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We present evidence favoring the use of (E )-pityol as an aggregation pheromone in Pityophthorus pubescens (Marsham). (E )-Pityol was detected in effluvia of male and female P. pubescens, and antennae of both sexes responded to (E )-( )-pityol in electroantennogram assays. In two-choice olfactometer tests, males significantly preferred (E )-( )-pityol and (E )-(9)-pityol to blank controls at doses of 1, 10, and 100 ng, whereas females only showed a preference for (E )-pityol at the 1 ng dose.

International audience; Carabid beetles were investigated at five different forest types in the Ibaizabal basin (northern Spain). The landscape is characterized by the presence of remnants of native forest surrounded by conifer plantations. * Carabids were trapped in 52 stands of mixed forest, beech forest, holm oak forest, mixed pine and Monterey pine plantations in 2005 and 2006. The main objectives of the study were: compare carabid diversity, recognise the characteristic species, and study the effects of ecological variables on carabid assemblages in the different forest types. * No significative differences in species abundance, richness and diversity were found among the studied forests. Most of the trapped beetles were identified as forest generalists, nevertheless some native and non-native forest specialist species were also found. Distribution of carabid communities overlapped and, except for beech forest, no specific communities were distinguished. Altitude, percentage of grass coverage and temperature were the main variables influencing species distribution. * The results suggest high habitat homogeneity, caused by regeneration in pine plantations of the indigenous understorey, and by poor habitat quality in native forest (patchy remnants enclosed in conifer plantations). This situation could explain the similar carabid diversity.; Les carabidés ont été étudiés dans cinq différents types de forêts dans le bassin Ibaizabal (nord de l'Espagne). Le paysage est caractérisé par la présence de vestiges de la forêt naturelle entourés par des plantations de conifères. * Les carabidés ont été piégés en 2005 et 2006, dans 52 peuplements de forêts mixtes, hêtraies, chênaies vertes, peuplement mélangé de pins et plantations de pins de Monterey. Les principaux objectifs de l'étude ont été : la comparaison de la diversité des carabidés, la reconnaissance des espèces caractéristiques, et l'étude des effets des variables écologiques sur les assemblages de carabidés dans les différents types de forêts. * Parmi les forêts étudiées, il n'a pas été mis en évidence de différences significatives pour ce qui concerne l'abondance des espèces, la richesse et la diversité. La plupart des coléoptères piégés ont été identifiés comme étant des généralistes des forêts, néanmoins certaines espèces autochtones et non autochtones des forêts ont également été trouvées. Les répartitions des communautés de carabidés se chevauchent et, à l'exception des hêtraies, aucune communauté spécifique n'a été distinguée. L'altitude, le pourcentage de couverture herbacée et la température ont été les principales variables qui ont influencé la répartition des espèces. * Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que la haute homogénéité de l'habitat est causée par la régénération d'un sous-bois d'espèces naturelles dans les plantations de pins, et par la mauvaise qualité de l'habitat dans la forêt naturelle (restes fragmentaires de forêts entourés par des plantations de conifères). Cette situation pourrait expliquer la diversité similaire des carabidés.

8 páginas, 3 figuras, 2 tablas., [ES] Los yacimientos cuaternarios de la Sierra de Atapuerca ofrecen interés mundial por haber hospedado varias especies de homínidos que vivieron en el último millón de años. En este contexto, durante la campaña de excavaciones de 2003 se realizó un muestreo puntual en algunos de sus yacimientos para obtener los primeros datos de restos de artrópodos que pudieran conservarse en los mismos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de ácaros subfósiles pertenecientes al suborden de los oribátidos (Acari, Oribatida). Después de procesar los sedimentos, se obtuvieron un total de 7 individuos en el conjunto de los yacimientos muestreados, de los cuales 6 aparecieron en Gran Dolina en un nivel con datación en torno a los 300.000 años. Los ejemplares, identificados en su mayoría a nivel taxonómico de especie, pertenecen a las familias Cosmochthoniidae, Scheloribatidae, Oribatulidae y Hemileiidae. Dado el conocimiento que se dispone de la biología de los taxones encontrados, que pertenecen a géneros y especies presentes en la actualidad, se han realizado inferencias sobre los ambientes pretéritos en que los animales vivieron., [EN] The Atapuerca Quaternarian sites are of worldwide interest due to the presence of human remains belonging to the last million years. The oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) found in several archaeological samples extracted from the Atapuerca Quaternarian deposits, have been analyzed during the 2003 excavation campaign to study the Palaeoentomology of the site. The oribatid mite fauna consists of 7 individuals, 6 of which were obtained from Gran Dolina site (about 300.000 years old) and belong to families Cosmochthoniidae, Scheloribatidae, Oribatulidae and Hemileiidae. Most of the taxa were identified to species level. The results obtained were used as a basis to reconstruct the paleo-environments of the site in correspondence with the biological and ecological preferences of the taxa., Las investigaciones entomológicas de Atapuerca se realizaron dentro del Proyecto BOS2003-08938-C03-02.

The Atapuerca Quaternarian sites are of worldwide interest due to the presence of human remains belonging to the last million years. The oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) found in several archaeological samples extracted from the Atapuerca Quaternarian deposits, have been analyzed during the 2003 excavation campaign to study the Palaeoentomology of the site. The oribatid mite fauna consists of 7 individuals, 6 of which were obtained from Gran Dolina site (about 300.000 years old) and belong to families Cosmochthoniidae, Scheloribatidae, Oribatulidae and Hemileiidae. Most of the taxa were identified to species level. The results obtained were used as a basis to reconstruct the paleo-environments of the site in correspondence with the biological and ecological preferences of the taxa. Los yacimientos cuaternarios de la Sierra de Atapuerca ofrecen interés mundial por haber hospedado varias especies de homínidos que vivieron en el último millón de años. En este contexto, durante la campaña de excavaciones de 2003 se realizó un muestreo puntual en algunos de sus yacimientos para obtener los primeros datos de restos de artrópodos que pudieran conservarse en los mismos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de ácaros subfósiles pertenecientes al suborden de los oribátidos (Acari, Oribatida). Después de procesar los sedimentos, se obtuvieron un total de 7 individuos en el conjunto de los yacimientos muestreados, de los cuales 6 aparecieron en Gran Dolina en un nivel con datación en torno a los 300.000 años. Los ejemplares, identificados en su mayoría a nivel taxonómico de especie, pertenecen a las familias Cosmochthoniidae, Scheloribatidae, Oribatulidae y Hemileiidae. Dado el conocimiento que se dispone de la biología de los taxones encontrados, que pertenecen a géneros y especies presentes en la actualidad, se han realizado inferencias sobre los ambientes pretéritos en que los animales vivieron.

This work is a study of the communities of oribatid mites in steppic areas of Burgos Province, central northern Spain, in relation to different habitat types belonging to natural or disturbed ecosystems. The primary objective was to find the relationship between anthropogenic use of land and several diversity indices. Parameters such as abundance, species richness, real diversity (H′) and equitability (J′) of the mite communities were calculated in 20 soil plots, sampled in spring and autumn 2000, belonging to the predominant habitat types of this area: (1) cultivated lands, (2) abandoned crop lands, (3) grasslands/pastures, and (4) natural oak forests or a pine plantation. The most widespread species in the area as well as the most abundant taxa overall are documented, together with the faunistic checklist of oribatid mites identified in the study. The results show a general decline in the composition of the oribatid community, in terms of species diversity and abundance, from non‐disturbed soils to cult...

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The genus Berniniella, belonging to the family Oppiidae (Acari: Oribatei), contains medium-sized species, ranging from 180 to 305 µm. We performed a biometrical study on the great morphological variation in Berniniella serratirostris, and the related species B. hauseri, B. rafalskii, B. coronata and B. coronata oscensis. Qualitative and quantitative data of the external morphology were obtained and statistically tested by means of discriminant analysis. We conclude that: DF-1 and DF-2, functions obtained from Discriminant Analysis, are useful tools to place species in the groups studied. Furthermore, Berniniella rafalskii should be considered as a “species inquirendum” and Berniniella coronata oscensis should be renamed as Berniniella hauseri oscensis.

We report a simple and cheap process for the synthesis of Si substituted LiMn2O4. The resulting materials are composed of partially sintered particles of 80 nm average size, corresponding to single crystalline phases with cubic spinel structures. The substitution of Mn(IV) with Si(IV) in the crystal framework changed the cell parameter and volume, and was confirmed by the evolution observed in the XPS and ESR measurements. A complete magnetic study was carried out. Due to the in-built magnetic frustration within the spinel structure and the competition between different exchange pathways, the insertion of different quantities of Si(IV) causes significant differences in the properties. The electrochemical study revealed that introducing a small amount of Si(IV) enhances the electrochemical performance of the spinel. The highest specific capacity and rate discharge capability were obtained for LiMn1.95Si0.05O4, while insertion of a higher amount of the tetravalent dopant caused deterioration of the electrochemical behavior.

In the proposal of the Master Plan for Soil Protection in the BAC presented to the Parliament in September 1994, three risk levels have been established. They are referred to as Indicative Values for Assessment A, B and C.

In this work, a new phase produced by controlled oxidation of a LiFePO4/C composite has been isolated and characterized. This new compound preserves mainly an olivine structure, but the complete oxidation of Fe is implied. A significant iron mis-site disorder and vacancy formation is proposed. The new phase demonstrated possession of different spectroscopic, magnetic and electrochemical properties from triphilite–heterosite. AC and DC magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements showed that the new phase presented spin-glass behavior. Electrochemical cycling showed that the new phase reacted at 2.5 V, which is a different potential to the heterositeversus a Li anode. Moreover, it provoked reversion to the triphilite–heterosite system, although a fraction of the material remained as the oxidized phase.

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This report summarizes the results of a study of the taxonomy and ecology of the soil oribatid mites inhabiting 19 ecosystems of Biscay (Basque Country, N. Spain) (7), related to relationships between fauna and environment. The selection of the sites was made according to the vegetation diversity of the region and physico-chemical soil types, in order to obtain the highest faunal diversity. For more exact information about taxonomy or ecology see papers detailed inReferences.

Covalently crosslinked semi-crystalline polyalkenamer-based shape memory polymers (SMPs) were prepared and characterized. Thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of thermo-sensitive polymers manufactured by melt compounding were investigated, and shape memory features demonstrated. For remote activation of shape recovery properties, electromagnetic inductive heating of a series of iron-based ferromagnetic microparticles was evaluated for subsequent incorporation into a shape memory polymeric matrix. The inductive heating capacity of micro-sized iron-filled polyalkenamers with different volume fraction contents was optimized and a comparison of thermo-mechanical properties of filled and unfilled shape memory polymeric networks was performed. Electromagnetically triggered shape memory properties of easily formed composites were documented and shape memory recovery rates comparable to those obtained by conventional heating methods were demonstrated for further research and design of new types of applications.