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203. Shaping the future for primary care education and training project. Finding the evidence for education and training to deliver integrated health and social care: the project experience

Author

Holland, K

Subjects
H1, other, health_and_wellbeing, R1
Abstract

The aim of the project is primarily to identify the evidence base for the current and future education and training requirements of the health and social care workforce to deliver integrated health and social care services in the North West of England.\ud \ud Seven North West Universities/Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) collaborated to achieve the Project objectives, bringing together for the first time, all the key partners in the Health, Social Care and Education sectors who are involved in supporting the delivery of integrated health and social care in the North West Region.\ud \ud Project outputs include: three project reports, a systematic review of the literature report, two project summaries, three toolkit reports, two benchmarking toolkits, course finder report, event publications.\ud \ud A key output from the project is the PCET course finder tool, a prototype application that allows people who are interested in integrated health and social care to search for relevant educational courses across the North West of England.

Published
2006

204. FADIO (Fish aggregating devices as instrumented observatories of pelagic ecosystems) : a European Union founded project on development of new observational instruments and the behavior of fish around drifting FADs

Author

Dagorn, Laurent, Holland, K., Puente, E., Taquet, M., Ramos, A., Brault, P., Nottestad, L., Georgakarakos, S., Deneubourg, J.L., Aumeeruddy, R., Josse, Erwan, and Dalen, J.

Subjects
CAPTURE, COOPERATION SCIENTIFIQUE, DISPOSITIF DE CONCENTRATION DES POISSONS, THON, GESTION DE STOCK, EXPERIMENTATION, PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE, ESPECE PELAGIQUE
Published
2006

210. Sinks for nitrogen inputs in terrestrial ecosystems: a meta-analysis of15N tracer field studies

Author

Templer, P.H., Mack, M.C., Chapin III, F.S., Christenson, L.M., Compton, J.E., Crook, H.D., Currie, W.S., Curtis, C.J., Dail, D.B., D'Antonio, C.M., Emmett, B.A., Epstein, H.E., Goodale, C.L., Gundersen, P., Hobbie, S.E., Holland, K., Hooper, D.U., Hungate, B.A., Lamontagne, S., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Osenberg, C.W., Perakis, S.S., Schleppi, P., Schimel, J., Schmidt, I.K., Sommerkorn, M., Spoelstra, J., Tietema, A., Wessel, W.W., Zak, D.R., Templer, P.H., Mack, M.C., Chapin III, F.S., Christenson, L.M., Compton, J.E., Crook, H.D., Currie, W.S., Curtis, C.J., Dail, D.B., D'Antonio, C.M., Emmett, B.A., Epstein, H.E., Goodale, C.L., Gundersen, P., Hobbie, S.E., Holland, K., Hooper, D.U., Hungate, B.A., Lamontagne, S., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Osenberg, C.W., Perakis, S.S., Schleppi, P., Schimel, J., Schmidt, I.K., Sommerkorn, M., Spoelstra, J., Tietema, A., Wessel, W.W., and Zak, D.R.

Abstract

Effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to store carbon (C) depend in part on the amount of N retained in the system and its partitioning among plant and soil pools. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies at 48 sites across four continents that used enriched 15N isotope tracers in order to synthesize information about total ecosystem N retention (i.e., total ecosystem 15N recovery in plant and soil pools) across natural systems and N partitioning among ecosystem pools. The greatest recoveries of ecosystem 15N tracer occurred in shrublands (mean, 89.5%) and wetlands (84.8%) followed by forests (74.9%) and grasslands (51.8%). In the short term (<1 week after 15N tracer application), total ecosystem 15N recovery was negatively correlated with fine-root and soil 15N natural abundance, and organic soil C and N concentration but was positively correlated with mean annual temperature and mineral soil C:N. In the longer term (3–18 months after 15N tracer application), total ecosystem 15N retention was negatively correlated with foliar natural-abundance 15N but was positively correlated with mineral soil C and N concentration and C : N, showing that plant and soil natural-abundance 15N and soil C:N are good indicators of total ecosystem N retention. Foliar N concentration was not significantly related to ecosystem 15N tracer recovery, suggesting that plant N status is not a good predictor of total ecosystem N retention. Because the largest ecosystem sinks for 15N tracer were below ground in forests, shrublands, and grasslands, we conclude that growth enhancement and potential for increased C storage in aboveground biomass from atmospheric N deposition is likely to be modest in these ecosystems. Total ecosystem 15N recovery decreased with N fertilization, with an apparent threshold fertilization rate of 46 kg N·ha−1·yr−1 above which most ecosystems showed net losses of applied 15N tracer in response to N fertilizer addition

Published
2012

211. Derivation of river bathymetry using imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Author

Durkee, Philip A., Holland, K. Todd, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)., Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Pawlenko, Matthew., Durkee, Philip A., Holland, K. Todd, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)., Graduate School of Engineering and Science, and Pawlenko, Matthew.

Abstract

In many places that U.S. forces operate, there exists an insufficient amount of data regarding river water depths, which is a necessity for safe operational planning. Satellite sensors and airborne manned platforms have been used for bathymetric derivation, but are not in abundance, nor do they have the spatial resolution required to examine smaller rivers. Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), this research examines the feasibility of using a ratio method with digital imagery to derive water depths, as well as a simpler polynomial regression to create a lookup table for use in the field. The results show that the ratio method of Red to Blue had higher correlation than Red color band on its own, and that the simple polynomial regression using a ratio of Red to Blue had higher correlation than more widely accepted methods. However, both methods are limited by a maximum depth, which is defined as the point where color no longer changes with depth. All depths beyond this point appear as this maximum depth. These findings show that using imagery from UAVs for bathymetric derivation could be a feasible alternative to accepted satellite imagery methods, but further research is needed to demonstrate operational utility., http://archive.org/details/derivationofrive109455466, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Published
2012

212. Oceanic dispersal in a sedentary reef shark (Triaenodon obesus): Genetic evidence for extensive connectivity without a pelagic larval stage

Author

Whitney, N., Robbins, William, Schultz, J., Bowen, B., Holland, K., Whitney, N., Robbins, William, Schultz, J., Bowen, B., and Holland, K.

Abstract

Aim Most reef fishes are site-attached, but can maintain a broad distribution through their highly dispersive larval stage. The whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus) is site-attached, yet maintains the largest Indo-Pacific distribution of any reef shark while lacking the larval stage of bony (teleost) fishes. Here we use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data to evaluate the enigma of the sedentary reef shark that maintains a distribution across two-thirds of the planet. Location Tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. Methods We analysed 1025base pairs of the mtDNA control region in 310 individuals from 25 locations across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses were used to reveal the dispersal and recent evolutionary history of the species. Results We resolved 15 mtDNA control region haplotypes, but two comprised 87% of the specimens and were detected at nearly every location. Similar to other sharks, genetic diversity was low (h=0.550±0.0254 and p = 0.00213 ± 0.00131). Spatial analyses of genetic variation demonstrated strong isolation across the Indo-Pacific Barrier and between western and central Pacific locations. Pairwise F ST comparisons indicated high connectivity among archipelagos of the central Pacific but isolation across short distances of contiguous habitat (Great Barrier Reef) and intermittent habitat (Hawaiian Archipelago). In the eastern Pacific only a single haplotype (the most common one in the central Pacific) was observed, indicating recent dispersal (or colonization) across the East Pacific Barrier. Main conclusions The shallow haplotype network indicates recent expansion of modern populations within the last half million years from a common ancestor. Based on the distribution of mtDNA diversity, this began with an Indo-West Pacific centre of origin, with subsequent dispersal to the Central Pacific and East Pacific. Genetic differences between Indian and Pacific Ocean populations are consistent with Pleis

Published
2012

213. Sinks for nitrogen inputs in terrestrial ecosystems:a meta-analysis of 15N tracer field studies

Author

Templer, P.H., Mack, M.C., Chapin, F.S., Christenson, L.M., Compton, J.E., Crook, H.D., Currie, W.S., Curtis, C.J., Dail, D.B., D'Antonio, C.M., Emmett, B.A., Epstein, H.E., Goodale, C.L., Gundersen, Per, Hobbie, S.E., Holland, K., Hooper, D.U., Hungate, B.A., Lamontagne, S., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Osenberg, C.W., Perakis, S.S., Schleppi, P., Schimel, J., Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Sommerkorn, M., Spoelstra, J., Tietema, A., Wessel, W.W., Zak, D.R., Templer, P.H., Mack, M.C., Chapin, F.S., Christenson, L.M., Compton, J.E., Crook, H.D., Currie, W.S., Curtis, C.J., Dail, D.B., D'Antonio, C.M., Emmett, B.A., Epstein, H.E., Goodale, C.L., Gundersen, Per, Hobbie, S.E., Holland, K., Hooper, D.U., Hungate, B.A., Lamontagne, S., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Osenberg, C.W., Perakis, S.S., Schleppi, P., Schimel, J., Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Sommerkorn, M., Spoelstra, J., Tietema, A., Wessel, W.W., and Zak, D.R.

Published
2012

214. Probabilistic Prediction of Riverine Bathymetry

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS SEAFLOOR SCIENCES BRANCH, Holland, K T, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS SEAFLOOR SCIENCES BRANCH, and Holland, K T

Abstract

The goal of this effort is to develop methods for imaging riverine flows that can be applied under operational Naval scenarios to aide in the prediction of relevant riverine conditions (e.g. hydraulic depth, thalweg position, etc.) and that are consistent with related efforts to develop analytic and probabilistic forecasting models for the riverine environment. The objectives of this effort are to develop advanced methods of analysing motion imagery to estimate riverine flows in conjunction with the assessment of existing and newly developed riverine modeling frameworks. These frameworks include a probabilistic system being developed to predict the value and uncertainty of variables that are relevant to riverine operations, such as water depth. As such models are proceeding as related efforts outside the scope of this award, the focus of this work is to assure that the coverages, resolutions, accuracies and overall quality of estimated flow speeds and directions are consistent with use in these frameworks and applicable to operational scenarios. In addition, we seek to compare this optical approach to additional methods of estimating flows such as with GPS-equipped surface drifters or Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV). The focus of the probabilistic design is to rigorously incorporate uncertainty in natural river conditions relating to river width, surface flow speeds, discharge ranges, and/or river path into an operational decision aide for estimating river depths.

Published
2011

215. Video and Field Observations of Wave Attenuation in a Muddy Surf Zone

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOACOUSTICS DIV, Pereira, P. S., Calliari, L. J., Holman, R., Holland, K. T., Guedes, R. M., Amorin, C. K., Cavalcanti, R. G., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOACOUSTICS DIV, Pereira, P. S., Calliari, L. J., Holman, R., Holland, K. T., Guedes, R. M., Amorin, C. K., and Cavalcanti, R. G.

Abstract

Besides the different scales within which coastal processes manifest their energy, the majority of the world's coastal regions exhibit forms of sediment heterogeneity that are physically significant. One example of a heterogeneous environment is Cassino beach. located at the southernmost part of Brazil, a fine-grain-sized sandy beach where fluid mud sporadically is transported to the nearshore and eventually onto the beach. At this site in 2005. as part of a field experiment, a video system was installed. Three years after the installation, a large mud transgression event took place in February 2008 and had 5 km of extension. In this context, the goal of the present work is to characterize the mud deposition pattern across the surf zone, describing the consequences of mud on nearshore dynamics using remote sensing techniques, beach profiles and suspended matter concentration. The surveyed beach profiles registered the deposition of fluid mud at the inner surf zone with concentrations up to 12 mg/l. The material was deposited close to the shoreline and had a crossshore width of 100 m during the first deposition day occupying the entire water column. From surf zone time series of pixel intensity, it was possible to detect the attenuation of the surface wave spectra due to the presence of fluid mud. The combination of video techniques and field data allowed one to follow the formation of a double-layer system, where fluid mud overlays the sandy bottom. The video-based system at Cassino demonstrated that remote detection of fluid mud and quantification of its effect on the nearshore dynamics is feasible. The combination of beach profiles, measurements of suspended matter concentration and intensity timestacks allowed the analysis of the short-term evolution of the mud depositional processes., Published in Marine Geology, v279 p210-221, 2011. Sponsored in part by Office of Naval Research (ONR) grants N00014-04-1-0274 and N00014-06-1-0977. Prepared in collaboration with Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil; Oregon State University, Corvalis, OR; and University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.

Published
2011

216. Integrated modelling of cost-effective siting and operation of flow-control infrastructure for river ecosystem conservation

Author

Higgins, A. J., Bryan, B. A., Overton, I. C., Holland, K., Lester, R. E., King, D., Nolan, M., Connor, J. D., Higgins, A. J., Bryan, B. A., Overton, I. C., Holland, K., Lester, R. E., King, D., Nolan, M., and Connor, J. D.

Abstract

Wetland and floodplain ecosystems along many regulated rivers are highly stressed, primarily due to a lack of environmental flows of appropriate magnitude, frequency, duration, and timing to support ecological functions. In the absence of increased environmental flows, the ecological health of river ecosystems can be enhanced by the operation of existing and new flow-control infrastructure (weirs and regulators) to return more natural environmental flow regimes to specific areas. However, determining the optimal investment and operation strategies over time is a complex task due to several factors including the multiple environmental values attached to wetlands, spatial and temporal heterogeneity and dependencies, nonlinearity, and time-dependent decisions. This makes for a very large number of decision variables over a long planning horizon. The focus of this paper is the development of a nonlinear integer programming model that accommodates these complexities. The mathematical objective aims to return the natural flow regime of key components of river ecosystems in terms of flood timing, flood duration, and interflood period. We applied a 2-stage recursive heuristic using tabu search to solve the model and tested it on the entire South Australian River Murray floodplain. We conclude that modern meta-heuristics can be used to solve the very complex nonlinear problems with spatial and temporal dependencies typical of environmental flow allocation in regulated river ecosystems. The model has been used to inform the investment in, and operation of, flow-control infrastructure in the South Australian River Murray.

Published
2011

217. Derivation of river bathymetry using imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Author

Durkee, Philip A., Holland, K. Todd, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)., Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Pawlenko, Matthew., Durkee, Philip A., Holland, K. Todd, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)., Graduate School of Engineering and Science, and Pawlenko, Matthew.

Abstract

In many places that U.S. forces operate, there exists an insufficient amount of data regarding river water depths, which is a necessity for safe operational planning. Satellite sensors and airborne manned platforms have been used for bathymetric derivation, but are not in abundance, nor do they have the spatial resolution required to examine smaller rivers. Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), this research examines the feasibility of using a ratio method with digital imagery to derive water depths, as well as a simpler polynomial regression to create a lookup table for use in the field. The results show that the ratio method of Red to Blue had higher correlation than Red color band on its own, and that the simple polynomial regression using a ratio of Red to Blue had higher correlation than more widely accepted methods. However, both methods are limited by a maximum depth, which is defined as the point where color no longer changes with depth. All depths beyond this point appear as this maximum depth. These findings show that using imagery from UAVs for bathymetric derivation could be a feasible alternative to accepted satellite imagery methods, but further research is needed to demonstrate operational utility.

Published
2011

218. Correlating the Developmental Test of Visual Perception -2 (DTVP and the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills - revised (TVPS-R) as assesssment tools for learners with learning difficulties

Author

Richmond, Janet, Holland, K, Richmond, Janet, and Holland, K

Abstract

Learners are often referred to occupational therapists to assess their visual perceptual functioning. It is, therefore, imperative that the occupational therapists use the best assessment tools to obtain accurate and reliable results that lead to effective intervention which will be noticeable in the classroom functioning of these learners. A study was therefore conducted which correlated the results of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception (second edition) (DTVP-2) and the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills Revised (TVPS-R) in a cohort of 173 learners from Grade 1 to Grade 4 (children aged 6 years to 11 years). The learners attend a remedial school in Kwa-Zulu Natal (South Africa).

Published
2011

220. The Coastal Dynamics of Heterogeneous Sedimentary Environments: Numerical Modeling of Hydrodynamics and Mass Transport in Estuaries

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Keen, Timothy R., Holland, K. T., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Keen, Timothy R., and Holland, K. T.

Abstract

This report discusses details of the numerical algorithms used to simulate wave, tide, and wind-driven hydrodynamics in estuaries and coastal bays. The impacts of the predicted flow on mass transport in estuaries are examined. The results of several sample problems are presented and compared to observations where possible. The results are intended to be used as guidance in formulating modeling strategies for different coastal environments and specific applications., The original document contains color images.

Published
2010

221. Prediction and Assimilation of Surf-zone Processes using a Bayesian Network. Part I: Forward Models

Author

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SAINT PETERSBURG FL, Plant, Nathaniel G., Holland, K. T., GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SAINT PETERSBURG FL, Plant, Nathaniel G., and Holland, K. T.

Abstract

Prediction of coastal processes, including waves, currents, and sediment transport, can be obtained from a variety of detailed eophysical-process models with many simulations showing significant skill. This capability supports a wide range of research and applied efforts that can benefit from accurate numerical predictions. However, the predictions are only as accurate as the data used to drive the models and, given the large temporal and spatial variability of the surf zone, inaccuracies in data are unavoidable such that useful predictions require corresponding estimates of uncertainty. We demonstrate how a Bayesian-network model can be used to provide accurate predictions of wave-height evolution in the surf zone given very sparse and/or inaccurate boundary-condition data. The approach is based on a formal treatment of a data-assimilation problem that takes advantage of significant reduction of the dimensionality of the model system. We demonstrate that predictions of a detailed geophysical model of the wave evolution are reproduced accurately using a Bayesian approach. In this surf-zone application, forward prediction skill was 83%, and uncertainties in the model inputs were accurately transferred to uncertainty in output variables. We also demonstrate that if modeling uncertainties were not conveyed to the Bayesian network (i.e., perfect data or model were assumed), then overly optimistic prediction uncertainties were computed. More consistent predictions and uncertainties were obtained by including model-parameter errors as a source of input uncertainty. Improved predictions (skill of 90%) were achieved because the Bayesian network simultaneously estimated optimal parameters while predicting wave heights., The original document contains color images. Pub. in Coastal Engineering, v58, p119-130, 2011.

Published
2010

222. The Coastal Dynamics of Heterogeneous Sedimentary Environments: Numerical Modeling of Nearshore Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Keen, Timothy R., Holland, K. T., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Keen, Timothy R., and Holland, K. T.

Abstract

This report discusses details of the numerical models used to simulate wave, tide, and wind-driven hydrodynamics and sedimentation in water depths less than 10 m. These simulations have used the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), the SWAN wave model, and the Littoral Sedimentation and Optics Model (LSOM). The problems include: (1) nearshore erosion and mass conservation on the shoreface; (2) coastal erosion during a hurricane; (3) sand resuspension and optical characteristics on the shoreface; and (4) barrier island erosion during cold fronts. These results demonstrate several important conclusions: (a) the nearshore is an open system with respect to sediment transport; (b) nearshore hydrodynamics is not always dominated by waves but also relies on winds and tides; (c) very weak processes can have unforeseen impacts over long periods., The original document contains color images.

Published
2010

223. Littoral Environmental Reconnaissance Using Tactical Imagery From Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Holland, K. T., Lalejini, David M., Spansel, Steven D., Holman, Robert A., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Holland, K. T., Lalejini, David M., Spansel, Steven D., and Holman, Robert A.

Abstract

The dynamic nature of littoral regions requires a reconnaissance approach that can rapidly quantify environmental conditions. Inadequate estimation of these conditions can have substantial impacts on the performance of Naval systems. Given that expeditionary warfare operations can occur over timescales on the order of hours, exploitation of video imagery from tactical vehicles such as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has proved to be a reliable and adaptive solution. Tactical littoral products that can be created by exploiting UAS imagery include estimates of surf conditions, dominant wave period, wave direction, nearshore currents, and bathymetry. These vehicles can fly for durations of 1-2 hours at altitudes of less than 1000 m (beneath typical cloud cover) to obtain imagery at pixel resolutions better than 1 m. The main advantage of using imaging sensors carried by these vehicles is that the data is available in the region of operational interest where other data collection approaches would be difficult or impossible to employ. The through-the-sensor exploitation technique we have developed operates in two phases. The first step is to align individual image frames to a common reference and then georegister the alignment into a mapped image sequence. The second phase involves signal processing of pixel intensity time series (virtual sensors) to determine spatial relationships over time. Geophysical relationships, such as linear wave dispersion, can then be applied to these processed data to invert for environmental parameters such as bathymetry., Published in the Proceedings of SPIE on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring v7678 April 2010. Invited Paper.

Published
2010

224. Sensitivity of Delft3D to Input Conditions

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Edwards, Kacey L., Veeramony, Jayaram, Wang, David, Holland, K. T., Hsu, Yuan-Huang L., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Edwards, Kacey L., Veeramony, Jayaram, Wang, David, Holland, K. T., and Hsu, Yuan-Huang L.

Abstract

In January 2009, the forecasting ability of the Delft3D modeling suite was demonstrated in real time for an area in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. As part of the demonstration, a bathymetric survey was conducted, and several wave buoys of different types were deployed. Delft3D is a three-dimensional modeling suite that can also be run in depth-averaged mode to provide wave conditions, currents, changes in morphology, or a combination of these processes. Each process is modeled by a specialized module at a range of spatial scales that vary from tens of kilometers to meters. The depth-averaged model was configured for the area of interest (AOI) located on Santa Rosa Island in the vicinity of Navarre Beach, Florida. The wave and flow modules were coupled, allowing for wave-current interactions resulting in wave- and tide-driven currents. Comparisons between estimated and measured wave parameters showed an underestimation in wave height, which lead to a sensitivity analysis to determine how changes in the bathymetry, wind input, and wave boundary conditions affect the Delft3D output. It was determined that although the wave and current conditions showed some sensitivity to more highly resolved bathymetry, the wave predictions were not improved much by using the updated bathymetry. This is likely because the bathymetric shape of the coastline near Navarre is simple and linear and sensor location was arbitrarily chosen; alternative locations in the AOI showed a greater sensitivity to bathymetry. The Delft3D results were much more sensitive to wind input and wave boundary conditions in this particular application. The authors present the sensitivity of wave results to changes in the model configuration with respect to the model parameters discussed in addition to the improvements rendered by the changes. Although data limitations inhibit a validation of the flow module, sensitivity of the flow module to the changes in the wave conditions will be discussed., Presented at the Oceans '09 MTS/IEEE Conference on "Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local Challenges" held in Biloxi, MS on 26-29 Oct 2009.

Published
2010

225. Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP): Randomized trial to assess the effects of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among 9,438 patients with chronic kidney disease.

Author

Reaich R., Schouten D., Rashid H., Birtcher K., Cantu J., Tait C., Taun W., Fadem S., Das D., Khosla U., Brown C., Brown T., Buquing J., Cromwell H., Dickson N., Najimipour B., Robeson J., Tabibi W., Mulloy L., Bailey K., Burton B., Fall P., Jagadeesan M., Paulson W., Szerlip H., White J., Faulkner M., Adeleye O., Boatright D., Mensah D., Nwankwo U., Crutcher L., Cummings C., Floyd M., Putatunda B., Ross J., Sanford V., Thadani U., Haragsim L., Parker B., Rogan L., Thresher M., Turner J., Dworkin L., Mignano D., O'Mara A., Shemin D., Bakris G., Basta E., Chua D., Neri G., Ahmed I., Elliott W., Fondren L., Hasabou N., Khosla N., Mazin A., Riehle J., Kovesdy C., Mendoza J., Ahmadzadeh S., Iranmanesh A., Lewis M., Lu J., Benabe J., Gonzalez-Melendez E., Padilla B., Serrano J., Russ T., Athmann L., Funke L., Larson P., Roach D., Salveson B., Nogueira J., Hanes D., Hise M., Light P., Copland E., Fink J., Hakim M., Hough K., McMinn S., Weir M., Young C., Kershaw G., Hill I., White B., Plumb T., Florescu M., Groggel G., Martin M., Rao V., Denu-Ciocca C., Candiani C., Cooper J., Gordon B., Joy M., Kiser M., Lambeth C., Rosas S., Cochetti P., Robinson J., Schankel K., Teng H., Weise W., Geneidy A., Murray P., Solomon R., De Waal D., LaPointe S., Schoenknecht A., Campese V., Habashy M., Ananthakrisna R., Bedwani D., Fazli U., Fetrat M., Frampton Q., Kaldas B., Kazarian V., Pitts L., Sadeghi A., Yeasmin N., Young E., Fissell R., Belanger K., Ricci N., Farwell W., Bowman T., Dhingra R., Pesenson A., Ambrosino J., Chittamooru S., Kaufman J., Ramos M., Yap C., Nakhle S., Aligaen L., Duren D., Laine B., Moore S., Tuazon H., Coyne D., Audrain J., Bryant B., Dombek S., Freeman S., Klein P., Germain M., Berkowitz A., Bokhari A., Braden G., Diaz A., Greco B., Mulhern J., O'Shea M., Poindexter A., Poppel D., Ryan M., Sweet S., Ye J., Osterman J., Lin T., Mays B., Rizvi A., Sonnier C., Twining C., Wang S., Hix M., Schenck J., Baigent C., Landray M., Reith C., Dasgupta T., Emberson J., Herrington W., Lewis D., Mafham M., Collins R., Bray C., Chen Y., Baxter A., Young A., Hill M., Knott C., Cass A., Feldt-Rasmussen B., Fellstrom B., Grobbee R., Gronhagen-Riska C., Haas M., Holdaas H., Hooi L.S., Jiang L., Kasiske B., Krairittichai U., Levin A., Massy Z., Tesar V., Walker R., Wanner C., Wheeler D., Wiecek A., Majoni W., Simpson D., Strony J., Musliner T., Agodoa L., Armitage J., Chen Z., Craig J., De Zeeuw D., Gaziano M., Grimm R., Krane V., Neal B., Ophascharoensuk V., Pedersen T., Sleight P., Tobert J., Tomson C., Sandercock P., Keech A., Whelton P., Yusuf S., Peto R., Parish S., Dolph L., Bahu T., Booth-Davey E., Brewster A., Yau F., Denis E., Frederick K., Haywood D., Heineman J., Howard S., Jayne K., Madgwick Z., Michell S., Murphy K., Ning L., Nolan J., Nunn M., Roberts J., Wickman M., Bowman L., Bulbulia R., Haynes R., Rahimi K., Rahman N., Ait-Sadi R., Barton I., Zhu W., Clark S., Kourellias K., Radley M., Brown K., Worthing D., Coates G., Goodenough B., Lucas N., Carreras A., Currie R., Donaldson O., Fjalling E., Gallagher M., Gibson K., Goddard J., Healy J., Hones L., Jardine M., Kwong I., Merai M., Murray S., Perkovic V., Rendina A., Gallo K., Caron S., Carlson K., Foley K., Matzek S., Mewhort L., O'Donoghue S., Perel-Winkler A., Terins T., Nie Q., Yu H., Ge L., Hao D., Li L., Pang X., Wei X., Yan G., Certikova Chabova V., Holst H., Molvadgaard T., Munksgaard D., Peltonen Y., Liabeuf S., Lebel C., Ouabou L., Bauer B., Bergmann K., Beusch M., Cavitt D., Drechsler C., Dulau I., Hugen K., Kempf S., Kuchenmeister B., Pscheidl V., Schmiedeke D., Schwarz M., Speerschneider K., Stahl B., Lim B.C., Nadia H., Zishareena M.F., Vasuthavan S., Ganesapillai A.T., Yuen S., Grobbee D., Bobbink I., Groot K., Sikking I., Raley J., Colban M., Smerud K., Trygg N., Waagaard E., Westad H., Rotkegel S., Spiechowicz U., Domoradzka M., Gawlowska M., Flygar A., Odmark I., Pettersson A., Blackwood S., Barclay J., Benham J., Brown R., Cureton L., Jackson D., Kennedy I., Leaper C., Taylor A., Winter C., Wise C., Nash M., Taylor Bennett A., Donaldson D., Chalmers K., Corderoy H., Bartkoske M., Bjerk C., Camarena A., Herskovitz L., Heuer C., Levin J., Robinson R., Wicklund B., Bentzel D., Cohen S., Costa C., Scranton R., Auwardt R., Boyer M., Cogdell P., Menahem S., Sheldrake J., Mount P., Fraenkel M., Bisscheroux P., Dempester J., Gleeson P., Harris G., Holmes C., Hyett K., Linton A., Miach P., Booth D., Druce L., Mantha M., Borg E., Green S., Killen J., Lynch Y., Colquhoun D., Herzig K., Row G., Addison J., Asa J., Beatson G., Calvird D., Edmunds J., Ferreira-Jardim A., Gwynne A., Mackay D., McLoughlin L., Wightwick C., Williams L., Ferrari P., Barry J., Hodson S., Zakrzewska W., Meagher E., Mulcahy M., Parnham A., Carney S., Garvey L., Gillies A., Hayes S., Mathew M., Fassett R., Anderson L., Clingeleffer C., Curnock A., Mayne L., Richardson D., Smith M., Smith S., Suranyi M., Howlin K., Chow J., Cleland B., Rayment G., Spicer T., Wong J., Wong M., Packham D., Alison C., Fraser I., Mitchell J., Nagle J., Brown F., Ellery C., Monkhouse J., Nandkumar J., Reith-Myers L., Gray N., Cocks C., Courtney M., Hollett P., Johnston C., Larsen H., Pollock A., Stewart S., Styles G., Wyndham R., Fanning M., Gibson W., Jackson S., Mannering M., Mercado E., Oliphant R., Sud K., Ubera N., Wood C., Karrasch J., Brinkley T., Estensen K., Moroney A., Sutton J., Warren R., Saltissi D., Jahke H., Roach H., Saltissi J., Wiederroth O'Brien M., Johnson D., Bali V., Evans M., Franzen K., Halbish S., Helyar J., Martin A., Mudge D., Sonnenburg K., Sudak J., Roger S., Almeida S., Andrews H., Bohringer L., Bouwhuis L., Brady L., Carpenter A., Warren S., Elias T., Bannister K., Chew G., Clarke J., Faull R., Hooper A., Jeffs L., Napier A., Peh C., Pirone K., Skilton F., Ranganathan D., Best J., Hart L., Healy H., Morgan C., Ratanjee S., Salisbury A., Jose M., Freeman J., Hamilton R., Kirkland G., Read G., Anderson H., Boekel K., Farrell M., Foreman A., Iliev K., Pedagogos E., Raspudic T., Pollock C., Cooper B., Kesselhut J., Macadam C., Pearse J., Rowland C., Tully H., Irish A., Dogra G., Coutts P., Hayes L., Khoo D., Nathoo B., Shakespeare K., Warger A., Gillin A., Burman J., George C., Sherwood S., Snelling P., Stevens C., Hutchison B., Luxton G., Devenny N., Herson H., Pellicano S., Kelly J., Coutelas J., Garlinge C., McClelland A., Pirabhahar S., Saleh H., Langham R., Englebright B., Giang M., Lanteri M., Mullins K., Turner C., Collett P., Stokoe S., Sutherland K., Talafua D., Talaulikar G., Clarkson A., Rees C., Carney G., Falk M., Gracey D., Jadeer A., Johnson P., Karpe K., Singer R., Walters G., McDonald S., Burgess J., Fischer K., Gentgall M., Hockley M., Veitch D., De Jersey P., Gillam A., Hartig V., Holland K., McArdle J., Washington W., Rangan G., Mikaheal M., Murie P., Perez N., Punnoose N., Smolonogov T., Taler N., Williams G., Wen C., Kohlhagen J., Wessels J., Johnson S., Reid A., Ryan J., Taprell D., Auinger M., Eigner M., Kodras K., Leithner C., Magpantay L., Marterer C., Prager R., Prinz C., Seiringer E., Kramar R., Mitter E., Stummvoll H., Dieplinger G., Wenzel R., Stolz G., Drose S., Edlinger E., Headlam-Leitner E., Miska H., Then M., Weninger S., Lhotta K., Neyer U., Dickie H., Smodek S., Sprenger-Mahr H., Rosenkranz A., Zitt E., Mayr B., Schinner A., Soltys G., Begin V., Brunet S., Cournoyer S., Gelinas M., Giroux C., Martineau J., Roy M., Savoie L., Agharazii M., Blouin J., Desmeules S., Langlois S., Samson F., Wong G., Constantini L., Jing J., Malko J., Rivers C., Rochester D., Skilling C., Wadgymar A., Wu G., Kates D., Husch J., Mantle M., Turri L., Barrett B., Curtis B., Greeley B., Hannaford M., Harnett J., Kelly M., Langille E., Morgan J., Murphy S., Karim M., Arbo T., Carpenito G., Chan V., DaRoza G., Friesen M., Kraus D., Lam S., Lange B., Minhas S., Starko R., Torng S., Vela K., Madore F., Roy P., Troyanov S., Bonnardeaux A., Lauzon L., Pichette V., Yeates K., Mahoney K., Myers C., Pilkey R., Moist L., Edgar M., House A., Kortas C., Mindorff S., Tam P., Chow S., Fung J., Nagai G., Ng P., Sikaneta T., Ting R., Forzley B., Clouatre Y., Cooper S., DaCosta H., Granger S., Valley S., Karunakaran S., Abdulhadi M., Altwasser C., Anderson S., Bergquist L., Wijeyesinghe C., Berst L., Horgan K., Coles K., Lotter T., Robson L., Barre P., Golden J., Golden M., Tanguay N., Rigatto C., Armstrong S., Fine A., Fontaine B., Friesen D., Henry S., Kraushar M., Reslerova M., Verrelli M., Rabbat C., Clase C., Suva G., Winegard N., Goldstein M., Curvelo S., Donnelly S., Huckle J., Marticorena R., Chan-Yan C., Chiu A., DeLuca L., Flamer D., Gill J., Jamal A., Jung B., Kiaii M., Landsberg D., Rozen N., Taylor P., Werb R., Pylypchuk G., Ahmed A., Barton J., Hundseth M., Kappel J., Keindel I., Klassen J., Pylypchuk S., Rindall M., Tobe S., Naimark D., Agelopoulos M., Chessman M., Hladunewich M., Perkins N., Sainsbury S., McCready W., Adams B., Tonelli M., Caldwell S., Kumar U., McMahon A., Nikitin S., Restall J., Treit S., Wysocki Y., Duncan J., Copland M., Jastrzebski J., Keown P., Kwan S., Rogers D., Shapiro J., Singh S., Sioson L., Yee K., Yeung C., Zacharias J., Bueti J., Dizon B., Lam H., Miller L., Ross M., Zarrillo M., Li Z., Wang C., Liu L., Hong M., Zheng H., Zuo W., Ge Z., Liu Q., Li Y., Sun K., Zhao R., Sun G., Wang F., Cui Z., Lou F., Du Y., Song L., Huang H., Song Z., Wang J., Zhou L., Wu R., Xiao R., Zhang Q., Duan N., Ju N., Wang A., Xu Z., Lu Z., Zhang Y., Zhao L., Zhang C., Mo Z., Xie Y., Xiong J., Chen J., Guo L., Zhao S., Peiskerova M., Jancova E., Kazderova M., Kobrova L., Gorun P., Kmentova T., Burgelova M., Lyerova L., Viklicky O., Berdych M., Nydlova Z., Jelinkova G., Moltas J., Pauzar T., Knetl P., Cahova J., Simkova J., Zakova M., Vankova S., Safarova R., Hruby M., Karlova R., Prikaska V., Sellenberg P., Vesela E., Malanova L., Vlasak J., Kaprova P., Novakova D., Kotherova K., Studenovska M., Christensen J., Solling J., Jepsen M., Kristensen V., Aerenlund H., Braemer-Jensen M., Kamper A., Raaschou S., Heaf J., Dreyer J., Freese P., Holm M., Munch M., Gade-Rasmussen E., Bredmose K., Daugaard H., Nielsen J., Friedberg M., Jensen D., Munk Plum M., Solling K., Dieperink H., Arp Nielsen L., Friborg E., Gloe-Jakobsen A., Thye Ronn P., Rasmussen K., Andersen C., Johansen A., Odum L., Ostergaard O., Pedersen L., Lykkegaard S., Aundal M., Faureholm Huess S., Danielsen H., Madsen J., Nyvang M., Ekstrand A., Boman H., Hartman J., Lipponen A., Lithovius R., Rauta V., Salmela A., Saloranta K., Forslund T., Koskiaho P., Jaaskelainen K., Kanninen M., Laine K., Asola M., Huhti J., Pentti M., Metsarinne K., Heiro M., Koivuviita N., Saarinen M., Tertti R., Choukroun G., Fournier A., Ducloux D., Marechal F., Simula Faivre D., Combe C., Douillet M., Lamblot T., Nardi H., Vendrely B., Bourbigot B., Ferlandin S., Zaoui P., Jouet C., Geffroy-Guiberteau S., Bugnazet L., Aldigier J., El Hamel-Belili C., Giraud S., Dussol B., Berland Y., Chollet M., Sichez H., Cristol J., Canaud B., Morena M., Rodriguez A., Kessler M., Mizejewski B., Risse B., Urena Torres P., Bou-Bekr M.A., Arezki C., Ras El Qdim P., Vela C., Borsato F., Talairach A., Normand M., Normand V., Rieu P., Gauthier B., Vigneron-Foy C., Wolak A., Menoyo V., Alos L., Caillette-Beaudoin A., Berger V., Al-Sarraf S., Konnerth I., Urban C., Weiner S., Boesken W., Jochum E., Kiefer C., Wagner A., Krumme B., Bohler J., Bonow B., Hohenstatt U., Mettang T., Rockel A., Langanke J., Lipponer H., Dunschen-Weimar G., Dunst R., Hubel E., Petrik R., Rengel R., Schmidgen M., Mayr H., Garschhammer C., Weirauch S., Anger H., Goock T., Mai A., Bast I., Suptitz C., Iwig B., Florschutz K., Hasselbacher R., Sauerbrey G., Delrieux S., Rau S., Poley M., Laux R., Schonfelder O., Kunowski G., Fuchs G., Hoffmann K., Schurger R., Brensing K., Guven Z., Immenkamp C., Kottmann C., Schmitt H., Schulz M., Arnold P., Knaup R., Schneider H., Siemsen H., Pyriki P., Korkemeyer F., Pyriki R., Siebrecht A., Schulz E., Krumwiede A., Kruse D., Lucke S., Keim H., Fink H., Fischer S., Klingbeil A., Kuhlmei K., Ortwein-Horn N., Merker L., Bayer B., Benamar K., Emmert S., Floten E., Holzheuer K., Lummer M., Ossendorf E., Scholz M., Oppitz M., Georgiew L., Tripps C., Wendehake M., Lange D., Pingel V., Brause M., Schanze W., Duygulu E., Dellanna F., Heinemann-Nieberding S., Sturmer C., Wieczorek K., Zarga O., Kullmer B., Kullmer S., Akin M., Gondolf M., Schutterle S., Walker G., Bertsch R., Seul M., Allendorff J., Siehler R., Stemmler S., Baldus M., Adler A., Harter S., Wurmell W., Moller M., Hame C., Muller M., Schreiber M., Schurfeld C., Millington-Herrmann M., Benschneider A., Gaffal J., Sprunken U., Bohling M., Wunderlich S., Schramm L., Kollenbrath C., Netzer K., Sieber T., Zimmermann J., Bellersen M., Uerkvitz M., David-Walek T., Hauschildt B., Leimenstoll G., Lonnemann G., Hilfenhaus M., Benedetto C., Stockmann S., Ichtiaris P., Jungmann A., Neumeier K., Stoof A., Bohmer K., Kirpal A., Knogl A., Flege F., Franke K., Groth P., Parensen E., Bockmann M., Przyklenk P., Piazolo L., Thinius-Jaudas L., Versen A., Hettich R., Arendt R., Geiger K., Hoppe H., Schwarting A., Beyer T., Faust J., Hazenbiller A., Tschirner S., Grupp C., Dorsch O., Eigner-Schmidtchen M., Michler K., Roth J., Schramm S., Waldmuller G., Riedl B., Vogele-Dirks H., Linz J., Biggar P., Hennemann H., Bauer G., Buchholz J., Fischer P., Bihlmaier W., Baumann A., Peichl B., Roser S., Ludewig S., Ricksgers M., Szendzielorz M., Baus A., Baust K., Schaller P., Schnellbacher G., Sorensen S., Buschges-Seraphin B., Hauenstein L., Hofmann B., Nikolay J., Merkel F., Nebel M., Petersen J., Schweb S., Zeissler H., Baumhackel K., Krauss A., Schafer R., Pastor A., Zielinski B., Strauss H., Theis H., Burkhardt K., Heckel M., Hussendorfer K., Bahner U., Brandl M., Hammerl-Kraus B., Herrmann D., Kramer H., Baudenbacher H., Blaser C., Buschmann G., Eckert G., Ehrich H., Hofmann K., Huller U., Geiger H., Becker B., Hoischen S., Bartel C., Hennig J., Obermuller N., Schulte C., Fischereder M., Burchardi F., Rupprecht H., Weidner S., Anders H., Andriaccio L., Lederer S., Ricken G., Strasser C., Lammert A., Schmitt W., Van Der Woude F., Langhauser B., Markau S., Osten B., Thiemicke D., Dorligschaw O., Weickert M., Breunig F., Denninger G., Osiek S., Rebstock W., Schulz P., Swoboda F., De Cicco D., Harlos J., Lebert A., Riegel M., Schmiedeke T., Hoffmann U., Nolle M., Jankrift P., Pfleiderer H., Witta J., Wittler B., Luth J., Dumann H., Habel U., Torp A., Sehland D., Tiess M., Etzold C., Friederiszik A., Morgenroth A., Dybala A., Suffel A., Leimbach T., Kron J., Sauer S., Meyer T., Meyer M., Lammers U., Bekman J., Holtz S., Kausler-Book B., Stobbe S., Hohage H., Heck M., Schulte F., Welling U., Zeh M., Seyfried J., De Heij T., Menzinger A., Weinreich T., Hopf M., Groll J., Kammholz K., Peters K., Schwietzer G., Kreft B., Weibchen U., Vosskuhler A., Hollenbeck M., Klaue K., Rzepucha E., Sperling K., Seeger W., Weyer J., Heine C., Kirste P., Zemann B., Alscher D., Rumpf D., Wullen B., Bengel A., Friedrich B., Kirschner T., Knodler U., Machleidt C., Niederstrasser K., Noack E., Wilhelm J., Heuer H., Dulea J., Piolot R., Rudke M., Treinen G., Elberg B., Hanke J., Nitschke T., Rosendahl C., Schmitz A., Schrader J., Kulschewski A., Lubcke C., Hammersen F., Luders S., Venneklaas U., Muhlfeld A., Arabi Al-Khanne F., Ketteler M., Politt D., Schuster C., Eitner F., Goretz U., Heidenreich S., Janssen U., Kranz A., Moormann E., Schneider B., Weber W., Frei U., Jovanovic T., Asmus H., Canaan-Kuhl S., Pannier L., Petersen S., Pluer M., Schaeffner E., Schafer C., Warncke S., Schmieder R., Donhauser C., Schulze B., Koziolek M., Bechtel W., Kurz B., Strutz F., Bramlage C., Dreyer S., Mommeyer E., Niemann J., Scheel A., Troche-Polzien I., Weber F., Heine G., Girndt M., Lizzi F., Rogacev K., Lindner T., Achenbach H., Peschel K., Beige J., Jentho S., Kreyssig C., Prill K., Renders L., Walcher J., Cerny S., Fulbier A., Kristen H., Nitschke M., Kramer J., Marek P., Meier M., Schlieter J., Heyne N., Bachmann F., Faber M., Klipp K., Kustner U., Risler T., Rath T., Ruf T., Budiman D., Seidel C., Weik S., Teo S.M., Lee L.Y., Azizah H., Faridunishah S.A., Foo S.M., Go K.W., Ghazali A., Koh K.H., Zaki M., Wong H.S., Bavanandan S., Boey L.M., Lily M., Wong S.L., Rosnawati Y., Zawawi N., Azimawati A., Hindun A., Hasnah J., Korina R., Yunaidah A., Noraidah P., Ong L.M., Noor Asma A., Liew Y.F., Rozina G., Cheong Y.H., Ang A.H., Dayang J., Lim L.S., Sukeri M., Ramli S., Zulkifli M., Wan Mahmood W.K., Goh B.L., Sarifah B., Bee B.C., Ramasamy C., Ruszarimah S., Liu W.J., Razali O., Haslinah S., Vaithilingam I., Jaaini A., Faridah L., Ng K.H., Krishnan P., Rosnah A.A., Nor Azizah A.S., Tam C.C., Tan S.H., Tan C.C., Shahnaz F.K., Wazir H., Munusamy P., Wan Shaariah M.Y., Chew T.F., Fuziah Z., Tan C.H.H., Maria L., Javelin P., Lim S.K., Nazatul S.B., Engkasan L.P., Tan S.Y., Wong M.G., Julita A.A., Ang B.B., Krishnan S., Seet W.W.T., Liew S.K., Keng T.C., Tobe T., Deelen M., Klaassen I., Grave W., Emmen M., Janssen W., Bossen W., Elzinga B., Van Der Velden A., Hemmelder M., Slagman M., Waanders F., Viergever P., Boerema I., Potter Van Loon B., Muthert B., Geers T., Schollaert N., Van Weverwijk I., Veen P., Woittiez A., Krikken J., Kwakernaak A., Visser F., Navis G., Hoekstra F., Hawkins S., McGregor D., Usher J., MacGinley R., Schollum J., Ellis G., Voss D., Rosman J., Upjohn M., Panlilio N., Madhan K., Naicker V., Anderson E., Bushell M., Lumb N., Pepperell B., Sizeland P., Hayett S., Sullivan N., Tuffery C., Macdonald A., Ostapowicz T., Wessel-Aas T., Wessel-Aas H., Bjorbaek E., Bjorbaek R., Simso I., Oien C., Bergrem H., Espedal S., Kronborg J., Solbakken K., Rocke J., Aakervik O., Haugen V., Eide T., Berglund J., Loland W., Schei T., Stromsaether C., Willadsen H., Lyngdal P., Vad A., Waldum B., Froslid G., Roaldsnes C., Rustad D., Soderblom P., Eriksen B., Hanssen E., Julsrud J., Mathisen U., Pedersen M., Rumsfeld M., Toft I., Berget K., Landsverk K., Tveiten G., Wamstad H., Klinger M., Krajewska M., Golebiowski T., Kusztal M., Spiechowicz-Zaton U., Rutkowski B., Renke M., Tylicki L., Czekalski S., Koziol L., Wanic-Kossowska M., Wasik-Olejnik A., Nowicki M., Dryja P., Kurnatowska I., Zawiasa A., Ciszek M., Gomolka M., Mysliwiec M., Brzosko S., Mazerska M., Hruby Z., Koscielniak K., Stanek-Piotrowska M., Mesjasz J., Rudka R., Baranski M., Jupowiecki J., Klein D., Switalski M., Kuriga M., Ostrowski M., Lidman A., Linde T., Waltersson K., Weiss L., Andersson G., Lindell C., Welander G., Jacobson S., Edensjo P., Wallin J., Linder M., Karsberg M., Hellgren K., Lonn I., Frisenette-Fich C., Johansson A., Lundstrom A., Mauritz N., Stahl-Nilsson A., Tobafard N., Hellberg O., Ejemar E., Von Schmalensee N., Gunne T., Eriksson A., Ostberg S., Svensson C., Mulec H., Jacobsson A., Karlsson M., Onnermalm L., Osagie S., Ekengren U., Larsson M., Lindberger K., Olofsson A., Samuelsson O., Beagan L., Dezfoolian H., Just M., Ortegren L., Saeed A., Strand U., Ramsauer B., Hultstrom D., Nordlinder K., Sundberg I., Oqvist B., Green C., Fernstrom A., Cassel A., Goransson I., Gylling M., Jorgensen A., Sterner G., Christensson A., Hjelmstedt P., Nystrom A., Sundin P., Samuelsson I., Tidman M., Johansson M., Lofgren Andersson M., Ohman M., Andersson P., Hallberg Karlsson A., Ringstad L., Chittinandana A., Chailimpamontree W., Gojaseni P., Singprasert R., Tungsanga K., Amphun W., Intim P., Kanjanabuch T., Poowarattanakul D., Treratha C., Wongvan P., Jittikanont S., Suriya T., Indrasthitya P., Sumethkul V., Ingsathit A., Jansomwong J., Lertchalorarn K., Phachiyanukul V., Phiromkit T., Saengsri S., Vareesangthip K., Chawanasuntorapoj R., Kiattisunthorn K., Larpkitkachorn R., Webster J., Henderson J., Jayne D., Hollis J., Townsend K., Harron C., Bleakley N., Hanley N., Morgan S., Brittney L., Brown H., Maxwell P., Murtagh H., Thomas M., Burke E., Carmody M., Cox G., Dasgin J., Ali G., Whitehouse L., Williams V., Brown E., Dlelana G., Esson A., Fagerbrink S., Marshall F., Mazibuko B., Nelson C., Russell E., Williams R., Altmann P., McNichols-Thomas C., Parsons K., MacGregor M., McGowan J., Mead P., Gilbanks K., Sanderson M., Fluck R., Chandler G., Hulme L., Smith J., Tse Y., West C., Taylor J., Breakspear S., Burgess B., Isles C., Bell J., Duignan J., Gorman J., Swainson C., Beveridge C., Cairns A., Miller D., Paterson F., Smith L., Kumwenda M., Glover R., Geddes C., Gemmell C., Grieve I., Matthews E., McLaren B., Meyer B., Spiers A., Banks R., Apperley P., Patterson T., Paynter H., Scoble J., Thom D., Watkins J., Kalra P., Gowland S., Haydock L., Smart I., Bhandari S., Gillett P., James K., Lewis R., Melville H., Tamimi A., Williams P., Heath T., Small S., Paterson A., Gibson N., Laven C., Wilson T., Cairns H., Casley-Ready K., Warwick G., Fentum B., James J., Kumar T., Marshall R., Ratcliffe F., Shenton A., Warwicker P., Bowser M., Mumford C., 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A., Schulz E., Krumwiede A., Kruse D., Lucke S., Keim H., Fink H., Fischer S., Klingbeil A., Kuhlmei K., Ortwein-Horn N., Merker L., Bayer B., Benamar K., Emmert S., Floten E., Holzheuer K., Lummer M., Ossendorf E., Scholz M., Oppitz M., Georgiew L., Tripps C., Wendehake M., Lange D., Pingel V., Brause M., Schanze W., Duygulu E., Dellanna F., Heinemann-Nieberding S., Sturmer C., Wieczorek K., Zarga O., Kullmer B., Kullmer S., Akin M., Gondolf M., Schutterle S., Walker G., Bertsch R., Seul M., Allendorff J., Siehler R., Stemmler S., Baldus M., Adler A., Harter S., Wurmell W., Moller M., Hame C., Muller M., Schreiber M., Schurfeld C., Millington-Herrmann M., Benschneider A., Gaffal J., Sprunken U., Bohling M., Wunderlich S., Schramm L., Kollenbrath C., Netzer K., Sieber T., Zimmermann J., Bellersen M., Uerkvitz M., David-Walek T., Hauschildt B., Leimenstoll G., Lonnemann G., Hilfenhaus M., Benedetto C., Stockmann S., Ichtiaris P., Jungmann A., Neumeier K., Stoof A., Bohmer K., Kirpal A., 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B.B., Krishnan S., Seet W.W.T., Liew S.K., Keng T.C., Tobe T., Deelen M., Klaassen I., Grave W., Emmen M., Janssen W., Bossen W., Elzinga B., Van Der Velden A., Hemmelder M., Slagman M., Waanders F., Viergever P., Boerema I., Potter Van Loon B., Muthert B., Geers T., Schollaert N., Van Weverwijk I., Veen P., Woittiez A., Krikken J., Kwakernaak A., Visser F., Navis G., Hoekstra F., Hawkins S., McGregor D., Usher J., MacGinley R., Schollum J., Ellis G., Voss D., Rosman J., Upjohn M., Panlilio N., Madhan K., Naicker V., Anderson E., Bushell M., Lumb N., Pepperell B., Sizeland P., Hayett S., Sullivan N., Tuffery C., Macdonald A., Ostapowicz T., Wessel-Aas T., Wessel-Aas H., Bjorbaek E., Bjorbaek R., Simso I., Oien C., Bergrem H., Espedal S., Kronborg J., Solbakken K., Rocke J., Aakervik O., Haugen V., Eide T., Berglund J., Loland W., Schei T., Stromsaether C., Willadsen H., Lyngdal P., Vad A., Waldum B., Froslid G., Roaldsnes C., Rustad D., Soderblom P., Eriksen B., Hanssen E., Julsrud J., Mathisen U., Pedersen M., Rumsfeld M., Toft I., Berget K., Landsverk K., Tveiten G., Wamstad H., Klinger M., Krajewska M., Golebiowski T., Kusztal M., Spiechowicz-Zaton U., Rutkowski B., Renke M., Tylicki L., Czekalski S., Koziol L., Wanic-Kossowska M., Wasik-Olejnik A., Nowicki M., Dryja P., Kurnatowska I., Zawiasa A., Ciszek M., Gomolka M., Mysliwiec M., Brzosko S., Mazerska M., Hruby Z., Koscielniak K., Stanek-Piotrowska M., Mesjasz J., Rudka R., Baranski M., Jupowiecki J., Klein D., Switalski M., Kuriga M., Ostrowski M., Lidman A., Linde T., Waltersson K., Weiss L., Andersson G., Lindell C., Welander G., Jacobson S., Edensjo P., Wallin J., Linder M., Karsberg M., Hellgren K., Lonn I., Frisenette-Fich C., Johansson A., Lundstrom A., Mauritz N., Stahl-Nilsson A., Tobafard N., Hellberg O., Ejemar E., Von Schmalensee N., Gunne T., Eriksson A., Ostberg S., Svensson C., Mulec H., Jacobsson A., Karlsson M., Onnermalm L., Osagie S., Ekengren U., Larsson M., Lindberger K., Olofsson A., Samuelsson O., Beagan L., Dezfoolian H., Just M., Ortegren L., Saeed A., Strand U., Ramsauer B., Hultstrom D., Nordlinder K., Sundberg I., Oqvist B., Green C., Fernstrom A., Cassel A., Goransson I., Gylling M., Jorgensen A., Sterner G., Christensson A., Hjelmstedt P., Nystrom A., Sundin P., Samuelsson I., Tidman M., Johansson M., Lofgren Andersson M., Ohman M., Andersson P., Hallberg Karlsson A., Ringstad L., Chittinandana A., Chailimpamontree W., Gojaseni P., Singprasert R., Tungsanga K., Amphun W., Intim P., Kanjanabuch T., Poowarattanakul D., Treratha C., Wongvan P., Jittikanont S., Suriya T., Indrasthitya P., Sumethkul V., Ingsathit A., Jansomwong J., Lertchalorarn K., Phachiyanukul V., Phiromkit T., Saengsri S., Vareesangthip K., Chawanasuntorapoj R., Kiattisunthorn K., Larpkitkachorn R., Webster J., Henderson J., Jayne D., Hollis J., Townsend K., Harron C., Bleakley N., Hanley N., Morgan S., Brittney L., Brown H., Maxwell P., Murtagh H., Thomas M., Burke E., Carmody M., Cox G., Dasgin J., Ali G., Whitehouse L., Williams V., Brown E., Dlelana G., Esson A., Fagerbrink S., Marshall F., Mazibuko B., Nelson C., Russell E., Williams R., Altmann P., McNichols-Thomas C., Parsons K., MacGregor M., McGowan J., Mead P., Gilbanks K., Sanderson M., Fluck R., Chandler G., Hulme L., Smith J., Tse Y., West C., Taylor J., Breakspear S., Burgess B., Isles C., Bell J., Duignan J., Gorman J., Swainson C., Beveridge C., Cairns A., Miller D., Paterson F., Smith L., Kumwenda M., Glover R., Geddes C., Gemmell C., Grieve I., Matthews E., McLaren B., Meyer B., Spiers A., Banks R., Apperley P., Patterson T., Paynter H., Scoble J., Thom D., Watkins J., Kalra P., Gowland S., Haydock L., Smart I., Bhandari S., Gillett P., James K., Lewis R., Melville H., Tamimi A., Williams P., Heath T., Small S., Paterson A., Gibson N., Laven C., Wilson T., Cairns H., Casley-Ready K., Warwick G., Fentum B., James J., Kumar T., Marshall R., Ratcliffe F., Shenton A., Warwicker P., Bowser M., Mumford C., Mitra S., Woolfson R., Yang R., Williams A., Richards K., Turner A., Odum J., Rylance P., Smallwood A., Ward J., Henderson I., McMahon M., Ross C., Burrows M., Morais J., Rajan S., Tindall H., Barrett C., Kelly F., El-Nahas M., Bartholomew J., Edwards L., Okhuoya F., Bebb C., Cassidy M., Brand S., Quashie-Howard M., Taggart C., Capps N., Tonks L., Mason J., Powell S., Watkins L., Ball S., Dutton M., Fifer L., McGlynn F., Wood M., Jenkins D., Allan N., Fahal I., Elhag-Ali H., King J., Peel R., Potts L., Logie I., McGhie F., Naik R., Parry R., Andain K., Durkin S., D'Souza R., Harrison D., Cooke J., Kinyanjui R., Harper J., Algate K., McCarthy M., Van Eker D., Thuraisingham R., Chinodya M., Deelchand V., Garcia R., Ngango R., Rolfe C., Williams K., Solomon L., Heap T., MacDowall P., Saunderson Smith L., MacDiarmaid-Gordon A., Harman W., Smithson H., Robertson D., Gammon B., O'Grady D., Verow C., Rogerson M., Berry L., Gough C., Hayward E., Jones C., Payne T., Rowe L., Sibley C., Szymanski J., Almond M., Bourton L., Bromwich C., Dawson S., Mason S., Oliveira D., Ramkhelawon R., Tuazon J., Andrews P., Archer K., Moore A., Thomas G., Velazquez C., Mumtaz R., Roberts R., Farquhar F., Ott J., Fenwick S., Callaway A., Garrett P., Dees L., McDonagh U., Garner S., Zehnder D., Aldridge N., Dyer C., Gomez M., Hewins S., McCarthy K., Rush J., Spencer S., Harvey M., Mills H., Drew P., Henry M., Wilberforce S., Worth D., Adair Z., Hartley J., Jibani M., Jones D., Swan S., Shamp T., Alcorn H., Bookey J., Cannon C., Jarvis K., Muesing C., Murphy M., Muster H., Planting M., Strand C., Middleton J., Gitter K., Mace N., Schumm D., Pogue V., Alimohammadi B., Arora P., Herbert L., Cheng J., Dowie D., Mohan S., Peters G., Tuttle K., Albritton S., Benedetti R., Joshi S., Lund B., Shuler L., Trevino M., Mai K., Osborn T., Parekh R., Eustace J., Novak G., Patterson S., Lindsey C., Hill T., Liston M., Wiegmann T., Nagaria A., Hurd C., Hurst A., Omoscharka E., Parks S., and Price V.

Abstract

Background: Lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with statin therapy has been shown to reduce the incidence of atherosclerotic events in many types of patient, but it remains uncertain whether it is of net benefit among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Method(s): Patients with advanced CKD (blood creatinine >=1.7 mg/dL [>= 150 mumol/L] in men or >=1.5 mg/dL [ >= 130 mumol/L] in women) with no known history of myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization were randomized in a ratio of 4:4:1 to ezetimibe 10 mg plus simvastatin 20 mg daily versus matching placebo versus simvastatin 20 mg daily (with the latter arm rerandomized at 1 year to ezetimibe 10 mg plus simvastatin 20 mg daily vs placebo). The key outcome will be major atherosclerotic events, defined as the combination of myocardial infarction, coronary death, ischemic stroke, or any revascularization procedure. Results A total of 9,438 CKD patients were randomized, of whom 3,056 were on dialysis. Mean age was 61 years, two thirds were male, one fifth had diabetes mellitus, and one sixth had vascular disease. Compared with either placebo or simvastatin alone, allocation to ezetimibe plus simvastatin was not associated with any excess of myopathy, hepatic toxicity, or biliary complications during the first year of follow-up. Compared with placebo, allocation to ezetimibe 10 mg plus simvastatin 20 mg daily yielded average LDL cholesterol differences of 43 mg/dL (1.10 mmol/L) at 1 year and 33 mg/dL (0.85 mmol/L) at 2.5 years. Follow-up is scheduled to continue until August 2010, when all patients will have been followed for at least 4 years. Conclusions SHARP should provide evidence about the efficacy and safety of lowering LDL cholesterol with the combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin among a wide range of patients with CKD.Copyright © 2010, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2010

226. The Relationship Between A Teacher Check List And Standardised Tests For Visual Perception Skills: A South African Remedial Primary School Perspective

Author

Richmond, Janet, Richmond, Janet, Holland, K, Richmond, Janet, Richmond, Janet, and Holland, K

Abstract

Occupational therapy in remedial education settings has been questioned by the South African Government as they see occupational therapy as a costly service and thus has challenged occupational therapy clinicians’ approach to assessment. This study was undertaken to establish whether the results of standardised tests of visual perception skills, relate to teachers’ observations in respect of primary remedial school age children (six to eleven years) attending a short term remedial school because of low scholastic achievement despite having average or above intellectual ability. The Test of Visual Perceptual Skills – Revised, the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2, the Jordan Left-Right reversals Test and a teacher check list as the only teacher observation source, were used. Scores on the visual perceptual tests and the teacher check list ratings were compared using Spearman’s rho coefficient. The overall scores on the visual perceptual tests and teachers’ observations were found to be related; however this was often not the case between the subscales of the visual perceptual tests and the teacher check list. The check list may be a valuable tool in identifying children with visual perceptual difficulties but further development and standardisation is required to establish it as a valid, cost-effective measure of visual perception for use in schools where there is a limit on occupational therapy time.

Published
2010

227. Littoral Battlespace Characterization Using Small Unmanned Aerial Systems

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOSCIENCES DIV, Holland, K. T., Lalejini, D., Plavnick, K., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOSCIENCES DIV, Holland, K. T., Lalejini, D., and Plavnick, K.

Abstract

Few environmental regions are as dynamic as the littoral, where dramatic changes in winds, waves, and bathymetry can occur over timescales as short as a few hours. A long-term goal for the Littoral Dynamics Team within the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is to extract littoral meteorological and oceanographic (METOC) conditions from intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) imagery collected by either space or airborne platforms in near real time. Our most recent efforts have focused on developing capability to provide actionable battlespace awareness for amphibious operations through the analysis of motion imagery from Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (SUAS). These systems are relatively inexpensive and are widely used within the Department of Defense., NRL Review, p206-207, 2009.

Published
2009

228. Thermal Diffusivity and Strength of Tidal Flat Sediments During a Tidal Simulation

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Reed, Allen H., Miselis, Jennifer L., Holland, K. T., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Reed, Allen H., Miselis, Jennifer L., and Holland, K. T.

Abstract

Coastal margins and tidal flat sediment systems are some of the most complex, heterogeneous and energetically dynamic regions on earth. Tidal flats are repositories of terrigenous and biogenous sediments that are shaped by tides, waves and storms and utilized by birds and benthic organisms. They often lie adjacent to rivers that enable inland passage for ships and access to spawning grounds for fish. As such, they are subject to numerous anthropogenic effects, such as fishing, clamming, beach combing, and automobile traffic. Depending on their morphology and tidal range and periodicity, tidal flats are inundated or exposed for variable amounts of time and over widely different areas. To better understand the properties and distribution of the sediments within this setting, an ongoing study is being conducted to determine the relationship between thermal and geotechnical properties of tidal flat sediments. Our specific objectives are: (1) to determine how to assess thermal properties of laboratory-simulated tidal flat sediments and (2) to assess the relationship between sediment composition and undrained shear strength. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to remotely predict tidal flat trafficability (humans or vehicles) from the temperature signature. To understand how mineralogy influences thermal properties of sediments, several sediment types were tested. To simulate the heterogeneity of the tidal flat, a range of sand-clay mixtures was evaluated. The sand-clay percentages in these mixtures ranged from 100:0 to 0:100 with fractional percentages decremented or incremented by 10 or 20 % until all possible sediment mixtures were achieved. Though more complicated scenarios can be simulated, the initial experiments only considered fully saturated sediments. Each sediment tested was exposed to a heat lamp and the resulting temperature gradient was measured every two centimeters with a vertical thermistor array., Presented at the MTS/IEEE Oceans '09 Conference held in Biloxi, Mississippi on 26-29 October, 2009. Published in the Proceedings of the MTS/IEEE Oceans '09 Conference, 2009. The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white.

Published
2009

229. The Effect of Bathymetric Filtering on Nearshore Process Model Results

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Plant, Nathiel G., Edwards, Kacey L., Kaihatu, James M., Veeramony, Jayaram, Hsu, Larry, Holland, K. T., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Plant, Nathiel G., Edwards, Kacey L., Kaihatu, James M., Veeramony, Jayaram, Hsu, Larry, and Holland, K. T.

Abstract

Nearshore wave and flow model results are shown to exhibit a strong sensitivity to the resolution of the input bathymetry. In this analysis, bathymetric resolution was varied by applying smoothing filters lo high-resolution survey data to produce a number of bathymetric grid surfaces. We demonstrate that the sensitivity of model-predicted wave height and flow to variations in bathymetric resolution had different characteristics. Wave height predictions were most sensitive to resolution of cross-shore variability associated with the structure of nearshore sandbars. Flow predictions were most sensitive to the resolution of intermediate scale alongshore variability associated with the prominent sandbar rhythmicity. Flow sensitivity increased in cases where a sandbar was closer to shore and shallower. Perhaps the most surprising implication of these results is that the interpolation and smoothing of bathymetric data could be optimized differently for the wave and flow models. We show that errors between observed and modeled flow and wave heights are well predicted by comparing model simulation results using projessively tillered bathymetry to results from the highest resolution simulation. The damage done by over smoothing or inadequate sampling can therefore be estimated using model simulations. We conclude that the ability to quantify prediction errors will be useful for supporting future data assimilation efforts that require this information., The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white. Pub. in Coastal Engineering, v56 p484-493, 2009.

Published
2009

230. Characterization of a Mud Deposit Offshore of the Patos Lagoon, Southern Brazil

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOACOUSTICS DIV, Reed, Allen H., Faas, Richard W., Allison, Mead A., Calliari, Lauro J., Holland, K. T., O'Reilly, S. E., Vaughan, W. C., Alves, A., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOACOUSTICS DIV, Reed, Allen H., Faas, Richard W., Allison, Mead A., Calliari, Lauro J., Holland, K. T., O'Reilly, S. E., Vaughan, W. C., and Alves, A.

Abstract

Rapid deposition of mud on the beach along the shoreface of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil dramatically influences the normal operations in the littoral zone. In the surf zone, fluid and suspended mud opposes water-wave movement and dissipates water-wave energy; on the beach, mud limits trafficability. As part of a multinational, multidisciplinary program to evaluate the influence of mud strength, density and viscosity on water-wave attenuation, sediments were evaluated in situ or collected for evaluation from an area offshore of Cassino Beach, slightly south of the Patos Lagoon mouth. Shear strength of deposited sediments ranged from 0.6 kPa at the seafloor to 3.4 kPa at ~1 m below the seafloor. Mud sediments were also collected to simulate the in situ response of fluid mud to shear stresses. For this determination, rheological evaluations were made using a strain-controlled Couette viscometer on numerous remixed samples that ranged in density from 1.05 to 1.30 g/cm3. It was determined that this mud is a non-ideal Bingham material in that it has a true initial yield stress as well as a upper Bingham., Pub. in Continental Shelf Research, v29 p597-608, 2009.

Published
2009

231. A Study of Dissipation of Wind-Waves by Mud as Cassino Beach, Brazil: Prediction and Inversion

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Rogers, W. E., Holland, K. T., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Rogers, W. E., and Holland, K. T.

Abstract

The impact of a non-rigid seafloor on the wave climate at Cassino Beach, Brazil, May-June 2005 is studied using field measurements and a numerical wavemodel. The measurements consist of wave data at four locations; rheology and mud thickness from grab samples; and an estimate of the horizontal distribution of mud based on echo-soundings. The dissipation of waves by a non-rigid bottom is represented in the wave model by treating the mud layer as a viscous fluid. Applied for 431 time periods, the model without this type of dissipation has a strong tendency to overpredict nearshore wave energy, except during a period of large storm waves. Two model variations which include this dissipation have a modest tendency to underpredict the nearshore wave energy. An inversion methodology is developed and applied to infer an alternate mud distribution which, when used with the wave model, yields the observed waveheights., Published in Continental Shelf Research, v29 p676-690, 2009. The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white.

Published
2009

232. Postpsychiatry in the Australian media: The ‘vulnerable’ talk back

Author

Holland, K., Blood, R. W., Pirkis, J., Dare, A., Holland, K., Blood, R. W., Pirkis, J., and Dare, A.

Abstract

This article takes as its point of departure increasing resistance to the biomedical model of mental illness and psychiatry’s claims to knowledge, which underpin the main tenets of mental illness and suicide resource kits and guidelines for protecting the ‘vulnerable’. Newly emerging work within ‘postpsychiatry’ and the activism of the psychiatric consumer/survivor/ex‑patient movement provides the framework for our analysis. These perspectives read psychiatry ‘against the grain’ and ‘talk back’. In the realm of media studies, taking heed of these perspectives may involve moving away from the assumption that people diagnosed with a mental illness are the passive and vulnerable recipients of ‘negative’ media coverage and, instead, recognising them as active audience members, media participants and critics. The article identifies examples from the Australian media that show some of the ways in which people are talking back and drawing attention to discursive struggles in the mental health field.

Published
2009

238. Behavior of a Large Cylinder in Free-Fall Through Water

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOACOUSTICS DIV, Abelev, Andrei V., Valent, Philip J., Holland, K. T., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOACOUSTICS DIV, Abelev, Andrei V., Valent, Philip J., and Holland, K. T.

Abstract

This paper presents results of experimental deployment of a large instrumented cylinder of variable nose geometry and center of mass offset (CMO) in free-fall in realistic environment. Data on four tests series in the Gulf of Mexico are presented and analyzed statistically. The stochastic nature of the problem of the cylinder free-falling through water is outlined and described as an input to the subsequent impact burial prediction package. Significance of the CMO on the behavior of the cylinder is underlined. Influence of the release conditions on trajectory is discussed and found to affect the behavior of the cylinders only in the first 3.5 m of free-fall in water. Beyond this depth, quasi-stable (in the mean sense) conditions are achieved. Effects of three different nose shapes-blunt, hemispherical, and chamfered-on cylinder behavior are analyzed and found to have a pronounced influence on the fall trajectory. The blunt nose shape appears to be hydrodynamically most stable in free-fall. Apparent periodicity in motions of all cylinders were noted and were found to be the function of the CMO and nose shape primarily. Implications of these and other findings on modeling and impact burial predictions are discussed., Published in the IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, v32 n1 p10-20, January 2007. The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white. Sponsored in part by the Office of Naval Research.

Published
2007

239. A Model for the Propagation of Nonlinear Surface Waves over Viscous Muds

Author

TEXAS A AND M UNIV COLLEGE STATION DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, Kaihatu, James M., Sheremet, Alexandru, Holland, K. T., TEXAS A AND M UNIV COLLEGE STATION DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, Kaihatu, James M., Sheremet, Alexandru, and Holland, K. T.

Abstract

The effect of a thin viscous fluid -mud layer on nearshore nonlinear wave -wave interactions is studied using a parabolic frequency-domain nonlinear wave model, modified to incorporate a bottom dissipation mechanism based on a viscous boundary layer approach. The boundary-layer formulation allows for explicit calculation of the mud-induced wave damping rate. The model performed well in tests based on laboratory data. Numerical tests show that damping of high frequency waves occurs, mediated by "difference" nonlinear interactions. Simulations of 2-dimensional wave propagation over a mud "patch" of finite extent show that the wave dissipation causes significant downwave diffraction effects., Published in Coastal Engineering, v54 p752-764, 2007.

Published
2007

240. Forecasting and Hindcasting Waves With the SWAN Model in the Southern California Bight

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Rogers, W. E., Kaihatu, James M., Hsu, Larry, Jensen, Robert E., Dykes, James D., Holland, K. T., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Rogers, W. E., Kaihatu, James M., Hsu, Larry, Jensen, Robert E., Dykes, James D., and Holland, K. T.

Abstract

The Naval Research Laboratory created a wave forecasting system in support of the Nearshore Canyon Experiment (NCEX) field program. The outer nest of this prediction system encompassed the Southern California Bight. This forecasting system is described in this paper, with analysis of results via comparison to the extensive buoy network in the region. There are a number of potential errors, two of which are poor resolution of islands in the Bight - which have a strong impact on nearshore wave climate and the use of the stationary assumption for computations. These two problems have straightforward solutions, but the solutions are computationally expensive, so an operational user must carefully consider their cost. The authors study the impact of these two types of error (relative to other errors, such as error in boundary forcing) using several hindcasts performed after the completion of NCEX. It is found that, with buoy observations as ground truth, the stationary assumption leads to a modest increase in root-mean-square error; this is due to relatively poor prediction of the timing of swell arrivals and local sea growth/decay. The model results are found to be sensitive to the resolution of islands; however, coarse resolution does not incur an appreciable penalty in terms of error statistics computed via comparison to buoy observations, suggesting that other errors dominate., Published in Coastal Engineering, v54 p1-15, 2007. The original document contains color images.

Published
2007

241. Satellite-linked acoustic receivers to observe behavior of fish in remote areas

Author

Dagorn, L, Pincock, D, Girard, C, Holland, K, Taquet, Marc, Sancho, G, Itano, D, Aumeeruddy, R, Dagorn, L, Pincock, D, Girard, C, Holland, K, Taquet, Marc, Sancho, G, Itano, D, and Aumeeruddy, R

Abstract

Automated acoustic receivers are now widely used by biologists to study the behavior of fish. However, currently available acoustic receivers require physical recovery of the units to download stored data. Such operation is often difficult in remote study areas like in the open ocean. We present a new satellite-linked acoustic receiver (Vemco VR3-Argos) that allows downloading data through a satellite uplink (Argos). The VR3-Argos can last up to one year, sending GPS positions and tag data at regular time intervals. We illustrate the advantages of this new technology with tagging data from 121 fish of seven species (yellowfin tuna, bigeye tuna, skipjack tuna, wahoo, dolphinfish, silky shark and oceanic triggerfish) caught and released around drifting fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the Western Indian Ocean, far from any land. In opposition with the classic acoustic receivers (Vemco VR2), the use of VR3-Argos allowed to collect data for several weeks after leaving the drifting FADs. Maximum residence times of 3 days for bigeye tuna, 7 days for skipjack, 8 days for wahoo, 10 days for silky shark and 15 days for yellowfin tuna, dolphinfish and oceanic triggerfish could be recorded. VR2 and VR3-Argos are equivalent in terms of quality of residence times data, however depth data obtained through satellites are aggregated in 8 classes for compression purposes, which leads to a loss of precision available with raw data. Future directions of this technology are discussed.

Published
2007
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243. Nearshore Sediment Transport Modeling: Collaborative Studies with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Slinn, Donald N, Calantoni, Joseph, Holland, K T, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Slinn, Donald N, Calantoni, Joseph, and Holland, K T

Abstract

The goals of this work are to obtain better understanding of sediment mobilization, transport, and deposition across the wave bottom-boundary layers (WBBL) in the surf and swash zones and to improve predictive capabilities for bed load and suspended sediment transport as a function of environmental parameters, including wave heights, breaker characteristics, sediment properties, beach slope, bottom roughness, local water depth, wave frequency spectra, and the presence of low frequency circulations such as along shore currents and undertow., Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville. The original document contains color images.

Published
2005

244. Discrete Particle Model for Surf Zone Sediment Transport

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOSCIENCES DIV, Calantoni, J., Holland, K. T., Drake, T. G., NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS MARINE GEOSCIENCES DIV, Calantoni, J., Holland, K. T., and Drake, T. G.

Abstract

Sediment transport in nearshore wave bottom boundary layers drives coastal geomorphologic change and can result in bathymetric changes of more than a meter in as little as a few hours, particularly in the region where waves are breaking. Predicting the evolution of surf zone bathymetry is of significant importance, with economic, legal, engineering, scientific, and military implications. Most formulae for predicting sediment transport in surf zone subsume the smallest scale physics of the phenomena by parameterizing interactions between grains. In contrast, computer simulations can be performed to directly model the collective and individual motions of sediment grains immersed in fluid. This type of simulation, known as a Discrete Particle Model (DPM), is a cutting-edge research tool that is being used and further developed at NRL for studying nearshore sediment transport. In addition to sediment transport, such models, based on molecular dynamics, have a broad range of applications. For example, the DPM described here has been used to study objects impacting sediments and the formation of geologic faults. As well, similar models have been applied to traffic flow, schooling fish, crowd control, and other problems in which the particulate nature of the phenomena is of critical importance., Published in the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Review, p183-185, 2005.

Published
2005

245. Sinks for nitrogen inputs in terrestrial ecosystems: a meta‐analysis of 15N tracer field studies

Author

Templer, P. H., primary, Mack, M. C., additional, III, F. S. Chapin, additional, Christenson, L. M., additional, Compton, J. E., additional, Crook, H. D., additional, Currie, W. S., additional, Curtis, C. J., additional, Dail, D. B., additional, D'Antonio, C. M., additional, Emmett, B. A., additional, Epstein, H. E., additional, Goodale, C. L., additional, Gundersen, P, additional, Hobbie, S. E., additional, Holland, K, additional, Hooper, D. U., additional, Hungate, B. A., additional, Lamontagne, S, additional, Nadelhoffer, K. J., additional, Osenberg, C. W., additional, Perakis, S. S., additional, Schleppi, P, additional, Schimel, J, additional, Schmidt, I. K., additional, Sommerkorn, M, additional, Spoelstra, J, additional, Tietema, A, additional, Wessel, W. W., additional, and Zak, D. R., additional

Published
2012
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