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New scale prevention method was studied in order to adapt the top sea water temperature of more than 100°C in the multiple effect distillation process. The experimental apparatus was so designed that the sea water flows down on the surface of the evaporation plate of 10 mm width and 220 mm length with falling film. It became clear through the test that the surface was prevented from scale precipitation by keeping pH value of the sea water 5.3 and keeping surface vaporization of the sea water without nuclear boiling at a temperature of 130°C. Even when scale precipitation was brought on the evaporation plate surface in mal-operation, the scale is easily removed from the surface by reducing pH value of the sea water to 1 ∼ 2 only for several minutes. It was certified by autoclave tests that titanium is suitable plate material against crevice corrosion and general corrosion in pH of the sea water 5.3 and top sea water temperature of 130°C. As a result, top sea water temperature of 130°C can be apply to the actual multiple effect distillation process.

Antibodies in both their free and immobilized state have been the object of considerable industrial and academic interest. A variety of methods are used for preparing and immobilizing antibodies. Applications for monoclonal antibodies include the preparation of therapeutics, diagnostics, and in affinity fractionation. Recent US patents on monoclonal and immobilized antibodies and scientific literature on monoclonal antibodies are surveyed. A description of these patents and a list of references are given.

This paper investigates the possibility of simultaneous nondestructive evaluation of material degradation and detection of sub-millimeter sized defects using magnetic methods. We confirmed by FEM simulation that assessment of both degradation and small defects in steel is possible using a single-yoke probe. This was also verified experimentally. The hysteresis loop measurements were sensitive to degradation in the material, and the scanning flux distribution could be effectively used for detecting sub-millimeter sized defects. The degradation and small defects can also be evaluated separately with this single measurement configuration.

Flying height fluctuations in a magnetic head slider were measured during track access using an optical interferometric technique. It was found that flying height of the front rail decreases while that of the rear rail increases due to acceleration during track access. Upon deceleration the situation is reversed. It is clear that flying height degradation is strongly influenced by deformation of the flexure element of a magnetic head suspension. An analytical model of the flying height degradation is presented to predict the flying height degradation for both Watrous and Winchester suspensions. By reducing installation angle of the flexure element, it is possible to reduce the flying height degradation. The flying height degradation can also be reduced by reducing slider mass and offset in the flexure mounting surface from the slider mass center and by increasing slider's air bearing stiffness.

Employing a sensitive variable angle interference technique the changes in thickness Δl/l and in refractive index Δn/n accompanying the photo‐induced shift of the optical absorption edge toward longer wavelengths were determined in evaporated As2S3 films. The irreversible heat or light‐induced structural change was found to be associated with a decrease in thickness Δl/l=0.011±0.001 and an increase in refractive index Δn/n=0.045±0.005. Changes of l and n associated with the reversible photodarkening effect were found to be less than 0.2 and 0.5 percent, respectively.

The concentrations of haemolymph cations were studied from the early 5th instar to a new pupal stage in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, reared on either mulberry leaves or an artificial diet. 1. 1. The potassium level in the haemolymph changed little during feeding and mature stage and] averaged 50 μequiv/ml in the silkworm larvae reared on both diets. It increased during larval-pupal development to 90 μequiv/ml at pupation. 2. 2. The magnesium level in the haemolymph of the silkworm larvae reared on mulberry leaves increased as the larval growth proceeded. On the other hand in the silkworm on artificial diet the level was maintained at a steady-state level of 100 μequiv/ml. In both groups it declined remarkably during larval-pupal development. 3. 3. The haemolymph sodium concentration was higher in the larvae on the artificial diet than those fed on mulberry leaves. 4. 4. The calcium level was higher in the larvae on the mulberry leaves diet than those on the artificial one during the feeding stage, reflecting the content of diets.

Deficiency of dietary carotenoid and vitamin A caused an absence of photoperiodic response of diapause induction in the silkworm,Bombyx mori, and an addition of vitamin A to the diet restored the response. By high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) a possible photoperiodic receptor of the silkworm brain was found to contain both retinal and 3-hydroxyretinal which are chromophores of insect visual pigments. These pieces of evidence suggest that a retinoid protein might function in the photoperiodic response of the silkworm.

Hydrogen radicals are employed in the growth of ZnSe. They react with starting gases to form long‐lifetime precursors for deposition. The major advantages of hydrogen radical assisted chemical vapor deposition over the existing methods include (1) low‐temperature growth, (2) plasma‐free substrate, (3) selective precursor formation, (4) substrate cleaning effect, (5) rearrangement of atoms on the growing surface, and (6) passivation of grain boundaries or dangling bonds. Highly (111) axis oriented ZnSe films have been prepared on glass substrates at 200 °C. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity in the dark and the photoconductive response suggest low density of traps. Epitaxial ZnSe films on GaAs substrates have been obtained at 200 °C.

The primary photocurrent of a‐Si:H prepared by glow discharge of SiH4 was investigated with VIDICON and ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC techniques. The photoresponse current depends greatly upon the device structures used and an excellent photoconductivity gain of unity is attainable if the leakage current in the dark is excluded. All results in this study can be interpreted in terms of field‐independent efficiency for carrier‐generation in a‐Si:H.

Platelet aggregation was measured in fasting platelet-rich plasma in 25 psoriatics, 6 of whom were diabetic, 50 normal controls, and 24 diabetics. The aggregating agents employed to induce platelet aggregation included ADP, epinephrine and collagen. Platelet aggregation was significantly increased in psoriatics compared with normal controls. An additive effect was observed when diabetes was associated with psoriasis, with platelet aggregation being further increased by ADP. Platelet aggregability was re-evaluated in 7 psoriatics after they presented with clearing of the rash. The increased platelet aggregation with ADP and epinephrine was significantly reduced when the skin lesions had cleared.

[2]Paracyclo[2]paracyclo[2](1,1′)ferrocenophane derivatives having olefinic or acetylenic bonds and aromatic rings were synthesized by intramolecularly titanium-induced reductive coupling of carbonyl compounds. The transannular π-electronic interactions between two olefinic or acetylenic bonds and two benzene rings were examined on the basis of electronic spectra.

The internal carotid artery blood flow velocity waveforms were measured with continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound in 17 normal nonpregnant and 50 pregnant women. 1) The measurement of the blood flow velocities in the pregnant women revealed a characteristic pattern. That is, in the women in the early pregnant stage (less than 16 weeks' gestation, n = 13), the velocity was lower than that of nonpregnant women. In the middle pregnant stage (16 to 27 weeks' gestation, n = 18), the velocity became higher than in the early stage and in the late stage (equal to and more than 28 weeks' gestation, n = 19), it again became slower. 2) The initial systolic peak blood velocity (S1), end-diastolic blood velocity (d), time averaged maximal blood velocity (M), Pourcelot ratio (PR), systolic-diastolic ratio (S/D) and pulsatility index (PI) were calculated and did not show laterality in any group. 3) PR, S/D and PI of the women in the early stages of pregnancy were higher than those of nonpregnant women, indicating that the cerebral vascular resistance became higher in early pregnancy. This technique presented the possibility of the assessment of the cerebral blood circulation in pregnant women.

In helical strips of mesenteric arteries from 30-day (28-35 day), 3-month (80-110 day), 2-year (10-40 month) and 12-year (135-161 month)-old beagles, contractile responses to vasoconstrictors were compared. The responses to transmural stimulation and norepinephrine, relative to those caused by 30 mM K+, were greater in the infant beagle arteries than in those from the older beagles. Equipotent concentrations of the amine for producing the same magnitude of contraction as that evoked by 5 or 20 Hz stimulation in beagles of different ages did not differ. Treatment with 10(-9) M prazosin or 10(-8) M yohimbine attenuated the response to norepinephrine in 30-day and 12-year-old beagles to a similar extent. Contractions induced by transmural stimulation in the infant beagle arteries were potentiated slightly by 10(-9) M yohimbine and, in contrast, attenuated at 10(-8) M. On the other hand, the stimulation-evoked contraction in the senile beagle arteries was potentiated by these concentrations of yohimbine in a dose-dependent manner. Angiotensin II potentiated responses to electrical stimulation in 30-day and 12-year-old beagles to a similar extent. Contractions by angiotensin II and serotonin did not alter with age. It may be concluded that alpha adrenoceptor function reduces during an early postnatal period, but does not decline further through senescence. It appears that prejunctional, but not postjunctional, alpha-2 receptor function develops after birth, whereas pre- and postjunctional angiotensin receptors already mature in beagles until the age of 30 days.

Several ferrocenophanes, in which the two cyclopentadienyl rings are linked by acetylenic and olefinic bonds and aromatic rings, have been synthesized via the titanium-induced reductive coupling of the corresponding formyl compounds. The structures of these ferrocenophane compounds were determined by means of their IR and NMR spectra. The transannular π-electronic interactions between the two chromophores were examined on the basis of the electronic spectra.

Some recently developed optical methods for the measurement, control and shape recognition of particle flow are presented including motion control of micro-particles by optical pressure, identification of particle groups by matched spatial filters, bidirectional light scattering/image processing, bidirectional light scattering/real time measurement, dual beam type particle counter, and speckle photography.Some recently developed optical methods for the measurement, control and shape recognition of particle flow are presented including motion control of micro-particles by optical pressure, identification of particle groups by matched spatial filters, bidirectional light scattering/image processing, bidirectional light scattering/real time measurement, dual beam type particle counter, and speckle photography.

A new high-voltage LSI fabrication technique realizing a push-pull output circuit with compact low-power and high-speed logic has been developed. The unique feature of this technique is that it provides compatibility for high-voltage devices with low-power IIL and high-speed Complementary Schottky Transistor Logic(CSTL) on a single chip by using an improved Semi-Well Isolation structure. As a result, logic circuits having minimum propagation delay times of 35ns/gate for IIL and 2ns/gate for CSTL were realized on the same chip with 180V devices.

The effect of bradykinin (BK) on the release of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-END-LI) in rats was studied in in vivo and in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of BK at 5 micrograms/100 g body weight resulted in a significant increase in the plasma beta-END-LI level after 15 min. BK at concentrations of 10(-12)-10(-7) M also caused dose-dependent stimulation of beta-END-LI release from the dispersed cells of the anterior pituitary of rats. On gel chromatography, the beta-END-LI released by incubation of the cells with 10(-7) M BK separated into two components; one eluted in the same positions as human beta-lipotropin and the other as human beta-endorphin. BK did not stimulate beta-END-LI release in Ca++-free medium. Addition of 10(-3) M verapamil, 10(-6) M dexamethasone or 10(-7) M somatostatin to the incubation medium inhibited BK-induced beta-END-LI release from the cells. Ouabain (10(-5) M) also stimulated beta-END-LI release, but its effect was not additive with that of BK. These results indicate that BK stimulates beta-END-LI release and that calcium ion is involved in the mechanism of this effect.

[2]Paracyclo[2]paracyclo[2](1,8)naphthalenophan-9-ene-1,17-diyne, [0]paracyclo[2]paracyclo[0](5,6)acenaphthenophan-7-ene, and [2]paracyclo[2]paracyclo[2](5,6)acenaphthenophan-9-ene-1,17-diyne, were synthesized by intramolecular reductive coupling reaction of the corresponding carbonyl compounds with low-valent titanium reagent. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by NMR analyses, and the transannular π-electronic interactions between two benzene rings were examined on the basis of electronic spectra.