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ABSTRACT. The amount of cheating and plagiarism on college campuses has become an increasingly important topic. The usual policy prescription to this type of problem is to step up monitoring efforts. However, this is difficult and costly. An alternative strategy is to substitute tougher and consistent sanctions for cheating and plagiarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the character of Gnesippus in the Athenian comedy. Identification of mimic elements in the texts; Word used as a slighting description of display-oratory in the Gorgianic or Thrasmachean style; Term that refers to a collection of epigrammatic pieces of humorous character.

The question of imitation moves from an open and obvious phase, the phase of Classicism, during which the models from antiquity were imitated with pride and with a conscious desire to set fixed and codified models for compositions, following norms for distinction in well-defined genres, to the period of Romanticism, during which the concept of the work's uniqueness predominated, and the work was seen as the link between God and the world. During the twentieth century the attitude towards plagiarism changed again: in our century the question of artistic originality becomes anxiety-provoking and the relationship with tradition becomes competitive. The heavy weight of tradition creates in the writer a desire to exorcise in some way the fear of the death of creative originality and gives rise to the playful, demystifying re-presentation of previous works, in an attempt to desecrate genres and precursors, re-creating them overtly and covertly at the same time. Thus plagiarism transforms itself into a new creative force, in which tradition is no longer imitated in a subservient, nor a reverential fashion, nor in the sense of the subdivision of pre-established genres. Plagiarism becomes instead a challenge on the same grounds of the canonical authors, demonstrating in this manner a strong capacity to capture the essence of the author's own language (a link to the new emphasis on the act of reading). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stresses the significance of developing and comparatively evaluate the use of plagiarism detection programs in schools in the U.S. Discussion of the primary functions of plagiarism detection programs and what they do not do; Reference to some popular plagiarism detection programs available in the market; Observations from the experience of Winston-Salem, North carolina-based Wake Forest University's pilot evaluation of two of the best plagiarism detection programs.

Proposes the idea of an academic laboratory of fake. Acknowledgement of the importance of forgery for the development of cultural studies; Difference between sanctioned imitative strategies and non-sanctioned ones; Politics of fake.

The article focuses on the depiction of colonization by both European settlers and Native Americans in the work of William Faulkner. The Indian co-optation of the culture of ownership endorsed by the European colonizers in the "Wilderness" stories is considered. The author provides a reading of the story "Lo!," using Homi K. Bhabha's theory of mimicry. A brief thematic overview of "Lo!," is provided. The impact of ownership of European possessions on Faulkner's Indians is considered. Faulkner's "A Justice," and "A Courtship," are also discussed.

Discusses William Shakespeare's borrowing of accounts in Ludovico Ariosto's 'Orlando Furioso' which were not in Giraldo Cinthio's 'Hecatommithi' for his play 'Othello.' Occasions on which Shakespeare echoes Ariosto's words and phrases; Imitation of the rhythm and verse-form of 'Orlando Furioso.'

Investigates whether plagiarism may occur inadvertently if one has implicit memory for previously seen material. Occurrence of inadvertent repetition for both real and fictitious exemplars; Illustration of materials and procedures used in the experiment; Initial and final generation responses that contained the key letter combinations.

Examines an unpublished fragment of Middle English verse on King Harold, written in imitation of John Lydgate's `Verses on the Kings of England.' Inclusion of the fragment in the British Library Manuscript Cotton Julius B.xii; Highlights of the manuscript; Significance of the find for people's sense of Lydgate's repute during the later years of the 15th century.

Focuses on the use of imitation as a narrative device. Benefits derived from an imitative episode to narrators and audiences; Significance of imitation in learning human behavior; Explanation on narrative and didactic value of imitation tales; Classification of imitative episodes; Variation of imitative episode themes; Effects of narrative device.

Discusses the extent of Arthur Murphy's borrowings from a 'Rambler' essay written by Samuel Johnson in the 1750s. Johnson's anonymous publication of 'Miscellaneous Observations on the Tragedy of Macbeth; Murphy's observations on the same play in the November 17, 1753 issue of the 'Gray's Inn Journal'; Murphy's apology to Johnson for having unknowingly printed the latter's essay in his periodical publication.

The article focuses on the notion of imitation in painting and poetry. It discusses the commonalities between painting and poetry. It examines the paintings "The Conversion of St. Paul" by Michaelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio and "Self-Portrait as the Apostle Paul," by Rembrandt. It comments on the concept of mimesis, the attempt of art and literature to find truth, and the impact of desconstructive literature on art and literary criticism.

Discusses the importance of originality, imitation, translation and plagiarism in relation to the notions of textuality in manuscripts. Analysis of the poem 'Il Filostrato,' by Geoffrey Chaucer; Description of translation.

Examines the ideas of Montaigne which Laurence Sterne used in his book 'Tristram Shandy'. Discussion on the theory of the character of Walter Shandy which is similar to Montaigne's; Extension of Montaigne's metaphor of knowledge by Tristram; Information on the algebraic symbol common in Montaigne and Tristram.

The article focuses on the literary writing style of a novelist Laurence Sterne. A true imitator does much more than simply spatchcock other texts into his own, or dutifully give a foreign idea an agreeable turn: other men's thoughts are not a supplement to his own but the very means by which his own thought takes place. At its most utilitarian Sterne's borrowing on his hero's behalf is merely a way of finding convenient sources of recondite information with which to ornament a theme like love, education, or death. These days it is usual to concentrate on his originality, his contempt for rules, his debunking of conventions, his readiness to experiment with the novel-form, in short his modernism. By contrast, those critics who have studied the texts and methods he used to supplement his originality have tended to conclude that he had an old-fashioned taste for literature and wit and that what is odd about him is what is out of date. The imitative component in hobbyhorses is what makes them such apt instruments for character-drawing because it exhibits what the character wishes to present of himself and it also is the means of turning his inside outward.

In this article the authors analyze the disagreement between editors and teachers on the definition of plagiarism. Existing policies and viewpoints on plagiarism in many schools are outdated, and the news media tend to perceive plagiarism according to their own situations. During their research the authors found that many schools either had no written policies on plagiarism or no mention was made of them by the educators. A large number of the editors agreed that passing off another's story as one's own is plagiarism, and the majority of educators or their school policies expressed a similar stance.

Interviews James L. Kinneavy, professor of English at the University of Texas in Austin, regarding rhetoric. Reason behind the decision to seek a taxonomy of discourse; Purpose for writing the book "A Theory of Discourse"; View on the role of imitation in composition pedagogy.

The author focuses on a genre of brief entertainments given in the real landscape for Queen Elizabeth I of England and relates it to the book "Hypnerotomachia Poliphili." He concentrates on one that was performed contemporaneously with the publication of the book "The Strife of Love in a Dreame." He draws on the wider sense that restricting the quest for cultural influences on early modern England to direct quotation and imitation runs the risk of missing the point. The author suggests that the representation of power in the sub-genre of landscape entertainments presented to Queen Elizabeth on her state Progresses can be understood by analogy with "The Strife of Love in a Dreame."

The article examines the Bonapartist commission to Canova for a portrait of the emperor's mother, Letizia Ramolino Bonaparte, as a sculpture with a subversive political subtext. It mentions that knowledge of the ancient Roman historians Suetonius and Tacitus essential to the success of Canova's subversion for immediate understanding of the statue's referent rendered Madame Mere either ambiguous or negative as an exaltation of the contemporary Imperial family. It emphasizes that the formal reliance of the pose of Canova's "Madame Mere" on the so-called "Capitoline Agrippina" initially led to charges of plagiarism, above all in France.

Looks at the imitation and sublimation in the poem "La Cerise," by Rémy Belleau. Information on the capitoli Italian tradition to which the interest of Belleau in the celebration of humble objects is connected; Poems of Giovanni Mauro of which "La Cerise" is a close imitation; Phallus signs in the poem.

This article asserts that in a recent article, critic Paul Hartle has examined the extent and nature of writer Daniel Defoe's plagiarism in his account of the Peak District in his Tour, with particular reference to his main source, "The Wonders of the Peake." There are three occasions when Defoe is known to have been in Derbyshire; but on only one of these did he really enter the Peak District. Clearly he must have been accompanying his father on his journey a month or two earlier; and curious zigzags in the earlier part of the journey suggest that Defoe was picking up other students enroute.

The article examines the work of the poet Henry King. W. Frazer Mitchell in his influential pioneering work of 1932, "Pulpit Oratory of the Seventeenth Century," dismissed the sermons of the poet Henry King (1592-1669), later Bishop of Chichester, as a pale imitation of John Donne. Mitchell's suggestion of plagiarism obscures the much more interesting fact that Henry King is deliberately developing a dialogue with Donne here on his earlier interpretation of their text. Many of King's images and examples are the same as Donne's, though he may develop them in a different direction.

The article presents quotation contexts on Intentionality and Intensionality. Intensionality, referential opacity, or substitution failure salve veritable of extensionally combinative terms or logically equivalent sentences would be an ideal criterion of intentionality, establishing a perfect correspondence between intensionality in the linguistic mode and intentionality in the ontological mode. There is significant convergence of intensionality and intentionality in propositional attitude and other distinctively psychological contexts. But unfortunately there are also intensional linguistic contexts.

Discusses the question of the extent of Bernardino Daniello's plagiarism of Trifone Gabriele's unpublished "Annotazioni nel Dante fatte con messer Trifone in Bassano." Undeniable fact that many of the ideas Daniello took from Gabriele stem from personal contact; Historical background on the practice among Renaissance writers of identifying oneself with a classical writer, assuming a classical persona or addressing someone else with the name of an author from antiquity; Implications on literary studies.

Analyzes the mimicry of child readers and writers. Mimicry as a technique of camouflage practiced in human warfare; Need to avoid the tired Romantic tale of wise child philosophers in order to tell the story of juvenile passage from infans to forked tongue, the being who moves easily among multiple languages.

An essay is presented which discusses the alien history of composition. It argues the potential of some ancient writing instruction to promote the need to make composition studies responsive to audiences with cultural diversity. It motivates readers to reject the alienated feelings that emerge from imitated composition's history.

Discusses the Japanese concept of theater. Issues associated with dramatic art; Relationship between life and drama; Nature of imitation in drama; Structure of Japanese drama.

Focuses on author Ralph Waldo Emerson's lectures which demonstrates proper mode of invention and imitation. Attention to a catalogue of curtly stated proverbs and scientific maxims; Information on proverbs of nations which comprise a natural language providing common men with access to moral truth; Indication of structural features associated with proverbs and variety of sources necessary for true invention.

Provides evidence of the textual borrowing of Edgar Allan Poe from Horace Binney Wallace's literary works. Examples of textual borrowings in Poe's 'Marginalia'; Comparison of the language used by Poe and Wallace in their literary works.

Presents some notes and queries related to American literature. Criticism of the novel 'Moby Dick,' by Herman Melville; Bibliography of the literary borrowings of Henry David Thoreau in his book 'A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers.'