibrium holds. The criteria we find depend upon the breakdown of the consistency in our treatment.

To keep track of how the primary energy redistributes itself and how much of it appears as fluorescent radiation in various bands and lines, how much of it is used up for ionization, dissociation etc., is a complicated job of bookkeeping. Since only some of the relevant cross sections are known one has to make judicious use of all available information and make model assumptions to guess where one has not enough information. Such an attempt was made by the authors in a report (Lockheed, LMSD-48361) which appeared in 1958. Since that time many new experimental and theoretical data have become available so that it is possible to make these assignments somewhat better now.

Summary Artificial gastric juice was prepared and shown to be comparable with natural gastric juice in its bactericidal activity against a stock strain of Shigella sonnei. The acid component of natural gastric juice was the major bactericidal component, but pepsin increased the bactericidal effect significantly. Other components such as lysozyme and amino acids contributed to the lethal properties of the artificial system, whereas sugars and organic acids collectively exerted a protective influence. Peptone or starch added to the gastric juice reduced its bactericidal activity. The artificial gastric juice was most effective in killing Shigella sonnei in tests at pH 1.5-pH 3.0; at values above pH 3 the organism was able to survive in this system.

In this chapter we shall be concerned with departures from equilibrium which are limited in some definite way and, for the most part, small.

An artificial neural network (ANN) was trained to distinguish between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis with averaged pyrolysis mass spectra from duplicate subcultures of four strains of each of these species, each pyrolysed in triplicate. Once trained, the ANN was interrogated with spectrum data from the original organisms (the "training set") and from 26 other mycobacterial isolates (the "challenge set") of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Eight strains of M. bovis and 13 of M. tuberculosis, whether sensitive or variously resistant to antituberculosis drugs, were identified in agreement with conventional identification. Four strains of "M. africanum" were identified as M. bovis. Of two atypical M. tuberculosis strains from South India, one was identified as M. tuberculosis and the other as M. bovis. Six strains of BCG proved heterogeneous; two gave equivocal identifications, three were identified as M. bovis and one was identified as M. tuberculosis.

Isolates of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI) from AIDS and non-AIDS patients were compared by pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS). Those from AIDS patients were more closely related to each other than those from non-AIDS patients which were significantly more disparate.

Chemical effects occur in irradiated systems both in the tracks of particles and in background reactions which take place homogeneously. The latter reactions are considered here in some detail for the case of γ-irradiated water. A model is introduced in which 7 species are involved in 10 reactions to describe irradiated acid water and 11 species are involved in 20 reactions for the case of neutral water. The differential equations of this model are presented. They are ill-conditioned stiff equations and ordinary numerical methods are inadequate to solve them; a method developed by one of us (S.K.D.) has been applied and it is found to yield satisfactory results. This method seems to make possible theoretical studies on irradiated systems involving arbitrary track structure and reaction sequences. Calculations are presented on several cases of γ-irradiated water (acid and neutral). Limited checks with the work of Hochanadel indicate that the model is in satisfactory agreement with experiment if all importa...

The "string of beads" model for the track of an ionizing particle as proposed by Samuel and Magee (1) has, in the past, been widely used for the discussion of diffusion-controlled reactions of radicals in water and aqueous solutions. In this model radicals are supposed to be formed in spherical "spurs," each having a fixed amount of energy deposit (-40 ev).2 The fixed spacing between adjacent spurs is made to agree with the LET of the ionizing particle. Sibling radicals from a spur diffuse throughout the medium, mingling with radicals from other spurs and solute; at all times they have finite probabilities of reaction, expressed by appropriate rate constants. Ganguly and Magee (2) extended the foregoing idea by explicitly recognizing the slowing down of the ionizing particle and the variation of the LET along the track. In the latter model, although the energy deposit (and hence the number of radicals) is the same in each spur, their spacing is random. The average spacing is such that the local LET turns out to be correct for the residual energy of the particle in that specific part of the track. Figures 1 and 2 show track pictures according to Samuel and Magee and according to Ganguly and Magee. The modified "string of beads" model introduced by Ganguly and Magee was used in explanation of yields due to radical recombination and scavenger reaction in the presence of a solute. The theoretical results agreed with experimental determinations except perhaps at very high solute concentration. Notwithstanding the success of the "string of beads" models on the whole, important questions remain unresolved as to details. For example, it is easily understood that constancy of spur size is an idealization; in reality, there must be a dis