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The article is devoted to the analysis of main social rights of internally displaced persons and their realisation after Russia's full-scale invasion in Ukraine. The current Ukrainian national legislation on the IDPs social protection has been analysed with the specific focus on social payments and housing through the Ukraine's ability to guarantee all basic social rights to IDPs and via the lens of new challenges and problems that appeared after the beginning of the war. The special attention was also drawn to the importance of sufficient international support and assistance for IDPs' social protection in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundHumanitarian emergencies are a major global health challenge with the potential to have a profound impact on people’s mental and psychological health. Displacement is a traumatic event that disrupts families and affects physical and psychological health at all ages. A person may endure or witness a traumatic incident, such as being exposed to war, and, as a result, develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is a lack of information about post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety disorder in low and middle-income countries in humanitarian emergency contexts such as Mozambique. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and associated factors among armed conflict survivors in Cabo Delgado, north region of Mozambique in 2023.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2023 among 750 participants, who were selected by convenience. A face-to-face interview used the Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PC-PTSD-5) to evaluate PTSD, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) to evaluate anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire – Mozambique (PHQ-9 MZ) to evaluate depression. The association between PTSD and demographic and psychosocial characteristics was analyzed using bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression. We used a 5% significance level.ResultsThe three mental disorders assessed were highly prevalent in our sample with 74.3% PTSD, 63.8% depression, and 40.0% anxiety. The chance of developing PTSD was higher in females (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.50–3.51), in patients with depression symptoms (AOR = 8.27, 95% CI = 4.97–13.74) and anxiety symptoms (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.84–2.50).ConclusionThis study reported that the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety were high. Patients having depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and being female are more at risk of developing PTSD. There is a need to integrate screening for common mental disorders in the context of humanitarian emergencies and its adapted integration of psychosocial interventions.

The article substantiates the factors influencing the development of migration processes in Europe, including: political conflicts; geopolitical changes and events in different regions of the world; financial, economic and political crises; social and ecological factors, as well as the sociocultural causes of migration, related to various aspects of culture, society, and identity. The dynamics of migration flows to different regions of the world are analyzed. The leading countries of migration flows to Europe and the reasons for changes in the number of international migrants in some European countries are identified. The volume of mass migration of Ukrainians to European countries since the beginning of the full-scale war, the demographic situation in Ukraine, which is rapidly changing both in quantitative and qualitative indicators, is studied. It is proved that the large-scale migration of the able-bodied population during the war from Ukraine to European countries will have serious consequences for the Ukrainian economy. It is substantiated that modern migration processes require deep analytical and scientific elaboration, along with development at the State level of appropriate strategic plans and tasks that would allow in the future to ensure the return of emigrants to Ukraine. In turn, the irreversibility of migration processes in modern Europe, caused by existing challenges and threats both in the world and, in particular, on the European continent, requires a substantive study of methods for regulating migration and determining long-term goals and priorities both at the supranational and interstate levels.

The article outlines the concept of «internally displaced persons» (IDPs), which should be understood as citizens of the country, foreigners or stateless persons who legally stay in the territory of the country where they have permanent residence, and who, as a result of hostilities and their consequences, are forced to leave their permanent place of residence for the safety of their lives, within the borders of the country of their permanent residence. The process of adaptation and integration of internally displaced persons in the conditions of war is studied. It is argued that the mechanism for providing housing to internally displaced persons during the war period should not only take into account temporary needs, but also contribute to long-term stability and recovery. The housing problems of internally displaced persons under martial law are identified on the example of the city of Chernihiv. A mechanism for providing housing to internally displaced persons has been developed. Ways to solve the housing problems of internally displaced persons are proposed, including: construction of modular towns; installation of modular houses in the yard; provision of interest-free loans for the purchase of housing; rent of housing by the State compensation to the owners of such housing; conducting an inventory of the existing housing stock and using it for temporary residence of internally displaced persons; ensuring the processes of resumption of construction and use of affordable housing in different regions; reorientation of existing programs for the development of housing construction to solve the housing problems of IDPs; development of mechanisms for compensating the cost of housing lost during the armed aggression of the Russian Federation; development of a unified strategy for helping IDPs on housing issues, etc. It is asserted that taking into account the peculiarities of the war period requires immediate and carefully designed measures aimed at a temporary and long-term solution to the problem of housing for internally displaced persons.

Abstract Background Currently, over two million persons are internally displaced because of the complex humanitarian emergency in Nigeria’s northeast region. Due to crowded and unsanitary living conditions, the risk of communicable disease transmission, morbidity, and mortality among this population is high. This study explored patterns and factors associated with health-seeking among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in northeast Nigeria to inform and strengthen disease surveillance and response activities. Methods In a cross-sectional study conducted during June–October 2022, we employed stratified sampling technique to select 2,373 IDPs from 12 IDPs camps. A semi-structured tool was used to collect data on health-seeking patterns, socio-demographics, households, and IDPs camps characteristics. We classified health-seeking patterns into three outcome categories: ‘facility care’ (reference category), ‘non-facility care’ (patent medicine vendors, chemists, traditional healers, religious centers), and ‘home care/no care’. We performed complex survey data analysis and obtained weighted statistical estimates. Univariate analysis was conducted to describe respondents’ characteristics and health-seeking patterns. We fitted weighted multivariable multinomial logistic regression models to identify factors associated with health-seeking patterns. Results Of 2,373 respondents, 71.8% were 18 to 39 years old, 78.1% were females, and 81.0% had no formal education. Among the respondents, 75.7% (95% CI: 72.9–78.6) sought ‘facility care’, 11.1% (95% CI: 9.1–13.1) sought ‘non-facility care’, while 13.2% (95% CI: 10.9–15.4) practiced ‘home care/no care’. Respondents who perceived illness was severe (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.15, [95% CI: 0.08–0.30]) and resided in officially-recognized camps (AOR = 0.26, [95% CI: 0.17–0.39]) were less likely to seek ‘non-facility care’ compared to ‘facility care’. Similarly, respondents who resided in officially-recognized camps (AOR = 0.58, [95% CI: 0.36–0.92]), and received disease surveillance information (AOR = 0.42, [95% CI: 0.26–0.67) were less likely to practice ‘home care/no care’ rather than seek ‘facility care’. Conclusions This population exhibited heterogeneous patterns of health-seeking at facility and non-facility centers. Perception of illness severity and camps’ status were major factors associated with health-seeking. To enhance surveillance, non-facility care providers should be systematically integrated into the surveillance network while ramping up risk communication to shape perception of illness severity, prioritizing unofficial camps.

Abstract Background The aim of the scoping review was to identify and synthesize the available literature concerning the relationship between the status of refugees, migrants, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) and Early Childhood Caries (ECC) as it relates to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16). Methods Data regarding the links between the status of refugees, migrants, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) and Early Childhood Caries (ECC), and the associations between ECC and maternal and child exposure to physical and sexual abuse, insecurity, crime, exploitation, torture, and displacement were extracted. The search was carried out in January 2023 across three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus). Only publications in English with accessible full texts were included. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the categories of the retrieved papers, and graphical representation was employed for visualization purposes. The relationships between the publications and each of the 10 targets of Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16) were also assessed. Results Forty-five studies were reviewed. Most studies (42.2%) originated from the Americas Regions, while no studies were identified from the Africa Region. A significant portion (46.7%) of the papers focused on abuse, violence, and neglect as risk factors for ECC. Migrants, refugees, and IDPs were the most investigated populations (44.4%). Only one study specifically focused on IDPs and migrants respectively. The prevalence of untreated caries was higher among migrants, refugees, and IDPs compared to the host community, ECC was more prevalent among children who experienced abuse, neglect, or were in protective care. The was no clear direction on the associations between ECC and intimate partner violence, adverse childhood experiences, and wars. In terms of the SDGs, the reviewed publications addressed four targets (SDG16.1, SDG16.2, SDG16.3, and SDG16.5) out of the ten targets outlined in SDG 16. Conclusion There is available evidence regarding the connections between ECC and war, refugees, migration, violence, and neglect, as outlined in SDG 16. Future studies are needed to investigate how forced movements directly affects ECC status, how disruptions of peace and stability is a risk factor for ECC, and the associations between ECC and other indicators related to SDG 16 targets.

Research objective: to determine the effectiveness of a complex local preparation with antiseptic action based on octenidine and repair agent dexpanthenol (Prodexyn) in the syndrome of abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) in pregnant women with obstetric pathology during the gestation and in the sanitation of the birth canal on the eve of childbirth. Materials and methods. 49 pregnant women were examined and divided into 2 groups: group I – 21 women (including 6 pregnant women with the status of internally displaced persons (IDPs)) with AVD in the period of 14–36 weeks of pregnancy; group II – 28 pregnant women (15 of them IDPs) on the eve of childbirth, who needed sanitation of the birth canal in the period of 37-41 weeks. The selection of patients was based on complaints, objective examination in mirrors and determination of vaginal pH. A bacterioscopic and bacteriological study was carried out if the pH deviates from the norm in order to identify pathogens and control the treatment effectiveness. Prodexyn was prescribed to all women in the vaginal suppositories at night for 10 days from the II trimester of pregnancy. Results. Most of women had a complicated obstetric and gynecological history, chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, and viral infections. 87.7% of women had obstetric complications during current pregnancy. In the group I the primary average value of vaginal pH was 4.94 ± 0.02, and was the highest in IDPs (5.0-5.3). In the group II the pH before delivery at the initial screening was 5.1 ± 0.03, and in IDPs it was 5.7. Bacterioscopic examination in both groups showed a large number of leukocytes, cocci and fungal flora. Bacteriological examination in both groups showed a total of 11 pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens in various 2–3 component microbial and microbial-fungal associations against the background of a significant decrease in the number of lactobacilli. Single cases of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (in group I) and Streptococcus viridans (in group II) were found. After sanitation the state of the vaginal biotope significantly improved in the majority of pregnant women of both groups. pH in group I was 4.51 ± 0.013, in group II was 4.55 ± 0.03. According to bacterioscopy, the number of leukocytes, coccal, bacillus and fungal flora significantly decreased in both groups. Bacteriological examination showed positive dynamics of the microflora concentration and the amount of its species spectrum. The lactobacilli concentration increased in both groups. Worse indicators of the vaginal biotope restoration were observed in IDPs, especially in the I group in the II–III trimesters, which required an extension of the treatment course for another 5–10 days. Conclusions. The complex local preparation with antiseptic action Prodexyn for AVD in pregnant women with obstetric pathology has shown its effectiveness and safety. As a result of the treatment, the number of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic flora decreased significantly, with a simultaneous increase in the saprophytic flora and lacISSN 2309-4117tobacilli concentration.

Being left behind in a digital world can be devastating for forced migrants. This article reflects on the digital exclusion that refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) face in Sudan due to the repercussions of ongoing restrictions on accessing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the digital exclusion of refugees and internally displaced persons in Sudan due to restrictions on access to technology. The civil war in Sudan has caused the displacement of over 8 million people and has affected financial stability and access to technology and information services. Economic and trade sanctions imposed on Sudan have hindered access to media and digital technologies. Additionally, displaced people in Sudan face barriers to accessing digital employment platforms and financial services due to the exclusion of Sudanese banks from international banking systems. It is recommended to improve digital access in Sudan and promote political and economic stability to address development and human rights issues in the country. [Extracted from the article]

This article, titled "Editorial: Migration and integration: tackling policy challenges, opportunities and solutions," discusses the demographic transformation that Europe has experienced due to increased immigration. The article highlights the benefits and challenges of immigration, including barriers to employment and discrimination faced by immigrants. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the impact and effectiveness of migration and integration policies at various levels of governance. The article also explores the role of policies in addressing the needs of marginalized immigrant groups, such as women and refugees, and the importance of human capital in immigrants' integration outcomes. Overall, the article calls for a comprehensive approach to migration and integration policies to promote the well-being of diverse immigrant populations in Europe. [Extracted from the article]

The journal article titled "Food Insecurity, Child Health, and Vulnerable Populations" published in Ecology of Food & Nutrition explores various aspects of food and nutrition. The current issue includes eight articles that focus on topics such as household food insecurity, vitamin D deficiency, nutritional status of children, and barriers to accessing healthy foods. The articles present research conducted in different countries, including Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Mozambique, Nigeria, and the United States. The studies provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between food, nutrition, culture, and policy, and offer recommendations for effective interventions to address these issues. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the role of women in Ukrainian civil society, particularly during and after the Russian invasion in 2022. Women have played a significant role in shaping Ukrainian life and continue to do so in the war efforts and the post-conflict period. During the 2013-2014 protests on Maidan Square, women faced challenges in participating beyond traditional roles, but some formed their own groups for self-defense and raised awareness of issues such as domestic violence. Women also played a prominent role in fundraising and supporting Ukrainian soldiers during the war, as well as providing aid to internally displaced persons. However, despite their contributions, women's civil society work often goes unrecognized, and there are concerns about their ability to translate their wartime experiences into political gains in the post-conflict period. The Ukrainian government has made commitments to gender equality and women's security, but the challenge lies in implementing these commitments effectively. [Extracted from the article]

Internal migration is one of the most significant consequences of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The social impacts of the war include the demographic changes in Ukrainian regions. We can identify the three groups of regions: (1) regions from where the population is forced to leave, (2) transit regions, as well as (3) recipient regions (those taking on the biggest burden due to the reception of internally displaced persons). In addition to purely humanitarian tasks (resettlement of people, providing them with food, medicines, etc.), regions and communities faced the task of ensuring their own economic stability as a stabilizing factor of the national economy in the midst of a complex military and political situation. The authors of the article propose to analyze the consequences of internal migration as drivers strengthening the labor potential in the Ukrainian recipient communities and recipient regions. It is substantiated that the human capital of internally displaced persons should be perceived as one of the drivers of local and regional development. In the framework of the article, the argumentation is based on the assumption that the military actions are long-term (the “war of attrition” scenario), and after the end of military actions, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and relocated enterprises will not be able to return to the territory of their permanent residence for a long period of time (until the infrastructure is restored, the housing stock is reconstructed, and demining and other measures are completed). According to this approach, it is necessary to clarify three levels of state regional policies: (1) placing IDPs in safe locations and ensuring satisfactory living conditions for them; (2) assisting in the use of IDP’s human capital within the framework of the regional economy; (3) facilitating inclusive governance and the inclusion of IDPs in the life of host communities and regions. At the same time, the authors of the article emphasize the following: it is necessary to prevent the creation of institutional obstacles for the reintegration of IDPs into places of permanent residence, which can lead to disparities in regional and community development.

The purpose of the study is to show the features of the digital transformation of society and the social sphere, in particular, using digital services and portals for migrants in the social security system. The following tasks have been set to achieve the goal: to find and analyze regulatory and legal documents that regulate and accompany the process of digital transformation of society and social sphere in particular. We proved the need for digital transformation of the social sphere as a way to improve social support for citizens in war conditions, including migrants, to justify the reasons for the sharp increase of Ukrainian migrants in the world and to determine their needs for social protection and social security. We analyzed official web portals, digital services and applications for migrants in terms of providing them with electronic services. The work uses such research methods as content analysis, comparison, synthesis, method of systematization of scientific statements, statistical methods (index method, method of statistical grouping, analysis of dynamic series). We monitored and analyzed social networks in order to obtain and structure data. In particular, the resource approach made it possible to analyze the content of social networks, to analyze the network content focused specifically on the category of migrants, to classify it and to draw conclusions. We conducted web analytics of the official state portals of the Ministry of Social Policy, Ministry of Digital Affairs, Ministry of Reintegration, international and public organizations according to parameters such as information content with useful content, con­venient navigation, design, analysis of site visit statistics, etc. The study finds the importance of using digital services and portals for migrants in the social security system. We noted how the demand for digital transformation of the social sphere is a way to improve social support for citizens in war conditions, including migrants. The study analyzes the legal framework, in particular the Strategy of Digital Transformation of the Social Sphere (2020), the Law on the Unified Information System of the Social Sphere (2021), the Concept of Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018-2020, etc. The article drew attention to a number of documents of the government and the Ministry of Social Policy regarding the simplification and reduction in time of the process of receiving social benefits and services for citizens, solving many social issues through access to the computer net­work, the use of digital services, portals and platforms. The study provides data on internal and external migration and substantiates the reasons for the sharp increase in the number of Ukrainian migrants in the world caused by the global migration crisis and the Russian-Ukrainian war. Ukraine recorded the largest number of internally displaced persons in Europe since the end of the Second World War, the eighth place in terms of internally displaced persons in the world. The active phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war since February 2022 became a pushing factor and led to the emergence of a new numerical category of the population - war refugees. Examples of a large number of digital services, portals, applications and with useful information for migrants from Ukraine regarding their faster adaptation and obtaining the necessary e-services in the countries of Poland, the Czech Republic, and Lithuania are given. The article demonstrates the joint efforts and effective steps of the Ministry of Digital Affairs and the Ministry of Social Policy regarding the digital transformation of the social sphere and ana­lyzes the official web portal of the State Migration Service of Ukraine in terms of providing electronic services. Statistics of citizens' appeals confirms the effectiveness of digital electronic services. The article notes Ukraine's global innovations regarding the use of digital documents (e-passports) in the Diya application, which have the same legal force as their physical counterparts - a plastic ID card and a paper passport, despite some limitations. The action continues to develop, generating new applications e-Notary, e-Property, e-Migration, e-IDP, etc. Currently, 14 digital documents and 25 services are available in the application, and more than 90 services are available on the portal. The Ministry of Digital Affairs communicates with countries in Europe, Africa and Asia, which are interested in Ukraine's digital experience. The importance of migration forecasting using new ana­lytical tools of Big Data, Google Trends, statistics of social network platforms (YouTube, Instagram, FB, Twitter) was noted, which can be used to assess and forecast flows of forced emigration of refugees from Ukraine, understanding their needs, intentions and plans. The study expresses a warning that massive waves of migration caused, including the war in Ukraine, could become a destabilizing factor within the European Union community and proves on the example of domestic and foreign experience that global migration processes will require taking interests of migrants into account, as a large and growing community in the world, in the policy of providing electronic services and electronic governance of the host countries. The conclusion for­mulates that for world balance and security of individual regions and countries, the migration policy should contain digital tools for information and social security of migrants.

The increasing number of cases of poverty and human-made disasters has exacerbated the issue of displacement in the previous years. Narratives of the experiences of the Internally Displaced Persons living in the cities have not been thoroughly reported at the local context. The purpose of this study is to describe the lived experience of the internally displaces persons currently residing in Cotabato City, Philippines. This research utilized mixed methods design in the triangulation of the results, quantitative approach was used in the first part of the study. Descriptive-qualitative data were gathered through Focused Group Discussion and in-depth interviews. Generally, this study discovered that IDPs consistently faced financial difficulties living with poverty in the rural areas, which motivated them to resettle and live in the urban areas. It was revealed that living in the city was definitely privileged for their peace of mind in terms of source of income which helped their husband sustained and augment their financial status, and inspired in religious gathering. Moreover, the IDPs preferred to stay in the city where their children pursue education, financially sustained, strengthen gender roles in Islamic teachings and access to health care services.

The scientific work aims to determine which rights are provided for forcibly resettled persons in Ukraine and other European countries, identifying common and distinctive features. This study uses various research methods to assess the situation of internally displaced persons in Ukraine, including their legal status, regional distribution, and rights under special conditions. It also investigates Ukrainian forced migrants’ main destinations, living conditions, rights to education and employment, and Ukrainian and host countries’ social policies on financial aid and housing.

Background Displacement has been associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission. In light of the lack of data from Libya on sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS knowledge, the effort was undertaken to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes towards HIV and condom use in Libyan internally displaced males (IDPs) in Tripoli. Methods Cross-sectional study design using purposive sampling to identify internally displaced Libyan males from five camps in Tripoli. HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes towards HIV and condom use, and prevention practices were evaluated through a self-administered, close/ended anonymous questionnaire in Arabic. Results The study population consisted of 390 participants, all Muslims, with a mean age of 32.81 years (SD = 8.93). Overall, the average HIV and prevention knowledge score was 6.34 (SD = 1.98). The majority of the respondents thereby had an insufficient or low knowledge’ level of HIV and prevention knowledge (58.70%). The mean attitude score indicated overall a negative attitude towards condom use (Mean = 32.60, SD = 7.97). Conclusions This is the first biobehavioral survey among IDPs in Libya demonstrating a low level of HIV and prevention knowledge as well as a prevailing negative attitude level of HIV/AIDS and condom use.