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The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for adsorption and elution of iron from acid mine drainage by ion-exchange resin LEWATIT MonoPlus TP 207 under a batch regime of operation. Langmuir's sorption equation was employed to analyse the equilibrium data from the experiments. The data fitting demonstrated that the process obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetics with a linear regression coefficient (R2 ) of 0.9999. Because of the higher demand for hydrochloric solution (100 g/ L) for the ferric iron elution, we studied the effect of the preliminary stage of galvanic elution of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in the presence of H2. In that way, a slightly acidic solution (30 g/ L) was sufficient to desorb more than 95 % of iron from ion exchange resin LEWATIT MonoPlus TP 207 at a temperature of 70 °C., {"references":["APHA. 1995. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.","Agrawal A., Kumari S., Sahu K. K., 2011. Studies on solvent extraction of iron (III) as a step for conversion of a waste effluent to a value-added product, Journal of Environmental Management 92, 3105 -3111.","Ashiq A., Kulkarni J., Vithanage M., 2019. Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from e-waste. In: Electronic Waste Management and Treatment Technology (Ed. By M. Narashimha and M. Vithanage), Elsevier, 225-246.","Azizorghaben A., Rashchi F., Babakhani A., 2016. Stoichiometry and structural studies of Fe(III)and Zn (II) solvent extraction using D2EHPA/ TBP,. Separation and Purification Technology, 171, 197 – 205","Botelho Junior A. B., Vicente A. de A., Espinosa D.C.R., Tenorio, J.A.S., 2019. Recovery of metals by ion exchange processes using chelating resin and sodium dithionite, Journal Matters Research Technology, 8, 4464 – 4469.","Davenport W. G., King M., Schlesinger M., Biswas A. K., 2002. Extractive metallurgy of copper. 4th edition, Pergamon Press, pp. 11-14","Demopoulos G. P., Gefvert, D. L., 1984. Iron (III) removal from base metals electrolyte solutions by solvent extraction, Hydrometallurgy, 12, 299–315.","Dev S., Sachan A., Dehghani F., Ghosh T., Briggs B., Aggarwal S., 2020. Mechanisms of biological recovery of rare-earth elements from industrial and electronic wastes: a review, Chemical Engineering Journal, 397, 124596.","Fatima N., Zhang Q., Chen R., Yan D., Zhou Q., Lu X., Xin Y., 2020. Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of resin for metal impurities in Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, Polymers, 12, 2866 – 2878.","Georgiev P., Nicolova M., Spasova I., Groudev S.., 2018. Bioleaching of valuable components from pyrometallurgical copper slags. Paper presented at 16th International Mineral Processing Symposium, October, Antalya, Turkey.","Georgiev P., Ivanova M.-F., Nicolova M., Spasova I., Groudev S., 2020. Review of the iron recovery processes from laden leach liquors in hydrometallurgy, Sustainable Extraction and Processing of Raw Materials Journal, 1, 37-42.","Groudev S., Georgiev P., Spasova I., Nicolova M., 2008. Bioremediation of acid mine drainage in a uranium deposit, Hydrometallurgy, 94, 93 – 99.","Ho Y.S., Ng J.C.Y., McKay G., 2000., Kinetics of pollutant sorption by biosorbents: Review, Separation and Purification Methods, 29, 189–232","Kulkarni S. A., Sawadh P. S., Palei P. K., Kokate K. K., 2014. Effect of synthesis route on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Ceramics International, 40, 1945 – 1949.","Lupi C., Pilone D., 2000. Reductive stripping in vacuum of Fe(III) from D2EHPA, Hydrometallurgy, 57, 201–207.","Majima H., Izaki T., Sanuki S., 1985. Reductive stripping of Fe(III)-loaded D2EHPA with the aqueous solutions containing sulfur dioxide, Metall. Trans. B, 16, 187–194.","Millar G. J., Schot A., Coupethwaite S. J., Shilling A., Nuttall K., de Bruyn M., 2015. Equilibrium and column studies of ion exchange with strong acid cation resin, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 3, 373 – 385.","Nikoloski A. N., Ang K.-L., 2014. Review of the application of ion exchange resins for the recovery of platinum-group metals from hydrochloric acid solutions, Mineral Processing Extraction Metallurgy Review, 35, 369–389.","Parhi P. K., Park K. H., Nam C. W., Park J. T., 2015. Liquidliquid extraction and separation of total rare earth metals from polymetallic nodule leaching solution, Journal of Rare Earths, 33, 207-213.","Product Guide. 2021. Portfolio of Lewatit® ion exchange resins and Bayoxide® iron oxide adsorbers. LANXESS Deutschland GmbH, Cologne, Germany.","Riveros P. A., 2004. The extraction of Fe(III) using cationic carboxylic resins, Hydrometallurgy, 72, 272 – 290.","Vuori K.-M., 1995. Direct and indirect effects of iron on river ecosystems, Ann. Zool. Fennici, 32, 317 – 329.","Watling H. R., 2006. The bioleaching of sulfide minerals with emphasis on copper sulfides – A Review, Hydrometallurgy, 84, 81-108","Zhang, Y., Liu, Q, Li, L. 2016. Removal of iron from synthetic copper leach solution using a hydroxy-oxime chelating resin, Hydrometallurgy, 164, 154 – 158."]}

International audience; Present-day domestic cattle are reproductively active throughout the year, which is amajor asset for dairy production. Large wild ungulates, in contrast, are seasonalbreeders, as were the last historic representatives of the aurochs, the wild ancestors ofcattle. Aseasonal reproduction in cattle is a consequence of domestication and herding,but exactly when this capacity developed in domestic cattle is still unknown and theextent to which early farming communities controlled reproduction seasonality isdebated. Seasonal or aseasonal calving would have shaped the socio-economic practicesof ancient farming societies differently, structuring the agropastoral calendar anddetermining milk availability where dairying is attested. In this study, we reconstruct thecalving pattern through the analysis of stable oxygen isotope ratios of cattle toothenamel from 18 sites across Europe, dating from the 6th mill. cal BC (Early Neolithic) inthe Balkans to the 4th mill. cal BC (Middle Neolithic) in Western Europe. Seasonal calvingprevailed in Europe between the sixth and fourth millennia cal BC. These results suggestthat cattle agropastoral systems in Neolithic Europe were strongly constrained byenvironmental factors, in particular forage resources. The ensuing fluctuations in milkavailability would account for cheese-making, transforming a seasonal milk supply into astorable product.

Present-day domestic cattle are reproductively active throughout the year, which is a major asset for dairy production. Large wild ungulates, in contrast, are seasonal breeders, as were the last historic representatives of the aurochs, the wild ancestors of cattle. Aseasonal reproduction in cattle is a consequence of domestication and herding, but exactly when this capacity developed in domestic cattle is still unknown and the extent to which early farming communities controlled the seasonality of reproduction is debated. Seasonal or aseasonal calving would have shaped the socio-economic practices of ancient farming societies differently, structuring the agropastoral calendar and determining milk availability where dairying is attested. In this study, we reconstruct the calving pattern through the analysis of stable oxygen isotope ratios of cattle tooth enamel from 18 sites across Europe, dating from the 6th mill. cal BC (Early Neolithic) in the Balkans to the 4th mill. cal BC (Middle Neolithic) in Western Europe. Seasonal calving prevailed in Europe between the 6th and 4th millennia cal BC. These results suggest that cattle agropastoral systems in Neolithic Europe were strongly constrained by environmental factors, in particular forage resources. The ensuing fluctuations in milk availability would account for cheese-making, transforming a seasonal milk supply into a storable product.

Cyana Walker, 1854 is one of the most species-rich Erebiidae genera within the tribe Lithosiini Billberg of the subfamily Arctiinae Leach. The genus is widespread from Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar through southern and eastern Asia to New Guinea and Australia with a diversity hot spot in South East Asia. A striking species with contrasting red and orange wing pattern, C. bellissima (Moore, 1878) was described from northern India and recorded from the Himalayas, China and Indochina (Fang 2000; Černý & Pinratana 2009; Singh et al. 2020). Another closely related species, C. stresemanni (Rothschild, 1936) (= bellissima inouei Kishida, 1993) is distributed in the Peninsular Malaysia (Rothschild 1936; Kishida 1993; Bucsek 2012). During examination of extensive unsorted Lithosiini materials housed in the MWM/ZSM and the private collection of the senior author, a series of peculiar specimens from southern Vietnam provisionally identified as ‘C. bellissima’ was found. These specimens, however, display certain external differences from other populations of C. bellissima and C. stresemanni, suggesting the presence of a further taxon related to C. bellissima. The examination of the male and the female genitalia of the southern Vietnamese specimens has confirmed their specific distinctness and they are described in this paper as a new species.

Cyana fossi sp. n. (Figs 1, 2, 9, 13) Type material. Holotype (Figs 1, 9): male, ���S. Vietnam, Plato [Plateau] Tay Nguyen, Mt. Ngoc Linh, 900���1400m, 15��02���N 107��59���E, 10���25.VIII.1996, leg. Sinjaev [Sinyaev] & Afonin���, gen. slide No.: MWM 34520 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM). Paratypes. VIETNAM: 8 males, with the same data as the holotype, gen. slide No.: MWM 34479 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM); 3 males, 2 females, X.2013, South Vietnam, Lam Dong Province, Lac Duong District, Tay Nguyen Highlands, Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, leg. local collector, gen. slide No.: AV5890 (female) (CAV). Diagnosis. The new species is similar externally to C. bellissima (Figs 3���6), but the males (Fig. 1) can be distinguished by the pale ochreous dorsal part of the thorax (which is off white in its congener), the dark brown-white striped legs (those are uniformly pale brown in C. bellissima), the fully fused, teardrop-shaped distal black spots (in C. bellissima these spots may be connected (Fig. 5), but never fully fused), and the broader subcostal postmedial dash of the forewing; the female specimens of C. fossi (Fig. 2) differ from those of C. bellissima by the dark brown-white striped legs (those are uniformly pale brown in C. bellissima), the broader transverse lines, the slightly larger black cell spots and the much darker, pale red hindwing which is pale pinkish in C. bellissima. The male genital capsule and the aedeagus of the new species (Fig. 9) display no noticeable differences from those of C. bellissima (Figs 11, 12). However, the everted vesica of C. fossi has a broader and bilobate subbasal diverticulum (which is unilobate in its congener), larger distal diverticulum bearing a conspicuously more extensive cluster of larger spinules and a medial cluster of more robust spinules than in C. bellissima. In comparison with C. stresemanni (Fig. 10), the male genital capsule of C. fossi has medially broader and apically narrower valvae with a slightly longer medial crest and a slightly shorter distal saccular process. The everted vesica of the new species is distinguished from that of C. stresemanni by the bilobate subbasal diverticulum with the broader distal lobe, and the presence of the medial and distal clusters of spinules which are absent in C. stresemanni. The female genitalia of C. fossi (Fig. 13) are similar to those of C. bellissima (Fig. 14), but the posterior section of the corpus bursae is slightly less sclerotized, the basal section of the appendix bursae is more weakly sclerotized, the subbasal section of the appendix bursae is narrower and the main chamber of the appendix bursae is slightly shorter than in C. bellissima. The female genitalia of C. fossi differ from those of C. stresemanni (Fig. 15) in the structure of the appendix bursae: in C. fossi, the basal section is more weakly sclerotized, the subbasal section is narrower, the main chamber is markedly narrower and the distal section is much shorter and narrower compared to those characters of C. stresemanni. Description. External morphology of adults . Male. Forewing length 19���21 mm. Antenna blackish brown, weakly ciliate. Head white. Collar crimson with white fringe. Patagia white with large crimson spot medially. Dorsal part of thorax ochreous yellow with crimson spot medially and crimson fringe posteriorly. Abdomen pale red. Forewing ground color off white. Subbasal transverse line crimson, angled and strongly constricted at vein R. Antemedial line crimson, oblique, narrow at costa, constricted at vein R and dilated towards the anal margin. Costal margin crimson from wing base to antemedial line. Medial line absent. Medial black spot large, circular. Distal black spots fused into one teardrop-like spot. Postmedial area with a long and broad longitudinal black dash along vein R1. Postmedial line crimson, constricted at costa, then dilated towards anal margin, its costal third slightly undulate. Subterminal area gold, broad, inner margin wavy. Cilia white. Hindwing pale red, with gold suffusion at apex; discal spot broadly semilunar, greyish brown, diffuse; cilia pale red with admixture of gold. Female. Forewing length 28 mm. Antenna blackish brown, filiform. Head white. Collar crimson with white fringe. Patagia white with large crimson spot medially. Dorsal part of thorax white with a crimson spot medially and two crimson spots posteriorly. Abdomen pale red. Forewing ground color creamy white. Subbasal line crimson, interrupted, represented by two spots between costa and vein R and veins R and A1. Costal margin crimson between wing base and antemedial line. Ante- and postmedial lines crimson, relatively narrow, slightly undulate. Medial line absent. Medial cell black spots large, distal ones separated from each other. Subterminal area pale gold, narrow, slightly curved. Terminal area white, broadened at apex. Cilia white. Hindwing pale red, white along costa; discal spot broadly semilunar, greyish brown, diffuse; cilia whitish at apex and along outer margin, pale red along anal margin. Male genitalia. Uncus short, narrow, dorso-ventrally flattened, apically pointed. Tuba analis moderately broad, scaphium absent, subscaphium setose. Tegumen short and narrow. Anellus weakly setose. Juxta large, rectangular with shallow posterior and deep anterior medial depressions. Vinculum short, broad, evenly arcuate. Valva broad basally, narrowed distally, rounded apically. Costal margin strongly curved medially, medial crest of costa long and narrow. Sacculus narrow, moderately sclerotized, its distal process long, robust, curved dorsally, with apex not reaching the valva tip. Aedeagus short, dilated distally; coecum short and narrow, rounded apically. Vesica thick, curved ventrally; dorsal subbasal diverticulum broad, bilobate; its distal lobe slightly narrower and more elongated than dorsal lobe. Ventral subbasal diverticulum very short, bearing an elongate cluster of numerous short spinules. Medial section of vesica with an elongate cluster of numerous short but robust spinules. Distal diverticulum globular, with a circular cornuti field, consisted of numerous short spinules. Distal plate of vesica narrow, stick-like, with irregularly sinuous anterior margin and gently arched posterior margin. Female genitalia. Papillae anales broad, trapezoidal, with rounded corners. Apophyses anteriores and posteriores long, thin, equal in length. Ostium bursae broad. Ductus bursae short, membranous, longitudinally wrinkled. Posterior section of corpus bursae more or less globular, sclerotized. Anterior section of corpus bursae globular, membranous, with a small rounded signum medially. Appendix bursae originating from posterior section of corpus bursae, its basal section tapering, weakly sclerotized, rugose, directed anterio-laterally. Subbasal section of appendix bursae narrow, membranous, curved laterally. Main chamber of appendix bursae broad and long, rounded sack-like, membranous, directed anteriorly. Distal section of appendix bursae narrow, membranous, S- curved. Distribution. The new species is known so far from the Tay Nguyen Highlands in southern Vietnam. Etymology. The species is dedicated to the memory of Mr. Grigory G. Foss, friend of the authors., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V. & Ivanova, Maria S., 2021, Cyana fossi, a new species from Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae Lithosiini), pp. 595-600 in Zootaxa 4938 (5) on pages 595-596, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4575118

Eosinophilic metaplasia (EM) is the presence of large, intensely eosinophilic intracytoplasmic granules in benign prostatic epithelium.The aim of the present dissertation is to study quantitatively and qualitatively EM in transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)‑material, in order to clarify the pathogenesis and general pathological significance of the process. The study includes a retrospective study of a total of 123 TURP specimens, divided into two groups: Group I 61 bulgarian cases and Group II 62 french cases. The methods we use are - histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and statistical.Based on the performed research and discussion of the results, the following conclusions can be formulated: 1. The EM frequency of TURP-material is twice higher than described in the literature of another type of prostate material. The mean age of patients with EM of TURP-material is similar to that found in the literature of other types of prostate material. The clinical symptoms and the mean value of serum prostate-specific antigen in patients with EM are non-specific and identical to those of benign prostatic hyperplasia. 2. Cytoplasmic granules in prostate EM have different sizes and both exocrine and lysosomal nature. 3. MUC1 is a diagnostic immunohistochemical marker for the EM phenotype. 4. EM is often combined and is correlated with basal cell hyperplasia and the main types of prostate epithelial metaplasia - urothelial and squamous cell. 5. Prostate EM is necessary, Еозинофилната метаплазия (ЕМ) представлява наличие на големи, интензивно еозинофилни интрацитоплазмени гранули в бенигнен простатен епител. Целта на настоящия дисертационен труд е да се изследва количествено и качествено ЕМ на материал от трансуретрална резекция на простата (ТУРП), с оглед изясняване на патогенезата и общопатологичното значение на процеса.Изследванeто включва ретроспективно проучване на общо 123 ТУРП-материала, разпределени в две – I група 61 български случаи и II група 62 френски случаи. Методите, които използваме са – хистологични, хистохимични, имунохистохимични и статистически. Въз основа на извършените изследвания и обсъждане на резултатите могат да се формулират следните изводи: 1.Честотата на ЕМ на ТУРП-материал е два пъти по-висока от описаната в литературата на друг тип простатни материали. Средната възраст на пациентите с ЕМ на ТУРП-материал е подобна на установената в литературата на друг тип простатни материали. Клиничните симптоми и средната стойност на серумния простат-специфичен антиген при пациенти с ЕМ са неспецифични и идентични с тези на бенигнена простатна хиперплазия. 2. Цитоплазмените гранули при простатната ЕМ имат различна големина и едновременно екзокринен и лизозомен характер. 3. MUC1 е диагностичен имунохистохимичен маркер за EM-фенотип. 4. ЕМ се съчетава често и е в корелационна връзка с базалноклетъчна хиперплазия и с основните видове простатни епителни метаплазии – уротелна и плоскоклетъчна. 5. Простатната ЕМ е задължително

Iron is usually present in higher concentrations in the laden solutions and its removal and elimination to a stable phase is a severe problem in hydrometallurgy. This article analyses and compares the processes of solvent extraction and ion exchange as methods for the iron separation and concentration in a sufficient amount, which would enhance its further removal to products with potential for application to other industries. The factors affecting the goethite, hematite and magnetite processes and the area of use of the produced iron oxides are reviewed.

Cyana watsoni Hampson, 1897, stat. rev. (Figs 84���87, 196, 264) Cyana watsoni Hampson, 1897, Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 11: 296 (Type licality: ���Kh��sis,���). Type material examined. Lectotype (designated herein): ♂ (Fig. 84), printed label ���Khasis 96���246��� / printed label ���Khasis. Nat. Coll.��� / handwritten label ��� Cyana Watsoni type ♂. Hmpsn.��� / printed round label with a red circle ���Type��� / printed label with a unique identifier ���NHMUK010597910��� (Coll. NHMUK); paralectotypes: 2 ♀, Upper Burma III.93 E.Y. Watson (Coll. NHMUK). Other material examined. ASSAM: 1 ♂, Assam (Coll. NHMUK); 2 ♀, NE India, Assam, Nameri Nat. Park, 40 km N Tezpur, 150 m, 27��20���N, 93��15���E, 24.VII���2.VIII.1997, leg. Sinjaev & Murzin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); MEGHALAYA: 1 ♂, Khasis, VIII.1894, Nat. Coll. (Coll. NHMUK); 2 ♂, Khasia Hills, Assam, Nissary (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♀, Khasia Hills, Assam (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♀, Cherrapunji, X.[18]93, Assam (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♀, Cherrapunji, IX.[18]93, Assam (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, [Meghalaya] Khasis, Nat. Coll., slide AV20170 ♂ Volynkin (Coll. ZFMK); 22 ♂, 83 ♀, NE India, Assam, W Meghalaya, Garo Hills, Nokrek National Park, 25��40���N, 91��04���E, 1150 m, 2���13.VII 1997, leg. Afonin & Sinajev, slides MWM 34410 (♂), MWM 34538 (♂), MWM 35877 (♀) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Remark. In order to stabilize the nomenclature, here we designate the male specimen from Khasi Hills deposited in NHMUK and labeled as ���Type��� as lectotype, and fix the species��� type locality as ���Kh��sis���. Diagnosis. Forewing length is 14���15 mm in males and 17���18 mm in females. Cyana watsoni has no external differences from C. moelleri and can be distinguished by the genitalia structures only. The male genitalia of C. watsoni differ from those of C. moelleri by their narrower aedeagus and the vesica structure: in C. watsoni the vesica bears a long transverse band-like cluster of strong spine-like cornuti stretching from the base of the dorsal diverticulum to the vesica ejaculatorius, whereas in C. moelleri there is a longitudinal band-like cluster of smaller spine-like cornuti stretching from the vesica base to the base of the distal diverticulum, and a subapical bunch consisting of 5���6 spine-like cornuti. The female genitalia of these species are very similar, but in C. watsoni the ductus bursae is narrower than that of C. moelleri, the posterior sclerotized section of corpus bursae is more rugose, and the signum is slightly smaller. Distribution. North East India (Assam and Meghalaya) (Hampson 1897; Hampson 1900, as part of C. molleri, missp.), North Myanmar (Čern�� & Pinratana 2009, as a part of C. molleri, missp.) and China (Yunnan) (present study)., Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on pages 31-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3672439, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. (1897) The moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in \" The fauna of British India \". Part I-II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11 (2), 277 - 297, pl. A.","Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 2, 1 - 590.","Cerny, K. & Pinratana, A. (2009) Moths of Thailand. Vol. 6. Arctiidae. Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, 283 pp."]}

Cyana bhatejai N. Singh & Kirti, 2015 (Figs 56, 57, 185, 254) Cyana bhatejai N. Singh & Kirti, in Kirti & N. Singh, 2015, Arctiid moths of India 1: 63, text figs (Type locality: “ Karnataka: Ganeshgudi”). Type material examined. Holotype: ♂, “ Karnataka: Ganeshgudi, 19.VII.2004 ” (Coll. PUDZES). Paratypes: 6 ♂ from Karnataka (Coll. PUDZES) listed by Kirti & Singh (2015). Other material examined. TAMIL NADU: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, India merid., (Madras presidensy), Nilgiri Hills, VI.1994, coll. Schintlmeister (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, South India, T.N., Coimbatore road, 1100 m, Lf. 15.VIII.1989, leg. Dr. W. Thomas, slide MWM 34397 (♂), MWM 34399 (♀) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, India mer., 1000 m, Tamil Nadu, Kalkad, Wildlife Sanctuary Manjolai, 6–7.IV.1997, 8.15’N, 77.27’E, tea estate / rainforest, Sinjaev & Schintlmeister (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, S. India, Nilgiri Hills, VII.1994, leg. Lehmann & Steinke, ex coll. Schintlmeister (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, India, T.N., Nilgiri Hills, Ooty–Coimbatore road, 1000m, 9.VII.1990, leg. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♂, India, T.N., Nilgiri Hills, Bisonvalley View Point, 1200m, 10–11.VII.1990, leg. W. Thomas, slide MWM/ ZSM 34398 Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); KARNATAKA: 1 ♂, India, Karnataka, Ganeshgudi, 12.IX.2007, leg. Rahul Joshi (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, India, Karnataka, Jogfall, 22.X.2009, leg. Rahul Joshi (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, India, Karnataka, Yellapur, 23.XI.2014, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI). Diagnosis. Forewing length is 13–13.5 mm in males and 14.5–15 mm in females. Cyana bhatejai differs clearly from its closest relatives, C. peregrina and C. catorhoda by its slightly larger size, larger black medial spots, broader antemedial line, broader postmedial line being strongly angled outwards, and broader subterminal line. The male genitalia of C. bhatejai differ from those of C. peregrina by the larger lateral lobes of vinculum, the slightly narrower distal section of the valva, the larger and elongate cluster of spine-like cornuti on the dorsal diverticulum (that is smaller and rounded in C. peregrina), the weaker granulation on the subbasal ventral diverticulum, and the larger and granulated distal diverticulum (in C. peregrina that is smaller and membranous). The female genitalia of C. bhatejai differ clearly from those of C. peregrina and C. catorhoda by the presence of two band-like signa in corpus bursae, whereas in C. peregrina and C. catorhoda one signum is small and round, and the second one is band-like. Distribution. South India (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu) (Kirti & Singh 2015).

Cyana guttifera (Walker, 1856) (Figs 78, 79, 194, 262) Bizone guttifera Walker, 1856, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum 7: 1779 (Type locality: ���Landoor, N. W. Himalaya���). Type material examined. Holotype (by monotypy): ♀, handwritten label ���Himalayas. Landoor (Hearsey.) 54-74.��� / printed label ���GUTTIFERA��� / printed round label with a green circle ���Type��� / printed label with a unique identifier ���NHMUK010402110��� (Coll. NHMUK). Other material examined. HIMACHAL PRADESH: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kangra (Hocking) 86���69 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♀, Himachal Pradesh, Majathal, 2.VIII.2014, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); UTTARAKHAND: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, In- dia sept., Kumaon-Himalaya, Distr. NainiTal, BhimTal, 1500 m, 2.IV.1979, leg. F. Smetacek (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, India, Kumaon-Himalaya, Bhimtal, 1500 m, 25.III.1976, leg. F. Smetaсek (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, India sept., Himalaya, Bhimtal, 9.IX.1978, slide AV4660 ♂ Volynkin (Coll. CKC); 4 ♀, India, Indian Himalaya, Ut- taranchal, Nainital, Sathkol village, XI.2003, leg. Saluk (Coll. MWM / ZSM); SIKKIM: 1 ♀, Sikkim, O. M��ller, 1900���64 (Coll. NHMUK); 12 ♂, 6 ♀, India, Sikkim, Legship, 500 m, 24���28.VII.1990, leg. W. Thomas, slide ZSM Arct. 124/2017 ♂ Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 3 ♂, 2 ♀, India-Sikkim, Pemayangtse Vic., Geysing, 1400 m, Lf., 24.VIII.1988, leg. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 3 ♂, 4 ♀, India, Sikkim, Namchi, 1000 m, 2.VII.1986, leg. W. Thomas, slide ZSM Arct. 125/2017 ♀ Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, Sikkim, Mt. Kanchenjunga, SE, 2000 m, 22���31.VII.1995, 27���30���N, 88���20���E, leg. E. Afonin & V. Siniaev (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, India, Sikkim, 14 km n��rdl. Gangtok, 1500 m, 2.VIII.1989, leg. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, Sikkim, 8.IV.1888, O. M��ller / Col- lectio H. J. Elwes, slide AV2074 ♀ Volynkin (Coll. ZFMK); 1 ♂, India, Sikkim, Golitar, 20.IX.2014, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); WEST BENGAL: 1 ♀, Darjeeling, Dr. Lidderdale, 79���57 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, India, W.B., Dar- jeeling, Himafalls, 2000 m, 4.VIII.1989, leg. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 13 ♂, 11 ♀, India W.B., Darjeeling, Manjitar, 650 m, 19���21.VII.1989, leg. Dr. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, India W.B., Darjeeling, Pashok, 850 m, 4.VII.1986, leg. Dr. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, India W.B., Darjeeling, Kalimpong, 1250 m, 5.VII.1986, leg. Dr. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, India WB, 650 m, Darjeeling, Rambi, 28.III.1986, leg. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); ASSAM: 1 ♂, Assam, 5000 ft., Shillong, X.1921 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, NE India, Assam, Nameri Nat. Park, 40 km N Tezpur, 150 m, 27��20���N, 93��15���E, 24.VII���2.VIII.1997, leg. Sinjaev & Murzin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); MEGHALAYA: 1 ♂, Cherrapunji, X.1893, Assam (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, Khasis, IV.1894, Nat. Coll. (Coll. NHMUK); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, NE India, Assam, W Meghalaya, Garo Hills, Nokrek National Park, 25��40���N, 91��04���E, 1150 m, 2���13.VII 1997, leg. Afonin & Sinajev (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 7 ♂, 11 ♀, NE India, W Meghalaya, Umran, 33 km N Shillong, 26��06���N, 92��23���E, 800 m, 14���23.VII.1997, leg. Sinjaev & Afonin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, [Meghalaya] Khasis, Nat. Coll., slide AV2073 ♂ Volynkin (Coll. ZFMK); 3 ♂, Mawsynram, 27.VIII.2014, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Meghalaya, Jowai, 17.IX.2015, leg. Kumar Kaustubh (Coll. NZCZSI); MIZORAM: 1 ♂, Mizoram, Variegate, 19.IX.2016, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); ARUNACHAL PRADESH: 1 ♂, Arunachal Pradesh, Raga, 5.V.2016, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); TAMIL NADU: 1 ♀, India mer., 1000 m, Tamil Nadu, Kalkad, Wildlife Sanctuary, Manjolai, 6���7.IV.1997, 8.15���N, 77.27���E, tea estate / rainforest, Sinjaev & Schintlmeister (Coll. MWM / ZSM); KERALA: 1 ♀, [S India, Kerala] Travancore, 1900���23 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, India mer., Kerala, 6 km N Munnar, 1700 m, Kodalar, Tea Estate, 10.06���N / 77.04���E, 14���15.IV.1997, leg. Schintlmeister & Siniaev, Mountain rainforest, 14 ��C (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, Kerala, Thenmala, 08.VIII.2017, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Kerala, Vadaserikara, 11.VIII.2017, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 2 ♂, Kerala, Peri- yar, 12.VIII.2017, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); KARNATAKA: 1 ♂, Karnataka, Jog falls, 20.XI.2014, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Karnataka, Yellapur, 23.XI.2014, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI). Diagnosis. Forewing length is 10.5���12 mm in males and 12.5���13 mm in females. Cyana guttifera is similar externally to C. moelleri and its allies, but can be distinguished by the pale ochreous hindwings of both sexes. The male genital capsule of C. guttifera is very different from that of C. moelleri and its allies by its V-shaped vinculum (that is U-shaped in C. moelleri), longer transtilla, and valva being narrowed distally and having narrow and heavily sclerotized ventral medial lobe of costa (whereas in C. moelleri and its allies the valva is strongly broadened distally and the ventral medial lobe of costa is short, broad and more weakly sclerotized). The aedeagus of C. guttifera is shorter and broader than that of C. moelleri and its allies, and bears a V-like cluster of short spinules distally. The vesica of C. guttifera is broad and has two large diverticula, one of which bears a large and strongly dentate cornutus, whereas in C. moelleri and its allies vesica is smaller, has smaller diverticula and bears clusters of spinules. The female genitalia of C. guttifera differ clearly from those of other Indian congeners by the very broad and heavily sclerotized ductus bursae. Distribution. South, North and North East India (Hampson 1900; Smetacek 2008; Singh et al. 2014), Nepal (Kishida 1993; 1994; 1998), Bhutan, China (Xizang, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan) (Fang 2000), North and West Thailand (Čern�� & Pinratana 2009), North Vietnam (de Joannis 1928)., Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3672439, {"references":["Walker, F. (1856) List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 7. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 300 pp. [pp. 1509 - 1808]","Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 2, 1 - 590.","Smetacek, P. (2008) Moths recorded from different elevations in Nainital district, Kumaon Himalaya, India. Bionotes, 10 (1), 5 - 15.","Singh, J., Singh, N. & Joshi, R. (2014) A Checklist of subfamily Arctiinae (Erebidae: Noctuoidea: Lepidoptera) from India. Records of Zoological Survey of India, Occ. Paper No. 367, 1 - 76.","Kishida, Y. (1993) Arctiidae: Lithosiinae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. 2. Tinea, 13 (Supplement 3), pp. 36 - 40.","Kishida, Y. (1994) Arctiidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. 3. Tinea, 14 (Supplement 1), pp. 66 - 71.","Kishida, Y. (1998) Arctiidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. 5. Tinea, 15 (Supplement 1), pp. 32 - 35.","Fang, C. (2000) Lepidoptera. Arctiidae. Fauna Sinica (Insecta). Vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing, 590 pp. [in Chinese, with English summary]","Cerny, K. & Pinratana, A. (2009) Moths of Thailand. Vol. 6. Arctiidae. Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, 283 pp.","Joannis, J. de (1928) Lepidoptѐres Heterocѐres du Tonkin. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 97, 241 - 368, pls. 1 - 2. [in French]"]}

Cyana britomartis N. Singh & Volynkin, sp. nov. (Figs 109���111, 208, 209, 272) Type material. Holotype (Figs 109, 208): ♂, India, Arunachal Pradesh, Dibang valley, 26.X.2017, leg. Navneet Singh (Coll. NZCZSI). Paratypes: INDIA. SIKKIM: 1 ♀, Sikkim, Mt. Kanchenjunga SE, 27��30���N, 88��20���E, 2000 m, 22���31.VII.1995, leg. E. Afonin & V. Sinjaev ex coll. Schintlmeister (Coll. MWM / ZSM); WEST BENGAL: 1 ♂, India, W.B., 2500m, Darjeeling Tigerhill, 2400 m, 13.+ 16.VIII.1985, leg. W. Thomas ���, slide MWM 34445 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♀, same locality and collector, but 29���31.VIII.1988, slide MWM 34447 (♀) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). NEPAL: 1 ♀, Nepal, Ganesh Himal, 2520 m, near Godlang, 85��17���E, 28��10���N, 13.IX.1995, leg. B. Herczig & Gy. M. L��szl�� (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♂, Nepal, Langtang, 1950 m, 1.5 km NE Dhunche, 85��18���E 28��06���N, 24.IX.1994, leg. Csorba & Ronkay, slide MWM 34474 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 6 ♂, 1 ♀, Nepal, 2300 m, Mt. Ka- linchok, 5 km W of Bigu, 3.VII.1997, leg. M. Hreblay & K. Csak (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, Nepal, 1850 m, Mt. Kalinchok, 8 km E of Barabise, 5.VII.1997, leg. M. Hreblay & K. Csak (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 3 ♂, Nepal, 2600 m, Mt. Kalinchok, 2 km N of Tarebhir, 2.VII.1997, leg. M. Hreblay & K. Csak (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, C. Nepal, Mt. Annapurna Himal, Poon Hill, 28��34���N, 83��50���E, 2800 m, 12���15.VII.1995, leg. Afonin & Sinajev (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, Nepal, Mt. Annapurna Himal, between Nangethanti and Ghorepani, 2600 m, 83��42,5���E, 28��23,5���N, 24.VII.1995, leg. Gy. M. L��szl�� & G. Ronkay (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, Nepal, Annapurna Himal, 1 km NW Chitre, 2300 m, 83��41���E, 28��25,5���N, 21���22.VI.1996, leg. Gy. M. L��szl�� & G. Ronkay (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, Nepal, Sun Kosi-Tal, Kodari, 2000 m, 18���19.VIII.1971, leg. de Freina, Slg. Th. Witt (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, East Nepal, Milke Danda, Gupha Pass, 3000 m, 4.VII.1988, leg. M��rton Hreblay & Bal��zs Benedek (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, Nepal, 2900 m, Mt. Kalinchok, 3 km SW Kalinchok peak, 30.VI.1997, leg. M. Hreblay & K. Csak (Coll. MWM / ZSM). CHINA. SICHUAN: 1 ♂, China, Sichuan, Daxue Shan Mts., 80 km W Mianning, 28��34���N, 102��00���E, 2750 m, 7���8.VII.1999, leg. Sinaev & Plutenko (Coll. MWM / ZSM); YUNNAN: 3 ♂, 2 ♀, China, Yunnan, 20 km W Dali, Yunlong, 2570 m, 30.VIII.1998, ex. coll. Dr. Brechlin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 5 ♂, 5 ♀, China, prov. Yunnan, Dali Bai aut. pref. Yunlong, 13 km N of Caojian, Fengshuining Mts., 2460 m, 25.VII.���8.VIII.1999, leg. Dr Ronald Brechlin, slide MWM 34473 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Etymology. In ancient Greek mythology, Britomartis is a goddess of mountains and hunting, who was primarily worshipped on the island of Crete. Diagnosis. Forewing length is 20���21.5 mm in males and 25���25.5 mm in females. Cyana britomartis is a closest relative of C. divakara, from which it differs by its smaller black discal spots, broader subbasal white strip along the forewing costa, longer subbasal white spot along the anal forewing margin, and larger medial white spot. In addition, male of C. britomartis differs from that of C. divakara by its distal discal black spots well separated from each other. The male genital capsule of C. britomartis is very similar to that of C. divakara, but differs by its slightly narrower juxta, narrower valva with less curved costa, longer distal section of valva, and slightly more robust distal saccular process. The vesica of C. britomartis differs from that of C. divakara by its shorter but much broader dorsal subbasal diverticulum, larger cluster of spinules on the largest medial diverticulum, larger lateral cluster of spinules, and larger distal diverticulum. In the female genitalia, C. britomartis differs from C. divakara by its less sclerotized posterior section of the corpus bursae, and much smaller appendix bursae. Distribution. The new species is known from North East India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and north of West Bengal), Nepal (Kishida 1994, as divakara) and China (Sichuan and Yunnan) (Fang 1992; 2000, as divakara)., Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3672439, {"references":["Kishida, Y. (1994) Arctiidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. 3. Tinea, 14 (Supplement 1), pp. 66 - 71.","Fang, C. (1992) Studies on the genus Cyana Walker of China (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae, Lithosiinae). Sinozoologia, 9, 255 - 267. [in Chinese, with English summary]","Fang, C. (2000) Lepidoptera. Arctiidae. Fauna Sinica (Insecta). Vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing, 590 pp. [in Chinese, with English summary]"]}

Cyana moelleri (Elwes, 1890) (Figs 80���83, 195, 263) Bizone m��lleri Elwes, 1890, Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London 1890: 395 (Type locality: ��� Sikkim, ��� Cherra Pungi in the Khasia Hills���). = molleri, misspelling. Type material examined. Lectotype (designated herein) (Fig. 80): ♂, printed label ��� Sikkim. O. M��ller. ��� / handwrit- ten label ��� Bizone Molleri Elwes type��� / printed label ��� Collectio H. J. Elwes ��� / printed label ���Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939���1.��� / printed round label with a red circle ���Type��� / printed label with a unique identifier ���NHMUK010597909��� (Coll. NHMUK). Other material examined. SIKKIM: 1 ♂, Sikkim, VIII.1909, F. Moller, 1910���140 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♀, Sik- kim, 5000 ft., Kurseong, 7���20.VI.[19]22, Fletcher coll. (Coll. NHMUK); 3 ♂, 10 ♀, India, Sikkim, Legship, 500 m, 24���28.VII.1990, leg. W. Thomas, slide MWM 34412 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 11 ♂, 10 ♀, India, Sikkim, Namchi, 1000 m, 2.VII.1986, leg. W. Thomas, slides MWM 34408 (♂), MWM 34505 (♂), ZSM Arct. 123/2017 ♀ Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, 2 ♂, Sikkim, Ta Tak Dah, VI.[19]20, slides MWM 34506 (♂), MWM 34507 (♀) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♂, India-Sikkim, Pemayangtse, 1200 m, below Rimbi, Lf., 26.VIII.1988, leg. Dr. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); WEST BENGAL: 1 ♂, India WB, Darjeeling Mangpu-road, 1800 m, 18.VI.1987, leg. W. Thomas, coll. Dr. W. Thomas, Mus. Witt, M��nchen (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, India W.B., 850 m, Darjeeling, Pashok, 4.VII.1986, leg. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♂, India W.B., Darjeeling, Manjitar, 700 m, 20.VII.1990, leg. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, India WB, Darjeeling, 2100 m, 19���21.VII.1990, leg. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, India W.B., Darjeeling, 5 km above Rambi, 800 m, 30.VII.1990, leg. Dr. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, India-W.B., Darjeeling Mangpu Road, 1900 m, Lf., 29.VI.1987, leg. Dr. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 3 ♂, 4 ♀, India W.B., 1700 m, Kalimpong, Algarah, 5���6.VII.1986, leg. W. Thomas, slide MWM 35879 (♀) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Remark. In the original description, Elwes (1890) mentioned one male and two females from Sikkim, and a male from Khasi Hills, which are syntypes. As the population from Khasi Hills belongs to the allopatric sister species C. watsoni, the lectotype designation is necessary. Here we designate the male specimen from Sikkim deposited in NHMUK and labeled as ���Type��� as lectotype. Diagnosis. Forewing length is 12.5���14 mm in males and 15.5���16.5 mm in females. The species significantly varies in its size and size of black spots on male forewing, but the male genitalia of different populations are uniform. Differences from C. watsoni are listed in the diagnosis of the latter. Distribution. Cyana moelleri is an Eastern Himalayan species known from North East India (Sikkim and north of West Bengal) and Central and East Nepal (present study). Records for Meghalaya (India), Myanmar (Hampson 1900) and South West China (Fang 2000) belong to C. watsoni. The record for Thailand (Čern�� & Pinratana 2009, as C. molleri, missp.) belongs to C. ariadne Volynkin & Čern��, 2019 widespread in North Thailand, North Vietnam and South East China (Volynkin & Čern�� 2019a)., Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3672439, {"references":["Elwes, H. J. (1890) On some new moths from India. Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1890, 378 - 401, pls. 32 - 34.","Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 2, 1 - 590.","Fang, C. (2000) Lepidoptera. Arctiidae. Fauna Sinica (Insecta). Vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing, 590 pp. [in Chinese, with English summary]","Cerny, K. & Pinratana, A. (2009) Moths of Thailand. Vol. 6. Arctiidae. Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, 283 pp.","Volynkin, A. V. & Cerny, K. (2019 a) Three new species of Cyana Walker, 1854 from Indochina and China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini). Zootaxa, 4586 (2), 338 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4586.2.8"]}

Cyana atlanteia N. Singh, Volynkin, Kirti & Datta, sp. nov. (Figs 88, 89, 197, 198) Type material. Holotype (Figs 88, 197): ♂, ���NE India, Assam, Pan Bari Reserv [e] Forest, 27��08���N, 94��00���E, 4���7.VII.1997, leg. Sinjaev & Murzin, slide MWM 34504 Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Paratypes: ASSAM: 1 ♂, NE India, Assam, Jatinga, 10.IX.2005 leg. Navneet Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); 2 ♂, India, Assam, Jatinga, 11.IX.2005 leg. Navneet Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, India, Assam, Jatinga, 12.IX.2005 leg. Navneet Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, India, Assam, Jatinga, 13.IX.2005 leg. Navneet Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, India, Assam, Jatinga, 14.IX.2005 leg. Navneet Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); TAMIL NADU: 2 ♂, India mer., 1000 m, Tamil Nadu, Kalkad, Wildlife Sanctuary, Manjolai, 6���7.IV.1997, 8.15���N, 77.27���E, tea estate / rainforest, Sinjaev & Schintlmeister, slide MWM 34411 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Etymology. In ancient Greek mythology, Atlanteia is one of Hamadryad nymphs, who consorted with Danaus, the king of Libya. Diagnosis. Forewing length is 11���12.5 mm in males. Cyana atlanteia is a closest relative of C. chrysopeleia and C. intercomma. It differs externally from C. chrysopeleia by its smaller size and broader ante- and postmedial lines. The new species differs from C. intercomma by its slightly smaller size, amber yellow forewing pattern (that is darker, apricot orange in C. intercomma), and pure white hindwing in male (whereas in male of C. intercomma the hindwing is pale ginger orange). The male genitalia of C. atlanteia differ from those of C. chrysopeleia by their broader uncus, slightly narrower valva with a less developed medial costal crest, and the absence of spinules on the medial diverticulum. Compared to those of C. intercomma, the male genitalia of C. atlanteia have the longer uncus, the aedeagus without subapical dentate ring, the vesica bearing no spinules subbasally and distally, and the shorter dorsal diverticulum with a small subbasal subdiverticulum and only several spinules on its tip (whereas in C. intercomma the dorsal diverticulum is longer, has no subdiverticulum and bears more numerous and robust spinules on its tip, and the vesica has a subbasal bunch of spinules and a long distal cluster of spinules stretching from the medial part of vesica to the base of the vesica ejaculatorius). The female is unknown. Distribution. The new species is up to date, known from South and North East India (Tamil Nadu and Assam)., Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3672439

Cyana abrupta Volynkin & Čern��, 2019 (Figs 20, 21, 170, 243) Cyana abrupta Volynkin & Čern��, 2019, Ecologica Montenegrina 21: 59, Figs 5, 6, 15, 18 (Type locality: ���NE India, Assam, Pan Bari Reserv Forest���). Type material examined. Holotype: ♂, ���NE India, Assam, Pan Bari Reserv [e] Forest, 27��08���N, 94��00���E, 4��� 7.VII.1997, leg. Sinjaev & Murzin���, slide MWM 31805 Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Paratypes: 30 ♂ and 21 ♀ from India, Nepal and Bangladesh listed by Volynkin & Čern�� (2019). Diagnosis. Forewing length is 14���16 mm in males and 17���19 mm in females. Cyana abrupta has no significant external differences from its closest relatives, C. indosinica Volynkin & Čern��, 2018 and C. malayana Bucsek, 2012 (illustrated by Volynkin et al. 2018). The male genitalia of C. abrupta differ from those of C. indosinica by their trigonal lateral lobes of the vinculum (whereas in C. indosinica and other related species the lobes are more rounded), the much shorter and narrower medial posterior, medial anterior and distal diverticula, and the narrower medial dorsal diverticulum. The female genitalia differ from those of other related species (illustrated by Volynkin et al. 2017) by the shorter ductus bursae, the long, narrow and weakly rugose posterior sclerotized plate of the corpus bursae, the heavily sclerotized lateral band-like signum, and the significantly larger anterior signum. Distribution. Nepal (Kishida 1994, as bianca), North and North East India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya) (Kirti et al. 2013, as bianca), Bangladesh (Volynkin et al. 2018 (as C. bianca); Volynkin & Čern�� 2019b)., Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on pages 10-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3672439, {"references":["Bucsek, K. (2012) Erebidae, Arctiinae (Lithosiini, Arctiini) of Malay Peninsula-Malaysia. Institute of Zoology SAS, Bratislava, 170 pp.","Volynkin, A. V., Cerny, K., & Dubatolov, V. V. (2017) A new species of Cyana Walker, 1854 from Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Eribidae: Arctiinae). Zootaxa, 4269 (3), 438 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4269.3.7","Kishida, Y. (1994) Arctiidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. 3. Tinea, 14 (Supplement 1), pp. 66 - 71.","Volynkin, A. V. & Cerny, K. (2019 b) On the correct identification of Cyana bianca (Walker, 1856), with description of a new species and notes on the taxonomy of the Cyana insularis (Draudt, 1914) species-group (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Ecologica Montenegrina, 21, 53 - 61. [https: // www. biotaxa. org / em / article / view / 51318]"]}

Cyana gelida gelida (Walker, 1854) (Figs 72���77, 193, 259) Doliche gelida Walker, 1854, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum 2: 529 (Type locality: [E Bangladesh or NE India, S Meghalaya] ���Silhet���). = Lithosia alborosea Walker, 1864, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum 31: 230 (Type locality: ���North Hindostan���), syn. nov. Type material examined. Lectotype of Doliche gelida (designated herein) (Fig. 72): ♂, handwritten label ���Silhet. 45���107��� / printed label ���1. DOLICHE GELIDA.��� / handwritten label ��� gelida 127��� / printed round label with a green circle ���Type��� / printed label with a unique identifier ���NHMUK010597963��� / blue label ��� Arctiidae genitalia slide No. (printed) 2159 (handwritten)��� (Coll. NHMUK); lectotype of Lithosia alborosea (designated herein) (Fig. 73): ♀ without abdomen, handwritten label ���N. India. (Strachey) 60���39.��� / printed label ���ALBOROSEA.��� / ���1935 (printed) 181 (handwritten)��� / printed round label with a green circle ���Type��� / ���= Chionaema gelida Walk. (handwritten) W.H.T. Tams det. (printed) 6.VI.1935 (handwritten)��� / printed label with a unique identifier ���NHMUK010597964��� (Coll. NHMUK). Other material examined. HIMACHAL PRADESH: 1 ♀, Kangra (Hocking) 86���69 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, [Kullu, Sultanpur] Sultanpore, Kulu, Capt. J. Young coll. 1889 (Coll. NHMUK); UTTARAKHAND: 5 ♂, 2 ♀, India, Kumaon-Himalaya, Bhimtal, 1500 m, leg. F. Smetaсek, 13.III.1974, 1 ♂, 17.III.1974, 1 ♂, slide MWM 35682, ♂, Volynkin; 26.III.1974, 1 ♀, 27.III.1974, 1 ♀, 18.IV.1974, 1 ♂, 4.VIII.1974, 1 ♂, 8.IX1974, 1 ♂ (Coll. MWM / ZSM); SIKKIM: 1 ♂, Sikkim, Kurseong, R.P. Breaudeau 1894 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, Sikkim, 20.III.1888, O. M��ller / Collectio H. J. Elwes, slide AV2075 ♂ Volynkin (Coll. ZFMK); WEST BENGAL: 1 ♂, Darjiling / Moore Coll. 94���106 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, Darjeeling, 91���83 (Coll. NHMUK); ASSAM: 1 ♀, Assam, H.M. Parish, B.M. 1923���247 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, NE India, Assam, Nambor Reserve Forest, Garampani, h= 100 m, 26��30���N, 93��56���E, 21���29.XI.1997, leg. V. Siniaev & M. Murzin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, NE India, Assam, Kaziranga Wild Life Res., 27��08���N, 93��56���E, 200 m, 2���3.VII.1997, leg. Siniaev (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, NE India, Assam, Pan Bari Reserve Forest, 27��08���N, 94��00���E, 4���7.VII.1997, leg. Sinjaev & Murzin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); MEGHA- LAYA: 1 ♀, [Meghalaya] Khasia Hills, Assam / Collectio H. J. Elwes, slide AV2076 ♀ Volynkin (Coll. ZFMK); 3 ♂, NE India, W Meghalaya, Umran, 33 km N Shillong, 26��06���N, 92��23���E, 800 m, 14���23.VII.1997, leg. Sinjaev & Afonin, slide MWM 33687 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, NE India, Assam, W Meghalaya, Garo Hills, Nokrek National Park, 25��40���N, 91��04���E, 1150 m, 2���13.VII 1997, leg. Afonin & Sinajev (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♀, India, Meghalaya, Nehu, 9.IX.2015, leg. Devinder Pal Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, India, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji, 12.IX.2015, leg. Devinder Pal Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, India, Arunachal Pradesh, Poma, 29.IV.2016 leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); NAGALAND: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Assam, Naga Hills, Kahima, H.C. Tytler, 1818-61, slide BMNH(E) Arct. -4629 ♀ (Coll. NHMUK). Remarks. 1. The taxon alborosea was described based on worn female(s) and treated by Hampson (1896; 1900), Draudt (1914), Strand (1922) and Fang (1992; 2000) as a valid species and the senior synonym of C. quadrinotata. In order to stabilize the nomenclature, here we designate the specimen deposited in the NHMUK collection and labeled as ���Type��� as lectotype. The lectotype has no abdomen, but, nevertheless, its forewing shape and remnants of the pattern are very characteristic and are very different from those of C. quadrinotata but identical to those of C. gelida (Fig. 73). The synonymy of alborosea and gelida has also been proposed by W.H.T. Tams on the determination label (Fig. 73). 2. Čern�� & Pinratana (2009) treated quadrinotata and alborosea as different species, but ��� C. alborosea ��� illustrated on the color plate definitely belongs to one of forms of the polymorphic C. quadrinotata. 3. Hampson (1900) erroneously cited two specimens (male and female) from ��� Assam, Kh��sis��� as ���type���, while the species was described from Sylhet. In order to stabilize the nomenclature, here we designate the specimen from ���Silhet��� deposited in the NHMUK collection and labeled as ���Type��� as lectotype. Diagnosis. Forewing length is 12.5���15 mm in males and 14.5���17.5 mm in females. An unmistakable species with the very characteristic forewing shape and pattern. The male clasping apparatus of C. gelida is similar to that of C. harterti and C. flavalba, but differs by the vesica without spinules or cornuti. The female genitalia structures are also membranous with only small round signum in the medial section of the corpus bursae. Distribution. The nominate subspecies is widely distributed in North and North-East India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, north of West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh) (Hampson 1900; Smetacek 2008; Singh et al. 2014), Pakistan (present study), Nepal (Kishida 1993), Bangladesh (Walker 1854) and China (Yunnan) (Fang 2000). The subspecies C. g. brunnea Bucsek, 2014 is known from the Malay Peninsula (Bucsek 2014). The status of the populations distributed in Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia (Čern�� & Pinratana 2009; Bayarsaikhan & Bae 2016) needs clarification., Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3672439, {"references":["Walker, F. (1854) List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 2. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 303 pp. [pp. 279 - 581]","Walker, F. (1864 [1865]) List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 31. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 322 pp.","Draudt, M. (1914) Arctiidae. - Tiger moths (Miltochrista to Stenosa). In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 10. Die Indo-Australischen Spinner und Schwarmer. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 135 - 223. [in German]","Strand, E. (1922) Arctiidae: Subfam. Lithosiinae. In: Wagner, H. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 26. W. Yunk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 899. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 146589","Fang, C. (1992) Studies on the genus Cyana Walker of China (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae, Lithosiinae). Sinozoologia, 9, 255 - 267. [in Chinese, with English summary]","Fang, C. (2000) Lepidoptera. Arctiidae. Fauna Sinica (Insecta). Vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing, 590 pp. [in Chinese, with English summary]","Cerny, K. & Pinratana, A. (2009) Moths of Thailand. Vol. 6. Arctiidae. Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, 283 pp.","Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae) in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 2, 1 - 590.","Smetacek, P. (2008) Moths recorded from different elevations in Nainital district, Kumaon Himalaya, India. Bionotes, 10 (1), 5 - 15.","Singh, J., Singh, N. & Joshi, R. (2014) A Checklist of subfamily Arctiinae (Erebidae: Noctuoidea: Lepidoptera) from India. Records of Zoological Survey of India, Occ. Paper No. 367, 1 - 76.","Kishida, Y. (1993) Arctiidae: Lithosiinae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. 2. Tinea, 13 (Supplement 3), pp. 36 - 40.","Bucsek, K. (2014) Erebidae, Arctiinae (Lithosiini, Arctiini) of Malay Peninsula-Malaysia (Supplementum). Institute of Zoology SAS, Bratislava, 45 pp.","Bayarsaikhan, U. & Bae, Y. S. (2016) A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) from Cambodia, with description of new species. Zootaxa, 4114 (4), 447 - 463. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4114.4.5"]}

Cyana bianca (Walker, 1856) (Figs 11, 12, 165, 238) Bizone Bianca Walker, 1856, List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 7: 1684 (Type locality: ���Hindostan���). Type material examined. Holotype (by monotypy) (Figs 11, 165): male, ���Hind[ostan]��� / ��� Bizone bianca type Walk.��� / ��� Bianca n.��� / ���Type��� / ���226��� / ���501��� / ���A. Walker���s type of Bizone bianca 7-1684��� / ���TYPE (printed) LEP.: No. 429 Bizone bianca Walker (handwritten) HOPE DEPT. OXFORD (printed)��� (Coll. OUMNH). Other material examined. MEGHALAYA: 1 ♂, India, Meghalaya, Dangar, 30.VIII.2014, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 2 ♀, NE India, W Meghalaya, Umran, 33 km N Shillong, 26��06���N, 92��23���E, 800 m, 14���23.VII.1997, leg. Sinjaev & Afonin, slide ZSM Arct. 2019 - 332 ♀ Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Diagnosis. Forewing length is 13���14 mm in males and 18���18.5 mm in females. Cyana bianca is most similar externally to C. juliettae (illustrated by Volynkin & Čern�� (2019b): fig. 2) and C. carmina (Figs 13, 14), but can be distinguished by the black outer margin of its antemedial line being arcuate, while in C. juliettae and C. carmina that is curved outwards at the anal wing margin. In addition, in C. bianca this margin is stronger curved at costa than that of C. carmina. In the male genital capsule, the valva apex is slightly broader than that of C. juliettae (illustrated by Volynkin & Čern�� (2019b): fig. 14) and C. carmina (Figs 166, 167). The vesica shape of C. bianca is most similar to that of C. carmina, but differs by its smaller dorsal medial diverticulum, narrower dorsal distal diverticulum covered with weaker spinules and granulation, larger apical diverticulum, smaller lateral diverticulum bearing narrower cluster of smaller spinules, and less granulated ventral distal diverticulum bearing smaller patch of spinules. The female genitalia of C. bianca are similar to those of C. carmina (Figs 239, 240), but differ by the longer apophyses anteriores and longer sclerotized anterior section of ductus bursae. Distribution. India (Meghalaya) (Walker 1856; Volynkin & Čern�� 2019b)., Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3672439, {"references":["Walker, F. (1856) List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 7. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 300 pp. [pp. 1509 - 1808]","Volynkin, A. V. & Cerny, K. (2019 b) On the correct identification of Cyana bianca (Walker, 1856), with description of a new species and notes on the taxonomy of the Cyana insularis (Draudt, 1914) species-group (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Ecologica Montenegrina, 21, 53 - 61. [https: // www. biotaxa. org / em / article / view / 51318]"]}

Cyana intercomma Čern��, 2009 (Figs 93���95, 201, 202, 266) Cyana intercomma Čern��, 2009, in Čern�� & Pinratana, 2009, Moths of Thailand, 6, Arctiidae: 51, Pl.10: figs 104a, 104b, genital pl. 1: figs 104f, 104v (Type locality: ���SW Thailand, Ranong-prov., Ranong, 380 m, 10��01���32������N, 98��40���13������E ���). Type material examined. Holotype: ♂, ���SW Thailand, Ranong-prov., Ranong, 380 m, 10��01���32������N, 98��40���13������E, 17, 20.XI.2006 leg. K. Čern�� ��� / ��� HOLOTYPE Cyana intercomma sp.n. Karel ČERN�� 2009 ��� (Coll. NHMUK). Paratypes: 22 ♂ and 2 ♀ from Thailand (Provinces of Ranong, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Saraburi, Chan- thaburi, Phangna and Betong) and Malaysia (Pahang State) listed by Čern�� & Pinratana (2009), slides AV3820 ♂, AV382 1 ♂ and AV3822 ♀ Volynkin (Colls CKC and NHMUK). Other material examined. JAMMU & KASHMIR: 1 ♂, Kashmir, Uri, 23.IX.13, leg. Devinderpal Singh (Coll. NZCZSI). Remark. Kirti & Singh (2015) illustrated genitalia of the male specimen from Jammu & Kashmir, while the adult figured belongs to C. chrysopeleia. Diagnosis. Forewing length is 11.5���12 mm in males and 14.5���15 mm in females. The male genitalia of the species are characterized by the presence of a subapical dentate ring in the aedeagus and the presence of a subbasal cluster of spinules in the aedeagus vesica. The detailed comparison of C. intercomma with C. atlanteia and C. chrysopeleia is provided above in the diagnoses of the both new species. Distribution. North West India (Jammu & Kashmir) (Kirti & Singh 2015), China (Yunnan Province), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Malay Peninsula (Čern�� & Pinratana 2009; Bucsek 2012; Kirti & Singh 2015; Bayarsaikhan & Bae 2016; Volynkin & Čern�� 2019a)., Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on pages 34-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3672439, {"references":["Cerny, K. & Pinratana, A. (2009) Moths of Thailand. Vol. 6. Arctiidae. Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, 283 pp.","Kirti, J. S. & Singh, N. (2015) Arctiid Moths of India. Vol. 1. Nature Books India, New Delhi, 205 pp.","Bucsek, K. (2012) Erebidae, Arctiinae (Lithosiini, Arctiini) of Malay Peninsula-Malaysia. Institute of Zoology SAS, Bratislava, 170 pp.","Bayarsaikhan, U. & Bae, Y. S. (2016) A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) from Cambodia, with description of new species. Zootaxa, 4114 (4), 447 - 463. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4114.4.5","Volynkin, A. V. & Cerny, K. (2019 a) Three new species of Cyana Walker, 1854 from Indochina and China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini). Zootaxa, 4586 (2), 338 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4586.2.8"]}

Cyana arorai Volynkin, N. Singh, Kirti & Datta, nom. nov. (Figs 15–19, 168, 169, 241, 242) = Chionaema tripunctata Rothschild, 1936, The Annals and magazine of natural history (10) 17: 487 (Type locality: “ Aberdeen, Andaman Islands”), nec. Reich, 1935. Type material examined. Holotype (by monotypy) (Fig. 17): ♀, handwritten label “ Aberdeen, Andamans” / hand- written label “ Chionaema tripunctata Type Rothsch.” / handwritten label “Nr. bianca, but has 3 spots” / printed label “Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939–1” / printed round label with a red circle “Type” / printed label with a unique identifier “NHMUK010402088” (Coll. NHMUK). Other material examined. THE ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS: 1 ♀, Andaman Isles ♀ / Moore Coll. 94–106, slide NHMUK010314603 Volynkin (Coll. NHMUK); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, India, M. Andaman, Karmatang, 1.5 km E, 12,5072°N, 92,5610°E, 17–22.VIII.2001, leg. Jan-Peter Rudloff, coll. Dr. R. Brechlin, slides MWM 33907 (♂), MWM 33908 (♀), MWM 35680 (♀) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♂, 4 ♀, India, S. Andaman, Port Blair—Mt. Harriet, 11,4321°N, 92,4403°E, 23–24.VIII.2001, leg. Jan-Peter Rudloff, coll. Dr. R. Brechlin, slides MWM 34601 (♂), MWM 34602 (♀) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, India, Andaman Islands, South Anda- man—Bambooflat (Rainfor.), 11°42’82”N, 092°42’02”E, 27–28.XI.2000, leg. J.P. Rudloff, slide MWM 35681 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, India, Andaman Isl., South Andaman, Wandoor, Port Blair, 1–2.III.1998, leg. A. Kamenev & V. Siniaev, ex coll. Dr. A. Schintlmeister, slide MWM 34564 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, South Andaman, Chidiyatapu, 29.XII.17, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI). Etymology. The replacement name is dedicated to G.S. Arora, author of the basic publication on the fauna of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Remark. The taxon tripunctata Reich, 1935 was described under the genus Lyclene. Here we transfer it to the genus Cyana and synonymize with C. detrita (see above). Thus, at present there are two Cyana taxa with the name tripunctata, so tripunctata Rothschild, 1936 becomes a junior secondary homonym of tripunctata Reich, 1935. Hence, we introduce the replacement name arorai nom. nov. for tripunctata Rothschild, 1936. Diagnosis. Forewing length is 12.5–15 mm in males and 17–18 mm in females. Cyana arorai is a polymorphic species, significantly variable in size. Cyana arorai is similar externally to C. carmina (Figs 13, 14), but differs by its arcuate antemedial line (that is oblique in C. carmina) and larger black discal spots. In females of C. arorai a third, posterior black spot may be developed (Figs 16, 17), what is unusual for the C. insularis group. The female genitalia of C. arorai are very similar to those of C. carmina (Figs 239, 240), but differ by the more heavily sclerotized cervix bursae having narrower longitudinal folds, and the lateral band-like signum being more weakly sclerotized subanteriorly with its anterior end strongly broadened. Distribution. Endemic of the Andaman Islands. The records of C. bianca (male) and C. coccinea (female) for the Andaman Islands (Hampson 1900; Draudt 1914; Arora 1983) belong to C. arorai.