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Binding contracts arise from identical declarations of intent. When one party has made an offer and another party has made an acceptance, a contract has been formed. The offer must be binding and the acceptance must be qualified and submitted within the stipulated period for acceptance. If this is not the case, it may be a situation that generates a duty to reply. The duty to reply means that a party must notify their counterparty of the fact that there has been a misunderstanding regarding the existence of the contract and if the party fails to do so, it will be bound by the contract as understood by the other party, despite its passivity. The rules on the duty to reply express the principles of loyalty and vigilance. Together, these principles aim to ensure that a party looks after its own interests as well as those of its counterparty by being loyal and vigilant. Both principles place higher demands on juridical persons than on a neutral person, which leads one to speculate whether the rules regarding the duty to reply should also place higher demands on such stronger parties. Using the method of legal dogmatics, including critical legal dogmatics, and based on the aforementioned principles, this paper clarifies questions about when the duty to reply arises and whether the rules apply differently depending on the strength of the parties. The investigation shows that the duty to reply arises for all parties that fulfill the two subjective requisites, but that situations where the requisites are considered to be fulfilled may differ. A purposive interpretation based on the principles would imply that stronger parties are subject to higher requirements in order to fulfill their duty of loyalty and duty of vigilance. Opinions differ as to whether this is the case and to what extent the requirements are higher. Furthermore, it is argued that the position of the parties ought not to be the deciding factor in determining which party is seen as the strongest, but rather, Avtalsbundenhet uppstår genom likalydande viljeförklaringar. När en part har givit ett anbud och en annan part en accept, har ett avtal kommit till stånd. Anbudet ska vara bindande och accepten ska vara ren och lämnas inom acceptfristen. Är så inte fallet kan det vara fråga om en sådan situation som genererar svarsplikt. Svarsplikt innebär att en part måste uppmärksamma sin motpart på att ett missförstånd har skett avseende avtalsbundenheten och om parten underlåter att göra det så blir den bunden till avtalet såsom motparten har förstått det, trots sin passivitet. Reglerna om svarsplikt ger uttryck för principerna om lojalitet och vigilans. Principerna syftar gemensamt till att säkerställa att en part tar vara på såväl sina egna intressen som sin motparts genom att vara lojal och vigilant. Båda principerna ställer högre krav på näringsidkare än på privatpersoner, varpå en kan spekulera kring ifall även reglerna om svarsplikt borde ställa högre krav på sådana starkare parter. Med hjälp av rättsdogmatisk, och däribland kritisk rättsdogmatisk, metod och med avstamp i de ovan nämnda principerna reder uppsatsen ut frågor kring när svarsplikt uppkommer och ifall reglerna gäller olika beroende på partsställning. Utredningen visar att svarsplikt uppkommer för samtliga parter om det dubbla insiktsrekvisitet uppfylls, men att situationer då rekvisitet anses uppfyllt kan skilja sig åt. En ändamålstolkning utifrån principerna skulle innebära att starkare parter åläggs högre krav för att uppfylla sin lojalitetsplikt och vigilansplikt. Om så är fallet och i vilken mån kraven är högre, råder det olika åsikter om. Vidare framförs att det inte ska vara just partsställningen som är avgörande för vilken part som ska ses som starkast, utan snarare kompetensen hos respektive part. Uppsatsen mynnar slutligen ut i ett resonemang de lege ferenda om hur reglerna om svarsplikt, och därmed även avtalsbundenhet via passivitet, bör vara utformade. Avstamp tas även här i lojalitetsprincipen och

Objective To describe who seeks care and for what reasons at a nurse-led primary healthcare walk-in center in an immigrant-dense area. Studies evaluating the use of nurse-led walk-in centers in primary healthcare, emphasizing migrants, are limited. Due to language difficulties and a healthcare system based on telephone consultations, access to care is limited/problematic for the care seeker and the healthcare provider. The center aims to provide migrants and Swedish-born persons equal access to primary healthcare. Care was integrated into a healthcare center with a multi-professional environment, offering Arabic and Somali interpreters. Design Cross-sectional descriptive registry study. Sample All consecutive patients visiting during 1-month. Results Most individuals (70%) seeking care at the nurse-led walk-in center were non-European migrants from Syria, Iraq and Somalia, but Swedish-born persons (30%) also consulted the clinic. Women, middle-aged, and lower-educated patients dominated. Reasons for seeking care included different kinds of pain, ear/nose/throat issues, and skin problems. Migrants prioritized non-specific pain and dizziness/headaches, while Swedes sought help primarily for upper respiratory tract infections. About 25% of the migrants needed interpreters, mostly females. Conclusion The nurse-led walk-in center provides accessible care in a multi-professional team, if needed, serving migrants and Swedish-born persons, promoting equal healthcare for all.

Snabbmatsrestauranger har svårt att hålla en bra lagerstyrning på grund av föråldrade inventeringsmetoder. Där manuell inventering sker varje dag för att kontrollera vad som finns i lager. Detta är en tidskrävande process som kräver arbetskraft att utföra. Det uppstår ofta fel i lagersaldo på grund av manuell kontroll, då det handlar om många varor på en liten yta och med en hög lageromsättningshastighet. I andra lagermiljöer används vägning som inventeringsmetod för att underlätta lagerstyrningen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om vägningen är en lämplig metod för att kontrollera lagersaldo i små manuella lager med hög omsättningshastighet hos snabbmatsrestauranger. En empirisk studie genomfördes i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Två snabbmatsrestauranger var inblandade, där fyra personer intervjuades, alla respondenterna jobbade inom forskningsområdets specifika lagermiljö och har hand om lagerstyrningen för dessa lager. Två forskningsfrågor besvarades utifrån intervjuerna, vilket bidrog till att uppfylla syftet med studien. En innehållsanalys utfördes på den empiriska datan som samlades in från intervjuerna, för att underlätta bearbetningen av datan och få ut information som kan besvara forskningsfrågorna och syftet med studien. Tidigare forskning visar att vägning är en användbar metod för att kontrollera lagersaldo. Den empiriska studien gav en bättre uppfattning om tekniken skulle kunna användas i små manuella lager med hög omsättningshastighet hos snabbmatsrestauranger. Där svarade respondenterna att denna lagermiljö inte är anpassad för att kunna införa ett fungerande vägningssystem som kan ge ett korrekt lagersaldo. Då det finns många hinder som kan uppstå med att implementera ett fungerande vägningssystem. Ett hinder är att det förvaras många olika artiklar i lagret på en liten yta, vilket leder till problem vid vägningen av varorna. Att det skulle vara svårt att kunna urskilja alla olika artiklar och få ett korrekt vägningsresultat. Ur int, Today, fast food restaurants find it difficult to maintain good inventory management due to outdated inventory methods. Where manual inventory takes place every day to check what is in stock. This is a time-consuming process that requires manpower to perform. There are often errors in the stock balance due to manual control, as it involves many goods in a small area and with a high stock turnover rate. In other warehouse environments, weighing is used as an inventory method to facilitate inventory control. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether weighing is a suitable method for controlling inventory balance in small manual warehouses with high turnover rates in the fast foodindustry. An empirical study was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews. Two fast food restaurants were involved, where four people were interviewed and all the respondents worked within the specific warehouse environment of the research area and are in charge of inventory control for these warehouses. Two research questions were answered based on the interviews, which contributed to fulfilling the purpose of the study. A content analysis was performed on the empirical data collected from the interviews. To facilitate the processing of the data and obtain information that can answer the research questions and the purpose of the study. Previous research shows that weighing is a useful method of controlling inventory balance. The empirical study gave a better idea of whether the technology could be used in small manual warehouses with a high turnover rate. There, the respondents answered that this warehouse environment is not necessarily adapted to be able to introduce a functioning weighing system that can provide an accurate inventory balance. As there are many obstacles that can arise in implementing a functioning weighing system. An obstacle is that many different articles are stored in the warehouse on a small surface, which leads to problems when weighing the goods.

Background – Infrastructure connects a society through both physical and social structures. For a long time, there has been underinvestment in physical infrastructure, resulting in a significant infrastructure debt. Managing this debt and challenges of aging infrastructure with limited resources, requires well-defined management strategies. Asset management, which involves realizing value from assets through coordinated actions, can help minimize risks and manage costs. Although digital technologies have the potential to improve infrastructure management, they are not yet fully utilized. There is a lack of understanding of which information can be digitized and which tools are useful. Purpose – The study's purpose was to investigate the benefits of a transition to digital and predictive asset management and maintenance methods for complex road tunnels. And also, what it means for a management organization. Method – Asset management and maintenance strategies were analyzed within a management organization for complex road tunnels, conducted as a case study. Twelve respondents were interviewed to answer the study's purpose, supplemented by a document analysis. The case for the study consisted of complex road tunnels such as Norra Länken, Södra Länken, and Förbifart Stockholm. To analyze the results, an analysis model based on ITO (Individual, Technology, and Organization) was used as it was considered suitable for the case and the organization on which the study was conducted. Results/Conclusions – The management organization currently follows a traditional model for asset management with strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Today's methods and maintenance strategies are both time-consuming and labor-intensive but also give rise to human errors and hinder efficient resource allocation. By using digital maintenance methods and predictive maintenance, opportunities are offered to streamline the maintenance process for complex road tunnels. However, this requires, Bakgrund – Infrastrukturen knyter samman ett samhälle genom både fysiska och sociala strukturer. Under en lång tid har det underinvesterats i den fysiska infrastrukturen vilket resulterat i en betydande infrastrukturskuld. För att hantera denna skuld och utmaningar med en åldrande infrastruktur med begränsade resurser, krävs väldefinierade förvaltningsstrategier. Tillgångsförvaltning, som innebär att realisera värde från tillgångar genom koordinerade åtgärder, kan bidra till att minimera risker och hantera kostnader. Även om digitala tekniker har potential att förbättra förvaltningen av infrastruktur, används de ännu inte fullt ut. Det finns en bristande förståelse för vilken information som kan digitaliseras och vilka verktyg som är användbara. Syfte – Studiens syfte var därav att undersöka vad en övergång till digitala så väl som prediktiva tillgångsförvaltnings- och underhållsmetoder för komplexa vägtunnlar har för fördelar. Samt även vad det innebär för en förvaltningsorganisation. Metod – Tillgångsförvaltnings- och underhållsstrategierna analyserades hos en förvaltningsorganisation för komplexa vägtunnlar och detta utfördes som en fallstudie. Tolv respondenter intervjuades för att kunna besvara studiens syfte och dessa intervjuer kompletterades med dokumentanalyser. Fallet för studien utgjordes av verkliga komplexa vägtunnlar såsom Norra Länken, Södra Länken och Förbifart Stockholm. För att analysera resultatet användes en analysmodell baserad på ITO (Individ, Teknologi och Organisation) då denna modell ansågs passande för fallet och organisationen som studien utfördes på. Resultat/Slutsatser – Förvaltningsorganisationen följer idag en traditionell modell för tillgångsförvaltning med strategiska, taktiska och operativa nivåer. Dagens metoder och underhållsstrategier är både tidskrävande och arbetsintensiva, men ger även upphov till mänskliga misstag och hindrar en effektiv resursallokering. Genom användandet av digitala underhållsmetoder och prediktivt underhål

Det är viktigt i längdskidåkning att skidan har ett noggrant utformat spann. En urfräsning i en längdskida för inkludering av ny teknik kommer ge ett vekare spann. För att motverka detta inkluderas ett spår vars material behöver bestämmas. Spårets material beror på materialet som fräses bort, vars materialdata identifieras med en numerisk iterativ parameterstudie samt en iterativ parameterstudie med finita elementmetoden. Parameterstudierna grundas i mätdata om nedböjningen i skidans balanspunkt för ett lastfall på 40kg och ett lastfall på 80kg. Nedböjningen mäts i skidan med och skidan utan spår vilket ger totalt fyra lastfall. Detta innebär att en förenkling av skidans tvärsnitt behöver ske för att nå en unik lösning. Resultatet är att spåret bör bestå av PAI armerat med 30% kolfiber med en elasticitetsmodul på 16,85 GPa. Det konstateras dock att för att nå en noggrannare lösning krävs fler lastfall så att tvärsnittet ej behöver förenklas. Denna felkälla innebär att det beräknade resultatet ger en högre styvhet än i verkligheten.

Successful forest regeneration is crucial for sustainable forest management. In boreal contexts, plantation forestry is notably used when natural regeneration is insufficient after harvesting or wildfires, but planted seedlings face various stresses on harvested sites, jeopardizing their survival and growth. Limited access to water, nutrients and light, plus exposure to pests, and diseases contribute to these stresses. Mechanical site preparation, disturbing the organic layer and upper mineral soil through techniques such as discing, mounding or inverting, is commonly used to mitigate post-planting stress. However, climate change, social interest in forest management, and the need to procure diverse ecosystem services require precise silviculture practices tailored to regional and local objectives. Our empirical research in boreal ecosystems of North America and Scandinavia reveals intricate interactions affecting seedling establishment after reforestation. For instance, in boreal Quebec, Canada, successful conifer seedling establishment depends on regional precipitation, temperature, and interactions with soil characteristics and microsite conditions. In Sweden, planting position within scarified sites significantly influences conifer seedling survival, but effects vary with soil moisture. Long-term silviculture studies also demonstrate the importance of early treatments for stand productivity. For example, mechanical site preparation significantly enhances seedling growth and survival, impacting sapling growth even after 18 years in boreal Quebec. We have observed that seedlings planted in scarified plots show improved water use efficiency compared to control plots. Also, we have shown that site preparation effects on standing volume and density persist for at least 30 years in Sweden. In conclusion, our empirical studies with Pinus and Picea species across multiple sites in Canada and Sweden highlight the absence of a universal solution for regeneration success i

Bakgrund: Akutsjuksköterskor beskriver att det är en utmaning att mötapatienters olika behov vid akut omhändertagande, då mycket sker parallellt.Kunskap om patienters erfarenheter kan eventuellt identifiera faktorer sommöjliggör god omvårdnad vid akut omhändertagande av patienter i sambandmed trauma.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av akutomhändertagande på akutmottagning vid trauma.Metod: Integrativ litteraturstudie med systematisk sökning och deskriptivdesign enligt Whittemore och Knafl. Systematisk sökning utfördes i tredatabaser: PubMed, Cinahl och PsycInfo.Resultat: Tre huvudteman och sju subteman identifierades: betydelsen av;vårdrelationen, fysiska faktorer och existentiella behov. Respektive subtemanvar; kommunikation och information, vårdpersonalens kompetens,vårdpersonalens närvaro, att få sina grundläggande fysiska behovtillgodosedda, undersökningar och behandlingar, att känna sig sedd och hördoch att känna sig rädd.Slutsats: Patienter rapporterar både positiva och negativa erfarenheter avakut omhändertagande vid trauma. Delaktighet och kommunikation ärfaktorer som indikerar förbättrad vårdkvalitet. Det är väsentligt attakutsjuksköterskor på akutmottagning ser hela människan och inte enbartskadan som patienter inkommer med., Background: Emergency nurses describe that it is a challenge to meet thedifferent needs of patients during emergency care, as a lot happens inparallel. Knowledge of patients’ experiences can possibly identify factorsthat enable good nursing during emergency care of patients, in connectionwith trauma.Aim: The aim of the study was to describe patients’ experiences ofemergency care in emergency department for trauma.Method: Integrative literature study with systematic search and descriptivedesign according to Whittemore and Knafl. Systematic search was performedin three databases: PubMed, Cinahl and PsycInfo.Result: Three main themes and seven subthemes were identified: theimportance of: the care relationship, physical factors and existential needs.Respective subthemes were; communication and information, thecompetence of the healthcare staff, the presence of the healthcare staff,having their basic physical needs met, examinations and treatments, feelingseen and heard and feeling scared.Conclusion: Patients report both positive and negative experiences of acutetrauma care. Participation and communication are factors that indicateimproved quality of care. It is essential that emergency nurses in theemergency department see the whole person and not just the injury thatpatients come in with.

The overarching purpose of this study is to show in what ways the novel Clèves (2011) by Marie Darrieussecq can be read as an inverted version of Marie-Madeleine de Lafayette’s novel La Princesse de Clèves (1678). The theoretical frame is mainly based on various historical, psychoanalytic, and feminist perspectives of love such as Julia Kristeva’s theory of idealization as opposed to abjection, Eva Illouz and her sociological analysis of love. In addition, I also refer to some other historical perspective on love as well as to Hélène Cixous’ assessment of women’s writing in a patriarchal or phallogocentric tradition. Through a comparative analysis, the study highlights how the seventeenth century novel’s depiction of love without sex has a counterpart in the contemporary novel’s depiction of sex without love. However, the study also demonstrates similarities such as the limitation of the female protagonists in both novels, and the love triangles that are largely characterized by the opposition between speaking and remaining silent, where the driving force is a narcissistic suitor or lover. The conclusion is that the inversion of the love theme in Darrieussecq’s novel can be seen as the other side of the same coin regarding young women’s difficulties in a patriarchal tradition.Keywords

Non-exhaust sources, such as brakes, tyres, roads, and clutches, emit a large portion of airborne particles in road transportation, from ultrafine to coarse sizes. While airborne wear particle emissions from brakes and road-tyre contacts have been studied extensively, emissions from clutches have been overlooked. A preliminary study using a novel test rig has indicated that dry clutches also emit airborne wear particles. This paper presents a multi-method for the assessment of ultrafine particles from dry clutches regarding the number concentration, size distribution and chemical composition. The results show that ultrafine particles are emitted both during run-in and at the steady state, featuring a bi-modal size distribution. Elementary analysis shows that the particles consist of several elements, predominately iron, silicon, and sulfur. It can be concluded from this study that ultrafine particles are always generated when the clutch is operated. Clutches in automobiles are shown to produce ultrafine particles, consisting of several metallic elements, which become airborne., QC 20240408

Alla bär ett ansvar att arbeta för att minska vårt klimatavtryck. Ingen enskild aktör är ensamtansvarig, däremot pekas byggsektorn ut som den sektor som producerar mest växthusgaser. Attförlänga en byggnads livslängd och minska resursutnyttjandet är ett sätt att minska utsläppen ochsamtidigt värna om kulturarvet. Syftet med denna studie är att studera olika aktörers perspektiv påbevarande för att därefter ställa dem i relation till varandra. Insamlingen av empirin har utgåttutifrån en induktiv ansats som bestått av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Tillsammansmed teorier kring hållbar urbanism, platsidentitet och industriella kulturarvet som koncept harutmaningar och förutsättningar för bevarande kunnat fastställas. Studien mynnar ut i en diskussionkring centrala faktorer inom hållbar urbanism och pekar på att det finns olika förutsättningar ochincitament för aktörer att arbeta med bevarande. Kunskapsluckan som studien fyller är vikten attvärna om sociala och kulturella värden i planeringen., Everyone has a duty to reduce our carbon footprint. No actor is solely responsible, however, thebuilt environment sector is one of the largest polluters of greenhouse gasses. By prolonging abuilding’s lifespan and minimizing the exploitation of resources, it is possible to reduce emissionswhile also preserving our cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper is to study different actors'perspectives on conservation in order to subsequently put them in relation to each other. Theempirical data was collected with an inductive approach by semi-structured interviews. Togetherwith theories around sustainable urbanism, place identity and the industrial heritage as a concept,has challenges and requirements for conservation been defined. The study resolves into adiscussion around central factors within sustainable urbanism and shows the different conditionsand incentives for actors to work with conservation. The study aims to demonstrate the importanceof social and cultural values in planning.

The planning and management of urban areas have traditionally been perceived mainly from a daytime perspective, often overlooking the night-time in cities. However, recent years have witnessed a growing recognition of the urban night as an important consideration in promoting urban sustainability. Despite the emerging field of night-time planning and governance, our understanding of how the night-time is planned and managed across cities remains limited. This study sheds light on the context of Stockholm, through a case study of its central 'City' area. Based on qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and the analysis of strategic documents, it explores prevailing approaches and strategies, as well as challenges and opportunities associated with planning and managing the area’s nocturnal environments - from a social sustainability perspective. Findings indicate that night-time receives relatively limited attention in the local planning and governance. However, an emerging focus on certain night-time aspects is observed, mainly concerning safety, and promoting the entertainment sector of the night-time economy. Key challenges identified are a daytime bias in planning, inadequate tools and data for understanding nocturnal experiences, and the significant role of private property owners in shaping the area’s nocturnal environments. Additionally, the study echoes previous scholars’ calls for adopting a broader perspective on the urban night to ensure inclusivity and quality of life for all urban dwellers. Achieving a balance between economic and social interests at night would require concerted efforts from both public and private stakeholders, alongside the inclusion of multiple voices. Consequently, the study emphasises the need for explicit and permanent nocturnal planning and governance structures to navigate the complexities of urban nocturnal dynamics, particularly considering Stockholm's population growth and changes to broader societal dynamics such as glob

Bakgrund: Begreppet artificiell intelligens blev först känt av allmänheten år 1997 när en dator slog världsmästaren Garry Kasparov i ett parti schack, sedan dess har AI-tekniken utvecklats i rask takt. Fördelarna med AI som arbetsredskap har upptäckts av redovisning- och revisionsbranschen, som nu står inför stora förändringar. Integreringen av AI innebär inte enbart fördelar, utan kommer även med hinder som behöver beaktas. Syfte: Hur använder sig mindre redovisnings- och revisionsföretag av AI och kan de se hinder med att använda AI i beslutsprocessen, i så fall vilka? Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Genom att ta del av tidigare forskning fann vi att de stora aktörerna inom redovisnings- och revisionsbranschen redan använder sig av artificiell intelligens. Däremot saknas kunskap i hur långt de mindre aktörerna kommit i integreringen av AI. För att svara upp till detta kunskapsgap genomfördes 13 semistrukturerade intervjuer med mindre redovisnings- och revisionsföretag. Studien redogör för hur mindre redovisnings- och revisionsföretag använder sig av artificiell intelligens och för vilka hinder som uppstår i att integrerar AI inom beslutsprocessen. Vi har identifierat en rad faktorer som utgör detta hinder, där de primära faktorerna är brist på tillit, rädsla för att förlora kontroll, samt brist på kunskap om hur artificiell intelligens kan bidra till det dagliga arbetet. Med studiens genomförande identifierades oavsiktligt att respondenterna tycker sig vänta på att AI-tekniken ska utvecklas, oavsett om de erhöll ett positivt eller negativt förhållningssätt mot tekniken.

The purpose of this study is to critically examine discourses in YouTube videos and comments about sexual content on OnlyFans. It focuses on how these discourses reflect gender and power inequalities and potentially contribute to the normalization of selling sexual content. Using feminist critical discourse analysis, we identify three discourses concerning sexual content: the discourse of prostitution, the discourse of the anti-social female influencer and a dominant neoliberal discourse that runs throughout the material. Our findings highlight that women who sell sexual content are stigmatized and blamed, which can contribute to the normalization of gender inequality. The study indicates that commentators value traditional gender roles, thus perpetuating unequal relations of power. By separating sexual content on OnlyFans from prostitution, the discourses contribute to normalization of selling one's body on OnlyFans. Rather than acknowledging structural causes of the phenomenon, the blame and responsibility is placed upon the individual., Studiens syfte är att kritiskt undersöka diskurser i YouTube videor och kommentarer om att sälja sexuellt material på OnlyFans. Studien fokuserar på hur dessa diskurser återspeglar ojämlika genus- och maktförhållanden och eventuellt bidrar till en normalisering av att sälja sin kropp. Genom att använda feministisk kritisk diskursanalys har tre diskurser om försäljning av sexuellt material på OnlyFans identifierats: diskursen om prostitution, diskursen om normbrytande kvinna och den nyliberala diskursen som är den mest framträdande i materialet. Våra resultat understryker att kvinnorna som säljer sexuellt material stigmatiseras och skuldbeläggs, vilket kan bidra till normalisering av ojämlikhet mellan könen. Studien visar att personer i kommentarsfälten värderar traditionella könsroller och därigenom upprätthåller ojämlika maktrelationer. Genom att skilja på försäljning av sexuellt material på OnlyFans från prostitution bidrar diskurserna till normalisering av att sälja sin kropp på OnlyFans. I stället för att erkänna de strukturella orsakerna till fenomenet, läggs skulden och ansvaret på individen.

Reconfiguring Global Societies in the Pre-Vaccination Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic examines lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic in communities and societies around the world before the arrival of vaccines. This collection presents analyses of scholars from eight countries, all of whom were engaged in the unfolding crisis of social forces across the world. This timely volume conveys valuable insights about how public officials, the state, healthcare workers, and, ultimately, citizens responded to consequences of the pandemic upon not only the body but also social relations in community, city, and society. The contributing scholars document how state apparatuses, urban configurations, places of employment, legal structures, and ways of life responded to crisis-altered social conditions during the pandemic. The book investigates what societies experiencing crisis around the world reveal about the state’s efficacy and inefficacy in fulfilling its social contract for its citizens, especially on unresolved issues related to social relations based on politics, race, ethnicity, gender, and crime. This collection brings together a cross section of scholars experiencing the same temporal moment of crisis together, watching and observing how the pandemic of their age uncoiled itself into the fabric of community, onto the institutions and bureaucracies of society, and into the most intimate confines of the home.

Anthraquinone-based molecules are promising electroactive materials for use in aqueous organic flow batteries. At high concentrations in aqueous solutions, the well-known negolyte molecule anthraquinone disulfonic acid (AQDS) molecule has been observed to aggregate under near-neutral and acidic conditions. Aggregation has been hypothesized to be directly linked to observed concurrent capacity reduction. In this study, we investigated three different water-soluble anthraquinones in electrolytes of varying compositions and pH to gain further insight into the possible causes of capacity loss. We used low-field benchtop 1H-NMR and diffusion NMR measurements directly in non-deuterated aqueous flow-battery electrolytes to investigate molecular aggregation. Single-cell testing was performed under exhaustive electrolysis conditions to determine the number of electrons exchanged per molecule. We observed a decrease in the number of electrons exchanged per molecule in the presence of carbonate ions due to CO2 adduct formation. The aggregation constants were determined from both concentration-dependent chemical shifts and self-diffusion coefficients. We show that aggregation of the oxidized form of all three molecules studied here occurs under near-neutral and alkaline conditions and does not affect the number of accessible e-.

Indledning til Ingrid Hjelm: Artikler

Electro-oxidation is a way to utilize glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production, to produce fuels and feedstock chemicals for the chemical industry. A significant challenge is to get products with high selectivity, so it is desirable to understand the glycerol oxidation mechanisms in further detail. Using density functional theory calculations, we investigated possible glycerol oxidation intermediates on Pt(111) and Ag(111). We find that the different adsorption preferences of the intermediates on Pt (adsorption via carbon atoms) and Ag (adsorption via oxygen atoms) lead to different preferred reaction pathways, resulting in different products. The reaction pathways on both surfaces involve glyceraldehyde as a key intermediate; however, upon further oxidation, Pt(111) preferentially produces glyceric acid (CH2OH-CHOH-COOH), while on Ag(111) C-C bonds are broken, which leads to the production of glycolaldehyde and formic acid (CH2OH-CHO and HCOOH). These predictions agree well with the experimental outcome of the electro-oxidation of glycerol on Pt and Ag surfaces. Our study therefore provides useful insights for optimizing the selectivity of glycerol oxidation and improving the utilization of glycerol.

In order to support or refute the clinical suspicion of cranial giant cell arteritis (GCA), a supplemental imaging modality is often required. High-resolution black blood Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BB MRI) techniques with contrast enhancement can visualize artery wall inflammation in GCA. We compared findings on BB MRI without contrast enhancement with findings on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/low-dose computed tomography (2-[18F]FDG PET/CT) in ten patients suspected of having GCA and in five control subjects who had a 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT performed as a routine control for malignant melanoma. BB MRI was consistent with 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT in 10 out of 10 cases in the group with suspected GCA. In four out of five cases in the control group, the BB MRI was consistent with 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. In this small population, BB MRI without contrast enhancement shows promising performance in the diagnosis of GCA, and might be an applicable imaging modality in patients., In order to support or refute the clinical suspicion of cranial giant cell arteritis (GCA), a supplemental imaging modality is often required. High-resolution black blood Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BB MRI) techniques with contrast enhancement can visualize artery wall inflammation in GCA. We compared findings on BB MRI without contrast enhancement with findings on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/low-dose computed tomography (2-[18F]FDG PET/CT) in ten patients suspected of having GCA and in five control subjects who had a 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT performed as a routine control for malignant melanoma. BB MRI was consistent with 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT in 10 out of 10 cases in the group with suspected GCA. In four out of five cases in the control group, the BB MRI was consistent with 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. In this small population, BB MRI without contrast enhancement shows promising performance in the diagnosis of GCA, and might be an applicable imaging modality in patients.

Improving reactor performance of redox flow batteries is critical to reduce capital cost, and one of the main contributions to the internal resistance is generated by the electrodes, which also impact the pressure drop of the stack. Porous electrodes with optimized microstructure and physiochemical properties play a key role in enhancing electrochemical and fluid dynamic performance. Electrode compression significantly impacts morphology and battery behavior, but the relationship between microstructure and performance remains unclear. In the present study, three representative, commercially available, carbon-fiber electrodes (i.e., paper, felt, and cloth) with distinct microstructures were investigated, and a comprehensive study was conducted to compare morphology, hydraulic permeability, mechanical behavior, electrochemical performance in a lab-scale vanadium redox flow battery at compression ratios of 0%-50%. The 3D electrode morphology was characterized through X-ray computed tomography and the extracted microstructure parameters (e.g., surface area and tortuosity) were compared with corresponding electrochemically determined parameters. The optimal trade-off between fluid dynamics and electrochemical performance occurred at the compression ratios of 30%, 20%, and 20% for the felt, paper, and cloth, respectively. Owing to the bi-modal porosity of the woven microstructure, the cloth showed a better trade-off between the electrochemical performance and pressure drop than the other electrodes.

Recognizing the urgent need for further cost reduction to drive broad adoption of redox flow batteries, it is critical to improve the reactor performance. Improved performance leads to higher efficiency, potential for a decrease of the stack size, and reduced capital cost. As one of the main contributors to reactor internal resistance, porous electrodes with properly designed structures and optimized physicochemical properties offer a pathway to reduced voltage losses, including kinetic and concentration overpotentials. Recently, carbon cloth electrodes were explored in flow battery applications owing to their bimodal pore size distributions, which opens a potential opportunity for improved mass transport behavior. Although the unique woven structure of cloth provides flexibility in the electrode design, finding an optimal trade-off between abundant electrolyte penetration pathways and a high active surface area is still challenging. In the present study, we investigate a duallayer electrode configuration to meet the requirements of high active surface area and low mass transport resistance. A carbon cloth was placed close to the flow plate to serve as an electrolyte distributor to ensure efficient mass transport in a lateral flow-through configuration, and a carbon paper sub-layer was placed near the membrane to provide a high density of reaction sites. Overall, the results show that the proposed strategy is an effective way to achieve high electrochemical performance and low pressure drop. It can be regarded as a promising approach for boosting system efficiency.