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Patients with chronic kidney disease have a higher risk of fractures than the general population due to the added factor of uraemia. Although the mechanisms behind uraemia associated fractures are not fully understood, it is widely accepted that the decrease in bone mineral content and alteration in bone architecture both increase bone fragility. As chronic kidney disease progresses, the risk of fracture increases, especially once the patient requires dialysis. Among the many causes of the increased risk are advanced age, amenorrhoea, steroid exposure, decreased vitamin D, increased parathyroid hormone (PTH), malnutrition and chronic inflammation. Serum phosphorus, whether high or very low, seems to correlate with the risk of fracture. Moreover, increased serum phosphate is known to directly and indirectly affect bone metabolism through the development of adaptive hormonal mechanisms aimed at preventing hyperphosphataemia, such as the increase in PTH and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and the reduction in calcitriol. These adaptive mechanisms are less intense if the intestinal absorption of phosphorus is reduced with the use of phosphorus captors, which seem to have a positive impact in reducing the risk of fractures. We describe here the possible mechanisms associating serum phosphorus levels, the adaptive mechanisms typical in kidney disease and the use of drugs to control hyperphosphataemia with the risk of fractures. We found no studies in the literature providing evidence on the influence of different treatments on the risk of fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease. We suggest that control of phosphorus should be an objective to consider. (C) 2020 Sociedad Espanola de Nefrologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.

In the last three decades, childhood obesity has become a 21st century epidemic, a product of social development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the repercussions that overweight and obesity have for the basic motor skills of a group of children in primary school, as well as their interrelations. We analyzed a sample of 287 students from Spain, aged between 8 and 12 years. Anthropometric data were taken to determine their Body Mass Index (BMI). A scale of assessment of basic motor skills was used to evaluate their motor skills. The BMI data revealed that 11% of this sample was considered obese, and 26% was overweight. Children showed higher competence in locomotor skills than in object control and turn and rolling skills, for which motor competence levels were lower. Likewise, there was an inverse relationship between BMI and basic motor skills; children with obesity had the lowest levels of motor skills, and there was a significant difference regarding non-obese children (p

X Congreso Geológico de España, 5-7 Julio 2021, Vitoria - Gasteiz, El Trabajo de Investigación de Bachillerato es una de las herramientas de divulgación y enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Tierra para alumnos preuniversitarios interesados en esta ciencia. La potenciación desde la Universidad hacia los centros educativos de Enseñanza Secundaria de la transferencia del conocimiento científico en el ámbito de la Geología, así como de otras ciencias, es el eje principal que se presenta en el Proyecto FORCES (Foment de la Recerca en els Centres de Secundària; http:// www.ub.edu/cere/forces/). Desde el Instituto de Desarrollo Profesional de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) se han creado puentes entre facultades de la UB y dichos centros educativos, presentándose el caso de la Facultat de Ciències de la Terra. En FORCES se facilitan las herramientas para vincular el Trabajo de Investigación obligatorio de Bachillerato; el estudiante cuenta con el apoyo de su tutor y con el seguimiento de uno o varios profesores-investigadores del ámbito universitario. Ello amplia el marco de trabajo del alumno y le ofrece focos de interés no disponibles en los centros de Educación Secundaria, abriendo la posibilidad de colaboraciones científicas con el grupo investigador y disponer de sus herramientas, conocimientos e instrumental. Unir a la docencia universitaria la experiencia del contacto con futuros estudiantes enriquece la visión del profesorado, al situarlo en el punto de vista del estudiante de bachillerato, facilitando la comunicación de conocimientos e incorporando nuevas metodologías didácticas. Los temas geológicos tratados son amplios, teniendo como eje común la visión geológica de procesos cotidianos o próximos al alumno de Bachillerato., The High School Research Work is one of the tools of dissemination and teaching of Earth Sciences to pre-university students. The strengthening from the University to Secondary School of the transfer of scientific knowledge in the field of Geology, as well as other sciences, is the aim of the FORCES Project (Promotion of Research in High Schools; http://www.ub.edu/cere/ forces/). The Professional Development Institute (IDP-ICE) of the University of Barcelona (UB) has forged close ties between these educational centers and the different faculties of the UB, including the Faculty of Earth Sciences. FORCES provides the necessary tools to link the compulsory Research Work of the Baccalaureate students, so that the student not only has the support of his advisor, but also the follow-up of one or several professors and/or researchers. This broadens the student’s work frame and helps her/him focusing on possible areas not achievable in the context of Secondary School centers, such as establishing scientific collaborations with university research groups and thus using their tools, knowledge and analytical instruments. On the other hand, meeting prospective students enriches the professors’ vision by placing it in the mind of the High School student, improving the communication of knowledge in a more meaningful way and incorporating new teaching methodologies. Geological topics addressed are broad, having as a common thread the geological vision of everyday processes or scientific issues close to the Baccalaureate student’s daily life.

[CA] La cooperativa Unión Protectora de El Perelló naix l’any 1950 amb el propòsit de unir poder de negociació juntant als xicotets llauradors per accedir des d’una posició més ventatjosa als subministres dels carísimins fertilizants o “guanos” que en aquell temps venien d’ultramar. Des dels seus origens la cooperativa es decanta per la producció de tomaques aprofitant el benigne clima de la zona que els permet als anys 60 produir les primeres tomaques de temporada de tota Espanya. Més avant, a principis del anys 70 es comencen a construir els primers hivernacles consistents en macrotúnels de tubs de ferro de 6 metres d’ample i cuberts amb plástic de polietilé. A poc a poc el cultiu es va intensificant buscant la precocitat i als anys 80 greus problemes fitopatológics fan que siga necesaria la desinfecció de la terra per poder asegurar la producció. A principis dels 90 una greu crisi de producció i comercialització afecta a la cooperativa. Malgrat aixó i gràcies a que la cooperativa decideix arriscar-se a partir de 1992 en el cultiu de verdures orientals es consegueix superar la crisi i consolidar la producción planificada tant de verdures xineses com de cultius d’hortalisses mediterrànies. En l’actualitat en la cooperativa es fan al llarg de l’any dues campanyes: una de verdures xineses on es comercialitzen i exporten verdures orientals des d’octubre fins l’abril; i una altra de d’hortalisses mediterránees (on dominen les tomaques) que abarca des de finals d’abril fins agost. Dins d’esta campanya de primavera i estiu ha pres una grandísima importancia els darrers anys la tomata valenciana del Perelló. La tomaca valenciana és una varietat tradicional de la provincia de València que es caracteritza per tindre fruits de forma de cor amb l’extrem de la flor apuntat. Sól tindre el muscle verd marcat, un color roig ataronjat i una “carn” tendra de molt bona textura i sabor. A més a més presenta un baix grau d’acidesa. En els últims 10 anys la producció de tomaques valencianes en la Cooperativa ha passat d’uns 50.000 kg en 2007 a més de 730.000 kg en 2016. La raó d’aquest impresionant increment ha sigut l’aposta de la cooperativa per oferir als seus clients una tomaca de gran sabor amb la millor qualitat de servei i presentació. Els consumidors i els clients ja fea temps que ens demanaven tomates amb sabor i la tomaca valenciana ha sigut la resposta. Malgrat aixó, tampoc n’hi ha que oblidar que la producció continuada de tomaques valencianes comporta una serie de riscos i dificultats que no solen aparéixer en les tomates híbrides convencionals i que fan que els rendiments productius de la tomata valenciana siguen més baixos i siga per tant més cara de produir i asegurar la producció de bona qualitat. Els problemes més importants d’esta varietat son, per una banda de tipus fitopatológic (sobretot pel que respecta a les epidèmies de virosis del ToMV que fins fa pocs anys eren endémiques, així com de problemes de patógens del sól com la fusariosi o els nematodes), i per una altra banda la falta de uniformitat en el cuallat i en la forma de les tomaques fet que dificulta molt la planificació del subministrament als clients. Afortunadament estes dificultats es van salvant de diverses formes: per una part el gran problema del virus del mosaic de la tomata s’está solucionant desinfectant les llavors química i térmicament per a poder partir de plantacions el més netes de virus posible. Per una altra banda la Cooperativa del Perelló en conveni amb el COMAV i sota la dirección de Salvador Soler porta un projecte des de l’any 2013 de millora genética de la tomaca valenciana per a obtindre plantes amb la resistencia incorporada al ToMV com tenen la major part de varietats híbrides. Al mateix temps també s’ha efectuat una caracterització morfológica i agronomica buscant i seleccionant les plantes amb més regularitat de fruits i de cuallat. La técnica de l’empelt sobre portaempelts de tomaca amb resistencies a patógens telurics també está siguent de gran ajuda per a poder cultivar esta varietat en camps que acusen problemes fitopatológics o de cansament del terreny. També n’hi ha que resaltar i no oblidar la gran llavor dels llauradors d’El Perelló a l’hora de cultivar de forma sostenible en mig del parc Natural de l’Albufera. Per tot açó la cooperativa del Perelló s’enorgulleix de poder de oferir als seus clients hui i en el futur la millor tomaca valenciana: la tomaca valenciana del Perelló., [EN] The cooperative Unión Protectora de El Perelló was founded in 1950 with the aim joining the power of negotiation by getting together the small farmers in order to access from a more advantageous position to inputs like very expensive fertilizers or “guanos” that at that time came from abroad. Since its origins the cooperative opted for the production of tomatoes by taking advantage of the mild climate of the area that allowsin the 60s to produce the earliest season tomatoes of all over Spain. Later, at the beginning of the 70s, the first greenhouse begin to be constructed consisting in macrotunnels with iron tubes of 6 m of width and covered with polyethylene plastic. Slowly the cultivation becomes intensifed looking for earliness, and in the 80s severe phytopathological problems make necessary soil disinfection to ensure production. At the beginnings of the 90s a severe crisis of production and commercialization affects the cooperative. Despite this and thanks to the cooperative decides risking from 1992 on in the cultivation of oriental crops the crisis is overcome and there is a consolidation of the production of Chinese vegetables as well as Mediterranean vegetables. At present in the cooperative two campaigns are done every year: one of Chinese vegetables which are marketed and exported from October to the end of April; and another one of Mediterranean vegetables (where tomatoes dominate) that spans from the end of April to the end of August. Within this campaign of spring and summer the Tomata Valenciana d’El Perelló has taken a great importance. The Valencian tomato is a traditional variety from the province of València characterized by having heart-shaped fruits with a pointed end. Usually has marked green shoulders, a red orange color and a tender “flesh” of very good texture and flavour. In addition it has a low degree of acidity. In the last 10 years the production of Valencian tomatoes in the Cooperative has gone from about 50.000 kg in 2007 to more than 730.000 kg in 2016. The reason of this impressive increase has been the bet of the cooperative for offering its clients a tomato of great flavour with the best quality of service and presentation. For a long time, consumers and clients demanded tomatoes with flavour and the Valencian tomato has been the answer. Despite this, it has not to be forgotten that the continued production of Valencian tomatoes has a series of risks and difficulties that usually do not appear with conventional hybrid tomatoes and that make that the yields of the Valencian tomato are lower and consequently more expensive to produce and to ensure a production of good quality. The most important problems of this variety are, on one hand of phytopathological type (especially regarding the epidemics of the ToMV virus that until a few years ago were endemic, as well as problems of soil pathogens like Fusarium and nematodes), and on the other hand the lack of uniformity in the fruit set and shape of the tomatoes which difficults a lot the planning and supplying customers. Fortunately, these difficulties are becoming solved through different ways: on one hand the problema of the tomato mosaic virus is being solved by chemically disinfecting the seeds and also subjecting them to thermotherapy in order to start plantations as cleanest as possible from the virus. On the other hand the Cooperativa del Perelló together with COMAV and under the direction of Salvador Soler is developing a project since 2013 for the genetic improvement of Valencian tomato in order to obtain plants resistant to ToMV, as most hybrid varieties have. At the same time there a morphological and agronomic characterization has been done looking for plants with higher fruit uniformity and fruit set. The grafting technique on tomato rootstocks with resistance to soil pathogens is also being of great help to grow this variety in fields that have phytopathological problems or tired soils. Also, the great work of El Perelló farmers being able to cultivate in a sustainable way within the Natural Park of Albufera has to be highlighted and not forgotten. Because of all of this, the cooperativa del Perelló is proud of being able to offer its clients today and in the future the best Valencian tomato: the Tomaca Valenciana del Perelló.