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The notion of compensation generates criticism, especially in the U.S. around unpaid internships in particular -- the country's principal form of work-integrated learning (WIL). The distinction between unpaid and paid internships remains understudied and therefore, serves as the primary motivator to compare students' perceptions of unpaid and paid WIL experiences, using a large U.S. data set. The purpose of this study is to compare interns' perceptions of unpaid and paid experiences to gain a better understanding of how these experiences frame interns' supervisory support interactions, perceptions of advancement opportunities, career confirmation, and conversion intentions. The study is U.S. centric, surveying students who had recently completed their internships. Results indicated that regardless of pay (i.e., paid vs. unpaid), interns had similar expectations regarding supervisory support, career confirmation, and conversion intentions. Hence, confirming that both unpaid and paid internships provide a strong platform for students to obtain the support they need to launch their future careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to examine how faculty members of a preservice teacher education programme perceived their role as a supervisor in teaching practice and the challenges they encountered in this process. All the supervisors believed their primary role was to facilitate theory-practice connections in their interns' teaching. To develop a deeper understanding of their learners and becoming a better human being in the process along with developing their pedagogical skills was the larger purpose of a supervision. Their role went beyond just providing academic support, they had to be their interns' emotional support system. Helping interns cope with the pressures of work, and socialising them into the community of practitioners was an important role that they had to fulfil even though it was not delineated in the official document of the programme. Among the several challenges faced during supervision, they considered providing individual attention to interns while dealing with a large group, intern diversity and assessment related issues as some of the important challenging of their task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nine professional school counselors (PSCs) and eight school counseling interns in training (SCIT) participated in semi‐structured interviews to explore their understanding and awareness of socioeconomic constructs that influence a range of social, emotional, and academic outcomes for youth. Findings suggest that participants in both groups displayed advanced cognitive complexity of constructs, more SCIT focused on the micro‐level of economic stability, and more PSCs described the constructs through their experience with examples. The authors recommend that counselor educators and supervisors develop competencies to support advanced training and continuing education to increase clarity, awareness, and understanding of socioeconomic constructs that are impacting youth clients. The authors include future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Financial literacy refers to knowledge and skills related to effective and informed money management decisions. Healthcare professionals graduate with some of the highest student loan debt level. They complete their graduation with minimal unbiased financial planning guidance. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of seminar based approach on the level of financial literacy among dental students of Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in Vadodara, Gujarat, India from May 2021 to October 2021. The data was collected from 332 participants through a closed ended questionnaire which included 83 statements related to banking, alternate banking, investment and income and expenditure. The data was assessed using Paired t test to assess the effectiveness of financial education seminar at 95% confidence level. The software used was IBM Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) Version 21.0 for Windows. Results: This study included 332 interns and postgraduate students, of which 209 participants were female while 123 participants were male. There was a significant difference in the knowledge of students on various financial aspects covered in the study before and after the seminar with respect to gender, age and category of students (p-value<0.05). There was a significant difference in the knowledge of participants before and after the seminar on financial literacy (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: The result shows that the score of the participants improved after the 90 minutes seminar which will helpful to them for their future long-term investment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, over the last decade, more non-physician medical professionals have been participating in birth care according to recent federal regulations. So far, very few sites have been able to implement birth care models where midwives and obstetric nurses participate. We describe the experience of a group of intern obstetric nurses participating in a model that provides respectful birth care to rural populations, managed by an international NGO in partnership with the Ministry of Health of Chiapas, Mexico. We conducted a case study including individual interviews and focus group discussions with obstetric nurse interns participating in the Compañeros En Salud programme over four years from 2016 to 2019. We applied targeted content analysis to the qualitative data. There were 28 participants from 4 groups of interns. Informants expressed their opinions in four areas: (a) training as a LEO, (b) training experience at CES, (c) LEO role in health care delivery; and (d) LEOs' perspectives about respectful maternity care. Interns identified gaps in their training including a higher load of theoretical content vs practical experience, as well as little supervision of clinical care in public hospitals. Their adaptation to the health services model has increased over time, and recent classes acknowledge the difficulties that earlier ones had to confront, including the challenging interactions with hospital staff. Interns have incorporated the value of respectful birth care and their role to protect this right in rural populations. Findings could be useful to call for the expansion of the model in public birth centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of supervision is supported in the research literature. Site supervision in school counseling does not require formal training. The absence of formal training has potential implications for the novice school counselor, the P-12 students they serve, and future school counseling supervisees. The authors compare current training models and explore best practices to improve site supervision for school counseling interns. accreditation, ethics, and current needs in school counseling for the school counselor intern and the site supervisor. Finally, the authors review supervision training and models, accreditation, ethics, and current needs for the school counselor intern and the site supervisor, including a recommendation for a school supervisory endorsement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study explored EFL pre-service teachers' and interns' expectations and satisfaction of their overseas practicum. The data was collected from in-depth interviews with five fourth-year students in a regional university in Viet Nam, who participated in their international practicum in Thailand. Analyzed on the basis of a conceptual framework of personal, supervising, professional, and contextual elements, the results showed three distinctive patterns: (1) high expectations - high satisfaction, (2) medium expectations - high satisfaction, and (3) medium expectations - medium satisfaction. The findings also indicated various influential factors for each pattern such as confidence, creativity, supervision, mentors' manners, and expectation (mis)match. The research results highlighted three significant emergent issues: the role of personal element, the impact of the supervisor, and the importance of practicum work-load. The study suggested practical implications for EFL trainee teachers, EFL teacher trainers, and practicum organizers and administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Choosing a future career path is a very important decision for undergraduate medical students. Determining the factors that affect specialty choices is essential to attaining a balanced distribution. Dermatology is known to be one of the most appealing and highly competitive specialties. The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the choice of dermatology as a future career by medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 28 medical schools throughout Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was prepared following a literature search of relevant studies and was distributed electronically to medical students and interns. The self-administered questionnaire included sociodemographic data, interest in dermatology as a future career, and factors that may affect specialty choices. Results: The study included 1087 participants. Sixty percent were female, and 39% were male. Approximately half of the participants considered dermatology as their preferred specialty. We found that 53.6% of females were more interested in dermatology. Students who were exposed to dermatology in both pre-clinical and clinical years showed greater interest. Personal interest, lifestyle/flexible work schedule, and private sector opportunities were the most captivating factors. Personal interest and high competition in dermatology residency program matching were the main factors among students who did not consider dermatology as a future career choice. Conclusions: Several factors are influencing medical students when choosing dermatology as their future specialty; the lifestyle/flexible work schedule and personal interest were the most attractive factors. Recognizing these factors could be a useful tool that may lead mentors and residency training program directors to reach a balanced distribution of doctors in the various specialties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he acquisition of Master's degree in the professional field of pharmacy and the recognition of professional qualifications in Bulgaria is regulated in a number of regulatory documents for the country, adapted in accordance with European Union (EU) legislation. The completion of a six-month pre-degree internship in a pharmacy is a mandatory requirement for all Master of Pharmacy students. This publication presents the views of Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) supervisors of pre-degree internships on the practical preparation and confidence of pharmacy interns at the MPharm level in the knowledge and skills acquired in the core practice-relevant disciplines of Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation (SPPL), Pharmaceutical Care (PC) and Medical Devices (MD). The majority of respondents had more than 10 years of work experience (44%) and more than 3 years of intern training experience (48%). Internship supervisors highly rated the professional applicability and usefulness of the knowledge and skills learned in the disciplines of SPPL (60%), PC (72%) and MD (60%). According to them, the knowledge and skills acquired during the study are fully in line with the requirements of pharmacy practice as follows: 70% for SPPL, 64%, for PC and 72% for MD. Acquired competencies in the disciplines are crucial for the performance of the pharmacist's essential functions as the most accessible health professional in accordance with the requirements of the real working environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since internships are recognized forms of workplace learning, this study investigated their impact on the knowledge, attitude, and practices of interns. A paired t-test quasi-experiment (pretest/post-test) was carried out on the sample of 137 interns in university libraries in Edo State, Nigeria using a questionnaire. The study found that the interns had improved their knowledge, attitudes, and practices postintervention. The statistically significant results imply that the internship was an effective intervention that improved the interns' knowledge, attitude, and practice. In conclusion, the study considered the implications of practicing librarians and Library and Information Science educators uniting to develop and implement structured interventions. It recommended replicating this intervention in other states to improve the knowledge, attitude, and practical skills of interns and ensure they are effective in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hospitals in India use the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers guidelines as criteria to ensure safe prescribing practices. This audit was conducted to provide insight into in-patient prescription of drugs to (1) evaluate the quality of prescriptions (2) reduce prescription and medication errors (3) improve the quality of care in terms of prescriptions that the hospital provides to the patient., Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in an in-patient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chennai where 153 paper-based prescriptions were continuously collected from the internal medicine department over 1 month. The prescriptions were evaluated on 13 parameters that is, patient details (including name, age, sex and Hospital unique ID), height and weight, allergies, capital letters, legibility, date and time of prescription, medicine prescribed by generic name, brand name or both, dosage, route of administration, frequency, relation with food, stop order and signature of the doctor. The data obtained was summarised and analysed using Google Sheets., Results: A total of 153 prescriptions from the in-patient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital were audited. Out of the 153 prescriptions and 13 parameters assessed, patient details (including name, age, sex and Hospital unique ID), legibility, route of administration and frequency were found in all of the prescriptions. On further analysis, we found that only 12.26% of the prescriptions were compliant with the components of the stop order. The majority of the prescriptions (69.28%) contained both generic and trade names., Conclusion: Prescriptions are the most common areas of errors. This study shows the form of errors that can arise while prescribing medications. Doctors must be adequately trained to write prescriptions and follow the standards set by the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers. Audits need to be conducted regularly to ensure and improve the quality of prescriptions., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

The maldistribution of physicians, especially in rural areas, remains a global public health challenge. The internship programme for medical doctors is one of the efforts undertaken to address this issue. However, evidence aiming to disentangle this persistent challenge in the Indonesian context has been scant. This study aims to identify factors influencing medical doctors' intentions to practise in rural areas and how these factors affect their decisions. We adopted a sequential-explanatory mixed-method design using a validated questionnaire. Then, focus group discussions were conducted with medical doctors from three different regions (West, Central, and East) to gain in-depth understanding of motivations, intentions, and barriers to practising in rural areas. Participants were intern doctors who had been practising for at least six months in their internship locations. Quantitative analysis was based on a questionnaire addressing each factor, rated using 5-point Likert scales, with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The qualitative results were analysed using thematic analysis. In total, 498 respondents completed the questionnaire where 9.6%, 49%, and 40.9% intend to practise in rural, suburban, and urban areas, respectively. Three factors were positively associated with a preference for rural practise: prior living experience in rural areas, accessibility to cultural centres and events, and personal savings as funding resources during medical school. However, the importance of "internet accessibility" was negatively associated with a preference for rural practise. Furthermore, the qualitative study involving 18 participants resulted in four main themes: the role of the internship programme in enhancing motivation as medical doctors; factors generally influencing the intention to practise; factors influencing the intention to practise in rural areas; and policy recommendations to increase the intention to practise in rural areas. Addressing the challenge of attracting and retaining medical doctors in rural areas requires multisectoral approaches involving both personal and professional factors., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.)

Background: With the advancements in medicine, medical technologies, and diagnostics, patient safety is expected to be one of the priorities of modern medicine. However, in India, several medical error-related deaths have been recorded. Medical students today are the future healthcare providers, and hence, understanding their attitudes toward patient safety is crucial. The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes of medical students and interns toward patient safety and the factors associated with it at a teaching hospital in Ernakulam, Kerala., Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among the final-year medical students and interns at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala. Their attitude was assessed using the Attitude to Patient Safety Questionnaire III (APSQ III). The nine domains of the APSQ III were "patient safety training received, error reporting confidence, working hours as the cause of errors, error inevitability, professional incompetence as the cause of errors, disclosure responsibility, team functioning, patient involvement in reducing errors, and the importance of patient safety in the curriculum." Convenience (non-probability) sampling was done, and all final-year medical students and interns were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected via Google Forms and were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (Released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). All scores have been reported as mean with SD, and univariate analysis was done using an independent samples t-test. The independent variables were the age of the participants, gender, and year level. The Institutional Ethics Committee provided ethical clearance for the study., Results: A total of 144 students responded, of which 87 were female students (60.4%) and 82 (56.9%) were final-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students. The overall score for the APSQ III was 5.31 ± 0.51, indicating an overall positive attitude. Six of the nine domains of the APSQ III reflected a positive attitude. The "working hours as the cause of errors" domain attained the highest mean score of 6.2, with a statistically significant difference between different age groups (p = 0.02). The domain "disclosure responsibility" showed a significant difference between genders (p = 0.02). The majority of the interns proposed an increased number of working hours to be the cause of medical errors (p = 0.001).  Conclusion: Though all students had an overall positive attitude toward patient safety, the domains "patient safety training received," "professional incompetence as the cause of errors," and "disclosure responsibility" were perceived with a negative attitude. Hence, a structured education program with assessments on patient safety training should be included in the medical curriculum to ensure that errors are minimized., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences issued approval ECASM-AIMS-2023-313. Ethical concerns have not been observed in this study; hence, clearance is granted. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Anil et al.)

Background: The study aimed to identify the level of satisfaction and confidence of dental intern students in emergency care emergency room (ER) during COVID-19 Pandemic in order to determine factors that influence their satisfaction such as patient's age, gender, and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted at Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah-Taibah University Dental-College and Hospital. The overall sample included in analysis was 105 dental interns with an average age of 24.7 years who were treating patients between July 2019 and August 2020 in emergency dental clinics at TUCDH. Results: The survey response rate was 100% and 51.4% of the participants felt comfortable and 80% felt confident on emergency days. However, male interns were significantly more comfortable and confident than females (P = 0.001 and 0.022 respectively). Endo-emergency constituted 77% of dental emergencies followed by surgery. 81.9% believe that age is the most challenging factor affecting their ER work, and most of them do not believe that patient's gender and ethnicity affect their performance. Stock shortages were the biggest challenge for their supervisor-led management. Conclusion: Majority of interns feel satisfied with their management of emergency cases during COVID-19 Pandemic with superior male significant meaning. More emergency training programs should be established in the educational dental curriculum to improve their satisfaction and confidence rate, especially for females during pandemics.

Background: Communication skills are the backbone for patient care services such as patient interviews, counseling the patient, and explaining treatment options. The present study was conceived to evaluate the communication training program and perceptions of medical interns and faculty regarding the same. Methodology: Sixty medical interns were included in this cross-sectional study. Training on communication skills was imparted which was later assessed on the basis of Kalamazoo scale. Attitude of the interns regarding communication skill training was assessed using Rees and Sheard Scale. The attitude of faculty regarding introduction of communication skill was also assessed. Results: The mean score on Kalamazoo Consensus Scale was 19.65 ± 4.97 with a range of 10–29. Females had a higher score (21.09 ± 5.80) as compared to males (17.88 ± 3.21), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.157). The mean score for positive and negative attitude scale was 59.15 ± 5.51 and 25.20 ± 9.60. Conclusion: The ability to communicate effectively is a core competency expected of medical graduates and communication skills training of medical students and interns with the help of didactic lectures, role plays, and videos, etc., can go a long way in improving their communication skills.

Abstract Background Oral cancer awareness among current and future dental practitioners plays a substantial role in the early detection and prevention of oral cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of oral cancer prevention (OCP) among oral health practitioners in the College of Dentistry at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, and to determine factors that facilitate, or limit practices related to oral cancer prevention. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was done among dental students (n = 274), interns (n = 81), and faculty members (n = 117) in the College of Dentistry at Jazan University between May 2019 to February 2020. The questionnaire was developed in English and modified from a previously validated and published questionnaire into Arabic. It covered every KAP of oral cancer prevention that was useful in accomplishing the study's objectives. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the factors associated with the practice of oral cancer prevention in the past year. Results Only 29.7% reported having participated in any OCP activities in the past 12 months while about 42% and 53% of participants referred suspected oral cancer patients to the departments of maxillofacial surgery and oral medicine, respectively. Most of the participants had poor knowledge (71.9%), unfavourable attitudes towards OCP (83.6%) and poor levels of practice (62.9%). The study found that the attitude of the participants was significant in influencing their practices of OCP in the previous 12 months, after adjusting for all other factors. Conclusion It was concluded that the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of OCP among the sample population was poor. The survey findings suggest that oral health practitioners in Jazan are inexperienced in the methods to adopt for prevention and early detection of oral cancer, despite the high prevalence of oral cancer among province residents. Further research should investigate effective educational strategies and training for improving the participation of students, interns, and faculty members in oral cancer prevention activities.

Purpose: Clinical experience plays a vital role in the development of the professional identity (PI) of nursing students. China has applied a strict zero- COVID health policy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic since December 2019 and studies have been conducted in different places of China to explore PI development of nursing students during the pandemic time among the intern nursing students who are on clinical practices. This review study aims to synthesize the previous studies and provide a comprehensive picture of the impacts of the pandemic on the PI development of intern nursing students. Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage scoping review framework was used. Combinations of keywords were used to search relevant articles in both Chinese and English databases published from inception of the articles until the final search date (10 March 2022). The initially included articles were also appraised for their quality, and those that passed the appraisal were left for data analysis. The analytic results were cross-checked among the reviewers. Result: Three themes emerged from the included studies: 1) the PI levels, 2) the impacts of personal and social factors of PL, and 3) the specific impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The levels of students' PI ranged from 66%-80% of the total scores in PI instruments, almost the same levels as in pre-pandemic time, despite the elevated social image of nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no consensus about the impacts of most personal and social factors on students' PI across the studies. The impacts of COVID-19 on PI were both positive and negative. Conclusions: COVID-19 epidemic exerted complicated impacts on the PI of intern nursing students. While it is necessary to address the fear of the COVID-19 pandemic among intern nursing students, the pandemic may not be an opportunistic time to enhance the students' PI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Africa has an increased burden of neurosurgical diseases with an estimate of 1,986,392 neurosurgical cases, 108,824 neurosurgical case capacity, and 1,877,568 case deficits yearly. Literature suggests that about 8420 neurosurgeons are needed to fill this vast gap. The main objective of this study is to elucidate barriers encountered in pursuing neurosurgery training in the African context. A cross-sectional electronic survey, developed in English and subsequently translated into French, was utilized. This was disseminated among medical students, medical interns, and junior doctors in all 5 African regions. A total of 491 responses were received from the following 5 African regions: West Africa (30.5%), East Africa (30.3%), Central Africa (18.1%), North Africa (11.8%), and Southern Africa (9.2%). Of the participants, 55.2% were men and 44.8% were women. Seventy-six percent of respondents were aware of the neurosurgery deficit in Africa. Barriers to pursuing neurosurgery included discouragement from others over lack of an "ideal personality" trait, culture/cultural beliefs as related to gender roles, lack of mentorship, inadequate neurosurgical training opportunities, poor health infrastructure for neurosurgical practice in Africa, poor patient outcomes, and challenges with work/life balance were some of the barriers highlighted to pursuing neurosurgical career on the continent. Even with its robust population growth, Africa is not producing enough neurosurgeons to meet the demands of the population due to several barriers. Delineating these challenges and barriers represents an important step in developing sustainable mechanisms for recruitment, training, mentorship, and support of burgeoning African neurosurgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has affected nursing staff and students mentally and physically due to their role in the frontline fighting the virus. However, data on the effect of COVID-19 on nursing students are limited and there have been no studies about Saudi nursing intern experience during this crisis. Aim: To explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students during their interns at hospitals and how they dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was done where 12 interviews were conducted among nursing student at the Nursing Department in the College of Applied Medical Science at Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted from January 01 to April 10, 2021. The descriptive method was used to collect, understand, organise and represent in depth data. All the nursing student participants were interns and started their intern programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic. All interviews were auto-recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic method. Results: The four themes which emerged from findings were: student plans during COVID-19; students' perspectives of the nursing profession; intern students' mental states; and hospital roles. Conclusion: While the virus may negatively affect the experience of nursing intern students, the support of the media and society towards nursing staff during the pandemic has encouraged them significantly. So this study recommended that nursing stakeholders collaborate with the media to create greater interaction and embrace the nursing profession for younger generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In a health-care setup, interpersonal communication plays a pivotal role in the attainment of professional outcomes. Dressing is an indirect mode of communication. Since ancient times, it is assumed that doctor's clothing have a positive effect on the minds of patients. This survey evaluates the perception of interns from dental sciences regarding the impact of dressing on professional performance at workplace. Materials and Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was distributed among a batch of interns who were willing to participate in the survey. Seventy-six interns returned the responses which were complete without any duplication. All the survey forms were scrutinized and the data were collated. Qualitative analysis of the assembled data was performed to evaluate intern's perception about the association between dressing and professional performance at workplace. Results: Results of the survey demonstrated that 81.6% of the participants dress up to work as per their temperament. About 65.8% of the participants believed that dental professionals should choose formal wear for workplace settings. Majority of the participants, i.e., 67.1%, believed that dressing affects perception on personality traits such as dignity and character of a professional. A wide number of interns perceived that dressing alters the behavior of self, patients, and colleagues (55.3%, 71.1%, and 68.4%, respectively). The result of this survey also showed a positive correlation between dressing and professional traits such as confidence, responsibility, and efficiency (75.0%, 63.2%, and 63.2%, respectively). Notably, 55.3% opined against enforcing a dress code for dental institutions/dental offices. Conclusion: The result of the study represents the positive influence of dressing on professional performance at workplace in dentistry as perceived by interns from the faculty of dental sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prescription is an integral part of practice in the field of dentistry. Errors in prescription can be either knowledge or writing related. Understanding the lacunae gives an insight to improvement in this vital clinical skill. Aim: To evaluate prescription writing pattern in a dental teaching Institute in Haryana with primary objective to identify the most common errors in prescription writing among students and faculty and secondary objective to assess overall performance and prescription writing skills. Methods and Material: The hospital based cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted with 194 participants with a problem based approach requiring response in the form of complete prescription. Undergraduate students of third and final year, interns along with post graduate students and faculty were included. Each prescription was analysed for 28 parameters. Six prescriber related, five patient related, eleven drug related, and seven Miscellaneous parameters. Each parameter was scored as one if present and zero if absent. Total score for each parameter and total score of each prescription was calculated and graded as poor score 0-7, medium or fair score 8-14, good score 15-22.and 22-30 excellent. Results: The patient and doctors related parameters were most deficient followed by miscellaneous and drug related parameters. Maximum prescription were of fair quality. Undergraduate prescription was well written in comparison to other groups. Conclusions: There is a need to emphasis, audit and revise the art of prescription writing throughout the curriculum and later stages too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 pandemic changed routines, with social distancing, quarantines, online classes, negatively affecting the mental health of the medical fraternity. Objectives: To assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being and training and identify stressors experienced by medical-interns. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 150 interns, from 1st June-30th September 2021, using Google form with 3 sections-demographics, stressors experienced during the pandemic and WHO well-being index; data analyzed using EPI INFO software en-US version 7.2.3.1. Results: of the 150 interns, 138 responded. Mean-age was 25.19 ± 1.62SD years; 60.8% were males, 56.5% were hostellers, 30% suffered from COVID-19. 78.9% stated "lack of supervision during postings", 73.9% "postponement of NEET PG" and 60.8% "lack of learning opportunities" as reasons of stress. 65.2% had a good "WHO well-being index". Their COVID-19 infectivity status had a statistically significant (p=0.004) association with WHO well being index. "Lack of learning opportunities" (p=0.02), "fear of contracting COVID-19" (p=0.03) & "limited time for PG preparation(p=0.01) were associated with their well-being. Conclusion: COVID-19 was associated with stress and poor mental health among the interns. Fear of disease, lack of regular duties and postponement of PG exams were factors leading to stress. Lack of learning opportunities, fear of contracting the virus were associated with poorer mental well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The University of Washington's (UW) Access to Informal STEM Learning (AccessISL) project employs a student-centered approach and potentially transformative practices that embrace the social model of disability, social justice education, disability as a diversity issue, intersectionality, and universal design. A leadership team of interns--each member a UW student with a disability or a museology graduate student--along with project staff engage with the UW Museology program to identify and implement strategies for making ISL activities and courses more welcoming and accessible to individuals with disabilities. Initial outcomes of AccessISL intern engagement include specific changes within ISL programs, increased awareness and implementation of universal design principles in the Museology graduate program, and expanded skills about the accessible/universal design of informal learning within future professionals who served as interns in AccessISL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1960s, career success has been extensively studied from different angles. This paper aims to identify the main topics of interest covered by the literature throughout time frames defined based on the number of article citations. A Scopus database search was performed in November 2021, gathering 926 articles on career success that were analyzed in VOSviewer. The results show that several concepts were constant over the years, such as mentoring, mobility, income, education, gender, and culture, while other topics of interest were introduced more recently (e.g., career satisfaction, change, personality, networking, the link between the private and professional life, the relationship between objective and subjective career success). An understanding of historical career success research topics contributes to the development of future human resources strategies and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of dentistry has always been dominated by males in the past century. In the recent days, this gender disparity is becoming an increasingly significant issue as it has affected men and women differently, in service providers and recipients' aspect. With the increased entry of females in the field, it's consequence is yet to be understood globally. As interns are the future generation of dentists, it is necessary to understand their perception of the issue. This is a cross-sectional questionnaire based study was done in 8 dental colleges in Chennai, Tamil Nadu on students doing their Compulsory Rotatory Internship (CRI). After statistical analysis, it was found that the "narrowing" gender divide is yet to have its complete impact on the perception of people. There is absence of stigma on working on patients or working with doctors of other gender and there is a healthy trend in outlook towards the other gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complete denture, as an important restoration method for edentulism, is difficult to study for beginners, especially in linking the theory with clinical practice. Objective: This study was aimed to compare the teaching effects between case-based learning combined with Rain Classroom teaching and traditional lecture method in the clinical course of complete denture prosthesis for undergraduate interns. Methods: In a course called "Problems and treatment strategies of complete denture after wearing", interns were divided into two groups: one for traditional lecture-based teaching with PowerPoint slideshow (the control group, n = 28); and the other for case-based learning combined with Rain Classroom teaching, which published information before class, discussed specific clinic cases in class and got real-time interns' feedback via WeChat (the test group, n = 22). Both groups received the same exam and questionnaire survey after class. The Q&A participation of interns in class, theoretical test scores and questionnaire survey responses were used to evaluate the teaching effects. An independent sample t-test and the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis in this study. Results: The Q&A participation of interns in the test group was much better than that of the control group. The average score on the theoretical test after class in the test group (72.14 ± 12.24) was significantly higher than that in the control group (61.29 ± 20.12) (P < 0.05). In the test group, 94.54% (21/22) of the interns preferred the new teaching mode. Conclusion: Case-based learning combined with Rain Classroom teaching is helpful to enliven the classroom atmosphere, inspire studying enthusiasm, and achieve a good learning effect in both theory and clinical practice related to complete denture prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interns must recognize urgent clinical situations and know when to seek assistance. However, assessing this skill is challenging. We explored whether graduating medical students could determine urgency of medical cross-cover scenarios and what factors were associated with this ability. Sixty senior medical students enrolled in an internal medicine residency preparation course, and 28 experts were invited to take an assessment using 4 clinical vignette handoffs, each with 5 to 6 cross-cover scenarios. Respondents were asked whether they would evaluate the patient at bedside and notify their supervising resident. They were asked to rate their comfort managing the scenario, rate the urgency (1=low, 2=moderate, 3=high), and take a medical knowledge quiz. Student performance was categorized based on stratification of clinical urgency—those who underestimated (fourth quartile), accurately estimated (second and third quartile), and overestimated (first quartile) urgency. We examined differences between groups in medical knowledge, action, and confidence using analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test. Fifty-eight students (96.7%) and 22 experts (78.6%) participated. Clear differentiation emerged between students' ability to estimate urgency on the 3-point urgency scale (lowest quartile: 2.15±0.11; mid-quartiles: 2.38±0.07; upper quartile: 2.61±0.10, respectively). Students who underestimated urgency were less likely to notify their supervising resident (P=.001) and less likely to evaluate a patient at bedside (P=.01). There was no difference in quiz score or comfort level. Incoming interns vary in their abilities to recognize urgent scenarios, independent of medical knowledge and confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neurosurgery is considered one of the most admired surgical specializations. Still, as evidenced by observations over the years, it is not amongst the top choices of medical students in Saudi Arabia. This study will help in understanding the perception and attitudes of medical students and interns toward the neurosurgery specialization, which will aid in developing strategies to increase the interest of undergraduates in neurosurgery specialization and bridge the human resource gap in this vital specialty. Objectives: This study aimed to assess perceptions, attitudes, and gender differences of medical students and interns toward neurosurgery. The influence of demographic factors on perceptions of neurosurgery of interns and senior medical students in Saudi Arabia was also investigated. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study on a convenience sample of medical students (clinical years) and interns studying in different colleges of medicine in Saudi Arabia. A total of 1014 responses were included in this study (518 males and 496 females). The questionnaire comprised of two parts: the first part carried general descriptive questions, while the second part had 24-item Likert scale-based questions. Results: Around 40% of medical students and 26% of interns agreed or strongly agreed to the statement 'I would consider a career in neurosurgery. Around 70% of both interns and students agreed or strongly agreed with the statement 'Huge prestige is attached to neurosurgery'. The responses to the statement 'Neurosurgery is a male specialty' was significantly different between genders, as 36.5% of the male respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement while just 12.5% of the females responded likewise (p = 0.000). Only 23% of participants reported having completed a rotation in neurosurgery. About 44.7% of respondents were interested in taking an elective rotation in neurosurgery, while the remaining respondents (55.3%) responded with a negative answer. Only 23% of participants had completed an undergraduate rotation in neurosurgery. More males (65.3%) agreed or strongly agreed with the statement 'Work as a neurosurgery specialist can impede family life as compared to females (57.5%), which was highly significant (p = 0.000). More medical students (45.1%) responded in the agreement or strong agreement in response to the statement' Neurosurgery should be a compulsory rotation during internship' as compared to interns (25.8%). Around 65% of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that teachers/seniors have a great influence on students' specialization choices. Around 67% of the respondents foresaw a purely clinical role for themselves after graduation, while 17% were interested in a clinical–academician role. Conclusions: The study reflected a generally positive attitude towards neurosurgery amongst medical students and interns. Interest in neurosurgery as a specialization can be strengthened by enhancing the exposure of students and interns to the specialty. Teachers and seniors can be useful influencers to motivate students to consider neurosurgery specialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is supreme importance for teaching-learning among Interns regarding their perception on Doctor-Patient relationship based on Doctor-Patient communication. Objectives: To find out the perception of Interns regarding Doctor-Patient Communication. Methods: A hospital-based prospective open-label observational cross-sectional study was conducted among interns to assess the perception and correlates based on distinguished questions on Doctor-Patient Communication at the emergency, out-patient and in-patient departments, at a medical college and hospital in eastern India during March to May 2021. Results: The perception of the Interns regarding the reported expectation of patients was positive, while Interns' self-satisfaction after independently managing the patients could assess the strength of mutual communication. On the Interns' perception regarding expectation of patients, all the responses were in favour of them except 'time constraints' and 'general advice'; all were statistically highly significant. On the Interns' reported satisfaction after independently dealing with the patients, majority of responses favoured Intern's positive approaches of calm hearing, addressing complaints and caring patient's view; yet, private matters and other issues of the patients were not satisfactorily addressed; these responses were highly significant. On critical analysis, the Interns were satisfied while communicating with the patients amid increased stress, workload and patient load; Interns were content on patients' compliance which was statistically significant. Conclusions: This study revealed the most updated observation on interns' perception regarding Doctor-Patient communication on a positive note and their satisfaction.

Introduction: Effective communication is essential for medical professionals. Role-play is widely used as an educational method for learning about communication in medical education. This paper shares experience and process of role-play and explores students' and faculties’ experiences on the same. Aim: To utilize role-play for developing competence in specific skills associated with medical interviewing and communication by Interns posted at a Rural Health Training Center attached to a Medical College. Objectives: 1. To explore attitudes of interns towards communication skills learning. 2. To obtain the feedback of interns and faculties towards identifying key elements for improvising guidelines for effective role-play within learning context. Method: Medical students undergoing internship participated in the role-play session as part of their communication skill programme. Before and after the training sessions and acting, students participated in discussion regarding role plays and good communication skills. Reports prepared by students on their experience were thematically analyzed. Results: 98% of students reported that role-play was helpful in learning. Students reported the key aspects of effective role-play as; opportunities for observation, rehearsal and discussion, realistic roles and alignment of roles with other aspects of the curriculum. Faculties opined that the role-play was well accepted by the students. There remains future scope to improvise upon the guidelines to overcome the challenges encountered. Conclusion: Role-play was valued by students in the acquisition of communication skills. Guidelines drawn for effective role-play included adequate preparation, alignment of roles and tasks with level of practice, structured feedback guidelines and acknowledgment of the importance of social interactions for learning. Regular courses on effective communication should be included in the medical school curriculum.

Background. The ratio of breasted children for more than six months increased from 33 to 40% in the period from 1991 to 2019 according to the Russian Federal State Statistics Service. This number has not changed in recent 12 years and remained on the level of 39-41%. Relatively low adherence to breastfeeding may be the consequence of the lack of training of future doctors in these issues.Objective. The aim of the study was to analyse the knowledge (and its dynamics over the past decade) of medical students, interns and residents on breastfeeding support and promotion in Russian Federation.Methods. We have conducted the survey among senior students, interns, and residents in 2009-2011 and 2018-2019. 8 medical universities participated in the study in 2009-2011, and 24 medical universities and one continuing education institute — in 2018-2019. Knowledge on breastfeeding support issues was estimated according to the results of future doctors’ responses to the proposed questionnaires.Results. Sample of 2009-2011 has included 1088 students, interns, and residents, sample of 2018-2019 — 3694. There is still high level of mistakes in the breastfeedng issues due to the decline in knowledge of the WHO breastfeeding recommendations. The level of understanding of practical aspects has not changed significantly over the 10 years, and there is still a gap between theoretical knowledge and practice.Conclusion. The necessity to improve quality of future doctors training in breastfeeding issues is shown.