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206. Step-Defined Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-Aged Japanese: The National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006.

Author

Inoue, Shigeru, Ohya, Yumiko, Tudor-Locke, Catrine, Yoshiike, Nobuo, and Shimomitsu, Teruichi

Subjects
PHYSICAL activity, JAPANESE people, HEALTH of middle-aged persons, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, PEDOMETERS, SURVEYS, HEALTH
Abstract

Background: Pedometers are becoming widely accepted for physical activity measurement. To use step data effectively, an index which categorizes steps/day by < 5000, > 5000, > 7500, > 10,000, and > 12,500 steps/ day has been previously proposed. However, evidence is insufficient to validate this index compared with health outcomes. This study examined the association of steps/day categories with cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006, including 1166 men and 1453 women aged 40-64 years, were analyzed to calculate odds ratios (OR) for having CVD risk including overweight/obesity, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin Ale, and clustered risk factors by steps/day categories. Results: Among men, inverse gradient associations between steps/day categories and CVD risk (overweight/obesity, blood pressure, HbAlc, and clustered risk factors) were observed. Among women, those taking > 5000 steps/day had substantially lower risk of overweight/ obesity and high blood pressure compared with those taking < 5000 steps/day. However, additional decreases of OR by taking more steps were modest among women. Conclusions: CVD risk was generally lower with higher steps/day categories. Given the limitations of cross-sectional design, further studies, especially using longitudinal designs, are needed to precisely calibrate the association between steps/day and CVD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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207. Differences in Association of Walking for Recreation and for Transport With Maximum Walking Speed in an Elderly Japanese Community Population.

Author

Kamada, Masamitsu, Kitayuguchi, Jun, Shiwaku, Kuninori, Inoue, Shigeru, Okada, Shimpei, and Mutoh, Yoshiteru

Subjects
WALKING, RECREATION, OLDER people, LINEAR statistical models, CHRONIC diseases
Abstract

Background: Physical activity contributes to maintaining functional ability later in life. Specific relationships between walking for particular purposes (eg, recreation or transport) and functional ability are not clear. It is useful for planning health promotion strategies to clarify whether walking time for recreation, or walking time for transport has the stronger relationship with maximum walking speed (MWS), a determinant of functional ability later in life in the elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2007 using a sample of 372 community-dwelling elderly people aged 60 to 87 years in Mitoya Town, Unnan City, rural Japan. Associations with MWS were examined for self-reported weekly times of walking for recreation and for transport using multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Both in men and women, walking time for recreation was significantly associated with MWS after controlling for age, height, weight, hip and knee pain, and a number of chronic diseases (men: β = 0.18, P = .024; women: β = 0.17, P < .01). However, walking time for transport was not significantly associated with MWS (men: β = -0.094, P = .24; women: β = -0.040, P = .50). Conclusions: Walking for recreation may contribute to maintaining functional abilities such as MWS in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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210. Results from the Japan 2016 report card on physical activity for children and youth

Author

Tanaka, Chiaki, Tanaka, Shigeho, Inoue, Shigeru, Miyachi, Motohiko, Suzuki, Koya, and Reilly, John J.

Subjects
RA0421, RJ101, GV
Abstract

Background: The Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth aims to consolidate existing evidence, encourage more evidence-informed physical activity, and improve surveillance of physical activity. Methods: Application of Canada and Scotland Report Card methodology to Japan, adapted to Japanese circumstances and availability of data, and based on nationally representative surveys. Results: The 2016 Japan Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth consists of Health Behaviors and Outcomes (7 indicators); and Influences on Health Behaviors (4 indicators). Three Health Behaviors and Outcomes received C grades (Participation in Sport; Sedentary Behavior; Recreational Screen Time; Physical Fitness), while two indicators could not be graded (Overall Physical Activity, and Active Play). The indicators Active Transportation (B) and Weight Status were favorable (A). In the Influences domain, Family Influence and Community and the Built Environment were graded as D, while the School & Childcare Settings and the Government Strategies and Investments were favorable (B). Conclusions: The Japan report card illustrated some favorable health behaviors, health outcomes, and influences. There is a need for more evidence especially on overall physical activity, active play, and community and the built environment.

Published
2016

211. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health

Author

Kohl, Harold W., Craig, Cora L., Lambert, Estelle V., Inoue, Shigeru, Alkandari, Jasem R., Leetongin, Grit, Kahlmeier, Sonja, Andersen, Lars Bo, Bauman, Adrian, Blair, Steven N., Brownson, Ross C., Bull, Fiona C., Ekelund, Ulf, Goenka, Shifalika, Guthold, Regina, Hallal, Pedro C., Haskell, William L., Heath, Gregory W., Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Lee, I. Min, Lobelo, Felipe, Loos, Ruth J. F., Marcus, Bess, Martin, Brian W., Owen, Neville, Parra, Diana C., Pratt, Michael, Puska, Pekka, Ogilvie, David, Reis, Rodrigo, Sallis, James F., Sarmiento, Olga, and Wells, Jonathan C.

Subjects
Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Motor Activity, Global Health, Development economics, Global health, Humans, Medicine, Social Change, Exercise, Health Education, Health policy, business.industry, Public health, General Medicine, Non-communicable disease, medicine.disease, Training and development, Health promotion, Sedentary Lifestyle, World Health, Workforce, Health education, Public Health, Sedentary Behavior, business
Abstract

Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. We summarise present global efforts to counteract this problem and point the way forward to address the pandemic of physical inactivity. Although evidence for the benefits of physical activity for health has been available since the 1950s, promotion to improve the health of populations has lagged in relation to the available evidence and has only recently developed an identifiable infrastructure, including efforts in planning, policy, leadership and advocacy, workforce training and development, and monitoring and surveillance. The reasons for this late start are myriad, multifactorial, and complex. This infrastructure should continue to be formed, intersectoral approaches are essential to advance, and advocacy remains a key pillar. Although there is a need to build global capacity based on the present foundations, a systems approach that focuses on populations and the complex interactions among the correlates of physical inactivity, rather than solely a behavioural science approach focusing on individuals, is the way forward to increase physical activity worldwide.

Published
2012
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212. PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION MEASURED WITH URINARY ANTIBODY IN AN URBAN AREA OF JAPAN, 2008–2010

Author

TAMURA, TAKASHI, MORITA, EMI, KONDO, TAKAAKI, UEYAMA, JUN, TANAKA, TETSUYA, KIDA, YUTO, HORI, YOKO, INOUE, SHIGERU, TOMITA, KOUTARO, OKADA, RIEKO, KAWAI, SAYO, HISHIDA, ASAHI, NAITO, MARIKO, WAKAI, KENJI, and HAMAJIMA, NOBUYUKI

Subjects
Helicobacter pylori, Nagoya, Prevalence, Eradication
Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has expanded to infect about half the world’s population. Although there were many studies on the prevalence of H. pylori infection for defined areas in the 1990s throughout the world, there were only limited sources tracking its latest prevalence among large populations. In the present study, we estimated the prevalence of H. pylori among the inhabitants of Nagoya, an urban area of Japan. Study subjects were 5,167 participants (1,467 males and 3,700 females) aged 35 to 69 years from the Daiko Study, a part of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study (J-MICC Study). A urinary anti-H. pylori antibody was used to detect H. pylori infection. The history of eradication treatments for H. pylori infection was obtained using self-administered questionnaires. The prevalence detected by the urinary test included 19.6% (95% confidence interval; 16.8–22.6%) for those aged 35–39 years, 25.8% (23.5–28.2%) for 40–49 years, 39.4% (36.8–42.1%) for 50–59 years, 50.3% (47.8–52.7%) for 60–69 years, and 36.4% (35.1–37.7%). Among 5,167 participants, 266 (5.1%) stated that they had received an eradication treatment. Since 167 subjects with negative urinary tests replied that they had been seropositive for H. pylori in the past, they were included among the ever-infected inhabitant group. Consequently, the overall rate of those with a history of persistent infection was 39.6% (38.3–40.9%). The prevalence of H. pylori infection observed in Nagoya seemed to be lower than the corresponding prevalence reported in other studies of Japan. That lower rate might be due to the reduced exposure from improved urban sanitary conditions.

Published
2012

214. IMPROVEMENTS IN HELICOBACTER PYLORI ERADICATION RATES THROUGH CLINICAL CYP2C19 GENOTYPING

Author

TAMURA, TAKASHI, KURATA, MIO, INOUE, SHIGERU, KONDO, TAKAAKI, GOTO, YASUYUKI, KAMIYA, YOSHIKAZU, KAWAI, SAYO, and HAMAJIMA, NOBUYUKI

Subjects
Helicobacter pylori, macromolecular substances, Eradication rate, CYP2C19 genotype, Proton pump inhibitor
Abstract

Lansoprazole (LPZ), amoxicillin (AMPC) and clarithromycin (CAM) are commonly used drugs (LAC regimen) for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication, but the eradication rate with this regimen was reported to be 70% to 90%. A few studies have reported that a successful eradication was associated with the CYP2C19 genotype, which influences the metabolism of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) including LPZ. This study examined the changes in the H. pylori eradication rates between the periods before and after the commencement of a routine genetic test for CYP2C19 at the Daiko Medical Center in Nagoya, Japan, in November, 2005. Subjects were patients who visited the Center during the period from June, 2004 to August, 2010. The patients were classified into three groups according to their CYP2C19 genotype: rapid metabolizers (RM) with a *1*1 genotype, intermediate metabolizers (IM) with a *1*2 or *1*3 genotype, and poor metabolizers (PM) with a *2*2, *2*3, or *3*3 genotype. Non-rapid metabolizers (IM and PM) were basically treated with a LAC regimen, while RMs were treated with a RAM regimen (rabeprazole, AMPC, and metronidazole). The eradication rate was 80.0% (n=90) for the period without the genetic testing and 88.7% (n=124) for the period with the genetic testing (χ2=3.11, p=0.078). The age-sex adjusted odds ratio of eradication success was 2.29 (95% confidence interval, 0.99–5.28, p=0.051) for the latter period relative to the former period among those less than 70 years of age. Those results suggested that the routine genetic test which allows a choice of the RAM regimen for RM improved the eradication rate.

Published
2011

218. Comparability of activity monitors used in Asian and Western-country studies for assessing free-living sedentary behaviour

Author

Kurita, Satoshi, primary, Yano, Shohei, additional, Ishii, Kaori, additional, Shibata, Ai, additional, Sasai, Hiroyuki, additional, Nakata, Yoshio, additional, Fukushima, Noritoshi, additional, Inoue, Shigeru, additional, Tanaka, Shigeho, additional, Sugiyama, Takemi, additional, Owen, Neville, additional, and Oka, Koichiro, additional

Published
2017
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231. Smooth muscle immaturity in the carotid arterial neointima as a prognostic marker for systemic atherogenic cardiovascular events in the Asian male

Author

Hashimoto, Hirotsugu, Kurata, Atsushi, Nashiro, Tamaki, Inoue, Shigeru, Ushijima, Tomonori, Fujita, Koji, Kimura, Toshikazu, Kawai, Kensuke, Horiuchi, Hajime, and Kuroda, Masahiko

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Atherosclerosis, Immunohistochemistry, Actins, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Carotid Arteries, Asian People, Risk Factors, Neointima, Humans, Original Article, Calmodulin-Binding Proteins, Carotid Stenosis, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Aged
Abstract

Although immaturity of neointimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in coronary arteries has recently been demonstrated to be associated with acute coronary syndrome, the carotid arterial counterpart has not been investigated. We hypothesized that the same investigation of carotid endarterectomy specimens might contribute to living patients. Carotid endarterectomy specimens from 33 Asian males who underwent a 5-year follow-up were examined. Age, atherosclerotic risk factors, and percentage stenosis were investigated. Histologically, the fibrous cap/lipid core ratio was measured. Maturation of SMCs was assessed by the h-caldesmon/smooth muscle actin (SMA) ratio by immunohistochemistry in 3 different regions (luminal, medial, and opposite side of lipid core) in the neointima. Associations of these factors with preoperative symptoms along with postoperative systemic atherogenic cardiovascular events were analyzed. It was revealed that fibrous cap/lipid core ratio was significantly lower in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients, while the h-caldesmon/SMA ratio was significantly lower in patients with than without postoperative systemic atherogenic cardiovascular events by the Student’s t-test (P

Published
2015

233. Intramucosal colorectal carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion: clinicopathological characteristics of nine cases.

Author

Usui, Genki, Masuda, Yoshio, Morikawa, Teppei, Hashimoto, Hirotsugu, Horiuchi, Hajime, Okuyama, Rikiya, Kurata, Atsushi, Kuroda, Masahiko, Kikuchi, Hiroyuki, Inoue, Shigeru, Furushima, Kaoru, Harihara, Yasushi, and Matsuhashi, Nobuyuki

Subjects
COLON cancer, TUMOR budding, LYMPHATIC metastasis, CYTOPLASM, INFLAMMATION
Abstract

Aims: Recent studies have provided the concept of invasive intramucosal colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and a case of intramucosal CRC with lymphatic invasion has been reported; however, the characteristics of such cases and the risk of lymph node metastasis have never been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to assess the pathological characteristics of intramucosal CRCs with lymphovascular invasion as well as the possibility of lymph node metastasis as an indication for additional surgery. Methods and results: To delineate the histological features of intramucosal CRCs with lymphovascular invasion, we analysed several histological features and compared their incidence among nine such cases, as well as 20 other cases of intramucosal CRCs without lymphovascular invasion. High‐grade tumour budding and a pattern of 'eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei with inflammatory reaction (ERI)' were morphological characteristics of intramucosal CRCs with lymphovascular invasion, compared with those without lymphovascular invasion (both P < 0.05). Among the seven lymph node‐dissected cases of intramucosal CRCs with lymphovascular invasion, none showed lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: In intramucosal CRCs with lymphovascular invasion, high‐grade tumour budding and the 'ERI' pattern are morphological characteristics that are distinct from those of non‐invasive CRC, which is synonymous with high‐grade dysplasia. Further studies using a larger number of cases by focusing on the above‐mentioned histological pattern are expected to clarify the potential of lymph node metastasis of such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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241. Complications of Distal Radius Fractures Treated by Volar Locking Plate Fixation

Author

Satake, Hiroshi, primary, Hanaka, Naomi, additional, Honma, Ryusuke, additional, Watanabe, Tadayoshi, additional, Inoue, Shigeru, additional, Kanauchi, Yumiko, additional, Kato, Yoshihiro, additional, Nakajima, Taku, additional, Sato, Daisuke, additional, Eto, Jun, additional, Maruyama, Masahiro, additional, Naganuma, Yasushi, additional, Sasaki, Junya, additional, Toyono, Shuji, additional, Harada, Mikio, additional, Ishigaki, Daisuke, additional, Takahara, Masatoshi, additional, and Takagi, Michiaki, additional

Published
2016
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242. Progress in physical activity over the Olympic quadrennium

Author

Sallis, James F, primary, Bull, Fiona, additional, Guthold, Regina, additional, Heath, Gregory W, additional, Inoue, Shigeru, additional, Kelly, Paul, additional, Oyeyemi, Adewale L, additional, Perez, Lilian G, additional, Richards, Justin, additional, and Hallal, Pedro C, additional

Published
2016
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247. An HIV-infected Pregnant Woman Treated with the Long-term Administration of Antiretroviral Therapy Including Raltegravir

Author

Yaita, Kenichiro, primary, Inoue, Shigeru, additional, Horinouchi, Takashi, additional, Kinoshita, Masahiro, additional, Unno, Mitsuaki, additional, Iwata, Osuke, additional, Tanaka, Yuhei, additional, Gotoh, Kenji, additional, Ishibashi, Mikio, additional, Sakai, Yoshiro, additional, Masunaga, Kenji, additional, Watanabe, Hiroshi, additional, and Tominaga, Masaki, additional

Published
2016
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250. Community-wide intervention and population-level physical activity: a 5-year cluster randomized trial.

Author

Kamada, Masamitsu, Kitayuguchi, Jun, Abe, Takafumi, Taguri, Masataka, Inoue, Shigeru, Ishikawa, Yoshiki, Bauman, Adrian, Lee, I-Min, Miyachi, Motohiko, and Kawachi, Ichiro

Abstract

Background: Evidence from a limited number of short-term trials indicates the difficulty in achieving population-level improvements in physical activity (PA) through community-wide interventions (CWIs). We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a 5-year CWI for promoting PA in middle-aged and older adults using a cluster randomized design.Methods: We randomized 12 communities in Unnan, Japan, to either intervention (9) or control (3). Additionally, intervention communities were randomly allocated to three subgroups by different PA types promoted. Randomly sampled residents aged 40-79 years responded to the baseline survey (n = 4414; 74%) and were followed at 1, 3 and 5 years (78-83% response rate). The intervention was a 5-year CWI using social marketing to promote PA. The primary outcome was a change in recommended levels of PA.Results: Compared with control communities, adults achieving recommended levels of PA increased in intervention communities [adjusted change difference = 4.6 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 8.8)]. The intervention was effective for promoting all types of recommended PAs, i.e. aerobic (walking, 6.4%), flexibility (6.1%) and muscle-strengthening activities (5.7%). However, a bundled approach, which attempted to promote all forms of PAs above simultaneously, was not effective (1.3-3.4%, P ≥ 0.138). Linear dose-response relationships between the CWI awareness and changes in PA were observed (P ≤ 0.02). Pain intensity decreased in shoulder (intervention and control) and lower back (intervention only) but there was little change difference in all musculoskeletal pain outcomes between the groups.Conclusions: The 5-year CWI using the focused social marketing strategy increased the population-level of PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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