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Within the late-Proterozoic Kerala Khondalite Belt in southern India, the widespread biotitebearing granitic gneisses have been subjected to insitu dehydration and melting at upper amphibolite to granulite facies conditions (Srikantappa et al. 1985, Chacko et al. 1987). Segregation of melts occurred in the centimetre to metre scale as well as over outcrop distances and gave rise to a complete sequence of garnet-bearing leueosome types. This ensemble (leptynitic gneiss) was formed under essentially static conditions and fortunately has not been overprinted by subsequent ductile shear deformation. Several active quarries have been selected to study three major aspects of crustal anatexis: (1) the generation of granitic melts at conditions of a fluid-absent granulite facies regime, (2) the mechanisms of melt segregation and melt migration and (3) the geochemical affinity of these melts with granites from distinct geotectonic settings. Here we report the field relations, describe the phenomena of dehydration/melting and give first results of the petrological and geochemical investigation. coarse-grained graphic intergrowths of plagioclase and alkalifeldspar. Plagioclase as single matrix phase is rare. The graphic intergrowths often surround the mesoperthite grains from which they may have been formed either through fluid-enhanced recrystallization or crystallization of an intergrannlar melt at subsolvus conditions. The in-situ leucosomes (L1) and the gneiss domains have similar granodioritie compositions, although some complementary features are obvious: significantly higher concentrations of FeO, MgO, Y and the HREE characterize the leucosomes, whereas the gneiss domains are moderately enriched in CaO, NazO, K20, Rb, Sr and Ba. These chemical characteristics document small-scale element transfer between the two domains, which was mainly controlled by the continuous biotite breakdown in the gneiss domains and the simultaneous growth of garnet in the centre of the leucosomes. It is suggested that the leucosomes (L1) were formed through flnidabsent biotite dehydration-melting according to the model reaction

4. The Collected Works of John W. Tukey: vol. VIII, Multiple Comparisons: 1948–1983. Edited by H. I. Braun. ISBN 0 412 05121 4. Chapman and Hall, London, 1994. 1xii + 476 pp. £49.50.

Twenty patients who had suffered missile head injuries (MHI) during the Lebanese War were separated into three groups, based on clinical criteria. All the patients were monitored polysomnographically (PSG) 3 and 12 months after the injury. The records were double-blind scored. The clinical and PSG data were compared, and discrepancies were found between the clinical and PSG evaluation of sleep in MHI patients. Sleep disturbance is not an obligatory feature of MHI patients. MHI associated with hypersomnia was found to have a good prognosis. Insomnia is usually associated with long coma and severe diffuse brain lesions in MHI patients and has a much more severe prognosis than hypersomnia in these patients.

The properties of proteolytic enzymes produces from calf maws and from an Ascomycete were studied. Both milk-clotting proteases have their optimum activity at pH 5.2 and 45 degrees C. The microbiological rennin has a second maximum activity at pH 3.5 and 55 degrees C. Temperatures above 55 degrees C cause a rapid decrease of activity. The behaviour of enzyme activity is similar with varying substrate and enzyme concentrations. However, increasing amounts of enzyme in ratio to the substrate lead to reaction rates of the calf rennin differing clearly from that of the microbiological rennet complex.

A complete solution is presented of the equations governing the redistribution of solutes in zone-melting processes. The effect of "normal freezing" in the last zone-length of a bar is treated rigorously. The solutions hold for all values of the distribution coefficient k. Numerical calculations have been made of the concentration profiles resulting from repeated zone-melting, and specimen graphs are given.

This paper treats the question of the ultimate concentration distribution, that is the distribution which is unaffected by further passes. An exact solution is given of this ultimate distribution for any value of the distribution coefficient k, taking into account the end-effect due to the normal freezing in the last zone. Graphs of the ultimate distribution are given for different values of k and the zone-length. To know how many passes are needed to reach the ultimate distribution, these graphs have been compared with the graphs of the successive concentration profiles. After a certain number of passes the concentration profiles oscillate around the ultimate distribution. These oscillations become smaller and smaller with increasing number of passes. There exists therefore an optimum number of passes with the lowest concentration profile.

Experiments are described in which the V-I characteristics of contacts between a mercury jet and surfaces of germanium, cleaved under dielectric liquids, are measured in darkness and under illumination. The results are analyzed using a previously developed model for injecting contacts. It has proved possible to verify the self-consistency of this model and to evaluate contact barrier heights in ordered and disordered surface regions.

A new analysis is given of photoeffects at injecting point-contacts on semiconductor surfaces. I–V relationships, floating potentials and short-circuit currents are calculated as a function of barrier height, band gap, doping level and intensity of illumination. The results explain some hitherto unclear contact phenomena and lead to conclusions about their mechanism.

A theory of charge transport through hemispherical metal contacts on semiconductors is developed which, with appropriate approximations, permits the calculation of IV characteristics and injection ratios as a function of the band gap, barrier height, doping level and contact radius.

In the etching of recrystallized aluminium (both of 99.99% purity, and zone-refined material) in Lacombe and Beaujard's etchant, the grab boundaries are found to resist attack immediately after electropolishing, but to become susceptible to severe attack after periods of a few days at room temperature. It is suggested that this behaviour is due to diffusion of impurities along the grain boundaries, into the oxide film.

By doping an originally pure crystal at both ends and by subsequently melting it repeatedly back and forth, the calculated impurity distributions, as obtained after each pass, converge to a horizontal straight line. This is, therefore, a useful method for obtaining a uniform impurity distribution along a single crystal. In the last zone, however, the abrupt change in impurity concentration, due to the normal freezing cannot be avoided. The first doping of the crystal has to be done before the first pass and the second doping at the other end of the crystal after the first pass. Graphs are given for different values of k , for the length of the crystal in relation to the zone length and for the minimum number of passes needed to obtain a uniform impurity distribution. The results indicate that the method is extremely well suited for materials with values of k up to 0·6, while ordinary zone leveling fails for materials with a value of k between 0·1 and 1. In the new method the impurity content in any pass is proportional to the introduced impurity content at one end. Thus any desired uniform impurity distribution can be easily obtained.

Anisotropic elastic stress was applied to semiconductor surfaces parallel to the plane of shallow p‐n junctions. The resistance of diffused and alloyed junctions was found to be highly stress‐sensitive under both forward and reverse bias. Reversible resistance decreases under stress by factors of more than 103 were observed.

ObjectivesCompare quality ratings of accredited and nonaccredited nursing homes using the publicly available Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Nursing Home Compare data set.MethodsThis cross-sectional study compared the performance of 711 Joint Commission–accredited (TJC-accredited) nursing homes (81 of which also had Post-Acute Care Certification) to 14,926 non–Joint Commission–accredited (non–TJC-accredited) facilities using the Nursing Home Compare data set (as downloaded on April 2015). Measures included the overall Five-Star Quality Rating and its 4 components (health inspection, quality measures, staffing, and RN staffing), the 18 Nursing Home Compare quality measures (5 short-stay measures, 13 long-stay measures), as well as inspection deficiencies, fines, and payment denials. t tests were used to assess differences in rates for TJC-accredited nursing homes versus non–TJC-accredited nursing homes for quality measures, ratings, and fine amounts. Analysis of variance models were used to determine differences in rates using Joint Commission accreditation status, nursing home size based on number of beds, and ownership type. An additional model with an interaction term using Joint Commission accreditation status and Joint Commission Post-Acute Care Certification status was used to determine differences in rates for Post-Acute Care Certified nursing homes. Binary variables (eg, deficiency type, fines, and payment denials) were evaluated using a logistic regression model with the same covariates.ResultsAfter controlling for the influences of facility size and ownership type, TJC-accredited nursing homes had significantly higher star ratings than non–TJC-accredited nursing homes on each of the star rating component subscales (P

Eye movements challenge the perception of a stable world by inducing retinal image displacement. During saccadic eye movements visual stability is accompanied by a remapping of visual receptive fields, a compression of visual space and perceptual suppression. Here we explore whether a similar suppression changes the perception of briefly presented low contrast targets during the initiation of smooth pursuit eye movements. In a 2AFC design we investigated the contrast sensitivity for threshold-level stimuli during the initiation of smooth pursuit and during saccades. Pursuit was elicited by horizontal step-ramp and ramp stimuli. At any time from 200ms before to 500ms after pursuit stimulus onset, a blurred 0.3deg wide horizontal line with low contrast just above detection threshold appeared for 10ms either 2deg above or below the pursuit trajectory. Observers had to pursue the moving stimulus and to indicate whether the target line appeared above or below the pursuit trajectory. In contrast to perceptual suppression effects during saccades, no pronounced suppression was found at pursuit onset for step-ramp motion. When pursuit was elicited by a ramp stimulus, pursuit initiation was accompanied by catch-up saccades, which caused saccadic suppression. Additionally, contrast sensitivity was attenuated at the time of pursuit or saccade stimulus onset. This attenuation might be due to an attentional deficit, because the stimulus required the focus of attention during the programming of the following eye movement.

We measured the eVect of global phase manipulations on a rapid animal categorization task. The Fourier spectra of our images of natural scenes were manipulated by adding zero-mean random phase noise at all spatial frequencies. The phase noise was the independent variable, uniformly and symmetrically distributed between 0° and §180°. Subjects were remarkably resistant to phase noise. Even with §120° phase noise subjects were still performing at 75% correct. The high resistance of the subjects’ animal categorization rate to phase noise suggests that the visual system is highly robust to such random image changes. The proportion of correct answers closely followed the correlation between original and the phase noise-distorted images. Animal detection rate was higher when the same task was performed with contrast reduced versions of the same natural images, at contrasts where the contrast reduction mimicked that resulting from our phase randomization. Since the subjects’ categorization rate was better in the contrast experiment, reduction of local contrast alone cannot explain the performance in the phase noise experiment. This result obtained with natural images diVers from those obtained for simple sinusoidal stimuli were performance changes due to phase changes are attributed to local contrast changes only. Thus the global phase-change accompanying disruption of image structure such as edges and object boundaries at diVerent spatial scales reduces object classiWcation over and above the performance deWcit resulting from reducing contrast. Additional color information improves the categorization performance by 2%.  2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Association of carpal tunnel syndrome with systemic diseases is well established. Carpal tunnel syndrome preceded or existed simultaneously in 5 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. It is probably related to tenosynovitis resulting in increase in the volume of the contents of the tunnel.

In studying the stages of a beneficiation process, we can choose a target control function for each stage. For instance, for a crushing plant, the control target may be the maximum possible quantity and a given content of f inal-product class in the grader (hydrocyelone) output. The drawback of this approach is that operation of a plant unit, which is opt imal from the viewpoint of the target control function of this unit, may not be opt imal for the target control function of the process as a whole. The operation of a crushing unit which is opt imal according to the above target conuol function may involve marked variations in the density and volume flow rate of the grader output, which will have an adverse effect on the operation of the flotation unit. However, in the absence of au tomat ic control sensors for a number of technological parameters, i t is pract ical ly impossible to determine the op t i mum conditions for a technological process as a whole. The estabRshment of a system of central ized control and the development of new sensors should greatly faci l i ta te the solution of this problem.

The robustness of validity of four methods for setting confidence intervals for a location parameter when the scale is unknown are investigated. Three methods involve estimating the variance of an M- estimate of location while the fourth is a procedure suggested by Maritz, based on a permutation argument. The first three methods use either a finite sample approximation to the asymptotic variance (a well-known standard) or make inferences on the basis of the shape of the putative likelihood function. The latter approach is related to the work of Sprott, as well as that of Efron and Hinkley on conditional inference. Overall, the Maritz procedure performs best though the standard does suprisingly well. (Author)

A method is proposed for measuring and comparing the growth over time of a sample of tumors subjected to a number of different therapies. The procedure, which is illustrated by means of an example, does not require explicit parametric modelling of the growth curve itself and is particularly useful when the comparison of treatment efficacies is of chief interest. In addition, an ad hoc approach to the estimation of required sample sizes is delineated.

1. Every third or fourth patient visiting an outpatients department for pulmonary diseases was found to have chronic bronchitis. 2. Twice as many manual workers as other workers suffer from chronic bronchitis. This difference seems to be related to the dusty conditions to which manual workers are exposed. Manual workers in clean conditions have the same proportion of chronic bronchitis as non manual workers. 3. Up to the age of sixty there is no difference in the incidence of chronic bronchitis in male and female patients. Above the age of sixty the incidence in males exceeds than in females. 4. No difference between male and female patients up to the age of sixty years is also in regard of the combination of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema.

This communication is a critique of a novel, but inappropriate, use of the correlation coefficient to demonstrate the clustering of biological activity levels about a purported geometric progression. The data are re-examined by using a Fourier analysis approach to test for periodicity on a logarithmic scale; this approach follows from the methods of Kendall (1974, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A 276, 231-266) and Fisher (1929, Proceedings of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 125, 54-59).

This report describes work on the development of robust estimators of width. An earlier technical report, an Interim Report of a Monte Carlo Study of Robust Estimators of Width describes previous work undertaken in connection with this project. Essentially a single faimly of estimators (together with a few obvious variations) was investigated for sample sizes n=10 and n=20, using Monte Carlo methods. The authors were motivated by considerations of conceptual and computational simplicity as well as a desire to achieve high robustness of efficiency. Moderate success was achieved on both counts. In fact apparent triefficiencies of 89% were obtained for sample size 10.

Saslow (1967) and Fischer and Ramsperger (1984) found that saccadic reaction time (SRT) depends on the interval between the fixation point offset and the target onset. Using a continuously visible fixation point, we asked whether a similar function would be obtained if subjects attended to a peripherally viewed point extinguished at variable intervals before or after the target onset. The interval was varied between -500 ms (i.e., attention stimulus offset after saccade target onset = overlap trials) and 500 ms (i.e., attention stimulus offset before saccade target onset = gap trials). The results show a constant mean SRT of about 240 ms for overlap trials, and a U-shaped function with a minimum of 140 ms, at a gap duration of 200 ms, for gap trials. These findings suggest that saccadic latencies do not depend on the cessation of fixation per se, but rather on the disengagement of attention from any location in the visual field. The time required for subjects to disengage their attention is approximately 100 ms. This disengaged state of attention--during which short latency (express) saccades can be made--can be sustained only for a gap duration of 300 ms. At longer gap durations mean SRTs increase again.

• A serologic and epidemiologic survey was undertaken to explain the high incidence of eosinophilia (14.1%) In nine of 64 residents of a facility for mentally retarded adults in Pennsylvania. Seven residents had antibodies to Strongyloides stercoralis as determined by an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system (10.9%) and five (71.4%) of this subset had persistent eosinophilia, suggesting a strong association. Sex, race, age, ward, degree of retardation, and medication were not associated with eosinophilia. Stool examination revealed S stercoralis larvae in two residents with S stercoralis antibodies and eosinophilia. Follow-up studies after thiabendazole treatment of the residents with S stercoralis antibodies showed resolution of eosinophilia and disappearance of S stercoralis antibodies in most. Eosinophilia in an adult institutional setting may be associated with strongyloidiasis, even in a nonendemic area. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to S stercoralis may be useful in diagnosing or monitoring therapy of strongyloidiasis. ( Arch Intern Med 1988;148:634-636)

Employing a family of generalized linear models for the gamma distribution, the structure of birth interval data derived from three historical populations is examined. The relative importance of such factors as current age, parity of the mother, and duration of marriage in determining the length of succeeding intervals is investigated. The results suggest that the three data sets have a common, rather simple structure and various applications of such empirical models are considered.