848 results on '"INKT CELLS"'
Search Results
202. iNKT cells and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Two-phase activation of iNKT cells may improve outcome
- Author
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Mark A. Exley, Afshin Derakhshani, and Mohammad Fereidouni
- Subjects
business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ,INKT Cells ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ,Immunotherapy ,medicine.disease ,Lymphoma ,Immunomodulation ,Transplantation ,Leukemia ,surgical procedures, operative ,Immune system ,immune system diseases ,Immunity ,medicine ,Humans ,Natural Killer T-Cells ,Immunology and Allergy ,business - Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) produce large amounts of different cytokines which can influence differentiation, polarization and activation of immune cells, particularly NK and T cells. iNKT have been shown to suppress GvHD and promote anti-tumor and anti-pathogen immunity. There are highly specific and safe synthetic ligands such as alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and C20:2 which activate iNKT cells toward relatively Th1 and Th2 pathways, respectively. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or 'hematopoietic stem cell transplantation' (HSCT) is effective for leukemia and lymphoma through 'graft-versus-leukemia' (GVL) immunity. However, frequent serious complications include graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), opportunistic infections and relapse. Both GVHD and GVL are mediated by T cells. Manipulating iNKT by different lipid analogues in early and late phases after transplantation may suppress GVHD and graft rejection and enhance GVL effect, as well as resistance to opportunistic infections and so, could be a novel and effective strategy for improving HSCT outcome.
- Published
- 2019
203. Evaluation of the frequency of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in nasal polyps
- Author
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Fatemeh Vahidian, Mehdi Bakhshaee, Afshin Derakhshani, Mark A. Exley, Reza Farid Hosseini, Saeed Nasseri, Simon Yue, and Mohammad Fereidouni
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Adolescent ,Th2 response ,Immunology ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Flow cytometry ,Leukocyte Count ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nasal Polyps ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Nasal polyps ,Sinusitis ,Invariant (mathematics) ,Invariant natural killer T-cell ,Rhinitis ,Asthma ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,INKT Cells ,Immunoglobulin E ,Middle Aged ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Chronic Disease ,Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,Natural Killer T-Cells ,Female ,business ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Nasal polyps (NP) are associated with inflamed mucosa of unknown etiology. The role of T cells in nasal polyposis is unclear. Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) can promote Th2 responses and have been implicated in some types of asthma. As there are shared inflammatory pathways involved in asthma and NPs, we evaluated the frequency of iNKT in 17 patients with NPs, but without asthma. A median of 6% polyp cells were T lymphocytes, of which iNKT were 0 to 2.38% (mean 0.674%). In the matched group (n = 10), iNKT in NPs was significantly higher than PBMCs (1.057% vs 0.155%, P 0.05). Relative expression of Vα24 to TCR-beta genes in polyps (n = 14) was higher than blood in matched samples (n = 4). The presence of greater proportions of iNKT in NPs than in blood suggests that iNKT may play a role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.
- Published
- 2019
204. Conservation of molecular and cellular phenotypes of invariant NKT cells between humans and non-human primates
- Author
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Willie J. Swanson, Krystle K. Q. Yu, Charlotte A. James, Patricia A. Darrah, Malisa T. Smith, Chetan Seshadri, Mario Roederer, Joshua A Hackney, Kathryn E. Foulds, Lichen Jing, Damien B. Wilburn, Robert A. Seder, and David M. Koelle
- Subjects
Male ,Primates ,0301 basic medicine ,Immunology ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ,CD1 ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Biology ,Major histocompatibility complex ,Jurkat cells ,Antigens, CD1 ,Evolution, Molecular ,Jurkat Cells ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigen ,Genetics ,Animals ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Conserved Sequence ,iNKT cells ,T-cell receptor ,hemic and immune systems ,CD1D ,Natural killer T cell ,Macaca mulatta ,Non-human primate ,Cell biology ,Killer Cells, Natural ,Phenotype ,030104 developmental biology ,Cell culture ,biology.protein ,Female ,Original Article ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,T cell receptor ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells in both humans and non-human primates are activated by the glycolipid antigen, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). However, the extent to which the molecular mechanisms of antigen recognition and in vivo phenotypes of iNKT cells are conserved among primate species has not been determined. Using an evolutionary genetic approach, we found a lack of diversifying selection in CD1 genes over 45 million years of evolution, which stands in stark contrast to the history of the MHC system for presenting peptide antigens to T cells. The invariant T cell receptor (TCR)-α chain was strictly conserved across all seven primate clades. Invariant NKT cells from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) bind human CD1D-α-GalCer tetramer and are activated by α-GalCer-loaded human CD1D transfectants. The dominant TCR-β chain cloned from a rhesus-derived iNKT cell line is nearly identical to that found in the human iNKT TCR, and transduction of the rhesus iNKT TCR into human Jurkat cells show that it is sufficient for binding human CD1D-α-GalCer tetramer. Finally, we used a 20-color flow cytometry panel to probe tissue phenotypes of iNKT cells in a cohort of rhesus macaques. We discovered several tissue-resident iNKT populations that have not been previously described in non-human primates but are known in humans, such as TCR-γδ iNKTs. These data reveal a diversity of iNKT cell phenotypes despite convergent evolution of the genes required for lipid antigen presentation and recognition in humans and non-human primates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00251-019-01118-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2019
205. Development of α-GalCer Analogues with an α-Fluorocarbonyl Moiety as Th2-Selective Ligands of CD1d
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Dong Sup Lee, Hyun-Soo Kim, Heebum Song, Seung Bum Park, and Jun Gyu Park
- Subjects
biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Rational design ,INKT Cells ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,α galactosylceramide ,CD1D ,Acyl chain ,Drug Discovery ,biology.protein ,Moiety ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Cytokine secretion - Abstract
[Image: see text] A series of α-GalCer analogues containing an α-fluorocarbonyl moiety at the terminal position of the acyl chain were designed for targeting polar residues in the hydrophobic cavity of CD1d using a structure-based approach. The acyl chain length was efficiently adjusted by an asymmetric alkyne–alkyne cross coupling strategy, and the newly synthesized α-GalCer analogues showed the high Th2-selective activity of iNKT cells. The biased activity of ligands could be caused by the hydrogen-bonding interaction between ligands and CD1d according to the Th2-selective cytokine secretion and molecular docking studies.
- Published
- 2019
206. iNKT cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- Author
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Makoto Nakamura and Ken-ichi Matsuoka
- Subjects
business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cancer research ,medicine ,INKT Cells ,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ,business - Published
- 2019
207. Human iNKT Cells Modulate Macrophage Survival and Phenotype
- Author
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Fatima Macedo, Maria José Oliveira, José Pedro Loureiro, Mariana Santos Cruz, and Ana Patrícia Cardoso
- Subjects
iNKT cells ,macrophages ,CD1d ,CD40L ,immunomodulation ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are unconventional innate-like T cells whose functions highly depend on the interactions they establish with other immune cells. Although extensive studies have been reported on the communication between iNKT cells and macrophages in mice, less data is available regarding the relevance of this crosstalk in humans. Here, we dove into the human macrophage-iNKT cell axis by exploring how iNKT cells impact the survival and polarization of pro-inflammatory M1-like and anti-inflammatory M2-like monocyte-derived macrophages. By performing in vitro iNKT cell-macrophage co-cultures followed by flow cytometry analysis, we demonstrated that antigen-stimulated iNKT cells induce a generalized activated state on all macrophage subsets, leading to upregulation of CD40 and CD86 expression. CD40L blocking with a specific monoclonal antibody prior to co-cultures abrogated CD40 and CD86 upregulation, thus indicating that iNKT cells required CD40-CD40L co-stimulation to trigger macrophage activation. In addition, activated iNKT cells were cytotoxic towards macrophages in a CD1d-dependent manner, killing M1-like macrophages more efficiently than their naïve M0 or anti-inflammatory M2-like counterparts. Hence, this work highlighted the role of human iNKT cells as modulators of macrophage survival and phenotype, untangling key features of the human macrophage-iNKT cell axis and opening perspectives for future therapeutic modulation.
- Published
- 2022
208. T-bet+ B cells accumulate in adipose tissue and exacerbate metabolic disorder during obesity.
- Author
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Hägglöf, Thomas, Vanz, Carlo, Kumagai, Abigail, Dudley, Elizabeth, Ortega, Vanessa, Siller, McKenzie, Parthasarathy, Raksha, Keegan, Josh, Koenigs, Abigail, Shute, Travis, and Leadbetter, Elizabeth A.
- Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by inflammation in adipose tissue, impaired glucose tolerance, and changes in adipose leukocyte populations. These studies of adipose tissue from humans and mice revealed that increased frequencies of T-bet
+ B cells in adipose tissue depend on invariant NKT cells and correlate with weight gain during obesity. Transfer of B cells enriched for T-bet+ cells exacerbates metabolic disorder in obesity, while ablation of Tbx21 specifically in B cells reduces serum IgG2c levels, inflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue, ameliorating metabolic symptoms. Furthermore, transfer of serum or purified IgG from HFD mice restores metabolic disease in T-bet+ B cell-deficient mice, confirming T-bet+ B cell-derived IgG as a key mediator of inflammation during obesity. Together, these findings reveal an important pathological role for T-bet+ B cells that should inform future immunotherapy design in type 2 diabetes and other inflammatory conditions. • Activated T-bet+ B cells accumulate in adipose tissue of humans and mice with obesity • iNKT cells support adipose accumulation and antibody production by T-bet+ B cells • Mice lacking T-bet+ in B cells are protected from metabolic symptoms of obesity • HFD-fed mouse IgG restores metabolic disease in obese mice lacking T-bet+ B cells Hägglöf et al. dissect the role of T-bet+ B cells in exacerbating metabolic disorder during obesity. Specifically, T-bet+ B cells accumulate during progressing obesity in mice and humans. B cell-targeted deletion of Tbx21 significantly ameliorates metabolic disorder in obese mice, but it can be restored by transfer of HFD IgG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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209. The role of unconventional T cells in COVID-19
- Author
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Margaret R Dunne and Kristen Orumaa
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T cell ,viruses ,MAIT cells ,Disease ,Review Article ,Virus ,Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells ,INKT cells ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Immunity ,medicine ,Humans ,Pandemics ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Unconventional T cells ,Cancer ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Viral replication ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,Natural Killer T-Cells ,Γδ T cells ,business - Abstract
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first documented in late 2019, but within months, a worldwide pandemic was declared due to the easily transmissible nature of the virus. Research to date on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has focused largely on conventional B and T lymphocytes. This review examines the emerging role of unconventional T cell subsets, including γδ T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in human SARS-CoV-2 infection.Some of these T cell subsets have been shown to play protective roles in anti-viral immunity by suppressing viral replication and opsonising virions of SARS-CoV. Here, we explore whether unconventional T cells play a protective role in SARS-CoV-2 infection as well. Unconventional T cells are already under investigation as cell-based immunotherapies for cancer. We discuss the potential use of these cells as therapeutic agents in the COVID-19 setting. Due to the rapidly evolving situation presented by COVID-19, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of this disease and the mechanisms underlying its immune response. Through this, we may be able to better help those with severe cases and lower the mortality rate by devising more effective vaccines and novel treatment strategies.
- Published
- 2021
210. Chronic stress physically spares but functionally impairs innate-like invariant T cells
- Author
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K. L. Summers, Ken Leslie, Anton I. Skaro, S. M. Mansour Haeryfar, Wataru Inoue, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Paula J. Foster, Joshua Choi, Olivier Lantz, Patrick T. Rudak, Vivian C. McAlister, Katie M. Parkins, and Dwayne N. Jackson
- Subjects
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Lymphoma ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cell ,Interleukin-23 ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Conditional gene knockout ,Chronic stress ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,050207 economics ,Biology (General) ,Cytotoxicity ,Th1-Th2 Balance ,innate immunity ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,050208 finance ,Liver Neoplasms ,05 social sciences ,T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ,habituation ,Interleukin-10 ,Cell biology ,3. Good health ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Cytokine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,cytotoxicity ,Female ,Signal Transduction ,Programmed cell death ,QH301-705.5 ,MAIT cells ,Mice, Transgenic ,Biology ,Article ,Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Immobilization ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immunity ,Cell Line, Tumor ,0502 economics and business ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Oxidopamine ,psychological stress ,iNKT cells ,Innate immune system ,Interleukins ,medicine.disease ,Immunity, Innate ,030104 developmental biology ,Cell culture ,Apoptosis ,Chronic Disease ,Immunology ,Natural Killer T-Cells ,Corticosterone ,Stress, Psychological ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
SUMMARY The deleterious effects of psychological stress on mainstream T lymphocytes are well documented. However, how stress impacts innate-like T cells is unclear. We report that long-term stress surprisingly abrogates both T helper 1 (TH1)- and TH2-type responses orchestrated by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. This is not due to iNKT cell death because these cells are unusually refractory to stress-inflicted apoptosis. Activated iNKT cells in stressed mice exhibit a “split” inflammatory signature and trigger sudden serum interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-23, and IL-27 spikes. iNKT cell dysregulation is mediated by cell-autonomous glucocorticoid receptor signaling and corrected upon habituation to predictable stressors. Importantly, under stress, iNKT cells fail to potentiate cytotoxicity against lymphoma or to reduce the burden of metastatic melanoma. Finally, stress physically spares mouse mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells but hinders their TH1-/TH2-type responses. The above findings are corroborated in human peripheral blood and hepatic iNKT/MAIT cell cultures. Our work uncovers a mechanism of stress-induced immunosuppression., In brief Invariant T cells are emergency responders to infection and cancer. Rudak et al. report that psychological stress unusually spares these innate-like T lymphocytes but alters or impairs their cytokine production and cytotoxic and/or antimetastatic capacities through a cell-autonomous, glucocorticoid receptor-dependent mechanism. This may explain certain aspects of stress-induced immunosuppression., Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2021
211. Metabolism in Invariant Natural Killer T Cells: An Overview
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Cheong Hee Chang, Ajay Kumar, and Emily L. Yarosz
- Subjects
Cellular metabolism ,Cell growth ,CD4 T cells ,INKT Cells ,General Medicine ,Metabolism ,glycolysis ,Biology ,OXPHOS ,Article ,Cell biology ,cell proliferation ,Metabolic regulation ,T cell differentiation ,metabolism ,Invariant natural killer T-cell ,iNKT cells ,Function (biology) ,fatty acid synthesis - Abstract
Cellular metabolism is critical for generating energy and macromolecules for cell growth and survival. In recent years, the importance of metabolism in mediating T cell differentiation, proliferation, and function has been a hot topic of investigation. However, very little is known about metabolic regulation in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. In this viewpoint, we will discuss what is currently known about immunometabolism in iNKT cells and how these findings relate to CD4 T cells.
- Published
- 2021
212. Vam6 reduces iNKT cell function in tumor via modulating AMPK/mTOR pathways.
- Author
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Bai S, Wu Q, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Chen X, Su M, Pan J, Li S, Yue T, Xu L, Xie D, Tian C, Zhao D, Li X, Hou J, Wang L, Fu S, Xue Y, Jiang A, Li D, Xu T, Tian Z, Zhou R, Zhang H, and Bai L
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 metabolism, Signal Transduction, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Natural Killer T-Cells metabolism, Neoplasms, Vesicular Transport Proteins
- Abstract
Activation of mTORC1 is essential for anti-tumor function of iNKT cells. The mechanisms underlying impaired mTORC1 activation in intratumoral iNKT cells remain unclear. Via generating Vam6
+/- mice and using flow cytometry, image approach, and RNA sequencing, we studied the role of Vam6 in controlling mTORC1 activation and intratumoral iNKT cell functions. Here, we find that increased Vam6 expression in intratumoral iNKT cells leads to impaired mTORC1 activation and IFN-γ production. Mechanistically, Vam6 in iNKT cells is essential for Rab7a-Vam6-AMPK complex formation and thus for recruitment of AMPK to lysosome to activate AMPK, a negative regulator of mTORC1. Additionally, Vam6 relieves inhibitory effect of VDAC1 on Rab7a-Vam6-AMPK complex formation at mitochondria-lysosome contact site. Moreover, we report that lactic acid produced by tumor cells increases Vam6 expression in iNKT cells. Given the key roles of increased Vam6 in promoting AMPK activation in intratumoral iNKT cells, reducing Vam6 expression signifificantly enhances the mTORC1 activation in intratumoral iNKT cells as well as their anti-tumor effificacy. Together, we propose Vam6 as a target for iNKT cell-based immunotherapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Bai, Wu, Zhu, Zhang, Chen, Su, Pan, Li, Yue, Xu, Xie, Tian, Zhao, Li, Hou, Wang, Fu, Xue, Jiang, Li, Xu, Tian, Zhou, Zhang and Bai.)- Published
- 2023
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213. Immunomodulatory Functions of α-GalCer and a Derivative, α-Carba-GalCer.
- Author
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Satoh M and Iwabuchi K
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- Cytokines, Antigens, CD1d, Immunity, Galactosylceramides pharmacology, Natural Killer T-Cells
- Abstract
Certain glycolipids have immunomodulatory potential by activating natural killer T (NKT) cells, a unique T cell subset. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells recognize α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and synthetic derivatives presented by CD1d molecules and secrete large amounts of cytokines that modulate immune functions. Some iNKT cell ligands induce distinct reactions biased toward either Th1 or Th2 immune responses, while others show mixed responses. We describe the methods for activating iNKT cells by the ligands as represented by α-GalCer using in vitro assays, such as cell-free or co-culture with antigen-presenting cells. In addition, α-GalCer/CD1d multimer can be used to specifically detect iNKT cells using flow cytometry. α-GalCer is also utilized to activate systemic iNKT cells in vivo, which leads to the production of high levels of cytokines in sera. Collectively, α-GalCer and its derivatives activate iNKT cells that modulate immune balance, and we need to understand the characteristics of these ligands for developing their utility., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
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214. β-Catenin is required for the differentiation of iNKT2 and iNKT17 cells that augment IL-25-dependent lung inflammation.
- Author
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Berga-Bolaños, Rosa, Sharma, Archna, Steinke, Farrah C., Pyaram, Kalyani, Yeung-Hyen Kim, Sultana, Dil A., Fang, Jessie X., Cheong-Hee Chang, Hai-Hui Xue, Heller, Nicola M., and Sen, Jyoti Misra
- Subjects
- *
CATENINS , *KILLER cells , *LUNG diseases , *PNEUMONIA , *THYMUS , *LABORATORY mice - Abstract
Background: Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells have been implicated in lung inflammation in humans and also shown to be a key cell type in inducing allergic lung inflammation in mouse models. iNKT cells differentiate and acquire functional characteristics during development in the thymus. However, the correlation between development of iNKT cells in the thymus and role in lung inflammation remains unknown. In addition, transcriptional control of differentiation of iNKT cells into iNKT cell effector subsets in the thymus during development is also unclear. In this report we show that β-catenin dependent mechanisms direct differentiation of iNKT2 and iNKT17 subsets but not iNKT1 cells. Methods: To study the role for β-catenin in lung inflammation we utilize mice with conditional deletion and enforced expression of β-catenin in a well-established mouse model for IL-25-dependen lung inflammation. Results: Specifically, we demonstrate that conditional deletion of β-catenin permitted development of mature iNKT1 cells while impeding maturation of iNKT2 and 17 cells. A role for β-catenin expression in promoting iNKT2 and iNKT17 subsets was confirmed when we noted that enforced transgenic expression of β-catenin in iNKT cell precursors enhanced the frequency and number of iNKT2 and iNKT17 cells at the cost of iNKT1 cells. This effect of expression of β-catenin in iNKT cell precursors was cell autonomous. Furthermore, iNKT2 cells acquired greater capability to produce type-2 cytokines when β-catenin expression was enhanced. Discussion: This report shows that β-catenin deficiency resulted in a profound decrease in iNKT2 and iNKT17 subsets of iNKT cells whereas iNKT1 cells developed normally. By contrast, enforced expression of β-catenin promoted the development of iNKT2 and iNKT17 cells. It was important to note that the majority of iNKT cells in the thymus of C57BL/6 mice were iNKT1 cells and enforced expression of β-catenin altered the pattern to iNKT2 and iNKT17 cells suggesting that β-catenin may be a major factor in the distinct pathways that critically direct differentiation of iNKT effector subsets. Conclusions: Thus, we demonstrate that β-catenin expression in iNKT cell precursors promotes differentiation toward iNKT2 and iNKT17 effector subsets and supports enhanced capacity to produce type 2 and 17 cytokines which in turn augment lung inflammation in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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215. Cognate interaction with iNKT cells expands IL-10-producing B regulatory cells.
- Author
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Vomhof-DeKrey, Emilie E., Yates, Jennifer, Hägglöf, Thomas, Lanthier, Paula, Amiel, Eyal, Veerapen, Natacha, Besra, Gurdyal S., Karlsson, Mikael C. I., and Leadbetter, Elizabeth A.
- Subjects
- *
KILLER cells , *T cells , *B cells , *IMMUNE response , *GLYCOLIPIDS - Abstract
Successful induction of B-cell activation and memory depends on help from CD4+ T cells. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells (glycolipid-specific, CD 1d-restricted innate lymphocytes) provide both cognate (direct) and noncognate (indirect) helper signals to enhance B-cell responses. Both forms of iNKT-cell help induce primary humoral immune responses, but only noncognate iNKT-cell help drives humoral memory and plasma cells. Here, we show that iNKT cognate help for B cells is fundamentally different from the help provided by conventional CD4+ T cells. Cognate iNKT-cell help drives an early, unsustained germinal center B-cell expansion, less reduction of T follicular regulatory cells, an expansion of marginal zone B cells, and early increases in regulatory IL-10-producing B-cell numbers compared with noncognate activation. These results are consistent with a mechanism whereby iNKT cells preferentially provide an innate form of help that does not generate humoral memory and has important implications for the application of glycolipid molecules as vaccine adjuvants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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216. Investigating the role of Natural Killer T-cells in Gram negative infections of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Author
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P., Karagianni, S. A., Polyzos, D., Bougiouklis, A., Tsapas, and K., Paletas
- Subjects
- *
PEOPLE with diabetes , *GRAM-negative bacterial diseases , *KILLER cells , *T cell receptors , *NATURAL immunity , *CYTOKINES , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Background: Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells belong to innate immunity and combine T-cell receptor specificity with Natural Killer surface markers. They can produce cytokines immediately after stimulation and direct immunity to either Th1 or Th2 cytokine production. iNKT cells participate in a variety of immune responses, such as microbial infections, autoimmunity, and cancer. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with activated innate immunity and certain cytokine profile during microbial infections. This study aimed to evaluate whether iNKT cells have a role in the immune response of T2DM patients during infections with gram-negative bacteria. Method: The T2DM group consisted of patients (n =11) who had a diagnosis of T2DM for at least six months and febrile illness for three days, while the control group consisted of patients (n =11) who had not T2DM, but were febrile for three days. All patients were infected by gram-negative bacteria. Physical examination was performed, and peripheral blood was drawn on days three and six of febrile illness. Flow cytometry was utilized for iNKT cell identification with monoclonal antibodies Phycoerythrin (PE) - Cyanin (CY) 5 anti-Human CD3, Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) anti-Human CD4, PE anti-human invariant NKT T-Cell Receptor. For intracellular staining, we used Alexa Fluor anti-Human interferon-? (IFN-?) and Allophycocyanin (APC) anti-human interleukin-4 (IL-4). The variables processed were: CD3+IL-4+iNKT+, CD4+IL-4+iNKT+, CD3+IFN?+iNKT+, CD4+IFN?+i???+, CD3+iNKT+, CD4+iNKT+,CD3+IL4+, CD4+IL-4+, CD3+IFN?+, CD4+IFN?+ on days three and six of febrile illness (CD3+, CD4+: T lymphocyte surface markers, iNKT+: invariant Natural Killer T- Cell Receptor, IL4+: interleukin 4, IFNγ+: interferon γ). Results: Comparisons between T2DM patients and controls revealed no statistically significant difference in any of the study's variable. Regarding within T2DM patients comparisons CD4+IL4+iNKT+, CD3+IL4+iNKT+, CD4+IFN+iNKT+, CD3+IFN+iNKT+, and CD3+iNKT+ decreased, whereas CD3+IL4+ was increased at day six compared to day three. Within control group CD4+IL4+iNKT+, CD3+IL4+iNKT+, and CD3+iNKT+ were decreased, whereas CD4+IFN+, CD3+IFN+ were increased at day six compared to day three. Conclusion: The absence of statistical difference between T2DM patients and controls implies that the role of iNKT cells is virtually the same in both groups of patients during the course of gram-negative infections and that there is no numerical variance of this cell population between the two groups. Despite the small sample size, we notice that all iNKT parameters (both IL4/IFN?) are suppressed in the T2DM group during the later phase, but only those concerning IL4+iNKT+ in the control group, suggesting that IFN? production remains elevated in the controls. A compensatory anti-inflammatory type-response could provide an explanation for the prevalence of IL4 production during the later phase of infection in T2DM and the sustained production of IFN? in controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
217. The hypervariable region 4 (HV4) and position 93 of the α chain modulate CD1d-glycolipid binding of iNKT TCRs.
- Author
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Paletta, Daniel, Fichtner, Alina Suzann, Hahn, Anne Maria, Starick, Lisa, Beyersdorf, Niklas, Monzon‐Casanova, Elisa, Mueller, Thomas D, and Herrmann, Thomas
- Abstract
TCRs of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bind α-galactosylceramide (αGC) loaded CD1d in a highly conserved fashion and show a characteristic TCR gene usage: An 'invariant' α chain with a canonical AV14/ AJ18 rearrangement in mice ( AV24/ AJ18 in humans) is paired with β chains containing characteristic Vβ segments. In the rat, a multimember AV14 gene family increases the variability within this system. This study characterizes CD1d binding of rat AV14 gene segments in TCR transductants as well as CD1d binding and iNKT TCR expression of expanded polyclonal F344 rat iNKT populations. It defines an important role of position 93 at the V-J transition for TCR avidity and species cross-reactivity of the rat iNKT TCR. Furthermore, for the first time we identified variability within the fourth hypervariable loop (HV4) of the α chain as a modulator of CD1d:αGC binding in rat and mouse. Additionally, we confirmed the importance of the CDR2β for CD1d:αGC binding, but also show that the CDR3β may even have opposite effects on binding depending on the pairing α chain. Altogether, we characterized naturally occurring sources of variability for the iNKT TCR and speculate that they rather level than increase the largely germline encoded differences of iNKT TCR ligand avidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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218. iNKT and MAIT cell alterations in diabetes.
- Author
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Magalhaes, Isabelle, Kiaf, Badr, and Lehuen, Agnès
- Subjects
CYTOTOXIC T cells ,TYPE 1 diabetes ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,ETIOLOGY of diseases ,INFLAMMATION ,LABORATORY mice ,ADIPOSE tissues - Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are multifactorial diseases with different etiologies in which chronic inflammation takes place. Defects in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell populations have been reported in both T1D and T2D patients, mouse models and our recent study revealed mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell defects in T2D and obese patients. Regarding iNKT cells many studies in non-obese diabetic mice demonstrated their protective role against T1D whereas their potential role in human T1D is still under debate. Studies in mouse models and patients suggest that iNKT cells present in adipose tissue (AT) could exert a regulatory role against obesity and associated metabolic disorders, such as T2D. Scarce data are yet available on MAIT cells; however, we recently described MAIT cell abnormalities in the blood and ATs from obese and T2D patients. These data show that a link between MAIT cells and metabolic disorders pave the way for further investigations on MAIT cells in T1D and T2D in humans and mouse models. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the gut microbiota alterations associated with T1D and T2D could modulate iNKT and MAIT cell frequency and functions. The potential role of iNKT and MAIT cells in the regulation of metabolic pathways and their cross-talk with microbiota represent exciting new lines of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
219. IL-23 Responsive Innate-Like T Cells in Spondyloarthritis: the Less Frequent They Are, the More Vital They Appear.
- Author
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Venken, Koen and Elewaut, Dirk
- Abstract
A key role for the IL-23/IL-17 immune axis in spondyloarthritis (SpA) is supported by cumulative evidence from genetic and translational studies and was recently confirmed in clinical trials. Although initially linked to T helper 17 cells, it is now clear that additional unconventional T cell subpopulations respond towards IL-23, including RORγt CD3CD4CD8 T cells, TCRγδ17 cells, KIR3DL2CD4 T cells and iNKT17 cells. Although these innate-like T cells are present only at low frequencies and often with a specific tissue distribution, it is proposed that they could play a vital function in the development or progression of SpA-related pathology. In this review, we highlight the emerging knowledge on these specialized IL-23 responsive T cells with regard to their relevance in SpA. Finally, we will discuss these findings in light of novel drugs targeting the IL-23/IL-17 axis, currently being tested in SpA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
220. Pathogen-expanded CD11b+ invariant NKT cells feedback inhibit T cell proliferation via membrane-bound TGF-β1.
- Author
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Han, Yanmei, Jiang, Zhengping, Chen, Zhubo, Gu, Yan, Liu, Yanfang, Zhang, Xiang, and Cao, Xuetao
- Subjects
- *
TRANSFORMING growth factors , *INHIBITION of cellular proliferation , *CD11 antigen , *KILLER cells , *T cells , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms - Abstract
Natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are effector cells, but also regulator of immune response, which either promote or suppress immune response through production of different cytokines. However, the subsets of NKT cells with definite phenotype and regulatory function need to be further identified. Furthermore, the mechanisms for NKT cells to regulate immune response remain to be fully elucidated. Here we identified CD11b + invariant NKT (CD11b + iNKT) cells as a new subset of regulatory NKT cells in mouse models with infection. αGalCer:CD1d complex + TCRβ + NK1.1 + NKT cells could be categorized to CD11b + and CD11b − subsets. NKT cells are enriched in liver. During Listeria monocytogenes infection, hepatic CD11b + iNKT cells were significantly induced and expanded, with peak expansion on day 8. CD11b + iNKT cells were also expanded significantly in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. As compared to CD11b − iNKT cells, CD11b + iNKT cells expressed higher levels of CD27, FasL, B7H1, CD69, and particularly higher level of membrane-bound TGF-β1 (mTGF-β1), but produced less IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1. Hepatic CD11b + iNKT cells suppressed antigen-nonspecific and OVA-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation through mTGF-β1 both in vitro and in vivo , meanwhile, they did not interfere with activation of CD4 T cells and cytotoxicity of the activated CD8 T cells. Thus, we have identified a new subset of pathogen-expanded CD11b + invariant NKT cells which can feedback inhibit T cell response through cell-to-cell contact via cell surface (membrane-bound) TGF-β1, especially at the late stage of immune response against infection. CD11b + regulatory iNKT cells may contribute to protect host from pathological injure by preventing immune overactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
221. Involvement of interleukin-18 in the pathogenesis of human eosinophilic esophagitis.
- Author
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Niranjan, Rituraj, Rajavelu, Priya, Ventateshaiah, Sathisha Upparahalli, Shukla, Jai Shankar, Zaidi, Asifa, Mariswamy, Siddesha Jalahalli, Mattner, Jochen, Fortgang, Ilana, Kowalczyk, Monika, Balart, Luis, Shukla, Anshi, and Mishra, Anil
- Subjects
- *
EOSINOPHILIC esophagitis , *INTERLEUKIN-18 , *FOOD allergy , *BIOPSY , *MAST cells , *ENDOTHELIAL cells , *CYTOKINES - Abstract
IL-18 is induced in food allergy and EoE is food allergen-induced disease. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether IL-18 is involved in food allergen-induced EoE pathogenesis. Accordingly, we examined normal SPT + and SPT − EoE patient blood and biopsy samples for IL-18, IL-18Rα, ICAM and VCAM expression. Herein, we show increased IL-18 level is highly significant in food allergen SPT + compared to SPT − EoE patients. We also report that IL-18Rα + cells and mRNA levels are induced in the esophageal biopsies of EoE patients and blood IL-18 levels correlate with esophageal eosinophilia (P < 0.01). Additionally, we report that the levels of esophageal eosinophil and mast cells correlate with ICAM expression in human EoE. Mechanistically, we show that IL-18 in vitro stimulates iNKT cells and endothelial cells and induce eosinophil active cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. We provide the evidence that IL-18 is critical cytokine involved in activation of iNKT cells and ICAM in promoting human EoE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
222. Thymus medulla fosters generation of natural Treg cells, invariant γδ T cells, and invariant NKT cells: What we learn from intrathymic migration.
- Author
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Cowan, Jennifer E., Jenkinson, William E., and Anderson, Graham
- Abstract
The organization of the thymus into distinct cortical and medullary regions enables it to control the step-wise migration and development of immature T-cell precursors. Such a process provides access to specialized cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells at defined stages of maturation, ensuring the generation of self-tolerant and MHC-restricted conventional CD4
+ and CD8+ αβ T cells. The migratory cues and stromal cell requirements that regulate the development of conventional αβ T cells have been well studied. However, the thymus also fosters the generation of several immunoregulatory T-cell populations that form key components of both innate and adaptive immune responses. These include Foxp3+ natural regulatory T cells, invariant γδ T cells, and CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells). While less is known about the intrathymic requirements of these nonconventional T cells, recent studies have highlighted the importance of the thymus medulla in their development. Here, we review recent findings on the mechanisms controlling the intrathymic migration of distinct T-cell subsets, and relate this to knowledge of the microenvironmental requirements of these cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
223. Elevated expression of LAG-3, but not PD-1, is associated with impaired iNKT cytokine production during chronic HIV-1 infection and treatment.
- Author
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Juno, Jennifer A., Stalker, Andrew T., Waruk, Jillian L. M., Oyugi, Julius, Kimani, Makobu, Plummer, Francis A., Kimani, Joshua, and Fowke, Keith R.
- Subjects
- *
HIV infections , *LYMPHOCYTE transformation , *CYTOKINE genetics , *IMMUNOREGULATION , *KILLER cells - Abstract
Background: LAG-3 is a potent negative regulator of the immune response but its impact in HIV infection in poorly understood. Unlike exhaustion markers such as PD-1, Tim-3, 2B4 and CD160, LAG-3 is poorly expressed on bulk and antigen-specific T cells during chronic HIV infection and its expression on innate lymphocyte subsets is not well understood. The aim of this study was to assess LAG-3 expression and association with cellular dysfunction on T cells, NK cells and iNKT cells among a cohort of healthy and HIV-infected female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya. Results: Ex vivo LAG-3 expression was measured by multiparametric flow cytometry, and plasma cytokine/chemokine concentrations measured by bead array. Although LAG-3 expression on bulk T cells was significantly increased among HIV-infected women, the proportion of cells expressing the marker was extremely low. In contrast, LAG-3 was more highly expressed on NK and iNKT cells and was not reduced among women treated with ART. To assess the functional impact of LAG-3 on iNKT cells, iNKT cytokine production was measured in response to lipid (aGalCer) and PMA/Io stimulation by both flow cytometry and cytokine bead array. iNKT cytokine production is profoundly altered by both HIV infection and treatment, and LAG-3, but not PD-1, expression is associated with a reduction in iNKT IFN? production. Conclusions: LAG-3 does not appear to mediate T cell exhaustion in this African population, but is instead expressed on innate lymphocyte subsets including iNKT cells. HIV infection alters iNKT cytokine production patterns and LAG-3 expression is uniquely associated with iNKT dysfunction. The continued expression of LAG-3 during treatment suggests it may contribute to the lack of innate immune reconstitution commonly observed during ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
224. Invariant natural killer T cells in lupus patients promote IgG and IgG autoantibody production.
- Author
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Shen, Lei, Zhang, Hong, Caimol, Maria, Benike, Claudia J., Chakravarty, Eliza F., Strober, Samuel, and Engleman, Edgar G.
- Abstract
IgG autoantibodies, including antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), are pathogenic in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the mechanisms controlling their production are not understood. To assess the role of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in this process, we studied 44 lupus patients. We took advantage of the propensity of PBMCs from patients with active disease to spontaneously secrete IgG in vitro. Despite the rarity of iNKT cells in lupus blood (0.002-0.05% of CD3-positive T cells), antibody blockade of the conserved iNKT TCR or its ligand, CD1d, or selective depletion of iNKT cells, inhibited spontaneous secretion of total IgG and anti-dsDNA IgG by lupus PBMCs. Addition of anti-iNKT or anti-CD1d antibody to PBMC cultures also reduced the frequency of plasma cells, suggesting that lupus iNKT cells induce B-cell maturation. Like fresh iNKT cells, expanded iNKT-cell lines from lupus patients, but not healthy subjects, induced autologous B cells to secrete antibodies, including IgG anti-dsDNA. This activity was inhibited by anti-CD40L antibody, as well as anti-CD1d antibody, confirming a role for CD40L-CD40 and TCR-CD1d interactions in lupus iNKT-cell-mediated help. These results reveal a critical role for iNKT cells in B-cell maturation and autoantibody production in patients with lupus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
225. Persistent immune activation in CVID and the role of IVIg in its suppression.
- Author
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Paquin-Proulx, Dominic, Sandberg, Johan K., Warnatz, Klaus, and Hossny, Elham
- Subjects
IMMUNODEFICIENCY ,INTRAVENOUS immunoglobulins ,AUTOIMMUNE disease treatment ,GASTROINTESTINAL diseases ,RESPIRATORY infections ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Commonvariable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most common and clinically important primary immune deficiencies. CVID patients have poor humoral immunity, resulting in recurrent infections of the gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tracts, aswell as increased incidence of some forms of cancers and autoimmune diseases. The treatment for CVID is IgG replacement, often given as intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg). IVIg consists of monomeric IgG purified from pooled plasma from healthy donors and is used to treat an increasing number of conditions including autoimmune diseases. In the case of CVID, IVIg has mainly been seen as reconstitution therapy, providing patients with pathogen-specific antibodies. Recent evidence shows that IVIg has diverse effects on the immune system of CVID patients, and one important component is that IVIg alleviates the state of chronic immune activation. In this review, we will discuss causes and consequences of persistent immune activation in CVID, possible underlying mechanisms for how IVIg treatment reduces immune activation, and implications for our understanding of primary as well as acquired immune deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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- View/download PDF
226. Antigen presenting cell-derived IL-6 restricts Th2-cell differentiation.
- Author
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Mayer, Alice, Debuisson, Delphine, Denanglaire, Sébastien, Eddahri, Fouad, Fievez, Laurence, Hercor, Mélanie, Triffaux, Emily, Moser, Muriel, Bureau, Fabrice, Leo, Oberdan, and Andris, Fabienne
- Abstract
The identification of DC-derived signals orchestrating activation of Th1 and Th17 immune responses has advanced our understanding on how these inflammatory responses develop. However, whether specific signals delivered by DCs also participate in the regulation of Th2 immune responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that administration of antigen-loaded, IL-6-deficient DCs to naïve mice induced an exacerbated Th2 response, characterized by the differentiation of GATA-3-expressing T lymphocytes secreting high levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Coinjection of wild type and IL-6-deficient bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) confirmed that IL-6 exerted a dominant, negative influence on Th2-cell development. This finding was confirmed in vitro, where exogenously added IL-6 was found to limit IL-4-induced Th2-cell differentiation. iNKT cells were required for optimal Th2-cell differentiation in vivo although their activation occurred independently of IL-6 secretion by the BMDCs. Collectively, these observations identify IL-6 secretion as a major, unsuspected, mechanism whereby DCs control the magnitude of Th2 immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
227. Longitudinal analysis of invariant natural killer T cell activation reveals a cMAF-associated transcriptional state of NKT10 cells.
- Author
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Kane H, LaMarche NM, Ní Scannail Á, Garza AE, Koay HF, Azad AI, Kunkemoeller B, Stevens B, Brenner MB, and Lynch L
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Mice, Gene Expression Regulation, Lymphocyte Activation, Natural Killer T-Cells
- Abstract
Innate T cells, including CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, are characterized by their rapid activation in response to non-peptide antigens, such as lipids. While the transcriptional profiles of naive, effector, and memory adaptive T cells have been well studied, less is known about the transcriptional regulation of different iNKT cell activation states. Here, using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we performed longitudinal profiling of activated murine iNKT cells, generating a transcriptomic atlas of iNKT cell activation states. We found that transcriptional signatures of activation are highly conserved among heterogeneous iNKT cell populations, including NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17 subsets, and human iNKT cells. Strikingly, we found that regulatory iNKT cells, such as adipose iNKT cells, undergo blunted activation and display constitutive enrichment of memory-like cMAF
+ and KLRG1+ populations. Moreover, we identify a conserved cMAF-associated transcriptional network among NKT10 cells, providing novel insights into the biology of regulatory and antigen-experienced iNKT cells., Competing Interests: HK, NL, ÁN, AG, HK, AA, BK, BS, MB, LL No competing interests declared, (© 2022, Kane et al.)- Published
- 2022
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228. Expansion of iNKT Cells Promotes Liver Repair Following Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.
- Author
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Goto T, Ito Y, Nishizawa N, Kuroda YU, Nakamoto S, Hosono K, Naitoh T, Hiki N, and Amano H
- Subjects
- Male, Mice, Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Liver metabolism, Ischemia, Natural Killer T-Cells metabolism, Reperfusion Injury metabolism
- Abstract
Background/aim: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are involved in the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses. We previously reported that activated iNKT cells facilitate liver repair after hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury by accelerating macrophage polarization during the early phase of hepatic I/R injury. Upon activation with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), iNKT cell numbers transiently decrease before increasing within 72 h of stimulation. In the present study, we examined the role of expanded hepatic iNKT cells in the late phase of hepatic I/R injury., Materials and Methods: iNKT cells were activated by intraperitoneal injection of α-GalCer in male C57/BL6 mice at the induction of hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion., Results: Numbers of activated hepatic iNKT cells immediately diminished after hepatic I/R and reached minimal levels at 24 h and 48 h post-reperfusion. Numbers of hepatic iNKT cells then increased at 72 h and 96 h post-reperfusion to levels approximately 2-fold higher than in mice that underwent a sham operation. Liver repair as demonstrated by decreased necrotic area and increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was enhanced in α-GalCer-treated mice at 96 h post-reperfusion. Interleukin (IL)-13 production by proliferating iNKT cells was observed at 96 h post-reperfusion, which was associated with enhanced liver repair and increased numbers of reparative macrophages., Conclusion: Repopulation of hepatic iNKT cells promotes liver repair by stimulating macrophage phenotype switching in the late phase of hepatic I/R injury., (Copyright © 2022, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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229. CD1d-Dependent iNKT Cells Control DSS-Induced Colitis in a Mouse Model of IFNγ-Mediated Hyperinflammation by Increasing IL22-Secreting ILC3 Cells
- Author
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Seokmann Hong, Sung Won Lee, Hyun Jung Park, and Luc Van Kaer
- Subjects
Adoptive cell transfer ,Cell ,ILC3 ,Interleukin 22 ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Mice ,Mesenteric lymph nodes ,IL22 ,Lymphocytes ,Splanchnic Circulation ,Intestinal Mucosa ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,Mice, Knockout ,biology ,Dextran Sulfate ,Innate lymphoid cell ,hemic and immune systems ,General Medicine ,Colitis ,Computer Science Applications ,Intestines ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,CD1D ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,CD1d ,Article ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Interferon-gamma ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Interleukin 4 ,iNKT cells ,Inflammation ,Interleukins ,Organic Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Immunity, Innate ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Natural Killer T-Cells ,Lymph Nodes ,Antigens, CD1d ,IFNγ - Abstract
We have previously shown that CD1d-restricted iNKT cells suppress dysregulated IFN&gamma, expression and intestinal inflammation in Yeti mice on the C57BL/6 background. Since type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) protect against intestinal inflammation in a CD1d-associated manner, we investigated whether crosstalk between iNKT cells and MLN ILC3s controls IFN&gamma, mediated intestinal inflammation in Yeti mice. We found that Yeti mice display increased levels of ILC3s and that iNKT cell deficiency in Yeti/CD1d KO mice decreases levels of IL22-producing ILC3s during DSS-induced colitis. This finding indicates that iNKT cells and ILC3s cooperate to regulate intestinal inflammation in Yeti mice. Yeti iNKT cells displayed a pronounced anti-inflammatory (IL4- or IL9-producing) phenotype during colitis. Their adoptive transfer to iNKT cell-deficient animals induced a significant increase in IL22 production by ILC3s, indicating that crosstalk between iNKT cells and ILC3s plays a critical role in modulating colitis in Yeti mice. Moreover, we showed that the IL9-producing subset of iNKT cells potently enhances IL22-producing ILC3s in vivo. Taken together, our results identify a central role of the iNKT cell-ILC3 axis in ameliorating IFN&gamma, mediated intestinal inflammation.
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
230. Lactic acid inhibits iNKT cell functions via a phosphodiesterase-5 dependent pathway
- Author
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Lili Wang, Li Bai, Qielan Wu, Huimin Zhang, and Jiwei Liu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biophysics ,Biochemistry ,Sildenafil Citrate ,Tadalafil ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Interferon-gamma ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Animals ,Lactic Acid ,Molecular Biology ,Interleukin 4 ,Cell Proliferation ,Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ,Messenger RNA ,Tumor microenvironment ,INKT Cells ,Cell Biology ,Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ,Cell function ,Lactic acid ,Cell biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,Cytokine ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 ,Cytokines ,Natural Killer T-Cells - Abstract
Lactic acid in tumor microenvironment inhibits iNKT cell functions and thus dampens their anti-tumor efficacy. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, sildenafil and tadalafil, promote IFN-γ and IL-4 production in iNKT cells in a cGMP-PKG pathway dependent manner. To favor their cytokine production, iNKT cells reduce Pde5a mRNA lever after activation. In line with the reduction of cytokines caused by lactic acid, lactic acid elevates Pde5a mRNA lever in activated iNKT cells. As a result, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor partially restores the cytokine production in lactic acid-treated cells. Our results demonstrate that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibits cytokine production in iNKT cells, and that contributes to the lactic acid-caused dysfunction of iNKT cells.
- Published
- 2021
231. Isolation and Characterization Methods of Human Invariant NKT Cells
- Author
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Rui Liu and Hua Wang
- Subjects
Functional analysis ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Characterization methods ,Chemistry ,Rat liver ,medicine ,INKT Cells ,hemic and immune systems ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Invariant (mathematics) ,Natural killer T cell ,Cell biology ,Flow cytometry - Abstract
Natural killer T cells (NKT) are abundant in the hepatic sinuses and account for about 20-50% of rat liver lymphocytes. Type I or invariant NKT cells (iNKT) exert a powerful pro-inflammatory effect when activated, while type II NKT cells are more heterogeneous and mainly play an immunomodulatory role. Here we mainly introduced the isolation and characterization methods of human invariant NKT cells. Through immunomagnetic beads and flow cytometry, iNKT cells can be isolated specifically, and that explains functional analysis can be further established.
- Published
- 2021
232. miR-21 sustains CD28 signalling and low-affinity T-cell responses at the expense of self-tolerance
- Author
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Paolo Dellabona, Giulia Casorati, Francesca Albano, Roberto Furlan, Annamaria Finardi, Valentina Viganò, Mirela Kuka, Maya Fedeli, Matteo Iannacone, Fedeli, M., Kuka, M., Finardi, A., Albano, F., Vigano, V., Iannacone, M., Furlan, R., Dellabona, P., and Casorati, G.
- Subjects
CD28 ,T cell ,Immunology ,T cells ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Epitope ,Autoimmunity ,Immune system ,Antigen ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,General Nursing ,miR‐21 ,iNKT cells ,Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ,autoimmunity ,RC581-607 ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,costimulation ,Self Tolerance ,Original Article ,miR-21 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy - Abstract
Objective miR‐21 is highly expressed in iNKT and activated T cells, but its T‐cell autonomous functions are poorly defined. We sought to investigate the role of miR‐21 in the development and functions of T and iNKT cells, representing adaptive and innate‐like populations, respectively. Methods We studied mice with a conditional deletion of miR‐21 in all mature T lymphocytes. Results Thymic and peripheral T and iNKT compartments were normal in miR‐21 KO mice. Upon activation in vitro, miR‐21 depletion reduced T‐cell survival, TH17 polarisation and, remarkably, T‐ and iNKT cell ability to respond to low‐affinity antigens, without altering their response to high‐affinity ones. Mechanistically, miR‐21 sustained CD28‐dependent costimulation pathways required to lower the T‐cell activation threshold, inhibiting its repressors in a positive feedback circuit, in turn increasing T‐cell sensitivity to antigenic stimulation and survival. Upon immunisation with the low‐affinity self‐epitope MOG35–55, miR‐21 KO mice were indeed less susceptible than WT animals to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas they mounted normal T‐cell responses against high‐affinity viral epitopes generated upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Conclusion The induction of T‐cell responses to weak antigens (signal 1) depends on CD28 costimulation (signal 2). miR‐21 sustains CD28 costimulation, decreasing the T‐cell activation threshold and increasing their sensitivity to antigenic stimulation and survival, broadening the immune surveillance range. This occurs at the cost of unleashing autoimmunity, resulting from the recognition of weak self‐antigens by autoreactive immune responses. Thus, miR‐21 fine‐tunes T‐cell response and self‐/non‐self‐discrimination., Low‐affinity antigens triggering weak TCR signalling (Signal 1) require CD28 costimulation (signal 2) to elicit T‐cell responses. In this study, we found that miR‐21 sustains the CD28 costimulation pathway, via inhibition of its repressors in a positive feedback circuit, decreasing the T‐cell activation threshold. This broadens the range of detected antigens, at the cost of unleashing autoimmunity resulting from the recognition of weak self‐antigens by autoreactive T cells. Thus, miR‐21 fine‐tunes T‐cell response and self/non‐self‐discrimination.
- Published
- 2021
233. Ex Vivo Expansion of Th2-Polarizing Immunotherapeutic iNKT Cells from Human Peripheral Blood
- Author
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Natasha Khatwani, Asha Pillai, and Kelly J Andrews
- Subjects
business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ,INKT Cells ,Immunotherapy ,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ,medicine.disease ,Natural killer T cell ,Article ,Transplantation ,Leukemia ,Th2 Cells ,Cancer immunotherapy ,medicine ,Cancer research ,Humans ,Natural Killer T-Cells ,business ,Cytotoxicity - Abstract
iNKT cells, classified as innate lymphocytes with invariant TCRs, have been highlighted as a putative, “off-the-shelf” cellular immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant diseases. However, their paucity in human blood limits their immunotherapeutic applications. Herein we describe a rigorously optimized 21-day ex vivo expansion method to achieve log-fold increases in immunotherapeutic human iNKT cells.
- Published
- 2021
234. Isolation and Detection of Murine iNKT Cells in Different Organs
- Author
-
Xucai Zheng, Haopeng Fang, Xiang Li, Bofeng Li, Li Bai, and Mengqing Cong
- Subjects
medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immune system ,medicine ,INKT Cells ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Spleen ,Biology ,Phenotype ,Cell biology - Abstract
The invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that share phenotypic and functional characteristics with NK cells and T cells, playing an important role in both human and mouse physiology and disease and bridging the gap between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The frequency and subtypes of iNKT cells in major immune organs are different, which also determines the regional immune characteristics of iNKT cells. Here, we report a protocol about the isolation of iNKT cells in the thymus, spleen, and liver of C57BL/6, CD1d-/-, and Jα18-/- mice.
- Published
- 2021
235. Identifying, Isolation, and Functional Use of Human Liver iNKT Cells
- Author
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Yifang Gao, Dongmei Ye, and Wenjing He
- Subjects
Human liver ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,medicine ,INKT Cells ,Biology ,Isolation (microbiology) ,Cell biology ,Flow cytometry - Abstract
It is widely accepted that iNKT cells are abundant in the liver and play a role in various liver disorders. In here, we describe an optimized protocol in identifying and isolating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells by magnetic beads to further use in functional assays.
- Published
- 2021
236. Expansion of Human iNKT Cells Ex Vivo
- Author
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Jianqing Xu, Chen Zhao, and Jing Wang
- Subjects
Antitumor activity ,law ,Chemistry ,Recombinant DNA ,INKT Cells ,Cytokine secretion ,Ex vivo expansion ,Antigen-presenting cell ,Cytotoxicity ,Ex vivo ,law.invention ,Cell biology - Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are credited with antitumor activity by preclinical studies and clinical trials. Efficient expansion of iNKT cells ex vivo is essential for their translational usage. The culturing procedure described here provides an optimized method for ex vivo expansion of iNKT cells using recombinant human IL-15 (rhIL-15) and recombinant human IL-12 (rhIL-12), which results in cell products with enhanced cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity while maintaining the purity and viability of iNKT cells.
- Published
- 2021
237. The Expansion and Cytotoxicity Detection of Human iNKT Cells
- Author
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Rui Dou, Xiufang Weng, Xiongwen Wu, Xiaosheng Tan, and Xue Cheng
- Subjects
Cell phenotype ,biology ,Chemistry ,T cell ,Cell ,Lipid antigen ,INKT Cells ,In vitro ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,CD1D ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Cytotoxicity - Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell is a type of innate-like T cell subsets with both T and NK cell phenotype and functions. They recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules and can be specifically activated by alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) in vitro. After activation, iNKT cells expand efficiently and exert direct killing effects. Based on it, we mainly introduce the protocols of detection of human iNKT cell functions in vitro, including in vitro expansion and their cytotoxicity to tumor cells.
- Published
- 2021
238. Characterization of α-GlcCer reactive iNKT cells and MAIT cells of Gaucher disease patients
- Author
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Lopes, Rafael Carneiro, Rosa, Manuel Amaro de Matos Santos, and Macedo, Maria de Fátima Matos Almeida Henriques de
- Subjects
Células MAIT ,Doença de Gaucher ,MAIT cells ,Reatividade lipídica ,Afinidade do TCR ,Gaucher disease ,TCR affinity ,Células iNKT ,iNKT cells ,Lipid reactivity - Published
- 2020
239. Front Cover: Chemical Biology of αGalCer: A Chemist's Toolbox for the Stimulation of Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) Cells (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 26/2022).
- Author
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Romanò, Cecilia and Clausen, Mads H.
- Subjects
- *
CHEMICAL biology , *CHEMISTS , *CYTOTOXIC T cells - Abstract
Keywords: Carbohydrates; Chemical Biology; -Galactosylceramide; Glycolipids; iNKT Cells EN Carbohydrates Chemical Biology -Galactosylceramide Glycolipids iNKT Cells 1 1 1 07/18/22 20220714 NES 220714 B The Front Cover b illustrates the chemist's toolbox for the stimulation of invariant natural killer T cells with -galactosylceramide ( GalCer) and its derivatives. Front Cover: Chemical Biology of GalCer: A Chemist's Toolbox for the Stimulation of Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) Cells (Eur. J. Org. Carbohydrates, Chemical Biology, -Galactosylceramide, Glycolipids, iNKT Cells. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2022
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240. Macrophages make the bed for early iNKT cells
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Amine Toubal, Léo Bertrand, and Agnès Lehuen
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0301 basic medicine ,First contact ,Immunology ,INKT Cells ,Biology ,Natural killer T cell ,Embryonic stem cell ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mucosal immunology ,Immunology and Allergy ,Lymphopoiesis ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Colonization of the mucosal tissues by iNKT cells was thought to be linked to the first contact with the environment. New research demonstrates that this process is regulated by and dependent on embryonic macrophages.
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- 2021
241. CD1d expressed in mast cell surface enhances IgE production in B cells by up-regulating CD40L expression and mediator release in allergic asthma in mice.
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Hong, Gwan Ui, Kim, Nam Goo, Kim, Tae Jin, and Ro, Jai Youl
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CD1 antigen , *MAST cells , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN E , *ASTHMA treatment , *B cells , *CD40 antigen , *LABORATORY mice - Abstract
Abstract: Mast cells play important roles via FcεRI-mediated activation in allergic asthma. A nonpolymorphic MHC I-like molecule CD1d, which is mainly expressed in APCs, presents glycolipid Ag to iTCR on iNKT cells and modulates allergic responses. This study aimed to investigate the role of CD1d on IgE production and mast cell activation related to allergic asthma. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) from C57BL/6 Wild type (WT) or KO (CD1d−/−) mice were activated with Ag/Ab (refer to WT-act-BMMCs and KO-act-BMMCs, respectively) or α-Galactosylceramide (WT-αGal-BMMCs, KO-αGal-BMMCs) in the presence of iNKT cells. WT, KO or BMMC-transferred KO mice were sensitized and/or challenged by OVA or α-Gal to induce asthma. KO-act-BMMCs reduced intracellular Ca2+ levels, expression of signaling molecules (Ras, Rac1/2, PLA2, COX-2, NF-κB/AP-1), mediator release (histamines, leukotrienes and cytokines/chemokines), and total IgE levels versus the corresponding WT-BMMCs. KO mice reduced total and OVA-specific serum IgE levels, number of mast cells, recruiting molecules (CCR2/CCL2, VCAM-1, PECAM-1), expression of tryptase, c-kit, CD40L and cytokine mRNA, co-localization of c-kit and CD1d or iNKT cells in BAL cells or lung tissues, and PCA responses, compared with the corresponding WT mice. BMMC-transferred KO-both mice showed the restoration of all allergic responses versus KO-both mice (Ag/Ab reaction plus α-Gal). KO-αGal-BMMCs or KO-αGal mice did not show any responses. Our data suggest that CD1d-expressed mast cells may function as APC cells for iNKT cells and exacerbate airway inflammation and remodeling through up-regulating IgE production via B cell Ig class switching and mediator release in mast cells of OVA-challenged mice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2014
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242. The potential role of iNKT cells in experimental allergic encephalitis and multiple sclerosis.
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Roozbeh, Maryam, Mohammadpour, Hemn, Azizi, Gholamreza, Ghobadzadeh, Samira, and Mirshafiey, Abbas
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- *
KILLER cells , *ENCEPHALITIS , *MULTIPLE sclerosis , *NEUROLOGY , *INFLAMMATION , *DEMYELINATION , *CENTRAL nervous system diseases - Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder associated with neurological signs and chronic inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). MS has been thought as Th1 (T helper) and Th17 cells mediated disease, but cells of the innate immune system play an important role both in the initiation and progression of MS. The invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are the unique innate lymphocytes subtype involved in inflammation and autoimmune disorders and secretes cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and IL-13. A reduction in number or defect in function of iNKT cells has been associated with an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders indicating that iNKT cells have an immune-regulatory role in autoimmune disorders. Also, the protective role of iNKT cells has been extensively studied in EAE and the results of these studies show that iNKT cells might be a target for therapeutic purposes, but needs more extensive studies of their biology. In this review, we will attempt to show the protective role of iNKT cells in the pathogenesis of EAE and human disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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243. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells.
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Cianferoni, Antonella
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T cell differentiation , *KILLER cells , *DIFFERENTIAL invariants , *FATE mapping (Genetics) , *POLYMORPHIC transformations , *MAJOR histocompatibility complex - Abstract
Invariant Natural killer T cell (iNKT cells) are a subset of T cells, which are narrowly defined as a T cell lineage expressing a semi-invariant CD1d-restricted T cell Receptors (TCRs) composed by Vα24-Jα18/Vβ11 in human, and Vα14-Jα18/Vβ8,Vβ7, and Vβ2 in mouse. Unlike conventional T cells which recognize peptides bound to highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules, iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens, such as glycolipids, presented by CD1d, a non-polymorphic non-classical MHC class I molecule. Lipids derived from microbes, tumors, and allergens, as well as self lipids have been shown to be able to activate iNKT cells. Early on, in an immune response, ligation of the iNKT cell TCR leads to rapid and copious secretion of prototypical Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Moreover, like NK cells, iNKT cells express cytotoxic granules, such as perforin and granzyme that polarize upon activation of TCR and are able to kill target cells. Therefore iNKT cells are a very interesting subset of T cells that may bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. Indeed, iNKT cells can mount specific responses to antigen with cytokine production and cytotoxic activity, however, their TCR evolved to recognize different glycolipid antigens in a conserved manner and to perform innate-like rather than adaptive functions. iNKT cells are now recognized as important players in atopic, autoimmune, infectious diseases, and cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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244. Synthesis of RCAI-172 (C6 epimer of RCAI-147) and its biological activity.
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Shiozaki, Masao, Tashiro, Takuya, Koshino, Hiroyuki, Shigeura, Tomokuni, Watarai, Hiroshi, Taniguchi, Masaru, and Mori, Kenji
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- *
HYDROXYLATION , *LIGANDS (Biochemistry) , *CD1 antigen , *CYTOTOXIC T cells , *CYTOKINES , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *IMMUNOLOGICAL adjuvants , *VIRUS diseases - Abstract
Abstract: RCAI-147 is one of the hydroxylated analogues of KRN7000 which is known as a ligand for the activation of CD1d mediated invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) and releases both T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines such as IFN-γ and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines such as IL-4. KRN7000 has been anticipated as an antitumor drug or an adjuvant for viral infection such as influenza, because of its strong secretion of IFN-γ. In an interesting twist, it has been obvious in our previous paper that RCAI-147 induces much more Th2 cytokines (IL-4) than Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ) from iNKT cells compared to KRN7000, and shows fairly good result in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) test. Therefore, synthesis of RCAI-172 (C6-OH epimer of RCAI-147) was attempted to examine the biological activity. As a result, RCAI-172 was synthesized and its biological activity biased to Th2 response largely compared to that of KRN7000. However, this level decreased to approximately 61% compared to that of RCAI-147. And the clinical score of RCAI-172 for EAE suppression was disappointing. There exist seven chiral centers in the aglycon part of RCAI-172, and even though the change of configuration is just one position (C6-OH), the effect on both Th1/Th2 response and EAE test is fairly large. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2014
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245. Unbiased Profiling Reveals Compartmentalization of Unconventional T-Cells Within the Intestinal Mucosa Irrespective of HIV Infection
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Magalli Magnoumba, Alveera Singh, Paul Ogongo, Julia Roider, Osaretin Asowata, Michael Fehlings, Farina Karim, Thumbi Ndung'u, Frank Anderson, Alasdair Leslie, and Henrik Kløverpris
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Adult ,Male ,gut compartmentalization ,T-Lymphocytes ,Immunology ,MAIT cells ,HIV Infections ,Biology ,Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells ,Flow cytometry ,Immunophenotyping ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intestinal mucosa ,γδ T-cells ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Large intestine ,Mass cytometry ,Receptor ,iNKT cells ,Cells, Cultured ,Original Research ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Repertoire ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta ,Middle Aged ,Acquired immune system ,HIV infection ,3. Good health ,TCR repertoire ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,intestinal mucosa ,Duodenum ,HIV-1 ,Natural Killer T-Cells ,Female ,unconventional T-cells ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,030215 immunology - Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is enriched for unconventional T-cells, including mucosal associated invariant T-cells (MAIT), invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT) and γδ T-cells. These cells are activated by bacterial metabolites, lipid antigens and cytokines, and are important for intestinal barrier integrity. The loss of gut homeostasis observed in HIV infection is central to disease pathogenesis, and studies have highlighted impairment of particular unconventional T-cell subsets within a specific gut compartment. However, although the small and large intestine are distinct niches, the overall impact of HIV on unconventional T-cells across the gut mucosal has not been well-studied. We hypothesized that compartment specific differences in the unconventional T-cell repertoire would exist between the small and large intestine, due to increasing bacterial loads and microbial diversity; and that the impact of HIV infection might differ depending on the compartment examined. We used mass cytometry, flow cytometry and unbiased T-cell receptor profiling to quantify unconventional T-cells in blood and tissue from the small (duodenum) and large (colon) intestine in HIV infected and uninfected participants undergoing examination for a range of intestinal conditions. Overall, we find distinct compartmentalisation of T-cells between blood, duodenum and colon, with iNKT cells significantly enriched in the duodenum and δ-1 expressing γδ T-cells in the colon. In addition, we observe greater clonal expansion of conventional TCRs in the duodenum, suggestive of stronger adaptive immunity in this compartment. Conversely, we find evidence of an expanded unconventional TCR repertoire in the colon, which contained far more overlapping “donor unrestricted” sequences than the duodenum. Twelve of these TCRs were highly “MAIT-like” and 3 were unique to the colon, suggesting an enrichment of donor unrestricted T-cells (DURTs) in this compartment. Unexpectedly, however, no significant impact of HIV infection on any of the unconventional T-cell subsets measured was observed in either mucosal site in terms of frequency or TCR repertoire. Further studies are required to investigate the importance of these unconventional T-cell subsets to intestinal homeostasis within the different gut compartments and determine if they are functionally impaired during HIV infection.
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- 2020
246. High Dimensional Single-Cell Analysis Reveals iNKT Cell Developmental Trajectories and Effector Fate Decision
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Gemma Bogard, François Trottein, Christophe Paget, Mustapha Si-Tahar, Chloé Boisseau, Loïc Gonzalez, Thierry Mallevaey, Kevin Lebrigand, Youenn Jouan, Thomas Baranek, Virginie Magnone, Maria Leite-de-Moraes, Carolina de Amat Herbozo, Céline Dietrich, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), University of Toronto, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-19-CE15-0032,NKTdiff,Mécanismes impliqués dans la différentiation fonctionnelle des lymphocytes T Natural Killer(2019), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), PAGET, Christophe, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours (UT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), CHU Lille, and Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
- Subjects
FHL2 ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Cell ,Regulator ,thymic egress ,[SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC] ,Biology ,single-cell RNA sequencing ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Single-cell analysis ,thymus ,[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,0502 economics and business ,[SDV.BC.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC] ,medicine ,Humans ,developmental program ,050207 economics ,iNKT cells ,030304 developmental biology ,LIM domain ,0303 health sciences ,050208 finance ,Effector ,05 social sciences ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Natural Killer T-Cells ,[SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,Single-Cell Analysis ,transcriptome ,innate T cells ,030215 immunology - Abstract
SummaryCD1d-restricted invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells represent a unique class of T lymphocytes endowed with potent regulatory and effector immune functions. Although these functions are acquired during thymic ontogeny, the sequence of events that give rise to discrete effector subsets remains unclear. Using an unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analysis combined with functional assays, we revealed an unappreciated diversity among thymic iNKT cells, especially among iNKT1 cells. Mathematical modelling and biological methods unravelled a developmental map whereby iNKT2 cells constitute a transient branching point towards the generation of iNKT1 and iNKT17 cells, which reconciles the two previously proposed models. In addition, we identified the transcription co-factor Four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) as a critical cell-intrinsic regulator of iNKT1 specification. Thus, these data illustrate the changing transcriptional network that guides iNKT cell effector fate.
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- 2020
247. Exploiting the immunomodulatory potentials of iNKT cells in sepsis and cancer
- Author
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Choi, Joshua
- Subjects
sepsis ,immunosuppression ,cytokine storm ,cancer ,Immunopathology ,Immunotherapy ,iNKT cells ,Animal Experimentation and Research ,Cancer Biology - Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique unconventional T cell subset that recognize glycolipids presented by CD1d expressing cells. The prototypical glycolipid agonist of iNKT cells, α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), can induce the rapid release of an arsenal of cytotoxic effector molecules and enormous amounts of immunomodulatory cytokines as early as two hours after activation. In addition to α-GalCer, various glycolipid agonists are available that allow for specific, in vivo targeting of iNKT cells, and can exert divergent T-helper (TH)1 and/or TH2 immune responses. Therefore, the type of response instigated by iNKT cells can profoundly influence the nature of downstream immune response pathways. Sepsis and cancer are two distinct, detrimental pathologies where dysregulated immune responses play a key role in the pathogenesis and disease progression. The extent to which iNKT cells contribute to the pathology of sepsis and cancer has not been fully explored. Furthermore, whether iNKT cells can be targeted by glycolipid immunotherapy to mitigate disease progression has yet to be fully elucidated. In this thesis, the immunomodulatory capacity of iNKT cells were manipulated to skew the host immune response towards a protective phenotype. Firstly, using the surgical cecal ligation and puncture model on C57BL/6 (B6) mice to induce polymicrobial sepsis, iNKT cells were activated with a two-pronged glycolipid immunotherapy. I found that glycolipid treatment conferred significant improvements in sepsis morbidity and mortality. Moreover, glycolipid treatments induced an alteration in the cytokine milieu, restored immunocompetence and NK cell cytotoxicity in septic survivors when compared to vehicle treated controls. Secondly, I discovered a tumoricidal population known as, precursors to mature NK (pre-mNK) cells, that robustly expanded in the liver of naïve B6 mice, upon α-GalCer injection. Notably, in situ expansion of resident hepatic pre-mNK cells was found to be dependent on IL-12 and IL-18 signaling. Moreover, α-GalCer-expanded pre-mNK cells were found to mediate cytotoxicity via the granzyme/perforin pathway and significantly contributed to the anti-metastatic activity of NK cells in vivo. Collectively, the findings reported in this thesis show novel mechanisms by which glycolipid therapies can exploit the immunomodulatory potentials of iNKT cells to ameliorate immunopathologies in sepsis and cancer.
- Published
- 2020
248. Targeted co-delivery of tumor antigen and alpha-galactosylceramide to CD141(+) dendritic cells induces a potent tumor antigen-specific human CD8(+) T cell response in human immune system mice
- Author
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François Trottein, Reem Ghinnagow, Sho Iketani, Daphnée Soulard, Jing Huang, Sean Mackay, Jing Zhou, Yukiko Tsuji, Moriya Tsuji, Patrick Paczkowski, Luis J. Cruz, Toshiyuki Seki, TROTTEIN, François, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center [New York], Rockefeller University [New York], Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), IsoPlexis [Branford, CT, USA], Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Jikei University School of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01-AI070258 to MT and ROD021445B to JZ), from the Institut National Du Cancer (INCA_6699 to FT), and from Inserm Transfert (MAT-PI-12320-A-01 to FT)., We thank Dr. Vincent Sahi for assistance with flow cytometric analyses. We also thank the NIH Tetramer Core Facility at Emory University for providing us with the ELAGIGILTV-loaded HLA-A*0201 tetramer., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Universiteit Leiden
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Proteomics ,Thrombomodulin ,Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mice, Inbred NOD ,T-Lymphocyte Subsets ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Immunology and Allergy ,alpha-galactosylceramide ,human immune system mice ,Original Research ,α-galactosylceramide ,CD8(+) T cells ,Chemistry ,Melanoma ,ELISPOT ,Tumor antigen ,3. Good health ,[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,nanovaccine ,Single-Cell Analysis ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,human CD141+ DCs ,[SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,Immunology ,Galactosylceramides ,Mice, Transgenic ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,CD8+ T cells ,Cancer Vaccines ,human CD141(+) DCs ,Immunophenotyping ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Antigen ,Antigens, Neoplasm ,medicine ,melanoma ,Animals ,Humans ,Lectins, C-Type ,targeting ,iNKT cells ,Dendritic Cells ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Receptors, Mitogen ,Cancer research ,Cancer vaccine ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,CD8 ,Biomarkers ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Active co-delivery of tumor antigens (Ag) and alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), a potent agonist for invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells, to cross-priming CD8 alpha(+) dendritic cells (DCs) was previously shown to promote strong anti-tumor responses in mice. Here, we designed a nanoparticle-based vaccine able to target human CD141(+) (BDCA3(+)) DCs - the equivalent of murine CD8 alpha(+) DCs - and deliver both tumor Ag (Melan A) and alpha-GalCer. This nanovaccine was inoculated into humanized mice that mimic the human immune system (HIS) and possess functionaliNKT cells and CD8(+) T cells, called HIS-CD8/NKT mice. We found that multiple immunizations of HIS-CD8/NKT mice with the nanovaccine resulted in the activation and/or expansion of human CD141(+) DCs andiNKT cells and ultimately elicited a potent Melan-A-specific CD8(+) T cell response, as determined by tetramer staining and ELISpot assay. Single-cell proteomics further detailed the highly polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells induced by the nanovaccine and revealed their predictive potential for vaccine potency. This finding demonstrates for the first time the unique ability of humaniNKT cells to license cross-priming DCsin vivoand adds a new dimension to the current strategy of cancer vaccine development.
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- 2020
249. Author response for 'iNKT cells with high PLZF expression are recruited into the lung via CCL21‐CCR7 signaling to facilitate the development of asthma tolerance in mice'
- Author
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Na Li, Wei He, Xintong Feng, Jingjing Feng, Zhijun Jie, Tianyun Shi, Xiao Su, Ling Li, and Caiqi Zhao
- Subjects
Lung ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,medicine ,INKT Cells ,C-C chemokine receptor type 7 ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Asthma ,CCL21 - Published
- 2020
250. Reduction of Peripheral Blood iNKT and γδT Cells in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: An Observational Study
- Author
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Xinhua Zhou, Dan He, Yue Ren, Chao Zhou, Xufang Xie, and Zhen Li
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Parkinson's disease ,Cell ,Immunology ,Gastroenterology ,Severity of Illness Index ,Flow cytometry ,neuroinflammation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Cognitive decline ,Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ,Neuroinflammation ,iNKT cells ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,γδT cells ,INKT Cells ,Parkinson Disease ,Brief Research Report ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Flow Cytometry ,Peripheral blood ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,T cell subset ,Natural Killer T-Cells ,Female ,business ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,γδt cells ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Objective: To investigate the frequencies and numbers of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and γδT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with the Parkinson's disease (PD), and to examine their association with the PD severity. Methods: Peripheral blood samples from 47 PD patients (PD group) and 47 age-matched healthy control subjects (HC group) were collected. The frequencies and the absolute cell numbers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to test the difference between two groups, where P < 0.05 was considered as significant. An ordered probit regression method was used to examine the association of the iNKT and γδT cells with severity of PD. Results: Patients in the PD group showed significantly lower frequencies (0.039 vs. 0.139%; P = 0) and cell counts (308/mL vs. 1,371/mL; P = 0) of iNKT cells compared to the HC group. Moreover, the percentages and absolute numbers of γδT cells were significantly decreased in the PD group compared to the HC group (3.69 vs. 7.95% and 30/μL vs. 66/μL; P = 0). The iNKT cells were significantly reduced in PD patients with higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores or cognitive decline. Conclusions: Cell frequencies and absolute numbers of iNKT cells and γδT cells are significantly reduced in the peripheral blood samples of PD patients. Patients with high UPDRS scores or cognitive decline also showed significant reduction of iNKT cells. Our results suggest that iNKT cells and γδT cells may contribute to the development of PD.
- Published
- 2020
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