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Food security is an ordinary serious social problem at present, and it attracts different attention at different periods. This paper focused itself on the connotation and the fundamental causes of food security in food manufacture. Besides, it also established the food security guarantee system based on scientific outlook on development. Study on food security is related to economic development, political stability and improvement of people's well-being. At present, there are quite a number of potential problems within threatening the food security, including a lack of morality in food manufacturers, ineffective food supervision, and a lack of security awareness of consumers. The solution of these problems in food security lies in enhancing the sense of social responsibility for manufacturers, enhancing the government supervision, improving consumers' awareness of security and building a scientific safeguarding system and mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Statins are used to lower cardiovascular disease risk in part because of their effects on plasma lipid profiles. Dietary whole grains have been reported to improve plasma lipid profiles. Little is known about potential interactions between statins and whole grains. Objective: We aimed to assess the interaction between statin use and whole-grain intake in relation to serum lipid concentrations in adults. Design: In this cross-sectional study, we used data from 4284 adults aged ≥45 y with reliable and complete dietary data who were participating in the NHANES 2003-2006. Usual whole-grain intake was estimated from two 24-h diet recalls by using the MyPyramid Equivalents Database. Participants self-reported statin use. Total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were measured in all adult participants. The non-HDL-cholesterol concentration and total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio were calculated. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used for analyses. Results: Statin usage was 24.9% in all participants (n = 1065), and 31.0% of participants (n = 1327) consumed ≥16 g whole grains/d. After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors, the non-HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in statin users than in nonusers. This difference was greater in participants who consumed ≥16 g whole grains/d (difference: 31 mg/dL; P < 0.001) than in those who consumed <16 g whole grains/d (difference = 20 mg/d; P < 0.001) (P-interaction = 0.03). Significant interactions were also observed between whole-grain intake and statin use in relation to the total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P-interaction = 0.04) and elevated total cholesterol concentration (P-interaction = 0.02). Conclusion: In adults aged ≥45 y, the use of statins was associated with healthier lipoprotein profiles when combined with higher whole-grain intake relative to low whole-grain intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has examined the role of dairy products in weight loss and maintenance of healthy weight. Yogurt is a dairy product that is generally very similar to milk, but it also has some unique properties that may enhance its possible role in weight maintenance. This review summarizes the human RCT and prospective observational evidence on the relation of yogurt consumption to the management and maintenance of body weight and composition. The RCT evidence is limited to 2 small, short-term, energy-restricted trials. They both showed greater weight losses with yogurt interventions, but the difference between the yogurt intervention and the control diet was only significant in one of these trials. There are 5 prospective observational studies that have examined the association between yogurt and weight gain. The results of these studies are equivocal. Two of these studies reported that individuals with higher yogurt consumption gained less weight over time. One of these same studies also considered changes in waist circumference (WC) and showed that higher yogurt consumption was associated with smaller increases in WC. A third study was inconclusive because of low statistical power. A fourth study observed no association between changes in yogurt intake and weight gain, but the results suggested that those with the largest increases in yogurt intake during the study also had the highest increase in WC. The final study examined weight and WC change separately by sex and baselineweight status and showed benefits for both weight and WC changes for higher yogurt consumption in overweight men, but it also found that higher yogurt consumption in normal-weight women was associated with a greater increase in weight over follow-up. Potential underlying mechanisms for the action of yogurt on weight are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the appearance of the concept of virtual enterprise, it is necessary to develop a system that can support the collaborative work of multi-disciplinary groups distributed in different places. This paper puts forward a feature-based collaborative design system; briefly presents a model of collaborative design and the definition, classification and relationship of the features in this system; discusses key techniques related to realizing feature-based collaborative design in detail; and finally gives the architecture of the feature-based collaborative design system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: As most HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) have concurrent cirrhosis, it is important to clarify the association of viral factors with ACLF with or without cirrhosis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the association of HBV genotypes and mutations with ACLF development underlying different chronic liver diseases. Patients and Methods: Eighty-seven ACLF patients including 29 patients with chronic hepatitis (ACLF-CHB) and 58 patients with liver cirrhosis (ACLF-LC) were enrolled. Age and sex matched patients with chronic hepatitis (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC) were enrolled as controls. The genotypes and mutations at HBV basic core promoter (BCP), precore (PC), and partial C regions were determined by nested PCR and direct sequencing. Results: Our results revealed significantly higher incidences (P < 0.05) of genotype B with C1913A/G or A1846T in patients with ACLF-CHB than those with CHB; genotype C with C1913A/G or A1846T in patients with ACLF-CHB and ACLF-LC than those with CHB and LC, respectively. Multivariable analysis indicated that A1846T and C1913A/G mutations were independent factors for ACLF (OR = 2.86 and 5.93, respectively), suggesting an association between the mutations and development of ACLF. In addition, there were no significant differences in mutations at T1753V, A1762T, G1764A, G1896A, and G1899A which were found between either CHB and ACLF-CHB or LC and ACLF-LC patients? suggesting no associations of these mutations with ACLF development. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CHB or LC patients infected with HBV A1846T and C1913A/G mutants are more susceptible to develop ACLF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss the scope of practice for Chinese anesthesia nurses. They mention that in mainland China, nurse anesthesia practice is not officially recognized in scope or practice. They state that the Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) model in America is viewed as a desirable model because of the scope of practice, training and qualifications; a new model for nurse anesthesia practice is under develoment in China which will hopefully raise the quality of anesthesia nursing.

Signaling by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 18 and FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) have been shown to regulate proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production of articular and growth plate chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Notably, the congenital absence of either FGF18 or FGFR3 resulted in similar expansion of the growth plates of fetal mice and the addition of FGF18 to human articular chondrocytes in culture enhanced proliferation and matrix production. Based on these and other experiments it has been proposed that FGF18 signals through FGFR3 to promote cartilage production by chondrocytes. Its role in chondrogenesis remains to be defined. In the current work we used the limb buds of FGFR3+/+ and FGFR3-/- embryonic mice as a source of mesenchymal cells to determine how FGF18 signaling affects chondrogenesis. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy demonstrated impaired cartilage nodule formation in the FGFR3-/- cultures. Potential contributing factors to the phenotype were identified as impaired mitogenic response to FGF18, decreased production of type II collagen and proteoglycan in response to FGF18 stimulation, impaired interactions with the extracellular matrix resulting from altered integrin receptor expression, and altered expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2. The data identified FGF18 as a selective ligand for FGFR3 in limb bud mesenchymal cells, which suppressed proliferation and promoted their differentiation and production of cartilage matrix. This work, thus, identifies FGF18 and FGFR3 as potential molecular targets for intervention in tissue engineering aimed at cartilage repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]