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Agrifood by-products contain nutrients and bioactive compounds that can be used in the diets of livestock – thereby value-adding to an otherwise waste product of environmental and economic significance. This study investigated the effect of dietary pomegranate pulp in the total mixed ration of Ghezel lambs, evaluating its effect on growth performance, blood parameters, carcass traits, as well as meat quality and shelf life. 3-month-old Ghezel lambs (individually housed, n = 8) were randomly assigned to be either non-supplemented (control) or supplemented with 100 g/kg DM of sun-dried pomegranate pulp for 28 days, post-adjustment. Results showed that supplementation of lamb diets with pomegranate pulp significantly increased liveweight and average daily gains, while not significantly affecting dry matter intake. Lamb serum urea and alkaline phosphatase concentrations and hot carcass weight were increased with pomegranate pulp supplementation. Compared to control lambs, the meat from lambs fed the supplemented diet had higher concentrations of intramuscular fat, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid, total unsaturated fatty acid, and meat phenolic compounds. Pomegranate pulp supplemented lambs also had a higher ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids; and produced liver tissue with less fat and ash contents. Meat oxidative status (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and quality (water holding capacity, colour, and pH) were improved when lambs were supplemented with pomegranate pulp. These findings demonstrate that using pomegranate pulp as a feed for Ghezel lambs has advantageous effects on animal performance and meat quality, offering valorisation of an agrifood by-product.

This study compared the effect of four levels of K Humate S100R (potassium humate) supplementation on the quality, shelf-life, and nutritional properties of beef. Angus steers (n = 40) were individually housed and fed either 0, 35, 70, or 140 g K Humate S100R/animal/day for 100 days, following a 30 day adjustment period. The steers were slaughtered at the completion of the feeding study. The left m. longissimus lumborum (LL) was collected at 24 h post-mortem and aged for either 2 or 6 weeks before analysis. K Humate S100R supplementation did not affect beef drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, sarcomere length, ultimate pH, intramuscular fat content, or total volatile basic nitrogen concentrations (P > 0.05). Steers supplemented with 70 g/day K Humate S100R produced beef with higher a* values on Days 1 and 3 of retail display (P < 0.05). Beef mineral composition was unchanged by K Humate S100R supplementation (P > 0.05), but there were minor changes to the fatty acid profile. Specifically, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (P < 0.05) and C20:2n-6 concentrations (P < 0.05) increased with supplementation level. Together, these results demonstrate no detrimental effects on beef quality and shelf-life as a result of K Humate S100R supplementation.

IntroductionThe fetal haemodynamic response to acute episodes of hypoxaemia are well characterised. However, how these responses change when the hypoxaemia becomes more chronic in nature such as that associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR), is less well understood. Herein, we utilised a combination of clinically relevant MRI techniques to comprehensively characterize and differentiate the haemodynamic responses occurring during acute and chronic periods of fetal hypoxaemia.MethodsPrior to conception, carunclectomy surgery was performed on non-pregnant ewes to induce FGR. At 108–110 days (d) gestational age (GA), pregnant ewes bearing control (n = 12) and FGR (n = 9) fetuses underwent fetal catheterisation surgery. At 117–119 days GA, ewes underwent MRI sessions where phase-contrast (PC) and T2 oximetry were used to measure blood flow and oxygenation, respectively, throughout the fetal circulation during a normoxia and then an acute hypoxia state.ResultsFetal oxygen delivery (DO2) was lower in FGR fetuses than controls during the normoxia state but cerebral DO2 remained similar between fetal groups. Acute hypoxia reduced both overall fetal and cerebral DO2. FGR increased ductus venosus (DV) and foramen ovale (FO) blood flow during both the normoxia and acute hypoxia states. Pulmonary blood flow (PBF) was lower in FGR fetuses during the normoxia state but similar to controls during the acute hypoxia state when PBF in controls was decreased.ConclusionDespite a prevailing level of chronic hypoxaemia, the FGR fetus upregulates the preferential streaming of oxygen-rich blood via the DV-FO pathway to maintain cerebral DO2. However, this upregulation is unable to maintain cerebral DO2 during further exposure to an acute episode of hypoxaemia. The haemodynamic alterations required at the level of the liver and lung to allow the DV-FO pathway to maintain cerebral DO2, may have lasting consequences on hepatic function and pulmonary vascular regulation after birth.

Background Data sharing in developmental science is increasingly encouraged, supported by funder and publisher mandates for open data access. Data sharing can accelerate discovery, link researchers with high quality analytic expertise to researchers with large datasets and democratise the research landscape to enable researchers with limited funding to access large sample sizes. However, there are also significant privacy and security concerns, in addition to conceptual and ethical considerations. These are particularly acute for developmental science, where child participants cannot consent themselves. As we move forward into a new era of data openness, it is essential that we adequately represent the views of stakeholder communities in designing data sharing efforts. Methods We conducted a comprehensive survey of the opinions of 195 parents on data sharing in developmental science. Survey themes included how widely parents are willing to share their child’s data, which type of organisations they would share the data with and the type of consent they would be comfortable providing. Results Results showed that parents were generally supportive of curated, but not open, data sharing. In addition to individual privacy and security concerns, more altruistic considerations around the purpose of research were important. Parents overwhelmingly supported nuanced consenting models in which preferences for particular types of data sharing could be changed over time. This model is different to that implemented in the vast majority of developmental science research and is contrary to many funder or publisher mandates. Conclusions The field should look to create shared repositories that implement features such as dynamic consent and mechanisms for curated sharing that allow consideration of the scientific questions addressed. Better communication and outreach are required to build trust in data sharing, and advanced analytic methods will be required to understand the impact of selective sharing on reproducibility and representativeness of research datasets.

Aims The aim of this project is to improve the monitoring of patients on lithium under the South Gloucestershire Later Life Community Mental Health Team and to clarify the process for this monitoring with the aim of improving patient care and safety. We aim to try to achieve 100% compliance with agreed standards based on NICE and Trust guidelines. Methods Following a meeting with team medics we agreed a series of nine standards derived from local and national guidelines. We then used a locally held database of patients on the later life CMHT caseload on lithium therapy to identify our sample and devised a simple audit tool to collate the information. We used Rio electronic health records and ICE blood results to obtain baseline data from June 2022 to December 2022. We used the plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycle model for quality improvement. Following analysis of the baseline data, we planned and implemented key changes of the physical health nursing team taking over investigations from primary care and utilising a bespoke database. We also completed an education session for staff. Following these changes, data was collected and analysed from June until November 2023. From the analysis of these results, a further change was planned for PDSA cycle 2 and further data collection is planned. Results Results from baseline data showed that six out of eight standards had compliance of < 60%, which included the time-sensitive investigations such as lithium levels every 3 months; kidney function tests every 3–6 months; calcium level every 6 months. Weight/BMI monitoring and documentation of side effects also had poor results. Average compliance across all standards was 57%. Following the agreed steps to improve compliance, PDSA cycle 1 results showed improvement across the board, with average compliance increasing to 94%. Time-sensitive investigations now had 100% compliance (lithium level, kidney function, calcium level). Areas for improvement remain, namely in weight/BMI monitoring every 6 months and clear action plans for results falling out of range being clearly documented in patient notes. Conclusion By working closely with the physical health nursing team to devise a bespoke local database of information and taking over the investigations from primary care, we have shown an improvement across all standards, therefore improving the quality of care and patient safety.

Introduction Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), currently marketed for type 2 diabetes and obesity, may offer novel mechanisms to delay or prevent neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The impact of semaglutide in amyloid positivity (ISAP) trial is investigating whether the GLP-1 RA semaglutide reduces accumulation in the brain of cortical tau protein and neuroinflammation in individuals with preclinical/prodromal AD.Methods and analysis ISAP is an investigator-led, randomised, double-blind, superiority trial of oral semaglutide compared with placebo. Up to 88 individuals aged ≥55 years with brain amyloid positivity as assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid, and no or mild cognitive impairment, will be randomised. People with the low-affinity binding variant of the rs6971 allele of the Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) gene, which can interfere with interpreting TSPO PET scans (a measure of neuroinflammation), will be excluded.At baseline, participants undergo tau, TSPO PET and MRI scanning, and provide data on physical activity and cognition. Eligible individuals are randomised in a 1:1 ratio to once-daily oral semaglutide or placebo, starting at 3 mg and up-titrating to 14 mg over 8 weeks. They will attend safety visits and provide blood samples to measure AD biomarkers at weeks 4, 8, 26 and 39. All cognitive assessments are repeated at week 26. The last study visit will be at week 52, when all baseline measurements will be repeated. The primary end point is the 1-year change in tau PET signal.Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the West Midlands—Edgbaston Research Ethics Committee (22/WM/0013). The results of the study will be disseminated through scientific presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration number ISRCTN71283871.

The energy-burning capability of beige adipose tissue is a potential therapeutic tool for reducing obesity and metabolic disease, but this capacity is decreased by aging. Here, we evaluate the impact of aging on the profile and activity of adipocyte stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs) and adipocytes during the beiging process in mice. We found that aging increases the expression of Cd9 and other fibro-inflammatory genes in fibroblastic ASPCs and blocks their differentiation into beige adipocytes. Fibroblastic ASPC populations from young and aged mice were equally competent for beige differentiation in vitro, suggesting that environmental factors suppress adipogenesis in vivo. Examination of adipocytes by single nucleus RNA-sequencing identified compositional and transcriptional differences in adipocyte populations with aging and cold exposure. Notably, cold exposure induced an adipocyte population expressing high levels of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) genes, and this response was severely blunted in aged animals. We further identified Npr3, which encodes the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor, as a marker gene for a subset of white adipocytes and an aging-upregulated gene in adipocytes. In summary, this study indicates that aging blocks beige adipogenesis and dysregulates adipocyte responses to cold exposure and provides a resource for identifying cold and aging-regulated pathways in adipose tissue.

Stem cell research endeavors to generate specific subtypes of classically defined cell types. Here, we generate >90% pure human artery or vein endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells within 3-4 days. We specified artery cells by inhibiting vein-specifying signals and vice versa. These cells modeled viral infection of human vasculature by Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are extraordinarily deadly (∼57%-59% fatality rate) and require biosafety-level-4 containment. Generating pure populations of artery and vein cells highlighted that Nipah and Hendra viruses preferentially infected arteries; arteries expressed higher levels of their viral-entry receptor. Virally infected artery cells fused into syncytia containing up to 23 nuclei, which rapidly died. Despite infecting arteries and occupying ∼6%-17% of their transcriptome, Nipah and Hendra largely eluded innate immune detection, minimally eliciting interferon signaling. We thus efficiently generate artery and vein cells, introduce stem-cell-based toolkits for biosafety-level-4 virology, and explore the arterial tropism and cellular effects of Nipah and Hendra viruses.

We examined media exposure, psychological fear and worry, perceptions of risk, and health protective behaviors surrounding the 2014 Ebola virus outbreak in a probability-based, representative, national sample of Americans (N = 3447). Structural equation models examined relationships between amount (hours/day) and content (e.g., graphic images of dead bodies) of media exposure and counts of self-reported health protective behaviors that participants performed or would perform if Ebola spread to their community. Ebola-related risk perceptions and fear and worry were potential mediators. Greater total hours and more graphic media exposure positively correlated with more fear and worry; greater total hours of media exposure also positively correlated with higher perceived risk. Higher risk perceptions were associated with more health protective behaviors performed and intended. Greater fear and worry were associated with more behaviors performed. Amount and content of media exposure exhibited indirect effects on behaviors performed; amount of media exposure had indirect effects on intentions. Media may help promote health protective behaviors during public health threats; the amount and content should be congruent with threat to minimize distress and maximize resources.

ImportanceDuring the past century, more than 100 catastrophic hurricanes have impacted the Florida coast; climate change will likely be associated with increases in the intensity of future storms. Despite these annual threats to residents, to our knowledge, no longitudinal studies of representative samples at risk of hurricane exposure have examined psychological outcomes associated with repeated exposure.ObjectiveTo assess psychosocial and mental health outcomes and functional impairment associated with repeated hurricane exposure.Design, setting, and participantsIn this survey study, a demographically representative sample of Florida residents was assessed in the 60 hours prior to Hurricane Irma (wave 1: September 8-11, 2017). A second survey was administered 1 month after Hurricane Irma (wave 2: October 12-29, 2017), and a third survey was administered after Hurricane Michael (wave 3: October 22 to November 6, 2018). Data were analyzed from July 19 to 23, 2021.ExposureHurricanes Irma and Michael.Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcomes were posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), global distress, worry about future events (generalized worries), and functional impairment. Path models were used to assess associations of individual-level factors (prior mental health, recent adversity), prior storm exposures (loss and/or injury, evacuation), and direct, indirect, and media-based exposures to hurricanes Irma and Michael with those outcomes. Poststratification weights were applied to facilitate population-based inferences.ResultsOf 2873 individuals administered the survey in wave 1, 1637 responded (57.0% completion rate) (894 [54.6%, weighted] women; mean [SD] age, 51.31 [17.50] years); 1478 in wave 2 (90.3% retention from wave 1) and 1113 in wave 3 (75.3% retention from wave 2) responded. Prior mental health ailments (b, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.07-0.28), prior hurricane-related loss and/or injury (b, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.17), hours of Hurricane Irma-related media exposure (b, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.04), being in an evacuation zone during Hurricane Irma and not evacuating (b, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02-0.27), and loss and/or injury in Hurricane Irma (b, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.25-0.44) were positively associated with PTSS after Hurricane Irma; most associations persisted and were associated with responses to Hurricane Michael. Prior mental health ailments (b, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.17), hours of Hurricane Michael-related media exposure (b, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.003-0.02), hurricane Irma-related PTSS (b, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.34-0.50), recent individual-level adversity (b, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.005-0.05), being in an evacuation zone during Hurricane Irma and evacuating (b, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.002-0.19), and direct (b, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16-0.55) and indirect (b, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.18) Hurricane Michael-related exposures were directly associated with Hurricane Michael-related PTSS. After Hurricane Michael, prior mental health ailments (b, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.28), and PTSS related to hurricanes Irma (b, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.001-0.22) and Michael (b, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.47-0.69) were associated with respondents' functional impairment. Analogous analyses using global distress and generalized worries as mediators of functional impairment yielded a similar pattern of results.Conclusions and relevanceIn this survey study, repeated direct, indirect, and media-based exposures to hurricanes were associated with increased mental health symptoms among Florida residents who experienced hurricanes Irma and Michael, suggesting that people were sensitized to respond with more psychological symptoms over time. These results may inform targeted public health intervention efforts for natural disasters.

Climate change is the greatest threat to global health in human history. It has been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization and leading researchers from academic institutions around the globe. Structural racism disproportionately exposes communities targeted for marginalization to the harmful consequences of climate change through greater risk of exposure and sensitivity to climate hazards and less adaptive capacity to the health threats of climate change. Given its interdisciplinary approach to integrating behavioral, psychosocial, and biomedical knowledge, the discipline of behavioral medicine is uniquely qualified to address the systemic causes of climate change-related health inequities and can offer a perspective that is currently missing from many climate and health equity efforts. In this article, we summarize relevant concepts, describe how climate change and structural racism intersect to exacerbate health inequities, and recommend six strategies with the greatest potential for addressing climate-related health inequities.

It has become increasingly important for future business professionals to understand statistical computing methods as data science has gained widespread use in contemporary organizational decision processes in recent years. Used by scores of academics and practitioners in a variety of fields, Monte Carlo simulation is one of the most broadly applicable statistical computing methods. This article describes efforts to teach Monte Carlo simulation using Python. A series of simulation assignments are completed first in Google Sheets, as described in a previous article. Then, the same simulation assignments are completed in Python, as detailed in this article. This pedagogical strategy appears to support student learning for those who are unfamiliar with statistical computing but familiar with the use of spreadsheets. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Psychoeducational assessment has been used as a tool to sort children into academic tracks based on children's presumed capabilities. Historically, such tracking was based on measures that sought to legitimize racist assumptions about the capabilities of children of color. Despite legal mandates and changes to practice intended to correct these injustices, children of color continue to be disproportionately sorted into less rigorous academic tracks largely based on assessment results. This article draws from the collaborative/therapeutic assessment model to propose how these techniques can increase equity and fairness in school-based assessments through shared power in the assessment relationship. We assert that a collaborative/therapeutic approach can contribute to children's and families' positive experience of assessment, and we encourage further research on these techniques to determine how they may contribute to more equitable school outcomes. We conclude with a rationale for how these techniques advance the goals of school psychology.

Social work education promotes a critical lens through which students engage with power systems. As educators, faculty often decide whether to share their own identities with students, yet we lack research on reasons faculty choose to share (or not share) their identities, and the ways in which privilege and marginalization affect that decision. Using a mixed-method approach, this study (N=84) addresses that gap. Quantitative analysis revealed that age was associated with intentionally sharing that identity; no other social identity was significantly related to disclosure practices. Qualitative analysis revealed the nuanced reasons that faculty elected to disclose or not disclose their identities. Discussion of these findings is situated in critical pedagogy, examining how faculty address power structures in the classroom.

Author(s): Andrei Corneliu Holman [sup.1] , Ana Jignea [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.8168.7, 0000000419371784, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, , [...]

The moral licensing literature suggests that representing oneself as moral in the past or the future motivates current immoral behavior. These licensing effects are moderated by psychological distance, which depends, among others, on the concrete vs. abstract nature of the self-representations and temporal distance. Across two studies, we explored these relationships measuring children's altruism using two prospective moral licensing manipulations that varied on one of these dimensions of psychological distance (i.e., the concreteness of the moral primes) while holding temporal distance constant at its upper end (i.e., distant future). Results revealed higher altruism after imagining distant moral behaviors, contrary to the previous findings in other samples (i.e., adults), but only when concrete primes were used. This suggests that behavioral priming instead of moral licensing is the dominant effect in children in these circumstances due to their lower abstraction abilities., Author(s): Alexandra Maftei [sup.1] , Andrei-Corneliu Holman [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.8168.7, 0000000419371784, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University, , Toma Cozma 3, 700554, Iasi, Romania [...]

Abstract Effective antiviral treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, particularly in patients with risk factors for severe disease. Molnupiravir (MK‐4482, EIDD‐2801) is an orally administered, ribonucleoside prodrug of β‐D‐N4‐hydroxycytidine (NHC) with submicromolar potency against SARS‐CoV‐2. A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analysis for molnupiravir exposure was conducted using 4202 NHC plasma concentrations collected in 1207 individuals from a phase I trial in healthy participants, a phase IIa trial in non‐hospitalized participants with COVID‐19, a phase II trial in hospitalized participants with COVID‐19, and a phase II/III trial in non‐hospitalized participants with COVID‐19. Molnupiravir pharmacokinetics (PK) was best described by a two‐compartment model with a transit‐compartment absorption model and linear elimination. Molnupiravir apparent elimination clearance increased with body weight less‐than‐proportionally (power 0.412) and was estimated as 70.6 L/h in 80‐kg individuals with a moderate interindividual variability (43.4% coefficient of variation). Additionally, effects of sex and body mass index on apparent central volume and food status and formulation on the absorption mean transit time were identified as statistically significant descriptors of variability in these PK parameters. However, none of the identified covariate effects caused clinically relevant changes in the area under the NHC concentration versus time curve between doses, the exposure metric most closely related to clinical response. Overall, the PopPK model indicates that molnupiravir can be administered in adults without dose adjustment based on age, sex, body size, food, and mild‐to‐moderate renal or mild hepatic impairment.

Las algas rojas coralinas (rodofitas) habitan las costas, coloreando estas regiones con una hermosa tonalidad roja o rosada, y son tan duras y afiladas que, de ser pisadas, causarían dolor al pie descalzo. Entre sus diminutas ramas, muchos organismos se desarrollan y encuentran refugio. La fotosíntesis de las algas coralinas conduce a la formación de estructuras de carbonatos con una arquitectura fascinante. Pero tanto el alga como sus microorganismos asociados (microbiota) participan en la formación de estos biominerales, que se acumulan y cementan los materiales que forman las playas y las costas. Los carbonatos son susceptibles a la química ácido-base, por lo tanto, su estabilidad estructural y su disolución dependen del pH del medio que los rodea. Por tanto, estos biominerales y los organismos marinos que los forman (como algas, corales, moluscos o equinodermos) son vulnerables a la acidificación del océano. La curiosidad por ver lo que nuestros ojos no pueden nos llevó a entender que las delicadas ramitas de las algas coralinas esconden una asombrosa fortaleza estructural donde la microestructura y la química son elementos clave, pues encontramos que minerales con una gran estabilidad estructural y térmica constituyen el cuerpo, o talo, de las algas. Hoy en día las algas rojas y verdes coralinas son modelos vivos de gran interés para la ciencia básica, para capturar carbono en estructuras estables. Así, esta área de investigación puede inspirar el desarrollo de estrategias para mitigar el cambio climático.

Applications for stem cells have ranged from therapeutic interventions to more conventional screening and in vitro modeling, but significant limitations to each is due to the lack of maturity from decades old monolayer protocols. While those methods remain the 'gold standard,' newer three-dimensional methods, when combined with engineered niche, stand to significantly improve cell maturity and enable new applications. Here in three parts, we first discuss past methods, and where and why we believe those methods produced suboptimal myocytes. Second, we note how newer methods are moving the field into an era of cell mechanical, electrical, and biological maturity. Finally, we highlight how these improvements will solve issues of scale and engraftment to yield clinical success. It is our conclusion that only through a combination of diverse cell populations and engineered niche will we create an engineered heart tissue with the maturity and vasculature to integrate successfully into a host.