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Humic acids (HAs) widely exist in water environment, and has an important impact on the adsorption of pollutants. Herein, HAs (both dissolved and coated) was employed to assess the effect on the removal of the organic contaminant tetracycline (TC) by K2CO3 modified magnetic biochar (KMBC). Results showed that low concentration of dissolved HAs promoted TC removal, likely due to a bridging effect, while higher concentration of dissolved HAs inhibited TC adsorption because of the competition of adsorption sites on KMBC. By characterization analysis, coated HAs changed the surface and pore characteristics of KMBC, which suppressed the TC removal. In a sequential adsorption experiment involving dissolved HAs and TC, the addition of HAs at the end of the experiment led to the formation of HAs-TC ligands with free TC, which improved the adsorption capacity of TC. TC adsorption by KMBC in the presence of dissolved HAs and coated HAs showed a downward trend with increasing pH from 5.0 to 10.0. The TC adsorption process was favorable and endothermic, and could be better simulated by pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm model. Hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions were hypothesized to be the underlying influencing mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A base‐promoted three‐component oxidative sulfuration/cyclization reaction of 2‐amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, aldehyde and elemental sulfur was developed. The naphtho[2,3‐d]thiazole ring was determined by forming two C−S bonds and one C=N bond, which demonstrates the advantages of cheap raw materials, no transition metal, and economic efficiency. The substrate scope was broad with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. The mechanistic study might promote the reaction design for a oxidative sulfuration/cyclization reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We review artificial intelligence applications of brain image preprocessing. • We investigate several commonly seen brain diseases and survey their intelligence-based methods. • We discuss AI's future in brain disease studies. Brain diseases threaten hundreds of thousands of people over the world. Medical imaging techniques such as MRI and CT are employed for various brain disease studies. As artificial intelligence succeeded in image analysis, scientists employed artificial intelligence, especially deep learning technologies, to assist brain disease studies. The AI applications for brain disease studies can be divided into two categories. The first category is preprocessing, including denoising, registration, skull-stripping, intensity normalization, and data augmentation. The second category is the clinical application that contains lesion segmentation, disease detection, grade classification, and outcome prediction. In this survey, we reviewed over one hundred representative papers on how to apply AI to brain disease studies. We first introduced AI-based preprocessing for brain disease studies. Second, we reviewed the influential works of AI-based brain disease studies. At last, we also discussed three development trends in the future. We hope this survey will inspire both expert-level researchers and entry-level beginners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the bending performance of post-fire lightweight polyethylene metal sandwich panels with different aspect ratios and span conditions using actual fires and post-fire three-point bending tests. The damage patterns and buckling behavior of sandwich panels after an actual fire are discussed. The effects of lamination with dimensional ratios (vertically and horizontally laminated) and span (single and double-span) on parameters, such as fire spread behavior, buckling behavior, load–deflection, bending modulus degradation efficiency, and residual bending stiffness were investigated. The results showed that the double-span fixation mode formed a double-peaked flame, becoming more evident as the aspect ratio decreased. The double-span helped suppress the upward propagation of the flame and reduced the degradation of the bending modulus. The bending stiffness was 10–20% higher than that of the single-span sandwich panels. In addition, the maximum service limit deflection of post-fire sandwich panels with different spans was also derived based on the normal limit of use standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium head blight (Fhb), powdery mildew, and stripe rust are major wheat diseases globally. Aegilops geniculata Roth (UgUgMgMg, 2n = 4x = 28), a wild relative of common wheat, is valuable germplasm of disease resistance for wheat improvement and breeding. Here, we report the development and characterization of two substitution accessions with high resistance to powdery mildew, stripe rust and Fhb (W623 and W637) derived from hybrid progenies between Ae. geniculata and hexaploid wheat Chinese Spring (CS). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Genomic in situ hybridizations (GISH), and sequential FISH-GISH studies indicated that the two substitution lines possess 40 wheat chromosomes and 2 Ae. geniculata chromosomes. Furthermore, compared that the wheat addition line parent W166, the 2 alien chromosomes from W623 and W637 belong to the 7Mg chromosomes of Ae. geniculata via sequential FISH-GISH and molecular marker analysis. Nullisomic-tetrasomic analysis for homoeologous group-7 of wheat and FISH revealed that the common wheat chromosomes 7A and 7B were replaced in W623 and W637, respectively. Consequently, lines W623, in which wheat chromosomes 7A were replaced by a pair of Ae. geniculata 7Mg chromosomes, and W637, which chromosomes 7B were substituted by chromosomes 7Mg, with resistance to Fhb, powdery mildew, and stripe rust. This study has determined that the chromosome 7Mg from Ae. geniculata exists genes resistant to Fhb and powdery mildew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and morphology of the substrate surface play critical roles in tuning the properties of the supported two‐dimension materials (2DM). In this work, a simple strategy to engineer the SrTiO3 single crystal into a trenched structure which is composed of atomically flat terraces and high steps of several nanometers is developed. Through the conventional chemical vapor deposition method, high quality single‐layered MoS2 nanosheets are successfully fabricated directly on the trenched SrTiO3 (Tr‐STO) substrate, which thus result in a heterostructure with well‐defined interface and controllable corrugated morphology. The corrugated MoS2/Tr‐STO sample displays a drastically suppressed photoluminescence as compared to those grown on atomically flat substrates. Detailed scanning probe microscopy in combination with optical spectroscopy measurements demonstrates that the photoluminescence quenching occurs exclusively in the MoS2 area carpeting the high SrTiO3 steps, which can be attributed to the significantly reduced bandgaps hence massively enriched free charges in these regions. This work not only provides a new strategy to tailor the 2DM properties by simply engineering the substrate surface corrugations, but also brings deep insights into the dependence of properties of the hybridized system on the interface morphologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]