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field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2013-14 at Agronomy Research Farm of N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) to study the "Effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Treatments consist of 12 levels of fertility were evaluated in a randomized block design. The plant height, dry matter accumulation, no. of effective tillers m-2 and grain yields were significantly higher under incorporation of 125% recommended dose of fertilizer + 25% N through vermicompost, however, test weight, nitrogen and protein content were shows no significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh during 2010-12 to evaluate the effect of nine different combinations of integrated plant nutrient supply including 3 different type of composts prepared from carpet waste generated in huge amount from carpet industry, farmyard manure and compared with the recommended dose of NPK (120:60:60 kg/ha) through inorganic fertilizer on productivity, economics, energetic, nutrient uptake and soil health of rice (Oryza sativa L.) - potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping sequence. Bioinoculants such as cellulose decomposers (Trichoderma viride, Pleurotus sajor), P-solubilizing microbes (Bacillus polymyxa) and free living N-fixers (Azotobacter spp), essential nutrients, i.e. S and Zn were used as compost culture to hasten the composting process and improve the quality of the composts. The results indicated that net energy return (260 033.2 Rupees/ha), rice grain equivalent yield and nutrient uptake was significantly (P < 0.05) higher under recommended dose of NPK compared to the rest of the treatments but statistically similar with 75% RN through inorganic fertilizer and 25% N through carpet waste + cow dung slurry + Pleurotus sajor + Azotobacter + PSB + Trichoderma + enriched with S and Zn (251 886 Rupees/ha). The soil fertility status was found to be significantly improved due to application of various composts compared to sole application of 100% NPK inorganic fertilizer. Thus, substitution of chemical Nfertilizer to the tune of 25% nitrogen through carpet waste + cow dung slurry + Pleurotus sajor + Azotobacter + PSB + Trichoderma + Enrichment with S and Zn increased productivity and profitability in rice-potato cropping sequence with better soil health on long term basis.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate various integrated nutrient management packages to evaluate the yield, quality and economics of banana (Musa × paradisaca L.) cultivation during 2008-2010. The response of INM on economics of tissue cultured banana cv. Grand Naine indicated that the overall cost of cultivation as well as economics of banana production was significantly influenced by integration of biofertilizers, organic manure and inorganic fertilizers. Among the different treatments, highest expenditure of ₹ 264 110.00 per ha was incurred in 100% RDF + VAM + Azospirillum + PSB + Trichoderma harzianum. However, the same treatment recorded the highest gross as well as net income. In spite of maximum cost of cultivation, the highest cost benefit ratio of 4.22:1 was also recorded in this treatment, followed by 75% RDF +VAM + Azospirillum + PSB + Trichoderma harzianum.

An experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) during kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013 on transplanted rice under rice-greengram cropping sequence in randomized block design with five treatments replicated four times. The treatment imparted to rice crop was integrated nutrient management viz., T1-General RDF (RDF: 100-30-00 kg N-P-K/ha+FYM @ 10 t/ha), T2-75% RDN through chemical fertilizer+25% RDN through biocompost, T3-75% RDN through chemical fertilizer+25% RDN through vermicompost, T4-75% RDN through chemical fertilizer+25% RDN through FYM and T5-Control. On the basis of pooled mean, the results indicated that application of general RDF (RDF+FYM @ 10 t/ha) recorded significantly highest grain and straw yields of rice as well as total NPK uptake by rice (grain and straw) than other treatments followed by 75% RDN through chemical fertilizer+25% RDN through vermicompost. However, maximum net returns and benefit ratio were noted with the application of 75% RDN through chemical fertilizer+25% RDN through biocompost followed by general RDF (RDF+FYM @ 10 t/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on cumulative and residual effects of Integrated Nutrient Management of khraif rice on soil fertility status of rabi green gram was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle during rabi 2009 and 2010. Results revealed that irrespective of the treatments, the organic carbon content observed under cumulative effects were higher than their corresponding residual treatments and the contents were higher in second year than first year. All the treatments meant for cumulative effects recorded higher available nutrient status than their corresponding residual treatments. The increase in mean available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents after harvest of greengram due to cumulative effects was 5.6 & 5.18, 14.36 & 16, 4.14 & 4.3 % during 2009 and 2010, respectively. In case of inicronutrients, the percent increase during 2009 and 2010 in cumulative effects over residual effects was, 5.1 & 11.54 (Zn), 2.6 & 5.45 (Fe), 9.5 and 10.1 (Cu)and2 & 3.53 % (Mn), respectively. Among cumulative and residual effects, cumulative effects performed better and between two years build up was more in second year than first year. Among different treatments, the treatment which received 75 % recommended dose of chemical fertilizers + vegetable market waste @ 2 .5 1 ha-1 to kharif rice and 50 % chemical fertilizers to rabi greengram) recorded significantly higher available macro and micronutrient status and it was on par with 50 % chemical fertilizers+ vegetable market waste vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 to kharif rice and 50 % recommended dose of chemical fertilizers to rabi greengram) and 75 % chemical fertilizers+weed vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 to khraif rice and 50 % chemical fertilizers to rabi greengram). The treatment with 100 % chemical fertilizers to kharif rice and 50 % chemical fertilizers to rabi greengram recorded significantly lower available nutrient status, which was significantly lower than the integrated nutrient treatments, but was superior to absolute control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chickpea is a major legume crop of Pakistan cultivated under rice-chickpea cropping system. Integrated nutrient management is important for higher crop yields and sustainable agriculture. A field experiment was conducted to study the residual effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of chickpea crop. The treatments included control (no organic or inorganic fertilizer), NPK (36-72-0 kg ha-1), NPK (36-72-20 kg ha-1), Farmyard Manure (20 t ha-1), Poultry Manure (20 t ha-1), NPK (18-36-10 kg ha-1) + FYM (20 t ha-1), NPK (18-36-10 kg ha-1) + P.M (20 t ha-1), NPK (36-72-20 kg ha-1) + FYM (20 t ha-1), NPK (36-72-20 kg ha-1) + P.M (20 t ha-1), NPK (18-36-10 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1), and NPK (18-36-10 kg ha-1) + P.M (10 t ha-1). All the relevant agronomic observations and chemical analysis of the soil and plant samples were recorded. The application of organic sources of farmyard manure and poultry manure in combination with inorganic NPK fertilizers had shown positive effect on chickpea plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1 and seed index. The growth and yield of chickpea significantly increased with the collective application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures. It is concluded that the application of half of recommended dose of NKP (18-36-10 kg ha-1) in combination with poultry manure or farmyard manure at the rate of 20 t ha-1 was found best combination for higher chickpea crop yields in compare to other levels of fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a field experiment conducted at OUAT, Bhubaneswar on basmati rice varieties under system of rice intensification (SRI) showed that the application of organic manure (FYM 15.0 t ha-1) produced high grain yield (4415 kg ha-1), biomass yield (10946 kg ha-1) and NPK removal comparable to those of INM (50% RDF+7.5 ton FYM ha-1), but significantly greater than those of inorganic fertilization (RDF). Organic manuring (OM) and INM recorded higher gross return but RDF paid higher net return. OM also showed greater available NPK contents and NPK balance in soil than those of INM and RDF. The lowest available NPK contents and NPK balance were recorded RDF treated plots. Cultivar Pusa Basmati-1 performed significantly better than Geetanjali variety. Crop planted at close spacing (20×20 cm2) increased yield and NPK removal over those of wide spacing (25×25 cm2); but had no effect on available NPK contents and reverse effect on NPK balance in soil. Crop productivity, nutrient removal, nutrient content and nutrient balance in soil did not vary much with 10 and 15-day old seedling. The results suggest growing Pusa Basmati-1 at close spacing (20×20 cm2) with 10 to 15-day old single seedlings with organic manuring or INM practice for higher yield and better nutrient balance in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted at Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri a representative place for the vertisols of Deccan plateau of India to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on crop yield and soil physical, chemical and biological properties in the cotton-chickpea cropping sequence. There were seven treatments applied to hybrid cotton and each plot of summer cotton was equally divided into four parts to chickpea. Application of Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) according to Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) equation recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield and cotton equivalent yield, however it was at par with 10 t Farm Yard Manure (FYM) ha-1 + RDF. Chickpea registered significantly higher seed yield in 10 t FYM ha-1 + RDF and it was at par with 100% RDN through vermicompost. 100% RDF registered significantly superior seed chickpea seed yield and cotton equivalent yield. The soil physical, chemical and biological properties determined at the end of two crop cycles were improved due to the application of manures in sole or in combination with chemical fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present investigation has been conducted to assess the efficiency of few selected and simulated options of integrated nutrient management and plant growth regulator in improving okra growth and increasing okra yield ( Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in an inceptisol at Gayeshpur, West Bengal, India (23° N 89° E at 9.75 m above MSL). The experimental soils were neutral, non-saline, sandy loam, low in organic carbon, available N, DTPA extractable micronutrients, moderate in available P and medium in available K contents. The experiment was laid out in an asymmetric factorial design with seven different treatments of integrated nutrient management (INM) and two levels of gibberellic acid (GA). Okra yield, macro and micronutrients uptake by okra pod, available nutrient status in post-harvest soil were observed to increase significantly when chemical N and P were supplemented by organic manures and/or bacterial fertilizers along with application of GA. Application of 75% of NP + total K through chemical fertilizers along with Azospirillum , PSB, VAM and FYM restored highest soil nutrient availability and okra pod nutrient accumulation. Highest okra yield and best economic return could be achieved when PSB and FYM were used to supplement 75% of N, P + total K. Okra yield models, developed through artificial neural network (ANN), clearly indicated the manifest role of soil and okra pod N, P, Zn, Fe and Mn in increasing productivity under interventions of bacterial fertilizers (PSB and VAM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted for three consecutive years during rabi from 2010-11 to 2012-13 at Floricultural Research Station, Hyderabad to study the influence of integrated nutrient management practices to improve the growth and flower yield of Tuberose cv. Hyderabad Double. The treatments consist of combination of organic fertilizers and bio inoculants along with different levels of NPK (100%, 75% and 50%RDF). Compared to 100 % RDF with FYM alone, application of 75% RDF in integration with farm yard manure (FYM), vermicompos (VC), Azospirillum (AZO) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB) (T4) has significantly yielded maximum number of spikes per plant (2.33) with increased spike length, rachis length, number of florets per spike and also maximum number of bulbs per plant (32.60). B: C ratio ranged between 2.09 - 2.60 with its maximum exhibited by 75% RDF with FYM, VC, AZO and PSB(T4) followed by 50 % RDF with FYM, VC, AZO and PSB (T7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase and sustain crop productivity by reducing agro-chemical inputs for economic and environmental reasons, a field study was conducted on an experimental farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India during 2009–2012. The efficiency of three nutrient regimes, i.e., organic fertilization (OF), integrated nutrient management (INM) practice, and recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (CF) was evaluated, relative to productivity and phosphorus balance in rice(Oryza sativa)-wheat(Triticum aestivum)cropping system, using a split plot design. The OF practice significantly increased the productivity of rice, whereas INM practice was more beneficial for wheat crop as far as the crop yield was concerned. The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of OF practice in relation to CF was 39.62%, 16.98%, and 41.93%, respectively, in the first, second, and third year of rice crop cycle, whereas with INM practice, it was 61.76%, 23.68%, and 54.16%, respectively. The soil phosphorus (P) balance after three rice-wheat crop cycles was higher with CF than with INM and OF practices, indicating low P availability and higher P accumulation in soil receiving chemical fertilizers. Both OF and INM practices recorded higher P availability and no P accumulation in soil. We concluded that OF and INM practices could be employed as an alternative to CF practices for rice-wheat cropping system, but to reduce the P depletion from soil under these practices, a shift from conventional compost to phosphorus-enriched compost prepared by amending composting substrate with animal manure/rock phosphate and its bio-augmentation with P-mineralizing/solubilizing microorganisms is desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural stem and progenitor cells have a central role in the development and evolution of the mammalian neocortex. In this review, we first provide a set of criteria to classify the various types of cortical stem and progenitor cells. We then discuss the issue of cell polarity, as well as specific subcellular features of these cells that are relevant for their modes of division and daughter cell fate. In addition, cortical stem and progenitor cell behavior is placed into a tissue context, with consideration of extracellular signals and cell-cell interactions. Finally, the differences across species regarding cortical stem and progenitor cells are dissected to gain insight into key developmental and evolutionary mechanisms underlying neocortex expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth of Aquilaria malaccensis and soil properties. The results revealed that the integration of 200mg: 300mg : 200mg of NPK + Vermicompost (5g) + Azophos (5g) enhanced the various growth parameters like shoot length and dry matter production at all stages of seedling growth viz., 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after transplanting. In addition, the INM treatment also enhanced the quality index and volume index used for the evaluation of seedling quality characteristics. The analysis of soil samples for the physico-chemical characters viz., pH and EC and the nutrient status of the soil through available N, P and K and organic carbon both initially and at 120 days after transplanting (DAT) revealed that there was no profound influence of INM on soil pH and EC but, the organic carbon (2.98 g kg-1), available nitrogen (190 kg ha-1), phosphorus (7.90 kg ha-1) and potash (192 kg ha-1) status in the soil was found to be appreciably increased with the application of 200mg: 300mg : 200mg of NPK + Vermicompost (5g) + Azophos (5g)bag-1. Compared to all the treatments, control registered the lowest growth attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a field experiment conducted during the kharif season of 2007 and 2008 at OUAT, Bhubaneswar on basmati rice varieties under system of rice intensification (SRI) showed that application of organic manure (FYM 15.0 t ha-1) improved growth attributes like plant height, tillering, LAI and CGR of basmati rice varieties, increased panicle production and filled grains panicle-1, produced high grain (4.42 t ha-1 ) and straw (6.57 t ha-1 ) yields and fetched the high gross return comparable to those of INM (50% RDF+7.5 t FYM ha-1), but significantly greater than those of inorganic fertilization (RDF). However, use of RDF (60-30-30 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) was more remunerative in terms of net returns and returns per rupee invested than organic manuring or INM practice due to higher cost of organic manures. The basmati rice variety Pusa Basmati-1 performed better than Geetanjali. Similarly, crop planted at close spacing (20×20 cm2) showed improved growth and increased yield and profit over those of wide spacing (25×25 cm2); but growth, yield and economics of basmati rice did not vary much between the crops planted with 10 and 15-day old seedlings. The results suggest to grow Pusa Basmati-1 at 20×20 cm2 spacing with 10 or 15-day old single seedlings under organic manuring or INM practice for better growth, higher yield and greater profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cumulative and residual effects of integrated nutrient management of kharif rice on soil enzyme activities i.e urease, phosphatase, dehydrogenase and cellulase at different growth stages of rabi greengram were tested in an Inceptisol in North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh during rabi 2009 and 2010. Results revealed that all the cumulative treatments showed higher soil enzyme activities at different stages of greengram than their corresponding residual treatments in both the years. Urease, phosphatase, dehydrogenase and cellulase activities at different growth stages of the greengram gradually increased over the age of the crop and attained higher activity at flowering and gradually decreased at harvest. All the enzyme activities except cellulase were significantly higher in the plots which received 75 % RDFN + vegetable market waste vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, during preceding rice crop. It was closely followed by 75 % RDFN + weed vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and 100 % Prathista organic manures. Whereas higher cellulase activity was recorded in paddy straw vermicompost treated plots. The over all effect of chemical fertilizers was found to be lower than integrated use of different vermicomposts with respect to enzyme activity during both the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted on direct and residual effect of integrated nutrient management on crop productivity and physicochemical characteristics of allfisols in okra-pea cropping system in Kashmir valley. The okra was grown as main crop and pea as residual crop. The experiment was laid out in simple square lattice design having 25 treatments with two replications. The pooled data revealed that integrated nutrient management significantly influenced the productivity of main as well as residual crop, physico-chemical properties and microbial activity of experimental soil. Among various treatments under study, treatment T24 (FYM, sheep manure, poultry manure and vermicompost (3, 2, 0.5, 0.6 tonnes ha-1, respectively) along with biofertilizers (Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria; both as seed inoculant @ 1.0 kg ha-1 and as soil inoculant @ 2.5 kg ha-1) and 50 % recommended dose (RDF) of fertilizers (N:P2O5: K2O, 60:30:30 kg ha-1, respectively) resulted significantly maximum fruit yield of okra (272.71 q ha-1) and pod yield of pea (123.56 q ha-1). The physico-chemical characteristics of the soil under study showed an improvement with organics application as compared to initial, control and RFD. Soil under the treatment T24 showed lowest bulk density, particle density and pH; and highest porosity, EC, and organic carbon content. Available nutrients in soil (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphar) and microbial population (fungi and bacteria) were also recorded maximum with treatment T24. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 in sandy clay loam soil at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, UAS, GKVK campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka to study yield attributes, nutrient uptake and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid NAH 1137 (Hema) and economics of maize cultivation as influenced by nutrient management through various fertilization approaches. The investigation consisted SSNM through fertilizers for targeted yield of 8 and 10 t ha-1, SSNM through INM for targeted yield of 8 and 10 t ha-1, STCR through fertilizers for targeted yield of 8 and 10 t ha-1, STCR through INM for targeted yield of 8 and 10 t ha-1. These eight treatments were compared with 100 per cent RDF and100 per cent RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1, and were replicated thrice. Among the treatments, SSNM through fertilizers for targeted yield of 10 t ha-1 recorded higher dry matter production (501.4 g), cob length (20.3 cm), number of grain rows cob-1 (20.5), number of grains row-1 (41.3), number of grains plant-1 (891.2) test weight (32.9 g) and significantly higher grain yield (9.77 t ha-1) as compared to other treatments. Whereas, significantly lower cob length (16.5 cm) number of grain rows cob-1 (13.6), number of grains row-1 (31.4), number of grains plant-1 (426.7) test weight (21.4 g), Grain yield (4.04 t ha-1) were recorded in the treatment with the application of 100 % RDF. Significantly higher nutrient uptake (504.8, 103.1 and 212.3 N, P and K kg ha-1) was recorded in SSNM through fertilizers for targeted yield of 10 t ha-1 over 100 % RDF (219.4, 32.2 and 73; N, P and K kg ha-1) and economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) is a key feature of cortical neurogenesis. INM functions to maximize the output of the neuroepithelium, and more importantly, balance the self-renewal and differentiation of the progenitors. Although INM has been reported to be highly correlated with the cell cycle, little is known about the effects of cell cycle regulators on INM. In this study, by crossing Foxm1fl/fl mice with Emx1-Cre line, we report that a conditional disruption of forkhead transcription factor M1 (Foxm1) in dorsal telencephalon results in abnormal cell cycle progression, leading to impairedINMthrough the downregulation of Cyclin b1 and Cdc25b. The impairment of INM disturbs the synchronization of apical progenitors (APs) and promotes the transition from APs to basal progenitors (BPs) in a cell-autonomous fashion. Moreover, ablation ofFoxm1causes anxiety-related behaviors in adulthood. Thus, this study provides evidence of linkages among the cell cycle regulator Foxm1, INM, and adult behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field experiment was conducted at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during 2008-09 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on wheat under rice-wheat cropping system in a Mollisol. Twelve treatments were replicated twice in split plot design with 12 main and 2 sub plots. Plant height, number of tillers, wheat grain and straw yield were noted. Nutrient content (N, P, K & S) in wheat and nutrient uptake (N, P, K & S) by wheat were determined. Partial replacement of N through FYM and wheat and moong straw resulted in significant improvement in nutrient concentration as well as their uptake and wheat yield. The treatments with 100% N or NPK and 50% N applied through moong straw were better than all other treatments and moong straw proved the best among organic sources of N studied in respect of its effect on wheat yield & nutrient status in plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth of Ailanthus excelsa and soil properties. The results revealed that the integration of 150 mg of N, 200 mg of P2O5 and 100 mg of K2O kg-1 soil along with vermicompost 40 g bag-1 enhanced the various growth parameters like shoot length and dry matter production at all stages of seedling growth viz., 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting. In addition, the INM treatment also enhanced the volume index and quality index used for the evaluation of seedling quality characteristics. The analysis of soil samples for the physico-chemical characters viz., pH and EC and the nutrient status of the soil through available N, P and K and organic carbon both initially and at 90 DAT revealed that there was no profound influence of INM on soil pH and EC but, the organic carbon (4.8 g kg-1), available nitrogen (261 kg ha-1), phosphorus (14.9 kg ha-1), and potash (208 kg ha-1) status in the soil was appreciably increased with the application of 150 mg of N, 200 mg of P2O5 and 100 mg of K2O kg-1 soil supplemented with vermicompost 40 g bag-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 in sandy clay loam soil at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, UAS, GKVK campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka to study yield attributes, nutrient uptake and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid NAH 1137 (Hema) and economics of maize cultivation as influenced by nutrient management through various fertilization approaches. The investigation consisted SSNM through fertilizers for targeted yield of 8 and 10 t ha-1, SSNM through INM for targeted yield of 8 and 10 t ha-1, STCR through fertilizers for targeted yield of 8 and 10 t ha-1, STCR through INM for targeted yield of 8 and 10 t ha-1. These eight treatments were compared with 100 per cent RDF and100 per cent RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1, and were replicated thrice. Among the treatments, SSNM through fertilizers for targeted yield of 10 t ha-1 recorded higher dry matter production (501.4 g), cob length (20.3 cm), number of grain rows cob-1 (20.5), number of grains row-1 (41.3), number of grains plant-1 (891.2) test weight (32.9 g) and significantly higher grain yield (9.77 t ha-1) as compared to other treatments. Whereas, significantly lower cob length (16.5 cm) number of grain rows cob-1 (13.6), number of grains row-1 (31.4), number of grains plant-1 (426.7) test weight (21.4 g), Grain yield (4.04 t ha-1) were recorded in the treatment with the application of 100% RDF. Significantly higher nutrient uptake (504.8, 103.1 and 212.3 N, P and K kg ha-1) was recorded in SSNM through fertilizers for targeted yield of 10 t ha-1 over 100% RDF (219.4, 32.2 and 73; N, P and K kg ha-1) and economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted on loamy sand soil of during kharif 2008. Among the different treatments, application of 100 % RDN through Urea + Rhizobium + PSB recorded significantly higher plant height at harvest (104.7 cm), number of nodules/plant at 50 DAS (23.5), green weight of nodule/plant at 50 DAS (96.0 mg), number of pods/plant at harvest (31.1), seed yield/plant (10.12 g), 100-seed weight (5.87 g), dry mailer /plant at harvest (31.74 g), Seed yield (910 kg/ha) and Stover yield (2737 kg/ha), over rest of the treatments. The highest net return (₹9631/ ha) and BCR (2.13) were recorded with the application of 100 % RDN through Urea + Rhizobium + PSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The productivity, input use efficiency, cost-benefit ratio and energy use pattern of vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.) production were significantly influenced by the use of integrated nutrient management technology (INM). The on-farm experimental data on three most popular varieties of pea (Azad P1, Azad P3 and Arkel) under different sets of nutrient management treatments with conventional flood irrigation and sprinkler irrigation for five years were collected from Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi. Nutrient management with optimum dose of NPK along with sulphur (from organic source i.e. pressmud @ 2 t ha-1) and seed treatments with Rhizobium inoculums coupled with sprinkler irrigation on 28 and 49 days after sowing were found to be a promising agro - technique to enhance seed yield (9.7 -13.5 q ha-1), agronomic/chemical nutrient use efficiency (0.22/170) and economic return (C: B=1:3.2). The peer conventional farmers' practice comprising of N, P and K application @ 30, 60 and 80 kg ha-1 respectively followed by flood irrigation just before flowering stage was found to produce 6-9 q ha-1 seed yield with nutrient use efficiency of 0.07/92 and cost-benefit ratio 1:1.96. The output - input energy ratio analysis of vegetable pea cultivation was found to range from 5.5 to 7.2 as compared to 4.2 reported for wheat production in Uttar Pradesh, India. This paper suggested that adoption of developed integrated nutrient management module for vegetable pea cultivation could reap higher economic return and save energy as compared to wheat cultivation in transect 4 of the Gangetic Plain region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted at KVK, Srinagar during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 to study the "Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management for Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Temperate Conditions". The experiment was laid out under 18 treatment combinations viz., three levels of recommended inorganic fertilizers (50, 75 and 100% RD), three levels of organic manures (control, FYM 10 t ha-1 and Dalweed 10 t ha-1) and two levels of biofertilizers (control and dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB) in randomised complete block design with three replications. Lysine content was found superior with application of 75% recommended inorganic fertilizers over other levels, Linoleic acid content increased with increasing levels of recommended inorganic fertilizers. Among organics FYM (10 t ha-1) yielded significantly superior results for seed quality than Dalweed (10 t ha-1). Dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB showed significantly superior seed quality over control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable agricultural production incorporates the idea that natural resources should be used to generate increased output and incomes, especially for low income groups without depleting the natural resource base. Integrated nutrient management (INM) integrates the use of all natural and man- made sources of plant nutrients, so that productivity and nutrient status of food increases in an efficient and environmentally benefiting manner without sacrificing soil productivity of future generations. Integrated nutrient management relies on a number of factors including appropriate nutrient application and conservation and the transfer of knowledge about INM practices to farmers through extension personal. Tomato is the most popular home garden and the third most consumed crop in the world. It is very much beneficial for health because of its high nutrient status. Integrated nutrient management effects on its yield and quality parameters to a great extent. This review paper therefore, present review on various aspects of INM use to improve soil environment and tomato yield and quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A five-year (2001/02-2006/07) field experiment was carried out on acidic clay loam soil classified as Typic Hapludalf with a maize-mustard crop sequence to study the effect of continuous application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers alone and in combination with lime, farmyard manure (FYM), and biofertilizers on soil physical properties, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), and crop yields on the hilly ecosystem of Meghalaya. Significant improvement in the soil physical conditions of the soil was observed under integrated application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers. Addition of NPK fertilizers along with organic manure, lime, and biofertilizers increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content, aggregate stability, moisture-retention capacity, and infiltration rate of the soil while reducing bulk density. The SOC content under the treatment of 100% NPK + lime + biofertilizer + FYM was significantly greater (68.58%) than in control plots. Maize and mustard crop yields also significantly increased (4.73- and 21.09-folds, respectively) with continuous application of balanced inorganic (100% NPK) + lime + biofertilizer + FYM as compared to the control plots. However, crop yields drastically reduced under application of integrated nutrients without FYM as compared to the treatment with FYM application. Thus, the results suggest that integrated use of a balanced inorganic fertilizer in combination with lime and organic manure sustains a soil physical environment that is better for achieving higher crop productivity under intensive cropping systems in the hilly ecosystem of northeastern India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2014 at the Research farm of Soil Science, Allahabad School of Agriculture, laid out in randomized block design, consisted nine treatments and three replications, it was observed that growth and yield of green gram in treatment N20P40K40+ FYM @10 t ha-1 and Rhizobium was maximum. Maximum plant height 50.66 cm, number of leaves plant-1 33.00, number of branches plant-1 4.66 at 60 DAS, number of cluster plant-1 9.33, number of pods plant-1 37.33 and total seed yield 12.10 q ha-1 were found to be significant over all other treatment. Adequate plant nutrient supply holds the key for improving the growth and food grain production of crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the concentrations and elemental compositions of the atmospheric aerosol particles at two altitudes of a canyon street in the urban area of Patras (Greece). About 35 elements were determined, for most of the samples, by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). All these elements may not appear in every sample, but their majority did. Particularly, 21 elements were detected in all samples, while 15 additional elements could only be detected in the majority of the samples. The concentrations of the trace elements were compared to the Typical Urban Concentrations (TUCs) and found to be relatively equal, except for Zn and Eu in some cases, and Fe that significantly exceeded in TUC. The percentage (by weight of total PM) of analyzed trace elements was calculated. Patras has a relatively low enriched (by trace elements) atmosphere. The diagrams of concentration range of the analyzed elements, at both heights, are presented. The maximum concentration and maximum width at the lower sampling height (3 m) was examined. The individual trace pollutant concentration (Ci) in relation to that of total particulate aerosol (TPM) is useful for a preliminary estimation of the sources' local distribution. Marine aerosols, traffic-related and mineral particles are proved to be the largest single contributors. In general, a large quantitative differentiation of pollutant concentration levels, at the two sampling sites, has been observed. These results illustrate the important effect of the street canyon orientation and configuration on the pollutant exchange between the micro-environment of the street canyon and the upper air layer. Finally, important results could be deduced by the direct correlation between trace concentrations and meteorological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Integrated noise model (INM) is the most internationally used software to calculate noise levels near airports. Take off, landing or pass by operations can be modeled by INM, but it does not consider aircrafts taxiing, which, in some cases, can be important to accurately evaluate and reduce airports’ noise assessment. Aircraft taxiing noise emission can be predicted using other prediction tools based on standards that describe sound attenuation during propagation outdoors. But these tools require data inputs that are not known: directivity and sound power levels emitted by aircraft during taxiing. This paper describes methods used to calculate directivity indexes and sound power levels, based on field measurements made in Madrid-Barajas Airport (Spain). Obtained results can be used as inputs for general purpose outdoor sound prediction software, which will be able to evaluate noise at airports vicinity as industrial noise. Directivity and sound power levels have been estimated in octave and third octave band terms, for several aircraft families. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Studies were conducted in Bangladesh to investigate the effects of using nutrient recycling of organic wastes and chemical fertilizers for developing integrated fertilizer management packages to improve sugar productivity and soil health. The incubation study revealed that organic wastes having low to moderate C/N ratios increased mineral N but that with high C/N ratio and lignin content favoured N immobilization, microbial biomass C and N formation in soil. In pot experiment, it was found that combined application of the organic wastes (press mud / cow dung / sugarcane trash / mustard oil cake) at 2 g C kg-1 soil along with chemical N increased mineral N, and microbial biomass C and N contents in soil. In field studies, it was confirmed that the integrated application by nutrients recycling from organic wastes of press mud at 10–20 and rice mill ash at 10 t ha−1 along with 25–50% reduced chemical fertilizers (N, P, K, S and Zn) gave higher yields in plant and ratoon sugarcane (72.34–102.421 ha−1) and higher economic return of Bangladesh Taka 15, 170.00 to 47, 340.00 (~ US $ 233 to 728) per hectare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stegodontids, elephant-like proboscideans, flourished in the Neogene and Quaternary of Asia. The most significant recent finding in the study of stegodontids is the new stegodons and stegolophodons fossils from Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand and Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan. Those specimens show a transition from stegolophodons to stegodons and support the idea that stegodons originated in Asia.Evolution of island forms from the mainland ancestral one is best documented in the Japanese islands. The following succession is present in Japan: S. zdanskyi, S. miensis, an intermediate form between S. miensis and S. aurorae, S. aurorae, and S. orientalis. The former three taxa represent a single lineage. The succession from S. zdanskyi to S. miensis may have been present also in the coastal area of China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Airport operation is a major source of community concerns due to aircraft noise emissions particularly in locations close to airports and aircraft flight tracks. The effects of aircraft noise on humans can cause hearing damage for people working at airports and speech and sleep interference which can develop into stress for nearby communities. As such, it becomes essential when locating and designing to expand airports to optimize flight paths in a way to reduce noise exposure to nearby communities. For this purpose, it is required to assess changes in noise levels resulting from new runway configurations, evaluate increased aircraft operation demand, new fleet mix, revised routings and airspace structures, alternative flight profiles, and modifications to other operational procedures. This paper presents a noise impact assessment for the proposed expansion at the Beirut International Airport, Lebanon. Field noise measurements were collected at sensitive noise receptors along selected locations around the airport and the corresponding airport traffic flow was characterized. A mathematical model was then applied to simulate noise levels as a function of the different airplane classes, operations, flight path, and landing characteristics. The model was also used to predict future noise levels, optimize airplane flight path, and assess mitigation measures to minimize potential aircraft noise impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sevenfold improved axial resolution has been achieved in three-dimensional widefield fluorescence microscopy, using a novel interferometric technique in which the sample is observed and/or illuminated from both sides simultaneously using two opposing objective lenses. Separate interference effects in the excitation light and the emitted light give access to higher resolution axial information about the sample than can be reached by conventional widefield or confocal microscopes. Here we report the experimental verification of this resolution performance on complex biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was carried out at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand tofind out the effect of different plant densities and integrated nutrient management on N, P and K content and uptake of quality protein maize (QPM) during spring 2010 in factorial randomized block design replicated thrice with three plant densities viz., 66,666, 83,333 and 100,000 plants ha-1 and five modes of nutrition viz., 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) inorganic, 125 % RDF inorganic, 100 % recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through inorganic + 25 % RDN through organic, 75 % RDN through inorganic + 25 % RDN through organic and 50 % RDN through inorganic + 50 % RDN through organic The results revealed that high plant density resulted in reduction of N, P and K content in source as well as sink while fertilizer application either through inorganic alone or in variable combinations with organic did not influence nutrient content neither in source nor in sink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteome regulates gene expression, chromatin organization, and nuclear transport; however, it is poorly understood how changes in INM protein composition contribute to developmentally regulated processes, such as gametogenesis. We conducted a screen to determine how the INM proteome differs between mitotic cells and gametes. In addition, we used a strategy that allowed us to determine if spores synthesize their INM proteins de novo, rather than inheriting their INM proteins from the parental cell. This screen used a split-GFP complementation system, where we were able to compare the distribution of all C-terminally tagged transmembrane proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in gametes to that of mitotic cells. Gametes contain a distinct INM proteome needed to complete gamete formation, including expression of genes linked to cell wall biosynthesis, lipid biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, protein degradation, and unknown functions. Based on the inheritance pattern, INM components are made de novo in the gametes. Whereas mitotic cells show a strong preference for proteins with small extraluminal domains, gametes do not exhibit this size preference likely due to the changes in the nuclear permeability barrier during gametogenesis. Taken together, our data provide evidence for INM changes during gametogenesis and shed light on mechanisms used to shape the INM proteome of spores., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Genetics Society of America.)

A field experiment was carried out at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand to find out the effect of different plant densities and integrated nutrient management on N, P and K content and uptake of quality protein maize (QPM) during spring 2010 in factorial randomized block design replicated thrice with three plant densities viz., 66,666, 83,333 and 100,000 plants ha-1 and five modes of nutrition viz., 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) inorganic, 125% RDF inorganic, 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through inorganic + 25% RDN through organic, 75% RDN through inorganic + 25% RDN through organic and 50% RDN through inorganic + 50% RDN through organic The results revealed that high plant density resulted in reduction of N, P and K content in source as well as sink while fertilizer application either through inorganic alone or in variable combinations with organic did not influence nutrient content neither in source nor in sink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]