468 results on '"Heath Impact"'
Search Results
202. Research Funding of the Top Science Gaps in the American Heart Association Cardiac Arrest Guidelines.
- Author
-
Coute, Ryan A., Panchal, Ashish R., Mader, Timothy J., and Kurz, Michael C.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
203. Submicron fungal fragments as another indoor biocontaminant in elementary schools
- Author
-
Myunghee Kwon, Yeong Gyu Ji, SungChul Seo, Young Yoo, and Ji Tae Choung
- Subjects
Wet season ,Veterinary medicine ,Schools ,Ecology ,Health impact ,Air Microbiology ,Fungi ,Temperature ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humidity ,General Medicine ,Allergens ,Spores, Fungal ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Biology ,Spore ,Negatively associated ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Environmental Chemistry ,Relative humidity ,Seasons ,Environmental Monitoring ,Fungal exposure - Abstract
There has been great concern about mold in school environments, but few comprehensive assessments of mold have been performed in such settings. Even spore counts or microscopic enumeration only may not be sufficient for evaluating fungal exposure. We explored the levels of submicron fungal fragments with potential heath impact due to their small size in elementary schools and investigated the variation in the concentrations of such particles before and after the rainy season. The concentrations of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in submicron fungal fragments, airborne mold and bacteria, and PM10 were measured both indoors and outdoors in 70 classrooms at 8 elementary schools from May (before the rainy season) to July (after the rainy season) in 2012. Temperature and relative humidity were also monitored. We compared the levels of submicron fungal fragments among schools before and after the rainy season. The associations of the levels of submicron fungal fragments with other variables were analyzed. Overall, the concentrations of (1,3)-β-D-glucan ranged from 10 to 347 pg m−3, and the indoor/outdoor ratios were greater than 1 in every school. After the rainy season, the (1,3)-β-D-glucan concentrations decreased by about 35%, and similar significant decreases in the concentrations of airborne mold and bacteria and PM10 were observed. This difference was prominent for PM10 (P < 0.001). Only relative humidity was negatively associated with the concentration of submicron fungal fragments (P = 0.007). Our findings confirmed the comparable amounts of submicron fungal fragments in school environments. More comprehensive exposure assessments for smaller-sized fungal particles should be performed for better understanding of their health impact, particularly with regard to seasonal changes. more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
204. Occurrence of KPC-Producing Escherichia coli in Psittaciformes Rescued from Trafficking in Paraíba, Brazil.
- Author
-
Silva, Gedean Galdino da Cruz, Campana, Eloiza Helena, Vasconcelos, Priscylla Carvalho, Silva, Núbia Michelle Vieira da, Santos Filho, Lauro, Leite, Elma Lima, Givisiez, Patrícia Emília Naves, Gebreyes, Wondwossen Abebe, and Oliveira, Celso José Bruno de more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
205. The Impact of Decarbonization Scenarios on Air Quality and Human Health in Poland—Analysis of Scenarios up to 2050.
- Author
-
Zyśk, Janusz, Wyrwa, Artur, Suwała, Wojciech, Pluta, Marcin, Olkuski, Tadeusz, and Raczyński, Maciej
- Subjects
PARTICULATE matter ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,AIR pollution ,CHRONIC bronchitis ,FUEL switching ,AIR quality ,AIR pollutants - Abstract
Poland faces two great challenges in the field of environment and atmosphere protection: improving air quality, especially by reducing particulate matter (PM) emissions, and reducing relatively high greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this research was to investigate how the fuel and technological transformations in the power, road transport, and household and tertiary sectors aimed at reducing carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) emissions in Poland would affect air quality, human health, and the associated external costs. The study was conducted for 2050 while considering 2015 as the base year. Ambient PM2.5 (particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 µm) concentration was used as a proxy air quality indicator. The analysis was based on decarbonization scenarios developed within the REFLEX Project (Analysis of the European energy system under the aspects of flexibility and technological progress). The three scenarios of the REFLEX Project focused on the reduction of CO2 emissions up to 2050 from various sectors, mainly by the means of fuel and technological switches. This also led to the changes in the emission levels of pollutants that directly affect air quality, which were calculated with the use of fuel- and technology-specific emission factors. Next, for each emission scenario, ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and others pollutants were calculated with the use of the Polyphemus—an Eulerian-type air quality modelling system. Subsequently, the health impact of population exposed to air pollution and associated external costs were calculated using the πESA (Platform for Integrated Energy System Analysis) platform. The health impacts considered were the number of years of life lost, restricted activity days, and number of chronic bronchitis cases. The results showed that the largest reductions in both greenhouse gas and PM emissions—and consequently improvements of air quality resulting in a decrease of negative impacts on human health and a decrease of external costs—can be achieved by the transformation of heat production in the household and tertiary sector. The results also showed that the decrease in PM2.5 emissions envisaged in the analyzed scenarios in 2050 will lead to a reduction in the number of lost years of life by about 35 thousand and an avoidance of external costs by EUR 2.4 billion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
206. Short-Term Impact of Non-Surgical and Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in a Greek Population—A Prospective Cohort Study.
- Author
-
Theodoridis, Charis, Violesti, Anastasia, Nikiforidou, Maria, Menexes, Georgios C., and Vouros, Ioannis D.
- Subjects
TOOTH root planing ,QUALITY of life ,LONGITUDINAL method ,COHORT analysis ,ORAL health - Abstract
While periodontitis deteriorates patients' quality of life, non-surgical periodontal treatment seems to offer an improvement. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) utilizing patient-centered assessments and surrogate clinical measurements in Greek adults. Eighty-three individuals with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. Assessment of OHRQoL with the use of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire in conjunction with clinical measurements of pocket probing depth (PPD), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed at baseline (t0), after non-surgical therapy (t1) and after periodontal surgery (t2). A statistically significant reduction of OHIP-14 score was recorded at t1 and t2 examination compared to baseline (p < 0.001) and a statistically significant improvement in all clinical parameter at all time points was recorded (p < 0.05). No correlation between the clinical parameters and the total score of OHIP-14 was recorded at any time point. Non-surgical periodontal treatment seemed to improve OHRQoL in terms of OHIP-14 scores, whilst supplementary surgical periodontal therapy did not offer any additional benefit. No correlation was found between patients' perception of quality of life expressed by OHIP-14 score and the surrogate clinical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
207. New insights into oxygen sensing at a cellular level.
- Author
-
Walmsley S R, Sheares K K K, Sobolewski A, Morrell N W, Chilvers E R, Walmsley, S R, Sheares, K K K, Sobolewski, A, Morrell, N W, and Chilvers, E R
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
208. MOESM1 of Ecological niche modeling of rabies in the changing Arctic of Alaska
- Author
-
Huettmann, Falk, Magnuson, Emily, and Hueffer, Karsten
- Subjects
population characteristics ,social sciences ,geographic locations ,humanities ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
Additional file 1. Public health impact of rabies in Alaska. This file contains information on the historic public heath impact of rabies in Alaska to put our findings into an appropriate context of One Health. more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
209. Seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. in a rural population in Central African Gabon
- Author
-
A.A. Adegnika, Felix Lötsch, Mirjam Groger, Renate Schneider, Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma, Johannes Mischlinger, Herbert Auer, Michael Ramharter, Markus Obermüller, and Selidji T Agnandji
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Rural Population ,Veterinary medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Larva migrans visceralis ,Adolescent ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Blotting, Western ,Antibodies, Helminth ,Seroprevalence ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dogs ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Gabon ,education ,Feces ,Aged ,Toxocara ,education.field_of_study ,Toxocariasis ,business.industry ,Public health ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,Middle Aged ,Ocular larva migrans ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Cats ,Parasitology ,Female ,Public Health ,business ,Rural population - Abstract
Toxocara spp. are zoonotic parasites with global distribution infecting humans by incidental ingestions of eggs shed in feces of dogs or cats. High seroprevalences have been reported from several regions of Africa, however data from the Central African region remain limited. Although several clinical entities caused by larvae of Toxocara spp. have been described, the public heath impact of this infection has so far often been neglected. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence in a rural central African population.The population based study was performed in volunteers in a rural region of Gabon. A two-step testing approach was applied using an ELISA as screening test and a Western Blot (immunoblot) as confirmatory assay. Basic demographic data and risk factors were collected and compared between seropositive and negative participants.In total, 199 out of 332 serum samples were tested positive for Toxocara spp. antibodies (59.9%). After standardization for age to the overall Gabonese population seroprevalence was 53.6% (95% CI 48.2–59.0%). There was a trend towards higher seroprevalence in participants with agricultural activity.Seroprevalence of antibodies against Toxocara spp. is high in this rural population in Gabon. These results are comparable with previous reports from other sub-regions of Africa and add to our understanding of the epidemiology of toxocariasis in Africa. Given the high prevalence of toxocariasis in tropical regions, it may be speculated that clinically relevant presentations (e.g. visceral or ocular larva migrans syndrome) may occur in considerable numbers. A formal assessment of the burden of disease and the public health impact of human toxocariasis is therefore warranted. more...
- Published
- 2016
210. A Review of Methods for the Identification of Irradiated Foods.
- Author
-
Sumar, S., Rahman, R., and AKMM, Haque
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
211. Gender Norms, Roles and Relations and Cannabis-Use Patterns: A Scoping Review.
- Author
-
Hemsing, Natalie and Greaves, Lorraine
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
212. FEDERAL REGISTER.
- Subjects
DELEGATED legislation ,WEIGHT measurement - Abstract
The article focuses on several rules and regulation related to different departments of the U.S. Topics discussed include addition of new regulation by the Department of Agriculture (USDA) of the U.S. under the U.S. Grain Standards Act (USGSA) which eliminates barge weighing, discontinuation of rulemaking activities by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and establishment of a rule by the U.S. Department of Energy for testing procedures of refrigeration products. more...
- Published
- 2016
213. Awasthi, A. K., Zeng, X., & Li, J. (2016). Relationship between e-waste recycling and human health risk in India: a critical review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-24.
- Author
-
Karri, Ramu
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC waste ,ELECTRONICS recycling ,HEALTH risk assessment ,SOLID waste ,HAZARDOUS substance exposure ,POLLUTANTS - Abstract
The article presents the author's opinion regarding the inconsistency of the result of the study conducted by A. K. Awasthi and colleagues on the relationship between the waste recycling of electronic materials and human health risk. Topics include the inaccuracy of data which obtain from solid waste disposal sites instead in e-waste recycling sites, the lack of references on the human exposure to e-waste-derived pollutants, and the insufficiency of information about e-waste-related chemicals. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
214. Neighborhoods and Health: What Do We Know? What Should We Do?
- Author
-
Diez Roux, Ana V.
- Subjects
NEIGHBORHOODS ,PUBLIC health & society ,INTERVENTION (Social services) ,SOCIAL context ,MEDICAL policy -- Social aspects ,NATURAL foods ,WALKING ,DIET ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,OUTDOOR recreation ,GOVERNMENT policy ,POPULATION geography ,PUBLIC health ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,FOOD security - Abstract
The author reflects on the relationships between various neighborhood factors and public health as of 2016, and it mentions research regarding the interrelatedness of neighborhood socioeconomics, racial/ethnic compositions, and social environment issues such as access to healthy foods and outdoor recreational resources. Tobacco availability and advertising are examined, as well as walking behavior, diet, and obesity. Public health policies and interventions are also assessed. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
215. Climate Change, Health and Existential Risks to Civilization: A Comprehensive Review (1989–2013).
- Author
-
Butler, Colin D.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
216. A 1-year prospective cohort study on mandibular overdentures retained by mini dental implants
- Author
-
Miodrag, Scepanovic, Jose Luis, Calvo-Guirado, Aleksa, Markovic, Rafael, Delgardo-Ruiz, Aleksandar, Todorovic, Biljana, Milicic, and Tijana, Misic
- Subjects
Dental Implants ,Male ,Immediate Dental Implant Loading ,Denture, Complete, Lower ,Mandible ,Middle Aged ,Denture, Overlay ,Cohort Studies ,Dental Prosthesis Design ,Patient Satisfaction ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Jaw, Edentulous ,Mastication ,Female ,Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ,Dental Restoration Failure ,Prospective Studies - Abstract
The aim of this 1-year prospective cohort study was to evaluate the outcomes and complications of immediately loaded mini dental implants used for stabilizing mandibular overdentures in edentulous patients wearing conventional complete dentures.Thirty patients received mandibular conventional complete dentures that were subsequently retained by 4 immediately loaded mini dental implants placed in the interforaminal region. Overdenture success, implant success and biological and prosthetic complications were evaluated after the first year of service. Quality of life using the Oral Heath Impact Profile (OHIP)- EDENT test, satisfaction with dental prosthesis and chewing efficiency using questionnaires and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were evaluated twice: after they had received mandibular complete dentures, and again after they had received mandibular overdentures.After 1 year, no overdenture failed and 2 implants did not osseointegrate, resulting in a 98.3% success rate for loaded implants and 95.9% for total implants used (3 out of 123 were not loaded due to fracture). A flap surgical approach was performed in 7 patients, 3 implants fractured during insertion, 3 overdentures fractured, occlusion balancing was necessary for 11 dentures and relining for 8. Implant rehabilitation provided significant improvement in quality of life, stability, comfort, chewing and speaking ability while no significant differences were found in quality of maintenance of hygiene and for aesthetics.Mini dental implant retained overdentures can be a successful therapeutic procedure for treating mandibular edentulism that improves quality of life, patient satisfaction and chewing ability in patients wearing maxillary dentures. Longer follow-ups are needed to validate this therapy in the medium and long-term. more...
- Published
- 2013
217. Leaders take disease management from concept to valuable reality.
- Author
-
Edlin, Mari
- Subjects
MEDICAL personnel ,DISEASE management ,HEALTH promotion - Abstract
Presents the first installment of its two-part feature of top leaders in disease management presented by the managed healthcare executives in the U.S. Establishment of Ronald Geraty on its monitoring company; Successful effort of Nancy Johnson to add prescription drug benefits, preventive care and disease management programs; Emphasis of Donald Fetterolf on wellness and preventive medicine combining educational, motivational and behavioral change. more...
- Published
- 2004
218. What are the key endodontic factors associated with oral health-related quality of life?
- Author
-
Cpj McGrath, P Liu, and Gsp Cheung
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual analogue scale ,Dentistry ,Oral Health ,Oral health ,CONSECUTIVE SAMPLE ,Quality of life ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,General Dentistry ,Endodontic retreatment ,Pain Measurement ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Middle Aged ,Endodontics ,Diagnostic classification ,Root Canal Therapy ,stomatognathic diseases ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Quality of Life ,Hong Kong ,Female ,business - Abstract
Aim To determine the associations between endodontic factors and oral health–related quality of life (OHQoL), controlling for socio-demographics, pain and other oral health clinical factors. Methodology OHQoL assessments were conducted amongst a consecutive sample of 412 Chinese patients requiring endodontic treatment employing the short-form Oral Heath Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Information on (i) number of teeth requiring endodontic treatment, (ii) tooth type, (iii) retreatment requirements, (iv) periapical radiolucency assessment and (v) diagnostic classification was obtained. In addition, socio-demographic information (age, gender, educational attainment and family income), pain ratings on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and other clinical oral health status information were collected. Results Bivariate analyses identified association between number of teeth requiring endodontic treatment and summary OHIP-14 score (P more...
- Published
- 2012
219. SUMMER PARASITE CONTROL.
- Author
-
O'Grady, Michael A.
- Subjects
CATTLE parasite control ,CATTLE diseases ,LIVESTOCK parasites ,BEEF cattle farming ,CATTLE industry - Abstract
The article offers guide for parasite control in cattle and sheep during summer months to avoid damaging farm profitability. Information is provided on the two methods to control and treat external parasites, which are sheep dipping and application of various pour-on solutions. Also discussed impact of parasites including gastrointestinal worms, stomach worms or ostertagiasis, and lungworms on calf health and performance. more...
- Published
- 2015
220. Morbidity and Mortality in Late-Preterm Infants: More Than Just Transient Tachypnea!
- Author
-
Lucky Jain
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pulmonary Atelectasis ,Complications of pregnancy ,Time Factors ,Hydrops Fetalis ,Gestational Age ,Transient tachypnea of the newborn ,Article ,Death Certificates ,Congenital Abnormalities ,Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ,Pregnancy ,Intensive care ,Cause of Death ,Sepsis ,Infant Mortality ,Influenza, Human ,medicine ,Humans ,Hypoxia ,Full Term ,Cause of death ,Asphyxia Neonatorum ,Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Infant, Newborn ,Gestational age ,Infant ,Pneumonia ,medicine.disease ,Infant mortality ,United States ,Pregnancy Complications ,Birth Certificates ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,business ,Infant, Premature ,Sudden Infant Death - Abstract
Concern about higher morbidity in late-preterm (34 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks) infants has led to a flurry of recent publications with largely the same conclusions: late-preterm infants are more prone to problems related to delayed transition and overall immaturity, and should therefore be treated differently than their more mature full term counterparts [1-5]. These observations have led to greater attention being paid to tracking short term morbidity, health care costs, hospital stays, and issues such as re-hospitalization [5]. However, widespread publicity has yet to make a measurable impact on the incidence of late prematurity; nearly three out of four preterm births occur at late-preterm gestations and this number is on the rise [6]. It is estimated that nearly 250,000 late-preterm births occurred in the US in 2004; and although the problem appears to be widespread, similar estimates from other nations are not readily available. A broad range of neonatal complications has been documented in the growing body of literature on late-preterm infants. These problems include delayed lung fluid clearance (transient tachypnea of the newborn), respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, apnea, temperature instability, hypoglycemia, jaundice and poor feeding [6]. Little, however, is known about the long term impact of these “transitional issues” because there are no data repositories with information about outcomes and, in spite of growing concern about the vulnerability of the late-preterm brain to white matter injury, systematic developmental assessments are seldom performed. These publications notwithstanding, the obstetric community is yet to fully embrace the public health impact of late prematurity. Late-preterm infants are considered functionally mature (hence the widespread use of the “near term” label) and there is a relative lack of attention to neonatal considerations when delivery at these gestations is being contemplated. Although women in preterm labor at gestations 33 weeks and less are routinely considered for tocolysis and antenatal steroids, they are candidates for neither if gestation has advanced by a few days and crosses over to the magical 34-week mark. These decisions appear oblivious to the fact that inaccuracies in the estimation of gestational age abound, and up to 50% of infants at 34 weeks gestation may require intensive care [1]. What then will it take to drive a concerted effort to tackle this problem? A good starting point will be the availability of reliable data about short and long-term outcome of late-preterm infants, and documentation of serious morbidity that could dispel the myth of the “transient” nature of late-preterm woes. Recent reports about the occurrence of serious complications such as hypoxic respiratory failure and kernicterous are good first steps, and compilation of accurate mortality statistics would be another [2, 7]. In this issue of The Journal, Tomashek et al [8] attempt to close the gap in our understanding of differences in mortality between late-preterm and term infants. Using period linked birth-infant death files from 1995-2002, the authors analyzed overall and cause specific mortality rates for singleton late-preterm and term infants. The authors report that although significant declines in mortality were observed over the last decade for both groups of infants, the infant mortality rate for late-preterm infants was several-fold higher than that for term-infants. Late-preterm infants were particularly more likely to die in the early neonatal period compared to term infants from causes such as respiratory compromise, maternal complications of pregnancy and congenital anomalies. The report by Tomashek et al [7] is being highlighted for several reasons. First, although their data clearly demonstrate a higher mortality burden related to birth at late-preterm gestations, the magnitude of the reported difference is particularly striking. Problems associated with the use of large data bases such as the one used by the authors notwithstanding, the low frequency of death in term and near-term infants precludes other methodological approaches including the use of smaller (but more detailed) local data sources for such analyses. This report underscores the need for prospective data collection to confirm the overall excess in mortality--information that is critical for affecting a change in allocation of resources and for an overall change in our approach to these neonates. Second, this work sheds new light on the causes of death in late-preterm infants. For example, the reported high occurrence of congenital anomalies in late-preterm infants raises several questions that need to be addressed in future studies. Are fetuses with serious congenital anomalies more likely to be delivered early either spontaneously or electively, given the widespread practice of “controlled” delivery of an anomalous fetus? Does prematurity and lack of spontaneous labor add to the risk of death in infants with congenital anomalies? Are late-preterm infants at higher risk of death if infants with congenital anomalies are excluded? To address the last issue, the authors performed additional analysis of their data after excluding infants with any congenital malformation, deformation or chromosomal abnormality (ICD-10Q00-99) as the underlying cause of death. The differences in infant mortality between late-preterm and term infants were found to persist even with these exclusions, underscoring the inherent vulnerability of the late-preterm infant to serious morbidity and death. There are several limitations to the methodology used and, as such, to any conclusions drawn from data linked to death certificates[8]. Death certificates lack information about contributing causes of death that could shed more light on diagnostic categories such as “atelectasis.” Autopsy findings were also not available to ascertain diagnoses such as SIDS. Finally, data reported on gestational age may be subject to misclassification, although, as they argue, such errors should impact both sub-groups included in the analysis. However, the hypothesis generated by these data that now needs further testing is straightforward: Are late-preterm infants at higher risk for death than their term counterparts and, if so, why? Overall, it should come as no surprise that the higher morbidity reported in late-preterm infants may be associated with an increase in mortality as well. What is surprising is the magnitude of the difference in death rates between late-preterm and term infants, given the perception of mild and transient nature of these problems. The findings should also foster debate around the rationale for preterm delivery, particularly when the decision to do so is based on soft indications. Although the data provide no direct link to the widespread practice of induction of labor and/or elective Cesarean sections, it raises questions about the recent rise in such practices, particularly in the face of uncertainty in accurate estimation of gestational age. As such, future occurrences of serious morbidity/death in electively delivered late-preterm infants where a clear indication for early delivery is lacking, should call for a thorough peer review of the circumstances around delivery and the subsequent care of the neonate. Finally, there is an urgent need to study the role of strategies to enhance maturity of the late-preterm fetus, such as the use of antenatal steroids. Given the large number of deliveries at late-preterm gestations, the public heath impact of such preventive strategies could be enormous. more...
- Published
- 2007
221. Opportunities for biotechnology and policy regarding mycotoxin issues in international trade
- Author
-
Rex B. Dyer and David F. Kendra
- Subjects
Consumer choice ,International Cooperation ,Legislation ,Food Contamination ,International trade ,Intellectual property ,Microbiology ,Risk Assessment ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Humans ,Mycotoxin ,Pest Control, Biological ,Precautionary principle ,Food security ,business.industry ,Commerce ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Agricultural biotechnology ,Legislation, Food ,Mycotoxins ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,Biotechnology ,chemistry ,Agriculture ,Food Technology ,Maximum Allowable Concentration ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
Despite being introduced more than a decade ago, agricultural biotechnology still remains framed in controversy impacting both the global economy and international regulations. Controversies surrounding agricultural biotechnology produced crops and foods commonly focus on human and environmental safety, intellectual property rights, consumer choice, ethics, food security, poverty reduction and environmental conservation. Originally, some consumers were reluctant to accept the first generation agricultural biotechnology products because they appeared to primarily benefit agricultural producers; however, it is clear from continued evaluations that these technologies also improved both the safety and wholesomeness of food and helped improve the environment. Plants engineered to resist insect pests and tolerate less toxic pesticides resulted in improved yields thereby enabling farmers to produce more food per acre while reducing the need for herbicides, pesticides, and water and tilling. An indirect benefit of reduced pest damage in transgenic corn expressing genes to control insect pests is lower levels of mycotoxins, most notably those caused by the genus Fusarium. Mycotoxins are an important regulatory issue globally because of their toxic and carcinogenic potential to humans and animals. Complicating this issue is the fact that toxicological databases for mycotoxins are relatively incomplete compared to other food contaminants. Current debates about agricultural biotechnology and mycotoxins reveal significant differences in perception of associated risks and benefits. When faced with uncertainty, regulators tend to set limits as low as possible. Additionally, some regulators invoke the "Precautionary Principle" when limited information is available or disputes over interpretation exist for possible contaminants, including mycotoxins. A major concern regarding use of the "Precautionary Principle" is the appearance that regulators can justify setting any limit on the basis of inconclusive or unknown potential hazards of a contaminant which may significantly impact global trade because mycotoxin residues vary widely between countries. This paper describes the current economic and heath impact of these regulations and their impact on international trade. more...
- Published
- 2007
222. Oral health-related quality of life: a critical appraisal of assessment tools used in elderly people
- Author
-
Antonio Carlos Pereira and Eduardo Hebling
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Psychometrics ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Oral Health ,English language ,Oral health ,humanities ,Critical appraisal ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Quality of Life ,Daily living ,Medicine ,Elderly people ,Humans ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,General Dentistry ,Reliability (statistics) - Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to undertake a critical appraisal of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measurements used for research in the elderly. Background: A variety of OHRQoL measurements have been developed in the past 20 years as a result of increased concern about the impact of oral conditions on a person’s quality of life. There is need for an assessment aimed at prioritising the recommended measurements to be used for different purposes in the elderly. Materials and methods: Original English language papers using measurements to assess OHRQoL in the elderly were identified from Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, Medline and Lilacs databases. The search included all papers published from 1985 to February 2007. The criteria of assessment were: (i) measurement criteria (number of items and domains, and classification of the results found for each measurement); (ii) quantitative–qualitative criteria (frequency, acceptability, reproducibility, reliability, sensitivity and capability of being reproduced in other language versions). Results: In a total of 152 papers selected, 20 measurements were identified. However, only seven fulfilled all the measurement and quantitative–qualitative criteria. Conclusion: Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index, Subjective Oral Health Status Indicators, Oral Health Impact Profile-49, Dental Impact on Daily Living, Oral Health Impact Profile-14, Oral Impact on Daily Performances and German Version of the Oral Heath Impact Profile were considered as instruments of choice to assess OHRQoL in the elderly. The other 13 instruments identified require further research aimed at a validation process and the use of a language other than English. more...
- Published
- 2007
223. Quantitative assessment of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risk-benefit of celecoxib compared to individual NSAIDs at the population level
- Author
-
Susana Perez-Gutthann, Cristina Varas-Lorenzo, Andrew Maguire, and Jordi Castellsague
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Peptic Ulcer ,Diclofenac ,Epidemiology ,Population ,Arthritis ,Coronary Disease ,Ibuprofen ,Risk Assessment ,Framingham Heart Study ,Naproxen ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Computer Simulation ,Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Heart Failure ,education.field_of_study ,Sulfonamides ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,United States ,Surgery ,Stroke ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Celecoxib ,Relative risk ,Population Surveillance ,Pyrazoles ,Female ,Risk assessment ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose To estimate the net cardiovascular (CV) (coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure), and gastrointestinal (GI) (peptic ulcer complications) risk-benefit public health impact of the use of celecoxib compared to non-selective NSAIDs in the arthritis population. Methods We applied discrete event simulation models to data from the US National Health Surveys, CV risk-prediction models from the Framingham Heart Study, and population-based studies. Models took into account the multifactorial effect of risk factors, comorbidity, and competing risk of mortality. We simulated the natural history of CV and GI disease in the U.S. arthritis population over 1 year, through the individual baseline cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risk profile. This model was modified with relative risks associated with the use of each treatment. The mean number of events was estimated for each end-point in each model: natural history, celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen. The number of events for celecoxib was compared with each NSAID. Results The evaluation included 1% of the U.S. population with arthritis. Celecoxib, when applied to 100 000 patients over 1 year, resulted in 570 (range from sensitivity analysis: 440–691), 226 (124–313), and 746 (612–868) fewer ulcer complications than diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen, respectively. There were 20 (16–25), 8 (4–12), and 27 (22–32) fewer deaths from ulcer complications, respectively. No increase in cardiovascular events or all cause mortality was observed for celecoxib versus the other individual NSAIDs. Conclusion Results from these simulations suggest a gastrointestinal benefit for celecoxib not offset by increased cardiovascular events or mortality. The methodology used here provides a risk-benefit assessment framework for evaluating the public heath impact of drugs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. more...
- Published
- 2006
224. Reliability and validity of two oral health related quality of life measures in Myanmar adolescents
- Author
-
K K, Soe, S, Gelbier, and P G, Robinson
- Subjects
Male ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Prevalence ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Reproducibility of Results ,Female ,Oral Health ,Dental Caries - Abstract
To assess two Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHQoL) measures and the levels of oral impacts among 14-year-old students in Yangon Division, Myanmar.Cross-sectional validation study. Setting High schools in Yangon Division.A multi-stage stratified random cluster sample of 543 students.Prevalence, extent (number of impacts) and total score as recorded using the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) and the short form of the Oral Heath Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Psychometric measures of validity and reliability.15.8% and 53.0% of participants had an impact using OIDP and OHIP-14 respectively. The extents and total scores were low among those with impacts. Both measures had good reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.72 for OIDP and 0.86 for OHIP-14). The presence of dental caries was associated with summary measures of OHIP-14 but not with OIDP. The most frequent cause of impact was dental caries.Both OIDP and OHIP-14 had reasonable reliability but OHIP-14 had superior construct validity. OHIP-14 appears to be more useful as an instrument to discriminate between groups with and without impacts in population surveys. more...
- Published
- 2004
225. [Psycometrics properties of subjetive indicator in children]
- Author
-
Christiane Alves, Ferreira, Carlos Alfredo, Loureiro, and Vânia Eloísa, Araújo
- Subjects
Male ,Logistic Models ,Psychometrics ,DMF Index ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Female ,Oral Health ,Dental Caries ,Child ,Brazil ,Self Concept - Abstract
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Oral Heath Impact Profile (OHIP-14) to measure oral health in children.The OHIP-14 questionnaire was applied to 312 schoolchildren aged 12 years residing in Sabará, Brazil, in 2001. OHIP-14's reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and correlation intraclass coefficient. For examining content validity, Pearson's correlation and logistic regression analysis were applied. For construct validity, Student's t-test and Tukey-Kramer test were used.Tooth loss among the subjects was low in this study (between 85% and 100%). Caries prevalence was very low and not detectable in 59.0% of the sample. The logistic regression model showed high predictive values for reporting treatment need and intermediate values for dental caries perception. The comparison between different OHIP average scores, according to the DMF-S index's three categories of decayed, missing, filled surfaces, indicated significant difference only for the categories social disability and deficit.The study results indicated that the adolescents did not report high prevalence of oral conditions. The OHIP was associated with perceived treatment need, reporting of dental caries and increased DMF-S index. These results suggest that the OHIP has good psychometric properties when applied to children and could be a promising instrument for screening priority care groups. more...
- Published
- 2004
226. Propriedades psicométricas de indicador subjetivo aplicado em crianças
- Author
-
Christiane Alves Ferreira, Vânia Eloisa de Araújo, and Carlos Alfredo Loureiro
- Subjects
Validation study ,Índice CPO ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Saúde bucal ,Oral health ,Psychology ,Estudantes ,Psicometria ,Humanities ,Condições de saúde ,Levantamentos de saúde bucal - Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Oral Heath Impact Profile (OHIP-14) para mensurar a condição de saúde bucal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados secundários de um inquérito epidemiológico realizado em 2001 pela Secretaria da Saúde do município de Sabará, MG, que consistiram de 312 formulários de exames da cárie dentária e de questionários de necessidade percebida (OHIP), referentes escolares de 12 anos, da rede pública. A confiabilidade do OHIP-14 foi avaliada utilizando os coeficientes alfa de Cronbach e correlação intraclasse. Para avaliação da validade de conteúdo foram realizadas a correlação de Pearson e regressão logística e para avaliar a validade de constructo foram realizados o teste "t" de Student e o de Tukey Kramer. RESULTADOS: A perda dos participantes foi baixa (entre 85 e 100%). A prevalência de cárie foi muito baixa sendo que 59,0% da amostra não apresentou cárie detectável. O modelo de regressão logística indicou valores de predição altos para declaração de necessidade de tratamento e médios para percepção de cárie dentária. A comparação entre diferentes escores médios do OHIP, de acordo com três categorias do índice de superfícies cariadas perdidas e obturadas (CPO-S), indicou diferença significante apenas para as categorias incapacidade social e deficiência. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados indicam que o adolescente não relatou alta prevalência de doença bucal percebida. O OHIP está associado à necessidade percebida de tratamento, à declaração da presença de cárie dentária e ao aumento do índice CPO-S. Os resultados sugerem que o OHIP apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas quando aplicado em crianças, indicando ser um instrumento promissor para rastreamento de grupos prioritários para acesso ao serviço. more...
- Published
- 2004
227. Rules and Regulations: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
- Subjects
NATIONAL school lunch program -- Law & legislation ,SCHOOL food ,NUTRITION - Abstract
The article provides information on the correction to the rule regarding "Certification of Compliance With Meal Requirements for the National School Lunch Program Under the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010," imposed by the Food and Nutrition Service agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The correction to the rule would be effective from March 2, 2014. more...
- Published
- 2014
228. Rules and Regulations: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
- Subjects
NOTICE of proposed rulemaking (Administrative law) ,NATIONAL school lunch program -- Law & legislation ,NUTRITION for school children ,CHILD nutrition laws - Abstract
The article offers information on a rule enforced by the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It states that the organization has proposed to revise the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) regulation in compliance to the requirements of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010. It adds that the rule will require State agencies to provide cash assistance to school food authorities (SFAs) that complies with the meal pattern and nutrition standard. more...
- Published
- 2014
229. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Rules and Regulations.
- Subjects
LEGISLATIVE resolutions ,SCHOOL breakfast programs ,NUTRITION policy ,NATIONAL school lunch program - Abstract
The article discusses the interim final rule issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) of Food and Nutrition Service which amends the national School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program regulation. It states that the rule established nutrition standards for foods that were sold in schools. It mentions that the Section 208 of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (HHFKA) amendments require the Secretary to set up nutrition standards for foods. more...
- Published
- 2013
230. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
- Subjects
LEGAL advertising ,NUTRITION policy ,SCHOOL breakfast programs ,NATIONAL school lunch program ,LAW - Abstract
The article presents several public notices from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). It mentions the notice for the amendment of the regulations for the School Breakfast Program and the National School Lunch Program as proposed in the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (HHFKA). It adds that the proposed amendments shall be in consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for the Americans (DGA). more...
- Published
- 2013
231. Measurement of VOC emissions from curative treated wood: a new emission test chamber method
- Author
-
Maupetit, François, Ramalho, Olivier, Yrieix, Christophe, CSTB - Champs, Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement (FCBA), and Ramalho, Olivier
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
International audience; In order to precisely measure emissions from building products and estimate the potential heath impact of emitted pollutants, standardised analytical methods are needed. The aim of this paper is to present the new standards prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for the measurement of indoor air pollutants and their application to the characterization of emissions from wood products. more...
- Published
- 2001
232. COPD in the ECRHS.
- Author
-
Vestbo J and Vestbo, J
- Subjects
OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease diagnosis ,ASTHMA ,RESPIRATORY measurements ,SURVEYS ,VITAL capacity (Respiration) ,DISEASE complications - Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
233. 87 Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among informal garment workers in the northeast of Thailand
- Author
-
Pultumetakul, Sunisa Chaiklieng, and Suggaravetsiri
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Univariate analysis ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Odds ratio ,Low back pain ,Occupational safety and health ,Health surveillance ,Health care ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Back pain ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Male gender ,Demography - Abstract
Objectives The cross-sectional analytic study was designed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and risk factors for LBP among informal garment workers. Methods There were 446 garment workers in the Northeast of Thailand who entered into this study. Data was collected by the face-to-face interview with the structured questionnaires. The LBP prevalence was estimated. The associations between LBP and studied factors were identified by the univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Risk factors were indicated by adjusted odds ratio (OR adj ) and 95% confident interval (95% CI) at p-value Results Among 446 informal garment workers, most workers were female (94.84%), mean of age was 37.64 years (S. D. = 6.85) and work experience was 10.61 years (S. D. = 7.53). Most workers had the repetitive movement (69.28%, 95% CI = 64.98–73.58) and prolonged sitting of work >8 hours a day (68.16%, 95% CI = 63.82–72.50). The six month-prevalence of LBP was 44.17% (95% CI = 39.54–48.80). The univariate analysis identified factors of gender, prolonged sitting, no change posture each hour and the repetitive task significantly associated with LBP. The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the significantly related factors to LBP were prolonged sitting (OR adj = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.27–3.50), no change posture each hour (OR adj = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.11–3.07), repetitive task (OR adj = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.18–3.30). Factor of male gender was correlated with LBP by protection (OR adj = 0.31, 95%CI = 0.11–0.89). Conclusions The prevalence of LBP can identify heath impact of Thai informal garment workers. The risk factors of LBP consisted of personal, work characteristics, and work behaviours. Therefore, local health care units or administrative organisations should provide occupational health service and the health surveillance program among informal garment workers. The finding risk factors are very useful to apply for prevention of new cases of LBP. more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
234. 190 SHEcan - Methodology for exposure assessment: Making the most of limited data
- Author
-
Shafrir, Mistry, Rushton, Lamb, Corden, Hutchings, van Tongeren, Sanchez-Jimenez, Cherrie, Sobey, and M G N Gorman Ng
- Subjects
Business statistics ,Labour force survey ,Environmental protection ,Impact assessment ,Environmental health ,Member states ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental science ,Exposure measurement ,Risk assessment ,Exposure data ,Exposure assessment - Abstract
Introduction The prevalence and level of exposure for each assessed agent was estimated for every European member state and relevant industry. These estimates provided the basis for the heath impact assessment. Detailed exposure data were unavailable for many member states and industries. The strategies used to create these estimates using limited available data will be discussed using the estimates produced for respirable crystalline silica (RCS) as an example. Methodology For 18 out of 25 assessed agents data from the CAREX project were used to estimate exposure prevalence. The proportion of exposed workers in each industry was averaged across countries for which data from 2000 or later were available. The average proportion was multiplied by the number of employees in the industry in each of the remaining member states in 2006 (from the Structural Business Statistics and Labour Force Survey available from EUROSTAT) to estimate the number of exposed workers. For agents that were not included in CAREX, exposure prevalence was estimated using data from trade associations and other stakeholders; from available exposure databases; or by assuming that all workers in exposed industries were exposed. The level of exposure was assessed using data from the published scientific literature, European Risk Assessment Reports, exposure databases, and trade associations. Industries were classified as high, medium or low exposure and a representative geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) was selected for each “medium” and “high” exposure industry. The overall weighted GM and GSD for each substance was estimated across all medium/high exposed industries with Monte Carlo simulation. Discussion Due to limited data availability, estimates were conservative in every instance. Had more data been available both the prevalence and exposure level estimates may have been lower, demonstrating the need for exposure measurement data from industry to be made available for research. more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
235. O-177.
- Author
-
Michelozzi, Paola, Bargagli, Anna Maria, de'Donato, Francesca, De Sario, Manuela, Murray, Virginia, Katsouyanni, Klea, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Forsberg, Bertil, Ballester, Ferran, Salonen, Raimo O., Pascal, Mathilde, Menne, Bettina, and Leonardi, Marco more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
236. Abstracts of the 16th World Congress of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, 12-15 May 2009, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Published
- 2009
237. Treating smoking among special populations: An investment in public health.
- Author
-
Rohsenow, Damaris
- Subjects
CIGARETTE smokers ,TOBACCO use ,DUAL diagnosis patients ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Discusses the public health impact of adult cigarette smokers in the U.S. who have other comorbid disorders or addictions.
- Published
- 2003
238. A 1-year prospective cohort study on mandibular overdentures retained by mini dental implants
- Author
-
Šcepanovic, M., Calvo-Guirado, J. L., Aleksa Markovic, Delgado-Ruiz, R., Todorovic, A., Milicic, B., and Mišic, T.
- Subjects
stomatognathic diseases ,stomatognathic system ,patient satisfaction ,quality of life ,mini dental implants ,lower complete denture ,lower overdenture - Abstract
Aim: The aim of this 1-year prospective cohort study was to evaluate the outcomes and complications of immediately loaded mini dental implants used for stabilizing mandibular overdentures in edentulous patients wearing conventional complete dentures. Materials and methods: Thirty patients received mandibular conventional complete dentures that were subsequently retained by 4 immediately loaded mini dental implants placed in the interforaminal region. Overdenture success, implant success and biological and prosthetic complications were evaluated after the first year of service. Quality of life using the Oral Heath Impact Profile (OHIP)-EDENT test, satisfaction with dental prosthesis and chewing efficiency using questionnaires and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were evaluated twice: after they had received mandibular complete dentures, and again after they had received mandibular overdentures. Results: After 1 year, no overdenture failed and 2 implants did not osseointegrate, resulting in a 98.3% success rate for loaded implants and 95.9% for total implants used (3 out of 123 were not loaded due to fracture). A flap surgical approach was performed in 7 patients, 3 implants fractured during insertion, 3 overdentures fractured, occlusion balancing was necessary for 11 dentures and relining for 8. Implant rehabilitation provided significant improvement in quality of life, stability, comfort, chewing and speaking ability while no significant differences were found in quality of maintenance of hygiene and for aesthetics. Conclusions: Mini dental implant retained overdentures can be a successful therapeutic procedure for treating mandibular edentulism that improves quality of life, patient satisfaction and chewing ability in patients wearing maxillary dentures. Longer follow-ups are needed to validate this therapy in the medium and long-term. more...
239. Environmental and health risks of potentially toxic elements in ambient PM10 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Author
-
Shaltout, A. A., Kadi, M. W., Abd-Elkader, O. H., and Boman, J.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
240. Analysis of lipid composition and characterization of acyl steryl glycosides in rose petals by using nontargeted LC/MS
- Author
-
Malek, Md Abdul, B. Gowda, Siddabasave Gowda, Gowda, Divyavani, and Hui, Shu-Ping
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
241. Motiv Electric Trucks and Hudson County Motors bring Clean, Electric Transportation to Woodbridge, New Jersey
- Subjects
Shopping malls ,Assisted living facilities ,Transportation ,Transportation industry ,Automotive emissions ,Automobile industry - Abstract
Key Highlights: * Motiv Electric Trucks and Hudson County Motors announced the deployment of three fully-electric, zero-tailpipe emission shuttle buses in Woodbridge, New Jersey. * The buses will transport senior [...] more...
- Published
- 2024
242. Social Finance and Health
- Author
-
Neil McHugh, Olga Biosca, Cam Donaldson, Neil McHugh, Olga Biosca, and Cam Donaldson
- Subjects
- Bonds, Health services accessibility, Microfinance, Medical care--Finance, Medical care--Cost control, Finance--Moral and ethical aspects, Business ethics
- Abstract
Health systems across the world face multiple pressures. Input costs are soaring, systems are struggling to keep up with increasing demand for their services and areas of the world still lack universal health coverage. All of this whilst health inequalities between the best and worst-off within countries persist and, in some countries, are even widening. There is a need to think of new initiatives in response to these global health challenges. One such response is social finance. Social finance is about creating social returns. This innovative and rapidly growing sector promotes new ways of banking and funding social and public services. However, social finance has an under-recognised, and potentially underexploited, role in responding to specific aspects of global health challenges: funding and facilitating access to health(care) services and acting on health. The objectives of this book are to conceptualise and evidence different forms of social finance - microfinance and impact bonds - acting in these ways and to critically engage with current debates and challenges. With such evidence to hand, we can either avoid adoption of new trends in financing public services or, more hopefully, attract greater policy support and resources for new tools for public health and in supporting more precarious, but potentially essential, parts of the finance sector. This book will be essential reading to students, researchers, policymakers and the general public alike who are interested in, or who work in, and across, health systems and social finance. more...
- Published
- 2024
243. EcoDesign for Sustainable Products, Services and Social Systems II
- Author
-
Shinichi Fukushige, Hideki Kobayashi, Eiji Yamasue, Keishiro Hara, Shinichi Fukushige, Hideki Kobayashi, Eiji Yamasue, and Keishiro Hara
- Subjects
- Industrial design--Environmental aspects--Congresses, Sustainable design--Congresses, Manufacturing processes--Environmental aspects--Congresses
- Abstract
This 2-volume book highlights cutting-edge ecodesign research and covers broad areas ranging from individual product and service design to social system design. It includes business and policy design, circular production, life cycle design and management, digitalization for sustainable manufacturing, user behavior and health, ecodesign of social infrastructure, sustainability education, sustainability indicators, and energy system design. Featuring selected papers presented at EcoDesign 2021: 12th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, it also includes diverse, interdisciplinary approaches to foster ecodesign research and activities. In the context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), it addresses design innovations for sustainable value creation, considering technological developments, legislation, and consumer lifestyles. Further, the book discusses the conceptof circular economy, which aims to develop circular business models for resource efficient society by taking advantage of digital technologies including artificial intelligence, internet of things, digital twin, data analysis and simulation. Written by experts from academia and industry, Volume 2 focuses on the sustainability assessment of product lifecycle, waste management, material circularity and energy efficiency, food and agriculture, user behavior and health, and transportation. The methods, tools, and practices described are useful for readers to facilitate value creation for sustainability. more...
- Published
- 2024
244. Air Quality : Science, Impacts, and Management
- Author
-
Ranjeet S. Sokhi and Ranjeet S. Sokhi
- Subjects
- Air quality
- Abstract
Air Quality: Science, Impacts, and Management provides a thorough treatment of the fundamental science of air quality, its interactions, its impacts on health and the environment and management strategies for reducing air pollution in cities, regionally and globally. It begins with fundamentals of the atmosphere and its relevance for air quality before moving logically to sources and emissions, chemical transformation, dynamics, prediction, observations and analysis methods. The importance of regional air pollution and interactions with climate demonstrate the multiscale nature of air quality. The book concludes by examining the impacts on ecosystems and health, reviewing the strategies to manage air pollution and highlighting real-world challenges and possible solutions to improve air quality in global cities. The chapters, written by Ranjeet Sokhi with the collaboration of international experts in the field, are designed to be read sequentially or independently for focused learning in this complex and interdisciplinary field. Air Quality: Science, Impacts, and Management is an excellent resource for students, researchers and professionals in the field of Air Quality and related sciences. - A comprehensive work bringing together fundamental science, applications, impacts and management of air quality - Chapters include up to date material supported by research as well as grounding in fundamental concepts - Worked examples are included to support the understanding of the main concepts - Questions to practice problem-solving skills are included at the end of most of the chapters with solutions provided to check your answers more...
- Published
- 2024
245. Algae As a Natural Solution for Challenges in Water-Food-Energy Nexus : Toward Carbon Neutrality
- Author
-
Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan, Abdelkader Anouzla, Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan, and Abdelkader Anouzla
- Subjects
- Environmental chemistry, Environmental engineering, Biotechnology, Bioremediation
- Abstract
This book provides an overview of challenges and opportunities for algal management to mitigate climate change. This book offers new perspectives on how to control water pollution due to algae, while converting it to biosorbent and biodiesel that could be sold in market. The work also explores how to improve the performance of algae for such purposes. By identifying existing knowledge gap, this work uncovers new research directions for further development of algal management to address global environmental pollution. • Extensive literature survey (2001-2023) in algal management based on empirical approach in the body of knowledge • A comprehensive overview with critical analysis of algal management, for water treatment, biodiesel production, and food production, while dealing with climate change • Providing insights about challenges, research direction, outlook, and perspectives of algal management in Industry 4.0 era This book has an advantage that each chapter will be written by experts around the world working in their respective fields. As a result, this volume presents a balanced picture across the whole spectrum of algae. Furthermore, the authors are from both the developing and developed countries thus giving a worldwide perspective of looming climatic problems. more...
- Published
- 2024
246. Dialectics of addiction: a psychopathologically-enriched comprehension of the clinical care of the addicted person
- Author
-
Messas, Guilherme and Dörr-Álamos, Susana
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
247. The Transport System and Transport Policy : An Introduction, Second Edition
- Author
-
Bert van Wee, Jan A. Annema, David Banister, Baiba Pudāne, Bert van Wee, Jan A. Annema, David Banister, and Baiba Pudāne
- Subjects
- Transportation, Transportation and state
- Abstract
This extensively updated textbook introduces the transport system and its societal impacts in a holistic and multidisciplinary way. A timely second edition, it includes new analyses of travel behaviour and the transport system's impacts on health and well-being.Key Features:Guidance for transport policy evaluation methods and modelling approachesSystematic approach to analysing higher-order impacts of interventions in the transport systemDiscussion of topical issues in transport policy, including analysis of current transport innovations The use of case studies to highlight interconnected aspects of the transport system and their relevance to decision makingExploration of the role of transport systems in providing accessibility and their impact on the environment, safety, health and well-beingInternational in scope, this textbook will be invaluable for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying disciplines such as transport policy and transport geography. It will also be useful to the professionals and policymakers in the transport industry. more...
- Published
- 2023
248. Working in Public Health : Choosing the Right Career
- Author
-
Fiona Sim, Jenny Wright, Fiona Sim, and Jenny Wright
- Subjects
- Public health--Vocational guidance--Great Britain
- Abstract
Public health has always been central to the population's health and wellbeing, and people working in public health come from a wide range of disciplines and backgrounds. This practical and accessible book maps out comprehensively the range of exciting and varied options open to those considering a career in public health. Uniquely, it provides helpful information on how to become either a fully-fledged specialist or to work in an operational practitioner role.This second edition provides an update on the variety of public health roles and the settings from which the workforce operates, with the inclusion of new material on climate change and sustainability. Written from a UK perspective, it nevertheless includes a chapter on working in international and global health. Each chapter is illustrated by career case studies and vignettes from people currently working in public health, illustrating their impact on improving or protecting the health of communities, as well as reducing inequalities.In an era when the COVID-19 pandemic has thrown the spotlight on just how important public health roles are, this book should be essential reading for anyone aspiring to put public health at the heart of their own working life. more...
- Published
- 2023
249. Medical Geology : En Route to One Health
- Author
-
Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad, Meththika Vithanage, Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad, and Meththika Vithanage
- Abstract
Medical Geology The key to understanding the relationship between the geological environment and human health Medical geology deals with of the impact of environmental factors on the health of individual human beings and communities. In particular, it studies environmental exposure to both macro- and micronutrients in the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere—respectively, soil, water, and airborne dust—which may positively or negatively impact human growth, development, and overall health. The insights contributed by this burgeoning field can aid not only in individual medical cases, but also in assessing disproportionately impacted communities and addressing global medical inequality. Medical Geology: En route to One Health is among the first books to address this vital subject by summarizing recent research in this field. It also serves as an introduction to the multidisciplinary One Health methodology, which unites medical, geological, and environmental insights in one continuous approach to public health. Medical Geology readers will also find: An explanation of the influence of the environment on nutrient availability Case studies of well-documented links between endemic diseases and environmental conditions A systematic analysis of the causes of essential element deficiencies in different world regions Medical Geology is an essential overview of the field, for advanced students as well as medical, environmental, or geological researchers who wish to understand the complex relationship between the geological environment and human health. more...
- Published
- 2023
250. Science, Policies and Conflicts of Climate Change : An Indian Perspective
- Author
-
Neloy Khare and Neloy Khare
- Subjects
- Climatology, Earth sciences, Economics
- Abstract
This collection of articles captures and disseminates contemporary perspectives on climate change from an Indian context. Starting with an argument on a new climate deal which highlights the importance of policies and regulations within the climate change debate, some of India's best-known geologists, meteorologists, climate scientists and archaeologists have put forward their concerns and convictions in this collection. The book covers articles on climate change scenarios, impacts, policies, regulations and protocols as well as geopolitical and geoeconomics implications of climate change over the Indian sub-continent including climatogenic vulnerability analyses of sea level rise (SLR) and crop production assessment. The geological perspectives of climate change over the Indian sub-continent are covered, along with highlighted climate impacts on the chemical weathering and maturity of sediments as well as on the manganese mineralisation in manganiferous quartzitein the Boringpadar-Amath area. The evolution of the monsoon, the most significant event of tropical belt is addressed through lake's and river's sediments, assessing the anthropogenic influences. Climatic conditions reconstructed through Quaternary alluvial sediments as proxy indicator of past climatic conditions over the Indian sub-continent are presented. There is also a separate chapter on the role of cosmic radio nuclide in paleoclimatic reconstructions. The inter-relation of climate change and tectonics over the Indian sub-continent is also covered, while the geopolitics on the conflicts of climate change have been discussed in the larger perspective of the South-Asian region. more...
- Published
- 2023
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.