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To solve the problems caused by the complex failure mechanisms in hydraulic brake failure systems and the uncertain linkages between fault type and fault symptoms, a method of Bayesian network (BN) is offered for failure diagnosis. A statistical strategy is adopted there in this algorithm on the rule base provided by many experts to discard the weak causal relationship rules while keep the relatively strong ones during the BN structure learning, and a BN-based model of layered architecture is established for fault diagnosis of hydraulic braking failure systems. Experimental data analysis shows that the Bayesian network fault diagnosis model has higher accuracy than fuzzy logic diagnosis method, effectively solving the uncertainties in fault diagnosis.

Electro wedge brake (EWB) have been suggested and improved for enhancing the braking efficiency and reducing the weight and power of actuating motor than electro mechanical brake (EMB). This is due to self-reinforcement features of the wedge mechanism. On the other hand, the conventional hydraulic brake system has the passive wear adjustment without any sensors and actuators. This is because of the sealing rubber which is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder and piston, and supply the piston’s same restoring strokes regardless of pad’s wear amounts. This feature leads to the uniform distance between the disc and the pad. In comparison, electronic brake systems such as EMB and EWB don’t have the hydraulic piston and cylinder with the sealing rubber. Therefore the electronic brake systems cannot use the function of this passive wear adjustment. However, if the electronic brake system has gap sensors for detecting distances between the pad and the disc, and actuators for keeping the uniform distances between the pad and the disc, then the brake system can have the function of wear adjustments. One of our research goals is the embodiment of cost-effective and feasible wear adjustment mechanism which is proper to EWB. In this paper, as a chain of EWB’s development, we describe the proposed mechanism for wear adjustment with EWB. Further we describe the feasibility of this mechanism with the simulation study.

The dynamic behavior of the engine organs in severe conditions is complicated to identify. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of the crankshaft of the diesel engine Deutz F8L413 direct injection-type air cooled in the severe operating conditions is investigated in a 3D global model. The maximum operating characteristics of the engine are experimentally measured on a bench test equipped with a hydraulic brake. The most stressed areas of the crankshaft are determined by numerical simulations. In addition, an analysis of the fatigue behavior of the crankshaft is carried out by using two fatigues criteria. The efficiency of the model is demonstrated by comparing between the numerical results and the experimental data obtained with the natural modes of vibration test.

The electromagnetic brake has already been acknowledged by users as one kind of contactless brake. In this paper, the basic principle and application of electromagnetic braking technology were briefly introduced first. Then the structure of the innovative hybrid brake with double disc was put forward. It employed an electromagnetic braking to reduce brake pad wear and braking system thermal recession. Based on the design requirements, the friction brake and the electromagnetic brake were designed respectively. Finally, in order to verify that whether the designed hybrid brake meets the design requirements, a bench test was carried out. The electromagnetic braking torque characteristic was tested. The results showed that the electromagnetic braking torque could approach 198N·m.Thus the design method is feasible..

Braking system is one of the important systems in Automobiles. It is essential to decelerate the vehicle and stop it when essential. The temperature of the brake pad (stator) and disc (rotor) increases because of frictional force between them. Higher temperatures may lead to brake fading or failure of braking system. In the present study droplet cooling of commercially available Brake pad is analyzed with surface temperatures in the range of 80°C - 150°C. The brake pad material analyzed is a composite material with Fe2O3, BaO, CaO, SiO2, SO3 and MgO as major constituents. The percentage of the constituents are found using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The brake pad is artificially heated using cartridge heater and a fixed volume of water is dropped on to the brake pad surface using a syringe pump. The characteristics of droplet on the surface of the brake pad are recorded using a High speed camera. The temperature is measured continuously using a K type thermocouple and is recorded using an online data acquisition system. The characteristic of droplet enhanced cooling is presented.

As a megawatt-class wind turbine braking system, in addition to brake, it should also be in place with a wind wheel locking device to ensure that the failure of the braking system in the normal case fan will not burst start again.To solve the problem the article has designed a hydraulic locking device, and USES the AMESim software on the research and analysis.

Biodiesel was prepared from three different individual sources: waste frying oil, palm oil, and castor oil; to compare their performance versus conventional diesel and with respect to each other on the performance of a KUBOTA 67 kW tractor diesel engine. All tested fuels were purely used without any blending. Tractor engine was tested through a P.T.O. hydraulic brake dynamometer at the tractors testing station - Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. Engine performance characteristics and main indicators were determined: P.T.O. torque and power, engine brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), and air fuel ratio (AFR). The highest performance was achieved by the conventional diesel. The performance of all tested biodiesels were close to each other; and no clear preference of any specific biodiesel could be considered. Their tested properties were also very close. So, the decision of selecting a specific biodiesel (prepared from a specific source) depends mainly on its availability and economical feasibility wherever is used.

Depending on the design of the braking system foundation, a hydraulic state-of-the-art braking system in conventionally driven passenger cars distributes braking forces between front and rear axle at a ratio of about 70:30 (installed brake force distribution) [2], ❶. In hybrid and electric vehicles the brake energy can be partially recuperated. The distribution of axle specific recuperated brake energy depends on the drivetrain topology. In case of electric braking on the front axle only, a strong understeering of the vehicle would occur. When braking electrically on the rear axle only, an oversteering or even instable brake force distribution is likely. In general, this can lead to more frequent interventions of ABS/ESP. ❶ The installed brake force distribution is defined by the design of the hydraulic brake and by the wheel radius, the ideal brake force distribution results from the pitching of the vehicle [1]; the ratio of the brake force on the rear axle to the vehicle weight Fb,RA/G over the ratio of the brake force on the front axle to the vehicle weight Fb,FA/G [2] is depicted For electric vehicles with one electric motor per axle, every possible brake force distribution can be established as long as the maximum recuperation potential is not exceeded. Additional consideration of the hydraulic braking system can reduce the frequency of ABS/ESP interventions thus achieving a better balanced performance near the installed brake force distribution. Based on the brake pedal application a vehicle related target brake force Fb,Veh can be derived. For the generation of brake force four actors are available: one generator and the hydraulic brake per axle. The target brake force needs to be distributed to the four actors meeting suitable and prioritised rules: : vehicle stability : realisation of target brake force : maximum recuperation efficiency : realisation of demanded brake force distribution. The vehicle stability criterion results from axle individual acting of the generator brakes and their responsiveness, in contrast to the wheel individual ABS control of a hydraulic brake. In the following, a situation dependent reduction of the recuperation potential on one or both axles is assumed. This can be realised by a suitable pre-processing algorithm. The criterion of building up a target brake force is given by Eq. 1: The maximum recuperation efficiency demands for a preferably electric braking. Next to the stability restrictions here the degrees of freedom of the hydraulic brake are to be considered. Under consideration of the remaining recuperation potential of both electric motors and of the restrictions coming from the hydraulic braking system, the installed brake force distribution given by Eq. 2 and Eq. 3 can be established: Cp,FA, Cp,RA: brake force coeffi cient on front (FA) and rear axle (RA) τrwhl,FA, τrwhl,RA: wheel radius on front (FA) and rear axle (RA) The hydraulic brake force is separated in an unavoidable part Fb,HydBase and a freely adjustable part Fb,HydAdd. Hereby, the brake force of each axle is given by Eq. 4 and Eq. 5.

Magnetorheological (MR) brakes, belonging to the class of electromagnetic brakes, have a potential to replace conventional hydraulic brakes owing to reversible, rapidly controllable torque characteristics. In this study, T-shaped rotor MR brake was considered due to their higher braking torque capability and compactness compared to other configurations of brake. Optimal design of the brake was performed considering brake rotor radius, rotor thickness, flange length, casing thickness, coil height and coil width. Magnetostatic analyses were performed for different combinations of parameters of the brake dimensions to compute the magnetic flux density generated in the MR fluid region and the torque ratio and mass were calculated. The optimum dimensions of the brake were determined based on maximization of torque ratio and minimization of mass of the brake using multi-objective Genetic algorithm optimization technique. Further, magnetostatic analyses of the T-rotor brake with optimal dimensions were performed and torque characteristics were compared with those obtained for brake with simple disk rotor. It was concluded that T-rotor brake produces higher braking torque compared to simple disk rotor type MR brake for similar dimensions.

The vehicles usage is increasing day by day due to the recent, technological development in the automotive field. In a competitive global market in order to survive, the reliability needs to be ensured, through a proper monitoring system. Brake system is one such control component, in which much focus is very much essential. An efficient brake system should provide reliable and effective performance in order to ensure the safety. If it is not properly monitored, it may lead to a serious catastrophic effect such as accidents, brake down, etc. Hence, the brake system needs to be monitored continuously. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out for monitoring the brake system using vibration signals. An experimental setup which resembles the brake system was fabricated. The vibration signals were acquired under various brake condition such as good and faulty. From the acquired vibration signals, the features were extracted using statistical and histogram feature extraction techniques and feature selection was carried out. The selected features were then classifieds using a Naive Bayes and Bayes Net a classifier. The classification accuracy of all the algorithms were compared for finding the best feature classifier model for monitoring the brake condition.

Brake pedal feedback is important for drivers to judge the braking time. Electric vehicles replace hydraulic brake pedal with electronic brake pedal simulator. Such a simulator transmits brake signal with cables. Therefore, a new electronic brake pedal simulator is designed in this paper, which can allow the implementation of an arbitrary nonlinear pedal force characteristic with electromagnet and different combinations of spring. The brake pedal feedback generated by the pedal simulator was emulated with matlab/Simulink. Furthermore, the springs were optimized to determine the combination to make the feedback meet requirements suitable for drivers. The simulated results prove the excellent brake pedal characteristic with the optimal groups of springs.

The computational and experimental work was carried out using the SolidWorks system. The main structural parameters of a hydrodynamic cavitation unit, designed to prepare irrigation water in the process of watering plants and pre-soaking seed before seeding, are determined. The unit has been manufactured and tested. It was established experimentally that the opening angle of the impeller wedge should be 40 and 800, and a sufficient rotor speed – 10.000 rpm. A more effective form of a hydraulic brake for this cavitation unit was determined, which made it possible to obtain irrigation water with a pH of from 7.2 to 8.5 on average, and an oxygen content of 4.6 to 6.5 mg / l. It is shown that cavitation allows the use of water for irrigation, even from polluted natural sources, since the process of purification of polluted wastewater proceeds in parallel.

It can be said that the core of car safety is the car brake and its control system. Along with the development of the car, the car brake and its control system has undergone many changes, from rubber friction braking solely relying on manpower to the later pneumatic brake system, hydraulic brake system and so on. Among them, the hydraulic brake system is the most widely used. With the continuous advancement of technology, electric drive machines are widely used in vehicles. Research on electric power assisted hydraulic brake systems has become a hot research topic in recent years, as autonomous driving and driverless. Essential and key components are the inevitable trend and the best solution for the next generation of automotive braking systems. This study describes a control unit for a motor-driven brake actuator that analyzes its role, structure, and advantages in an electric-assisted hydraulic brake system.

Hydraulic modulator regulates the pressure of four wheels independently to realize the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and the Electronic Stability Control (ESC) function. The pressure regulator, also called hydraulic control unit, works by controlling several valves to realize the on-off operation of the liquid paths. This paper focuses on working mechanism and hydraulic response characteristics of inlet valve of hydraulic control unit through simulation analysis.

In order to recycle part of the brake energy in the driving hub motor of the 8X8 electric vehicles. And the energy utilization rate of electric drive vehicles should be increased, the wear of mechanical brake system should be reduced. A fuzzy control method is established for mechanical and electrical joint brake. It can be used to establish a principle of the distribution of brake. Through the simulation on MATLAB platform, it shows that this control method is efficient in improvement of brake ability, distribution of brake distribution, and the energy recycling.

Combined with the correlative parameters of a certain commercial vehicle, the change of brake forces match and the effect on vehicle’s brake stability was analyzed when using hydraulic retarder. In order to avoid the trend of rear axle sideslip, there is a limited brake torque for a commercial vehicle with fixed parameters. Then the state of the commercial vehicle was simulated using MATLAB, obtaining the allowable maximum hydraulic retarder gears at different initial brake speeds. The results indicate that when vehicle’s actual brake forces distribution value is changeless, this method can decrease the trend of rear axle sideslip for two-axle commercial vehicles equipped with hydraulic retarders.

Because of its significant impact on the cooperative regenerative braking performance of electrified vehicles, the modulation effect of a hydraulic brake is of great importance. To improve the hydraulic brake control performance further, a novel pressure-difference-limiting control method for hydraulic pressure modulation based on on–off solenoid valves is proposed. The linear relationship between the coil current and the pressure difference across the valve is obtained. The characteristics of pressure-difference-limiting modulation are simulated and analysed. Then, a cooperative regenerative braking control algorithm based on the pressure-difference-limiting modulation of the hydraulic brake is designed. Hardware-in-the-loop tests of the algorithm under typical braking procedures are carried out. The test results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the developed regenerative braking control algorithm and indicate that the proposed pressure-difference-limiting modulation method, which has an advantage over the conventional control based on a pulse-width-modulated signal with respect to the control accuracy of the hydraulic brake pressure, has great potential to improve the braking performance of a vehicle.

In rail vehicles using composition brake shoes, the friction coefficient between the wheel and the brake shoe tends to decrease under wet conditions. In order to maintain the braking force, it is common practice to insert a metallic block to remove the water. However, the metallic block causes a localized temperature rise on the wheel tread surface under dry conditions, which is one of the factors in wheel tread damage and concave wheel tread wear. A composition brake shoe was developed to suppress the temperature rise of the wheel tread and, at the same time, maintain the brake force under wet conditions. This paper summarizes the evaluation of the composition brake shoe performance in dynamo tests, running tests and long-term durability running tests, including verification that the developed brake shoe has controlled concave wear.

The main functions of an aviation brake system are to slow the speed of the vehicle, to perform stable deceleration, and to hold the vehicle stationary after it stopped. They must perform safely under a variety of operating conditions such as slippery, wet and dry runways, full or light load of the vehicle, new or worn brake linings, novice or experienced pilot, etc. The experimental tests show that about 95% of friction energy is converted into thermal energy by plastic deformation of brake linings surface layers and other deformations. The friction materials temperature growth is caused by this energy transformation. The influence of braking temperature is very important to the tribology characteristics, durability and reliability of friction brakes. Landing Gear Department Laboratory performed many experimental tests on full-scale brakes and also on friction material samples. It was performed on the special laboratory test rigs. During the Anti Lock Braking system test, the Landing Gear Department Laboratory workers performed the brake linings temperature measurements. Author observed a positive influence of ABS system use on temperature curve. The aim of this article is to compare the test results of braking with ABS system applied to braking without ABS.

Motor of electric vehicle is able to be used to brake regeneratively, so braking energy can be recycled. Braking stability of electric vehicles with electro-hydraulic hybrid braking system can be influenced by braking force distribution between hydraulic braking force and regenerative braking force. In order to research on braking stability and braking energy recovery, simulation platform of electro-hydraulic hybrid brake system based on Carsim and Matlab/Simulink is built, and a control strategy of electro-hydraulic hybrid brake were proposed. The vehicle simulation models with electro-hydraulic hybrid brake system and with conventional hydraulic braking system were applied the brake on different adhesion coefficient separately. The simulation results show when electric vehicle is in the conditions of low braking intensity, all vehicle braking force is provided by regenerative braking force, and braking energy can be not only recycled, but brake performance requirement can also be satisfied; when electric vehicle is in the conditions of moderate braking intensity, regenerative braking and hydraulic braking are coordinated with each other, electro-hydraulic hybrid brake can not only satisfy the same and better brake performance, but also braking energy can be recycled and demand of hydraulic pressure can be reduced.

Today's world is very fast moving and in this world we all are well understand that the how important brake is? Effectiveness of braking system are essentials part to avoid accidents and save life. Also majority of accidents in vehicles are happen due to chassis failure and braking failure. Here I take the subject to understand the causes of failure of hydraulic brake systems in SUV. The brakes are the most important active safety of a car and one of its key pieces. However, many drivers do not seem to understand it well. According to a statistics, about 40% of the defects detected by the ITV correspond to the brakes. It is not enough to bring the car to the shop when something goes wrong. Leakage is major problem in TMC. In any case if tmc leak it may leads to accident. So leakage and performance of tmc is most important. Various parts of tmc such as piston, spring does not leak. The body of tmc may leak as well seals used in assembly of piston. In this project the different reasons of leakages are finding and simulation with CFD are carried out.

The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. Brakes convert friction to heat, but if the brakes get too hot, they will cease to work because they cannot dissipate enough heat. Disc brakes are exposed to large thermal stresses during routine braking. The main cause of this paper is to minimize the thermal stresses with best suited material, best suited design & give optimized result. This paper studies about the model of a disc brake used in TATA SUMO N/M, 207 DI, 207EX - Wheeler; data has been given by R.M.ENGG, RAJKOT;GUJRAT. Analysis is also done by changing the design of disc brake. Actual disc brake has no holes; design is changed by giving holes in the disc brake for more heat dissipation. In this paper, the author has investigated on ventilated and solid disc brake rotor of normal passenger vehicle. The work considers heat and temperature distribution on disc brake rotor. Modeling is done in Pro/E (3D-Modelling-software) and Analysis is done in ANSYS (finite element analysis-software). Thermal and Structural analysis is done on the disc brake. The materials used are Stainless Steel & Gray cast Iron. Both results have been compared for better justification. Thus, both results provide better understanding on the thermal characteristic of disc brake rotor and assist the

Air pressure brake and hydraulic brake is widely used in automotive as two kinds of brake system, and the air brake system is widely used in medium and large vehicles. But because of air pressure brake system with air as medium, this will appear in use easily leak etc and make the attenuation, unreliable phenomenon such as lost, which can cause the occurrence of traffic accidents. Study the kind of situations, an electromagnetic control pneumatic brake valve can be designed. Current is as a medium of braking signals through the strength of the current air output proportional control to control the brake, this technology can solve the problems which the wheel brake is out of sync, brake uncoordinated and small braking force.

The basic problem of automotive brakes operation is the decreasing of their performance at elevated temperatures in the contact of friction pair (brake disc and brake pad). Increasing of the brake interface temperature often causes decreasing of braking torque during a braking cycle. In order to provide the stable level of braking torque during a braking cycle, the neural network based optimization model of the disc brake performance has been developed. The dynamic neural networks have been employed for modelling of complex synergy of tribological phenomena that affects the final disc brake performance at elevated temperatures. The dynamic optimization neural network model of disc brake performance at elevated temperatures has been developed using recurrent neural networks. It predicts the braking torque versus the dynamic change of the brake actuation pressure, sliding speed and the brake interface temperature in a braking cycle. Genetic algorithms were integrated with the neural network model for optimization of the brake actuation pressure in order to obtain the desired level of braking torque. This hybrid, neuro-genetic model was successfully used in optimization of the brake hydraulic pressure level needed to achieve the maximum and stable brake performance during a braking cycle.

Studies have been carried out on a rail brake developed by applying a linear induction motor technology, called LIM-type rail brake. This brake is capable of generating braking forces without contact. In addition, this method decreases the rise in rail temperature, and on-board supply of electric power is not required by using dynamic braking. It is however necessary to install this brake in the limited space between front and rear wheels of the bogie. A prototype rail brake system was designed and built and its electromagnetic characteristics were examined on a test track in RTRI. These investigations revealed that the LIM-type rail brake could be applicable for practical use.

The frictional heat generated during braking application can cause several negative effects on the brake system such as brake fade, premature wear, thermal cracks and disk thickness variation. It is then important to determine with precision, the temperature field and thermal stresses of the brake disc. In this study, thermal stress analyses on a ventilated locomotive wheel-mounted brake disc R920K with a three-dimensional model for two cases (the first case considers braking to a standstill; the second case considers braking on a hill and maintaining a constant speed) were investigated. The rate of braking heat generation is calculated using the assumption of uniform pressure distribution at the contact area. Then, thermal stress analyses for each case were performed. Finally, we have found that the maximum thermal stresses occur in the case with an emergency braking in the beginning of the braking process.

The basic theory involved in the coupled thermal mechanical analysis is presented briefly. Base on the contact theory, friction heat generation theory and heat transfer theory, the heat distribution ratio between the disc and brake pad is determined, a 3D transient heat conduction differential equation and corresponding boundary conditions are established. Finally, according to the analysis requirement, the business analysis software ABAQUS is chosen as sequentially coupled thermal mechanical analysis solver. In order to know the temperature of discs friction surface during the cycle braking and continuous braking processes, a sequentially coupled thermal mechanical analysis model of the disc is established according to the energy dissipation theory. The temperature field and stress field of the disc during emergency braking, repeat braking and continuous braking processes are carried out based on this model.

The bogie of monorail vehicles applies rubber wheel system not steel wheel system. In addition, The structure of the bogie is very complicated because vehicle operates on the elevated road and vehicle drives with wrapping the guide way. When the monorail vehicle applies air brake system, lower device of vehicle may be complex and some devices may be limited. On the other hand, hydraulic brake equipment is compact and not weighing. Braking force is also outstanding compared with air brake so the hydraulic brake equipment is suitable for monorail vehicle. Also urban transit system such as monorail, applies mixed system both friction brake and electric brake in order to save electric energy. But application case of hydraulic brake in the country is very rare because hydraulic brake have difficulty in satisfaction of control requirement and maintenance. Therefore, this study suggests ways to design hydraulic brake system with blending brake for monorail vehicle and applies the ways to future monorail.

This paper introduces the structure, principle and control mode of the electronic hydraulic brake system, and using simulation software AMESim to carry on the modeling and simulation study. Through the simulation of the WBS brake system, and comparison between the theory and the test, the WBS model is introduced and analyzed, which has great theoretical and practical significance to the future braking system.

Brake judder is defined as disc or drum deformation-induced vibration which typically occurs at frequency less than 200 Hz. There are two types of brake judder namely, low speed (cold) judder and high speed (hot) judder. These two types of judder are often causing the brake pedal, steering wheel, suspension or chassis to vibrate. Consequently, it will affect comfort level of the driver and passengers. This paper focuses on the experimental investigation of low speed brake judder. In doing so, a laboratory test rig consists of disc brake unit, steering and suspension systems was used to assess level of brake judder vibration at different wheel turning angles. It was found that brake judder generated slightly high vibration at the steering wheel in the axial direction which led to a little uncomfortable feeling to the driver.

This paper proposes a novel hybrid antilock braking system (ABS) with the combination of auxiliary brake and a magnetorheological (MR) brake with multiple poles. The operation concept of this MR brake is different to conventional MR brake. Its output torque proves the ability to be used in motorcycle brake system. In concept, a fast-response MR brake replaces existed hydraulic brake system, or works as an auxiliary brake, the brake performance can be effectively improved and driving stability can be guaranteed. Simulation model of the MR brake has been built and its braking performance for using on a motorcycle was verified. After that, a motorcycle simulation software was employed to validate the hybrid ABS system under appropriated working condition. The results confirm its feasibility for actual application as a hybrid ABS system.

Hydraulic brakes are the most important components in automobile. It requires advanced supervision and fault diagnosis to improve the safety of passenger, reliability and economy. Condition monitoring is one of the major division through which the reliability of such components could be monitored. The condition of the brake components can be monitored by using the vibration characteristics which will reveal the condition of the brake systems. In this paper machine learning algorithm using vibration monitoring is proposed as a possible solution to this problem. From the hydraulic brake test set up, the vibration signals were acquired by using a piezoelectric transducer and data acquisition system. C4.5 decision tree algorithm was used to extract statistical features from vibration signals. Feature selection was also carried out. Since no much of methodologies are available to find the effective number of features for a given problem, a detailed study is needed to find the best possible number of features. Hence the effect of number of features was studied by using decision tree. The selected features were classified using C4.5 decision tree algorithm and Best first decision tree algorithm with pre pruning and post pruning techniques. The results are discussed and conclusions of the study are presented.

Calculation of car brake system design, also according to the known automotive related parameters is obtained by calculating the main parameters. The brake and braking torque, braking moment and braking force distribution coefficient and hydraulic brake drive mechanism related parameters. Finally, the braking performances are analyzed in detail.

Based on the embedded flexible clutch mechanism as the breakthrough point, using ADAMS dynamic analysis software and ANSYS simulation analysis software, established the analysis model, the peak impact force between the different conditions of brake wheel and brake claw was obtained, the brake wheel and the brake pawl two allowable angular speed difference. At the same time to brake wheel and brake claw structure impact resistance ability as optimization objective, the different structural forms of brake wheel and brake claw structure peak impact in different conditions and the brake wheel and brake claw two permissible angular speed difference is analyzed and calculated.

An assessment of friction conditions during braking on durability of structural elements of the drum brake is the goal of the work. The analysed brake in a symmetric system is used in Mi-2 helicopter. In the so far applied solutions a friction lining and brake shoe were fastened up by riveting. The new asbestos-free friction linings crack when using riveting technology. One way to avoid cracking is gluing instead of riveting. This paper presents a numerical analysis of the drum brake with the friction lining fastened by gluing. The numerical model includes a three-dimensional structure composed of seven structural elements and comparison of four material groups. A distribution of contact pressure between the frictional elements, and a stress state in the structural elements of the drum brake were determined for the assumed boundary and initial conditions. It was stated that the calculated distribution of the contact pressures is nonuniform and depends on the sense of rotation of the drum brake. This paper also presents the results of comparative tests of bonding strength for three different glues. The tests were carried out on a specially designed for this purpose test stand.

This paper puts forward 3 new coordination control states based on the analysis of the control logic of pure hydraulic ABS during braking .In order to reduce the regenerative brake force, we make the logic conversion according to the present coordination control method and the hydraulic brake force can compensate the regenerative brake force. The simulation results show that the 3 states proposed in this paper combine the present coordination control method and optimize the coordination control of the regenerative brake force and the hydraulic brake force under the anti-lock braking condition.

To solve the brake thermal recession of traditional brake, an integrated brake of double-disc frictional and electromagnetic was proposed. For a certain car, the integrated brake of double-disc frictional with electromagnetic was designed. Through simulation and bench test, torque characteristic of the integrated brake was studied. Results showed that the theoretical designing curve agreed well with the experimental curve. The electromagnetic brake device of the integrated brake can provide a braking torque for 180-202N.m, thus it can effectively improve the brake thermal recession.

This paper introduces the braking system scheme of low floor light rail vehicle, applying the regenerative braking and magnetic track brake, realizes service braking, emergency braking, parking brake and holding brake, also adjusts the braking force according to the load change.

The paper discussed the working principle of the hydraulic brake system, and built a model in the simulation by using AMESim to analyze performance of this system. The paper also established a test bench of hydraulic brake system, and the test result coincided with the consequence of simulation, thus to prove the simulation model and method reasonable. This simulation can shorten design cycle of hydraulic brake system apparently, and it contributes a good method to assistant brake system design.

Traction control suppresses the spinning of the driven wheel during drive away or acceleration on slippery road condition. In this study, the estimation method of brake pressure hardly measured is proposed. The estimation method of brake pressure and the brake pressure control with pulse width modulation(PWM) are verified a good performance through experiment. Also, the vehicle simulation on slippery road conditions is validated the applicability of brake pressure control for traction control. The simulation results have showed that the brake pressure can be used the control variable for traction control.

In this paper the systematic development of an integrated braking controller for a vehicle driven by an electric motor on the front axle is presented. The objective is to engage the electric motor only during braking, up to the point at which the vehicle reaches its manoeuvrability and stability limit. The control challenges are to distribute the braking effort correctly between the hydraulic brakes at the four tyres and the electric motor, to handle the tyre saturation and motor constraints effectively and to adapt the control allocation based on the vehicle’s states. The controller is designed using the state-dependent Riccati equation control technique, the vehicle state estimation and the ‘magic formula’ tyre model. The state-dependent Riccati equation control technique is a suboptimal control design technique for non-linear systems. A novel method for constructing the state-dependent coefficient formulation of the system dynamics is proposed. Soft constraints in the state dynamics are described, while an augmented penalty approach is suggested for handling the system’s hard constraints. The performance of the controller was evaluated for different braking scenarios using simulations in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. An eight-degree-of-freedom non-linear vehicle model was utilized. The numerical results show that the controller suboptimizes the regenerative braking effort while considering the tyre force saturation, the motor torque limits, the vehicle yaw rate and the slip angle error. A comparison with a constrained linear quadratic regulator shows the advantages of the proposed controller.

Designing wedge falling-proof brake assembly of the lifter to protect the converter oxygen lance and other equipments. This paper briefly introduces the design principle. Pro/Engineer-based parametric solid modeling for virtual assembly of the falling-proof brake assembly, and then motion simulation, the working process of the wedge falling-proof brake assembly demonstrated through the animation demonstration, so the simulation is accurate and clear; at the same time falling distance is derived from the rope broken to the lifter locked through mechanical analysis, and putting forward the measures to reduce falling distance of brake at last.

Aerodynamic brake is a new type of non-adhesion brake mode used to high-speed train brake by unfolding the brake panel on the roof of the high speed train to increase aerodynamic resistance. This brake mode is effective especially in the condition of high speed. The article is aimed at designing a set of opening and closing mechanism to control the movement of the brake panel. The opening and closing mechanism mainly include three components of guide mechanism, the center of rotation and drive mechanism. The guide mechanism as auxiliary orientation is a functional unit of the bearing parts used to improve the movement and load conditions of the brake panel. The center of rotation is the key component to support the brake panel and transmit the braking force. The drive mechanism, the power source of the opening and closing mechanism, is designed to drive the brake panel up and down in the reciprocating motion. This paper focuses on the design of the three components, using the method of combining structural design and reliability design and aiming at the final optimal design.

This article studied one kind of automobile brake which guards against holds the dead simulation experiment to install the brake flowing tubing head pressure examination system, the control design plan, and has conducted the thorough research to the ABS brake flowing tubing head pressure change process as well as the vehicle speed change relations.This system uses the flowing tubing head pressure sensor, transforms after A/D, computer processing, through the monitor by the curve form demonstration braking system flowing tubing head pressure change, and simultaneously, through carries on the logic analysis to the input flowing tubing head pressure signal, the computer sends out the corresponding instruction, broadcasts separately turbo-charged, guarantees presses with the reduced pressure animation.Thus realized the brake flowing tubing head pressure real-time examination, curve demonstration, animation time delay broadcast process.

International audience; This work proposes to study the effects of physical parameters and loading conditions on both dynamic and acoustic responses of a brake system subjected to squeal. A simplified brake system model composed of a disc and a pad is investigated. The friction interface is modeled by introducing linear and non-linear stiffnesses at several local nodes to model contact. The classical Coulomb law is applied to model friction and the friction coefficient is assumed to be constant. A stability analysis of this system is performed with respect to the friction coefficient and the hydraulic brake pressure. The system presents up to four instabilities and the focus is on a single instability case with a fundamental frequency of 930 Hz. For this case, self-excited vibrations are investigated for two loading conditions: static and ramp loadings. Time responses for these cases are significantly different: the amplitude of the case with ramp loading is 130 times higher than the amplitude of the static load case. Spectrum analysis are performed by the Continuous Wavelet Transform and the response associated with the static load is composed of the fundamental frequency and its harmonic components. Time response with the progressive load is composed of two fundamental frequencies, their harmonic components and linear combinations which are not expected according to the stability analysis. Noise emissions for these two loading conditions present significantly different features in terms of level and directivity. It is noted that levels in the near field are about 127 dB for the static load and 193 dB for the progressive load. Moreover, the directivity patterns in the near and far fields are composed of lobes for the static load and circular wave front lines for the ramp loading.

In this paper we present some aspects regarding the measurement of the effects of extended of braking, or the overheating of the braking system of a vehicle driving downhill with continuous or intermittent operation of the braking system. One of the is the extended effects of high temperature of braking brake blocks. To determine their temperature were used thermocouple temperature sensors. To determine temperature friction lining unshielded thermocouple junction was used to reduce the thermal inertia of 1 ÷ 2 [, thus ensuring the greater accuracy of measurement data. To determine the metal part of the brake shoe to temperature using a thermocouple sensor with metal sheathed.

The functionality of an electric vehicle enables to regenerate energy into the battery by using the electric motors for electric braking. By integrating this electric brake into the accelerator pedal, drivers are expected to use more often the electric brake and less often the hydraulic brake. However, the pedal system of a car is a crucial connection between driver and car. Any modification of this part can lead to decreasing acceptance. Two driving simulator studies were conducted to investigate the effect of three different settings of electric braking and the impact of a combined pedal solution (CPS) on acceptance and energy consumption. Participants performed test drives in rural and urban environments, with both the CPS and a conventional pedal solution and different levels of recuperation. The results show that drivers preferred stronger electric braking and the CPS (instead of a conventional pedal solution). With the CPS, drivers used less often the hydraulic brake and drove more efficiently.