Search

Automatic detection of click-bait and incongruent news headlines is crucial to maintaining the reliability of the Web and has raised much research attention. However, most existing methods perform poorly when news headlines contain contextually important cardinal values, such as a quantity or an amount. In this work, we focus on this particular case and propose a neural attention based solution, which uses a novel cardinal Part of Speech (POS) tag pattern based hierarchical attention network, namely POSHAN, to learn effective representations of sentences in a news article. In addition, we investigate a novel cardinal phrase guided attention, which uses word embeddings of the contextually-important cardinal value and neighbouring words. In the experiments conducted on two publicly available datasets, we observe that the proposed methodgives appropriate significance to cardinal values and outperforms all the baselines. An ablation study of POSHAN shows that the cardinal POS-tag pattern-based hierarchical attention is very effective for the cases in which headlines contain cardinal values., Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM '21), November 1--5, 2021, Virtual Event, QLD, Australia

Determining the author's intent in a social media post is a challenging multimodal task and requires identifying complex relationships between image and text in the post. For example, the post image can represent an object, person, product, or company, while the text can be an ironic message about the image content. Similarly, a text can be a news headline, while the image represents a provocation, meme, or satire about the news. Existing approaches propose intent classification techniques combining both modalities. However, some posts may have missing textual annotations. Hence, we investigate a graph-based approach that propagates available text embedding data from complete multimodal posts to incomplete ones. This paper presents a text embedding propagation method, which transfers embeddings from BERT neural language models to image-only posts (i.e., posts with incomplete modality) considering the topology of a graph constructed from both visual and textual modalities available during the training step. By using this inference approach, our method provides competitive results when textual modality is available at different completeness levels, even compared to reference methods that require complete modalities.

In 2020, arak bali, traditional liquor from Bali, was legalized by the Governor of Bali, I Wayan Koster. This research aimed to reveal the construction of news headlines about the legalization of arak Bali. Data were sourced from various online news media (detiknews.com, kompas.com, tribunnews.com), collected by selecting news headlines with the keywords arak Bali and pelegalan, and analyzed using Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The results showed that the six news headlines used linguistic tools such as selected vocabulary that focused on the word legal, grammatical units that were dominated by clauses, syntactic functions dominated by the discourse’s topicalization, and a form of news emphasizing the statement of the legalization of arak bali by Koster. The mindset of the Balinese towards arak bali cannot be separated from their predominant belief system, Hinduism. Meanwhile, Koster’s commitment to arak bali shows his ideology, as an indigenous Balinese individual, of preserving Balinese culture and traditions. Finally, the headlines on the legalization of arak bali occurred at the situational level, with Balinese people welcoming the legalization of arak bali, resulting in Koster planning to hold an arak bali festival as a means of promoting and preserving Balinese cultureThis research aimed to reveal the construction of the news headlines about the legalization of arak bali by the Governor of Bali, I Wayan Koster. The data source was taken from various online news media such as detiknews.com, kompas.com, and tribunnews.com. Data were collected by selecting news headlines with the keywords arak bali and pelegalan, and analyzed using the Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The results showed that the six news headlines used linguistic tools such as selected vocabulary that was focused on word of legal, grammatical units which were dominated by clauses, syntactic functions which dominated by discourse’s topicalization, and news form which emphasized on the statement of the legalization of arak bali by I Wayan Koster. Then, the Balinese people's mindset towards arak bali cannot be separated from Hinduism as Balinese people’s belief. Meanwhile, Koster's commitment to arak bali shows his ideology as the indigenous Balinese individual to preserve Balinese culture and traditions. Finally, the headline news about the legalization of arak bali have occurred at the situational level which Balinese people is welcoming the legalization of arak bali, so Koster has planned to hold arak bali festival as a form of promotion and preservation of Balinese culture.

The widespread usage of social media has led to the increasing popularity of online advertisements, which have been accompanied by a disturbing spread of clickbait headlines. Clickbait dissatisfies users because the article content does not match their expectation. Detecting clickbait posts in online social networks is an important task to fight this issue. Clickbait posts use phrases that are mainly posted to attract a user’s attention in order to click onto a specific fake link/website. That means clickbait headlines utilize misleading titles, which could carry hidden important information from the target website. It is very difficult to recognize these clickbait headlines manually. Therefore, there is a need for an intelligent method to detect clickbait and fake advertisements on social networks. Several machine learning methods have been applied for this detection purpose. However, the obtained performance (accuracy) only reached 87% and still needs to be improved. In addition, most of the existing studies were conducted on English headlines and contents. Few studies focused specifically on detecting clickbait headlines in Arabic. Therefore, this study constructed the first Arabic clickbait headline news dataset and presents an improved multiple feature-based approach for detecting clickbait news on social networks in Arabic language. The proposed approach includes three main phases: data collection, data preparation, and machine learning model training and testing phases. The collected dataset included 54,893 Arabic news items from Twitter (after pre-processing). Among these news items, 23,981 were clickbait news (43.69%) and 30,912 were legitimate news (56.31%). This dataset was pre-processed and then the most important features were selected using the ANOVA F-test. Several machine learning (ML) methods were then applied with hyper-parameter tuning methods to ensure finding the optimal settings. Finally, the ML models were evaluated, and the overall performance is reported in this paper. The experimental results show that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) with the top 10% of ANOVA F-test features (user-based features (UFs) and content-based features (CFs)) obtained the best performance and achieved 92.16% of detection accuracy.

The tools of music theory and analysis have appeared in articles published in popular press venues for the last decade. Many of these articles, however, are written by non-experts and often stir controversy among academic writers due to assumptions or inaccuracies. Instead of passively arguing about this form of public music theory, this chapter encourages academic theorists to write stories for digital journalism outlets by explaining the role and context of this type of journalism, then outlining the process of pitching, writing, and editing a story. This chapter closes with a discussion of the specific responsibilities of music theorists who write for these venues, and the role of the academic in digital journalism.

These days, when you see the headline "How Safe Are Airplanes?" the text more likely refers to the spread of disease than the likelihood of a crash. With steady safety improvements over at least the last five decades, airplane crashes have become exceedingly uncommon, and they are rarely caused by flaws in the design of the airplane itself. The most common remaining causes are the usual suspects of human error, extreme weather events, and mechanical failure.

The headline of a news article is designed to succinctly summarize its content, providing the reader with a clear understanding of the news item. Unfortunately, in the post-truth era, headlines are more focused on attracting the reader’s attention for ideological or commercial reasons, thus leading to mis- or disinformation through false or distorted headlines. One way of combating this, although a challenging task, is by determining the relation between the headline and the body text to establish the stance. Hence, to contribute to the detection of mis- and disinformation, this paper proposes an approach—HeadlineStanceChecker—that determines the stance of a headline with respect to the body text to which it is associated. The novelty rests on the use of a two-stage classification architecture that uses summarization techniques to shape the input for both classifiers instead of directly passing the full news body text, thereby reducing the amount of information to be processed while keeping important information. Specifically, summarization is done through Positional Language Models leveraging on semantic resources to identify salient information in the body text that is then compared to its corresponding headline. The results obtained show that our approach achieves 94.31% accuracy for the overall classification and the best FNC-1 relative score compared with the state of the art. It is especially remarkable that the system, which uses only the relevant information provided by the automatic summaries instead of the whole text, is able to classify the different stance categories with very competitive results, especially in the discuss stance between the headline and the news body text. It can be concluded that using automatic extractive summaries as input of our approach together with the two-stage architecture is an appropriate solution to the problem. This research work has been partially funded by Generalitat Valenciana through project “SIIA: Tecnologías del lenguaje humano para una sociedad inclusiva, igualitaria, y accesible” with grant reference PROMETEU/2018/089, by the Spanish Government through project RTI2018-094653-B-C22: “Modelang: Modeling the behavior of digital entities by Human Language Technologies”, as well as by the project RTI2018-094649-B-I00: “INTEGER - Intelligent Text Generation”. Also, this paper is also based upon work from COST Action CA18231 “Multi3Generation: Multi-task, Multilingual, Multi-modal Language Generation”.

Using visual metaphors in ads is one of the communication techniques that brands have adopted to grab consumers' attention. The phenomenon of using food pictorial metaphors in non-food brand ads has spread in recent years, and given food's sensory nature, using this cue for a non-food brand can affect the way in which consumers interpret such ads. This research seeks to understand whether and how consumers perceive and process such a rhetorical figure. An exploratory qualitative approach is taken in two studies by using semi-structured interviews to explore consumers' reactions to different types of ads with food visual metaphors. The results reveal the predominance of congruency as a key processing mechanism of the ad at three levels: (a) between the food pictorial metaphor and the brand product category, (b) between the food visual metaphor and the brand itself, and (c) between the visual metaphor and the headline. Moreover, the food appetizing dimension, ad creativity, aesthetic appreciation of the ad, and consumers' aesthetic sensitivity are all revealed to play major roles in attitudes toward the ad.

What makes written text appealing? In this registered report protocol, we propose to study the linguistic characteristics of news headline success using a large-scale dataset of field experiments (A/B tests) conducted on the popular website Upworthy comparing multiple headline variants for the same news articles. This unique setup allows us to control for factors that can have crucial confounding effects on headline success. Based on prior literature and a pilot partition of the data, we formulate hypotheses about the linguistic features that are associated with statistically superior headlines. We will test our hypotheses on a much larger partition of the data that will become available after the publication of this registered report protocol. Our results will contribute to resolving competing hypotheses about the linguistic features that affect the success of text and will provide avenues for research into the psychological mechanisms that are activated by those features.

The newspaper headline “Dad Loses Kids Over Lobola Debt” graced the media a year ago. In this case (Knowledge Kgaugelo Majola v Gauteng Department of Health and Social Development; Jabulani Place of Safety; the Minister of Safety and Security;and Cynthia Mosia, case number: 1786/11 (unreported), hereinafter “the Majola case”) two toddlers were removed from the care of their father, the applicant, ten days after the burial of their mother. The basis for their removal was that their father had not rendered an amount of money outstanding towards ilobolo. The toddlers’ mother died before this amount could be settled. After removal, the children were initially placed in the care of their aunt and later moved to a state-care facility. The social worker involved informed thefather that the children would not be returned to him unless he settled the outstanding ilobolo. The court ordered the first and second respondents to return the minor children to the care and custody of the applicant. The court ruled that the conduct by the police and the department of social services of removing the children from the care of their father was unlawful. It further ordered the social worker involved to furnish reasons why she should not be reported for unprofessional conduct. This case has triggered concerns about the responsibility carried by social workers of applying the law, specifically law relating to children, when executing theirduties. This paper seeks to consider social work and the law in the light of the case highlighted above.

From the perspective of the Relevance Theory, an utterance is considered “relevant” to the extent that its positive cognitive effects are large and the mental processing effort is small. Taken that news headlines may be designed to optimize relevance, as well as to promote newsworthiness and sensationalism, the central aim of this study is to analyze Brazilian news headlines in an attempt to associate some tenets of Relevance Theory to the notions of newsworthiness and sensationalism. In order to carry out the study, 56 front pages from major Brazilian newspapers, extracted from the Corpus de Manchetes Brasileiras (CMB – Brazilian News headline Corpus), were analyzed. After the main headlines were identified, a sample was formed in order to carry out the qualitative analysis. The results showed how news headlines packed information in such a way that the news items many times appeared more significant and novel than it was the case. More particularly, the study also demonstrated how the headlines analyzed typically connected the concept of newsworthiness to the principles of Relevance Theory, while also working as click-baits to attract the reader to the news story. Na Teoria da Relevância, um enunciado é considerado mais “relevante” quanto maiores são seus efeitos cognitivos e menor o esforço mental requerido para seu processamento. Considerando que as manchetes podem ser elaboradas para otimizar a relevância, bem como para promover noticiabilidade (newsworthiness) e sensacionalismo, o objetivo central deste estudo é analisar manchetes brasileiras na tentativa de associar alguns princípios da Teoria da Relevância às noções de “noticiabilidade” e sensacionalismo. Para a realização do estudo, foram analisadas 56 capas de grandes jornais brasileiros, extraídas do Corpus de Manchetes Brasileiras (CMB - Brazilian News headline Corpus). Após a identificação das principais manchetes, criou-se uma amostra para a realização da análise qualitativa. Os resultados mostraram como as manchetes apresentam as informações de tal forma que as notícias muitas vezes parecem ser mais significativas e originais do que realmente são. Mais especificamente, o estudo demonstrou como as manchetes analisadas conectam tipicamente o conceito de noticiabilidade aos princípios da Teoria da Relevância, funcionando como “iscas” para atrair o leitor para a notícia.

Cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin have garnered a lot of attention in recent months due to their meteoric rise. In this paper, we propose a new method for predicting the direction of bitcoin price using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) together with sentiment analysis. Concretely, we train an LDA-based classifier that uses the current bitcoin price information and Twitter headline news in order to forecast the next-day direction of bitcoin price. The proposed model achieves highly accurate results beating several benchmark targets. In particular, the proposed approach produces forecast accuracy of 0.828 and AUC of 0.840 on the test data.

The pursuit of audience attention online has led organizations to conduct thousands of behavioral experiments each year in media, politics, activism, and digital technology. One pioneer of A/B tests was Upworthy.com, a U.S. media publisher that conducted a randomized trial for every article they published. Each experiment tested variations in a headline and image “package,” recording how many randomly-assigned viewers selected each variation. While none of these tests were designed to answer scientific questions, scientists can advance knowledge by meta-analyzing and data-mining the tens of thousands of experiments Upworthy conducted. This archive records the stimuli and outcome for every A/B test fielded by Upworthy between January 24, 2013 and April 30, 2015. In total, the archive includes 32,487 experiments, 150,817 experiment arms, and 538,272,878 participant assignments. The open access dataset is organized to support exploratory and confirmatory research, as well as meta-scientific research on ways that scientists make use of the archive., Measurement(s) behavior Technology Type(s) Web Site Factor Type(s) experimental group Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo sapiens Sample Characteristic - Environment internet Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14442737

Amidst the numerous reported negative effects of COVID-19, the Japanese public was rattled by the headline ‘Doctoral Students Have Decreased by Half’. However, a closer examination of the information revealed that the reported drop may be a ‘false alarm’ based on a series of articles related to this critical decision-making moment for prospective students. Studies regarding doctoral programmes are limited due, in part, to the relative marginalization of degree holders and low recognition of degrees in Japan. Thus, this case study was conducted to clarify the particular situations faced by Japanese doctoral students and how news is reported through digital media. The research revealed that digital news portals may contribute to the deformation and diffusion of information, highlighting the importance of verifying digital information so that students can make informed career-path decisions based on accurate situations and potentials.

Chinese and Russian government officials are keen to publicize their countries’ strategic partnership in emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence. This report evaluates the scope of cooperation between China and Russia as well as relative trends over time in two key metrics of AI development: research publications and investment. The findings expose gaps between aspirations and reality, bringing greater accuracy and nuance to current assessments of Sino-Russian tech cooperation.

Politically oriented “fake news”—false stories or headlines created to support or attack a political position or person—is increasingly being shared and believed on social media. Many online platforms have taken steps to address this by adding a warning label to articles identified as false, but past research has shown mixed evidence for the effectiveness of such labels, and many prior studies have looked only at either short-term impacts or non-political information. This study tested three versions of fake news labels with 541 online participants in a two-wave study. A warning that came before a false headline was initially very effective in both discouraging belief in false headlines generally and eliminating a partisan congruency effect (the tendency to believe politically congenial information more readily than politically uncongenial information). In the follow-up survey two weeks later, however, we found both high levels of belief in the articles and the re-emergence of a partisan congruency effect in all warning conditions, even though participants had known just two weeks ago the items were false. The new pre-warning before the headline showed some small improvements over other types, but did not stop people from believing the article once seen again without a warning. This finding suggests that warnings do have an important immediate impact and may work well in the short term, though the durability of that protection is limited. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41235-021-00315-z.

Beginners of foreign languages tend to pose their linguistic questions online. To describe the confusion, they usually use several example sentences in a foreign language, which makes the linguistic problem tedious long, and composed of two different languages. Therefore, generating a brief headline that covers the main points of the linguist question is important. We propose a new task: Generating Headlines for online Linguistic Questions (GHLQ). The task differs from the previous headline generation task. The main point is that the linguistic question and the headline contain two languages with specific corresponding morphology and syntax. For this reason, we propose a bilingual self-attention network, which can jointly model the information in two different languages effectively. Besides, we construct two datasets, JapLQ and GerLQ, from the real world, and we conduct experiments on these datasets. By the ways of automatic evaluation and human evolution, results show the effectiveness of our model.

Opinion polls regarding policies designed to tackle COVID-19 have shown public support has remained high throughout the first year of the pandemic in most places around the world. However, there is a risk that headline support over-simplifies people's views. We carried out a two-wave survey with six-month interval on a public sample (N= 212) in the UK, examining the factors that underpin lockdown policy support. We find that the majority of people support most public health measures introduced, but that they also see significant side effects of these policies, and that they consider many of these side effects as unacceptable in a cost–benefit analysis. We also find that people judged the threat of COVID-19 via the magnitude of the policy response, and that they do not use their perception of the personal threat to themselves or close others to guide their support for policy. Polling data only offer one simple perspective and do not illustrate the ambivalence many people feel around lockdown policies. There is also a meaningful risk of public opinion and government policy forming a symbiotic relationship, which impacts upon how effectively such policies are implemented both now, and in relation to future threats.

In the current scenario social media platforms are one the efficient way to share opinions and thoughts of an individual. User can freely share their thoughts on an event/ situation. This can be a curse for the society if social media platform is utilized with some bad intention to spread false information and create chaos/ confusion among public which greatly degrades user experience. In the current pandemic many people have their eye on any news article related to corona cure. Malicious users take this as an opportunity to spread fake news in order to create confusion among public or some monetary benefits, the detection of which is of paramount importance. The proposed technique is leverages to learn crucial evidences based on Context Knowledge, Distance Metric and Word Resemblance with respect to news article headline and its content concerning top 10 google search results related to the claim, where considering COVID-19 as one of the special case studies from the application perspective. This paper proposed a novel scheme for the prediction of false information and generated a covidfakenews dataset that further be utilized for the analysis and evaluation of our model. The results reveals that the proposed intelligent strategy gives promising experimental results and quite effective in predicting False information.

It is not uncommon for the Internet to be described in overwhelmingly bleak terms. It seems we’re hardly able to go a week without another headline about how Facebook is subverting user privacy or ...

The English language has survived the pangs of giving birth to its variations commonly called as World Englishes. Though there are many “Englishes” in the globe today, they do have similarities and differences which are manifested in the different styles employed by writers around the world. In this regard, the study aimed to analyze the structure of verb phrases in news headlines of the different countries in Kachru’s three concentric circles leading to the identification of types of verbs used. This is done to give fresher ideas into the style of headline writing by understanding what types of verbs are used by the writers from the inner, outer, and expanding circles. Using Brinton, L and Brinton, D’s (2010) structure of verb complementation, the researchers analyzed five news headlines per circle which served as their corpus in identifying the complements present in the verb phrases. This, furthermore, led to the following results: a) inner and outer circles mostly use monotransitive verbs, b) outer circle is characterized by its use of copulative verbs, inner circle by its usage of intransitive verb, and the expanding circle by its usage of prepositional and ditransitive verbs c) expanding and inner circles use diprepositional verbs while outer circle does not, d) the expanding and outer circles both use complex transitive, e) the expanding circle exhibits the characteristics of both inner and outer circles, and f) the circles overlap each other.

This article examines the recent rise of Islamophobic narratives in the Chinese cyberspace. Using content analysis of social media headline articles, this article argues that key Islamophobic actor...

International audience; UNAIDS and other partners provide support to countries to develop estimates of HIV and related indicators on an annual basis. These estimates are used to monitor epidemic trends, guide program planning and resource allocation, and inform policy decision-making. The collection of articles in this AIDS supplement provide the headline results for the 2019 UNAIDS estimates and describe the new developments in the methods used to produce these estimates.

The present paper deals with analyzing some sociolinguistic aspects of modern broadsheet obituaries. The following proposition acts as a hypothesis of the research- broadsheet obituaries reflect with exactitude two prevailing trends of the modern world- cultural uniformity and cultural diversity, plus they serve as a paragon of the genre. Methods essential for sociolinguistic research,in particular, for Ethnography of Communication and Discourse Analysis have been considered most relevant for proving the abovehypothesis. An online version of the youngest, and the widely-acclaimed British broadsheet - The Independent - was selected forobservation and qualitative and quantitative analyses. Obituaries since they were born as a popular feature of newspapers have mirrored cultures worldwide, they have revealedunwittingly what attitudes a certain nation has towards death and life. However, having undergone significant alterations, Britishobituaries emerged with a cult status focusing on life and neglecting death.The Independent obituary research unfolded the following: the online version of the newspaper contains edited obituariesrejecting family ones and thus facilitating their homogeneity. Persons worth writing obituaries about are selected thoroughly, leadingamong themare celebrities -arts, sports people, then come politicians, scientists,etc. Theseobituaries highlightprofessional accomplishmentsmorethanpersonaltraits. Withalltheresourcesavailable-layout, visualaspect,headline,etc.editorsattemptto makeobituaries analogous to articles from other sections of the paper. By leaving out religious-, culture-, and nation-specific aspectsthese obituaries nolonger serve as detectors ofculture. Theiruniformity appealsto a cosmopolitan readerandsets a matrix forthe global villagecitizens-amatrix oflife-style andachievements.However,by devoting 50percent ofobituaries topersons of other nationalities rather than to the British editors respond to another dominant trend – cultural diversity - and offer a glimpse of all cultures as a mosaic.Technically streamlined, linguistically elaborate, socially ever-updated, The Independent obituaries present a template for obituary writers worldwide.

Purpose This study aims to investigate whether and to what extent the characteristics of headlines impact the attraction of online financial articles by using data collected from WeChat, a popular social app in China. Design/methodology/approach By integrating the methods of econometric and text mining, this study analyzed the content of 113,917 headlines published by 126 official accounts from the day account being created to May 12, 2016. Hierarchical regression was used to investigate the effects of headline features, account ownership type and stock market volatility on the attraction of online financial articles. Findings The empirical results show that sentiment, length, domain specificity and language intensity in a headline are significantly associated with the attraction of an online financial article. In addition, the relative and moderating roles of stock market volatility and account ownership type were also explored, showing significant moderating effects on the relationship between sentiment and online article attraction. Research limitations/implications This study had several limitations. First, the sample data for this research were collected from one social media platform. While WeChat is the most popular social media application in China, it is just one of the many social media applications that can be used to publish online financial articles, and it differs from other social media applications greatly. This makes it hard to generalize the conclusions of the study. Future studies could compare the different features of headlines and their effects on the attraction of financial articles on different platforms. Second, in mining the characteristics of headline, this study only analyzed the influence of the sentiment, domain specificity, length and language intensity of the headline on article attraction. In future studies, in-depth analysis of the headline content could be conducted, such as the similarity between the body text and the headline, the theme and the sense of humor. However, the authors believe that these limitations do not have major negative implications for the results and contributions of this study. Practical implications From a practical perspective, this work could help official WeChat accounts to write better headlines for the articles they publish to attract more readers and fans and thus improve the value of their accounts, which would enable them to maximize the tangible benefits through differential pricing on advertisement placement. Originality/value The contributions of this study are as follows. First, the paper explored how headline sentiment influences article attraction and found that positive sentiment is negatively related to article attraction, while negative sentiment is positively related to article attraction. In addition, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the extent of negative sentiment and article attraction. Second, the paper investigates how headline domain specificity affects article attraction and there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between headline domain specificity and article attraction. Third, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first large-scale case study that explores the association between stock market volatility and the attraction of an online financial article.

The industry associates data processing with the application of geophysical algorithms to seismic data, but this definition is too narrow. We should consider a broader meaning particularly in these times of increased automation, and time and cost consciousness. If processing is a method to produce information from the manipulation of data, then we should consider the framework that enables this process. A system must exist to facilitate the work. Generally, systems are a collection of computers, networks, processes and to a lesser extent people. For any given input, they create an output, which in seismic data processing can be the application of a geophysical algorithm, or it can be reordering, reducing or aggregating data. In this system, the headline grabbing geophysical process may only be a small part of the work. The underlying framework needs to be as efficient as it can be, either managing the data, enabling the geophysical process, or both.

Online network platforms provide great convenience for users to obtain information. However, it’s challenging to select the required information from enormous texts. Automatic text headline generation methods not only guide users to select the information they are interested in, but also solve the problem of information overload. Nevertheless, the existing works mainly utilize the grammar rules to obtain the key information of the source text, while ignoring the dwell time of user’s attention on different text contents. To address this issue, this paper proposes an abstractive text headline generation model based on the eye-tracking attention mechanism. Specifically, this model first relies on the eye-tracking data to establish the mapping relationship between text words and the words’ reading time. Then, an eye-tracking attention mechanism is constructed to judge the importance of different words. Finally, this attention mechanism is integrated into the encoder-decoder framework to generate a high-quality headline. Experimental results obtained from different datasets demonstrate that the headline generated by our model is more concise. Moreover, our proposed model outperforms significantly the classical headline generation models on ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2 and ROUGE-L.

Use of English loanwords in mass media like newspapers is so prominent. However, the writers still use the words even though the words go through meaning changes. Hence, this study aims to investigate why the writers still use loanwords in their article. Loanwords from the headline of Radar Kediri were taken as data. There were sixty-seven English loanwords variations used in the articles of the headlines in the time span of the study. Close and open questionnaires were administered to the writers and the editors of the headline articles. Questionnaires encompassed the English loanwords which the writers wrote in their articles were administered to them. Interviewing the other editor was also used as data crosschecks. This study found that, first, there are six different categories undergoing a meaning change in the headline of Radar Kediri based on Bloomfield semantic change classification, viz, Narrowing, Widening, Metaphor, Synecdoche, Degeneration, and Elevation. Second, there are six reasons why the writers use English loanwords in their articles: be more effective in conveying a message, be more global/common in use, be more modern, be more educated, to vary vocabulary in a sentence by using synonymous, and to avoid monotony

PurposeThe headlines of online news are created carefully to influence audience news selection today. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between news headline presentation and users’ clicking behavior.Design/methodology/approachTwo types of unobtrusive data were collected and analyzed jointly for this purpose. A two-month server log file containing 39,990,200 clickstream records was obtained from an institutional news site. A clickstream data analysis was conducted at the footprint and movement levels, which extracted 98,016 clicks received by 7,120 headlines ever displayed on the homepage. Meanwhile, the presentation of these headlines was characterized from seven dimensions, i.e. position, format, text length, use of numbers, use of punctuation marks, recency and popularity, based on the layout and content crawled from the homepage.FindingsThis study identified a series of presentation characteristics that prompted users to click on the headlines, including placing them in the central T-shaped zones, using images, increasing text length properly for greater clarity, using visually distinctive punctuation marks, and providing recency and popularity indicators.Originality/valueThe findings have valuable implications for news providers in attracting clicks to their headlines. Also, the successful application of nonreactive methods has significant implications for future user studies in both information science and journalism.

The paper attempts to describe a number of linguistic and pragmatic aspects of modeling the anti-Russian discourse in the English language media headlines. The authors focus on the coverage of the Skripal poisoning case and the specific language means employed by a range of English-language news sources, such as The Guardian, BBC, CNN, Politico, The Mirror, The Daily Mail, The New Zealand Herald, The Herald. The results of the study indicate that one of the most effective and widespread media manipulation techniques is misinformation accompanied by a discrepancy between the headline and the content of the article. The research seeks to classify manipulation techniques according to the way of their actualization in the language and the degree of misinformation: full fabrication, partial fabrication, manipulated content, selective quoting, false connection, emphasizing communication relevant elements by means of the actual division of the sentence. The implementation of such manipulation techniques is aimed at shaping public opinion on the incident at issue in order to promote a negative image of Russia and its leader in terms of their alleged involvement in the Skripal attack.

Utilization of linguistic features of metaphors in political communication leads to diverse interpretations and can lead to conflict. The purpose of this study is to describe the conceptualization of political metaphors in the headline. The data in this study are words, phrases and sentences of political discourse metaphors. The source of data in this study is the title of political news in tribunnews.com January-March edition 2019. The data collection technique in this study uses the documentation, listening and note-taking method. Data analysis in this study uses techniques for direct elements (BUL) and is sharpened by cognitive semantic analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate the use of metaphors in online media politics tribunnews.com covering structural metaphors, orientational metaphors, and ontological metaphors. The tendency of the metaphor used is the metaphor of ontology. This shows that speakers utilize metaphors based on their thoughts and experiences.

Objectives: Roman-Urdu consider as a non-standard language used frequently on the Internet. To classify text from article tagging on Roman-Urdu is such difficult task because of many irregularities in spellings, for example, the word khubsurat (beautiful) in Roman-Urdu has multiple spellings. It can also be written as khoobsurat, khubsoorat, and khobsorat. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this study, we scrap Roman-Urdu language news headline from various online newspapers. Our corpus contains 12319 news headlines which contain seven categories i.e. Accident, Sports, Weather, Arrest, Conference, Operation and Violence. We also use different preprocessing approaches like Roman-Urdu Stop words and apply IR models i.e. TF-IDF and Count Vector for feature extraction before applying classifier algorithms. Findings: We also compare results between different Machine Learning algorithm such as RF, LSVC, MNB, LR, RC, PAC, Perceptron, NC, SGDC and NC. Our model predicts best result to identify desire class on SGD classifier which gives 93.50% accuracy. Application/ Improvements: It is recommended that SGD Classifiers should be used in roman-Urdu news headline text classification. Keywords: Linear SVC, Multinomial Naive Bays (MNB), Ridge Classifier (RC), Random Forest, Roman-Urdu, Supervised Machine Learning, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Text Classification, Tf-Idf

BACKGROUND: Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]), commonly referred to as Molly in the US, is commonly adulterated with drugs potentially more dangerous than MDMA. Synthetic cathinones (“bath salts”) are common adulterants, and use of these compounds tends to be stigmatized. We investigated whether presenting information on the extent of ecstasy being adulterated with “bath salts” affects intentions to use. METHODS: A total of 1,025 adults entering electronic dance music parties were surveyed in 2018. Using an experimental posttest-only design with random assignment, half were randomly assigned to view a published Vice headline about ecstasy/Molly commonly being adulterated with “bath salts.” RESULTS: Overall, 30.5% of the sample reported past-year ecstasy use, and before viewing the headline, 16.4% agreed that ecstasy/Molly commonly contains “bath salts.” While controlling for pre-test knowledge of “bath salt” adulteration, viewing the headline reduced the odds of intention to use ecstasy/Molly only among non-past-year ecstasy users (Odd ratio [OR] = 0.54; p = .048). Viewing the headline increased the odds (OR = 1.81, p = .030) of past-year ecstasy users’ intention to test their ecstasy for adulterants. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge that ecstasy is commonly adulterated may help reduce the risk for future use among non-recent users and increase the willingness of users to test their ecstasy. This information can be used to target those at risk for ecstasy/Molly use.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of head-and-shoulder photos of CEOs appearing in a publicity item to influence reader regard for the corporation linked to the CEO. Design/methodology/approach Study 1 investigated three factors, face of a male CEO (trustworthy versus less trustworthy), headline framing of a corporate merger (tax-dodge vs specialization strategy) and respondent gender, whereas Study 2 explored two factors, face of a CEO (male vs female) and headline framing. The primary dependent variable was respondent regard for the firm. Findings Study 1 resulted in a significant three-way interaction. Face of a male CEO moderated a two-way interaction between the gender and the headline. Women, as compared with men, responded particularly unfavorably to the combination of an untrustworthy face and a tax-dodge headline. In Study 2, a firm headed by a male CEO and engaged in a tax-dodge action was poorly regarded, whereas a firm headed by a female CEO pursuing the same action did not suffer a loss of regard. Research limitations/implications Only one framing device (headlines) was studied when there are multiple such devices. Also, overall regard for the firm is influenced by multiple factors. Originality/value Of the factors investigated (facial image, headline and reader gender), only one is controlled by the corporation – the image of the spokesperson presented to the media. Findings suggest less downside risk to reputation if the company uses only trustworthy-looking spokespersons. Also, a female CEO may be a reputational asset. Women reported significantly more positive feelings toward a corporation headed by a female CEO than a male CEO.

Objectives: Sindhi language, historically rich belongs to Indo-Aryan language with diverse background and diverse dialects. Recent drive in globalization, e-commerce and e-literacy have influenced on languages as well. There are lots of magazines, Sindhi books, newspapers and web material available online, but unluckily still proper dataset is not designed for Sindhi information processing. This research study focuses on the Sindhi language news headline texts dataset and automated tool for the online texts’ classification based on the predefined label. Methods/Statistical Analysis: For the collection of datasets, the scraping tool is designed for extraction of the headline news from most popular newspapers: Awami Awaz and Daily Jhoongar. The dataset contains 2800 Sindhi headline news with five categories: 0. Entertainment, 1. Sports, 2. Science and Technology, 3. International, 4. National, 5. Sindhi news. The dataset is normalized by removing stop words and cleaning the spaces, punctuations and other unnecessary texts. Furthermore, the language feature is analyzed using TF-IDF and vector model. This paper presents Sindhi headline news classification model with implementation of the machine learning classification algorithms, namely. Multinomial NB, Linear SVC, Logistic Regression, MLP classifier, SGD Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Ridge Classifier. Findings: The results show that the performance of the Linear SVC and MLP Classifier indicate better results on Sindhi headlines news categorization as compared to other classification techniques. This research study helps in improving the automatic classification of Sindhi text headline news. Application/Improvements: It is recommended that LSVC and MLP Classifiers should be used in Sindhi language news headline classification.

This paper presents the results of news analysis of the Supreme Court decision that Indigenous Faiths on the ID card (E-KTP) with Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach as the central platform. The study covers descriptions (text analysis), interpretations (discourse practices), and explanations (social practices). The results are as follows. (1) The structure of the news text Indigenous Faiths allowed on the ID card is built by four units of discourse: headline, orientation, the sequence of events, closing. Modalities and affirmative sentences represent the positive ideology of the conflicting faction and the institutions (government, scientists, and community leaders). Meanwhile, prohibiting speech and negative sentences represent the negative ideology. (2) What events occur, who is involved, what is the relationship with the issue raised, and what role the language can be expressed through the interpretation of the practice of discourse. (3) The situation when the news text is produced, the influence of the institution on the produced text, and the condition of Indonesians related to economic, political, social, and cultural interests (socio-cultural context).

The headline of a newspaper article summarizes the content of the article, communicates the issue, and implies the importance of the article (Van Dijk, 1988). As you can see from the term ‘a shopper of headlines’, newspaper readers are mainly reading the headlines. In fact, the headline is used to determine the overall flow of the article content and to determine whether to read the article before readers read the article. Moreover, the ever-decreasing rate of readership and readership of newspapers increases the role and impact of headlines that capture readers’ attention and read the text. In terms of journalism and readers’ acceptance, the headline plays an important role and function as much as the text of a newspaper article. Although the headlines serve as the front door of newspaper articles, they are common in the world, but the characteristics of the headlines and the practices of headlines may differ from one language culture to another. The biggest feature of the Korean headline is that it uses a lot of quotes directly in the headline. Although direct quotes are intense elements that cause the reader"s visual tension in the article text, they are used from the beginning, and in spite of the fact that they are used with special attention (Brooks, Kennedy, Moen, & Ranly 2002) The frequency is markedly higher. The so-called ‘double-quoted journalism’, which directly quotes the title of the article, has long been pointed out by Korean journalism scholars (Lee 2007; Hwang 2008). "Dual-quote journalism" is a term that criticizes Korean headline journalism practice, which does not independently verify the contents of a specific source, but makes a citation (Lee 2007: 67). This study focuses on ‘double quotation journalism’ in Korea and examines how Korean headline journalism practice is reflected and controlled in Korean - Japanese translation.

The research examined a genre-based analysis of a tourism promotion website of natural wonders on the official website of Sumenep regency. It used descriptive qualitative research. Source of the data was the Indonesian website of Sumenep regency on five natural wonders: they were tourism destinations in Gili Iyang, Gili Labak, Pantai Badur, Pantai Lombang, and Pantai Slopeng. Data collection was done by a classification of the move, step, and strategy that was proposed by Huang on sentence-based using Nvivo software. The findings yield from the proposed move and steps, and there are only four moves available compared to the proposed move and step. They comprise the move 1 headline, move 2 establishing credentials, move 3 directive information, move 4 soliciting response, and four steps in move 2 comprises step 1 introducing general situation, step 2 quoting literature, step 3 describing services or facilities, and step 4 describing critical attractions in the tourism promotion official website. The four moves found in official websites become obligatory because all moves are available in all contents of the tourism promotion website. The establishing credential move occupies the large portion of the website in giving information about the destination. Move 2 steps 2 quoting literature and move four could be categorized into non-obligatory moves because of those moves only available in one of the tourism promotions in the official website of Sumenep regency.

In today’s media landscape, people are encouraged to verify the news and information they encounter. Using an online experiment, this study explores audience’s intent to verify a news headline by manipulating whether the headline is true or false, from a source that varies in credibility, and perceived to be congruent or incongruent with participants’ partisanship. Results show that participants exhibit a higher intent to verify when they believe the headline is true, which is predicted by perceived congruency with preexisting ideological leanings. We discuss these findings in terms of the normative limitations of audience verification.

The present study was conducted to examine the perceptions and collective consciousness of the leading people in Samsun province to find out at which level of branding process the province is in and the information and thoughts of the related units were gathered. In the study, standardized open-ended interviews were conducted with seven people who witnessed the branding process of Samsun province, who played an active role or who are likely to play an active role in this process. In interviews conducted with the presidents of MUSIAD, SAGID, SAMIKAD, TUMSIAD, SAMSIAD, SAMGIAD and Samsun Metropolitan Municipality Mayor, it was observed that everyone gathered around a common idea; however, they did not share these ideas with each other; and in addition to the fact that there was no headline for branding yet, everyone had a different perception and information on the issue. In this study, following city branding and city marketing assessments, the method and results of the study were given in detail and the things which can be done during the process of branding were discussed in detail.

In her introduction to The Tattoo Project: Commemorative Tattoos, Visual Culture and the Digital Archive, Deborah Davidson cites a headline from a 2014 BBC news article that articulates a lingering...

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. News media organisations are experimenting with a new generation of newsbots that move beyond automated headline delivery to the delivery of news according to a conversational format within the context of private messaging services. To build the newsbot, journalists craft statements and answers to users’ questions that mimic a natural conversation between a journalist and user. In so doing, journalists are experimenting with styles of communication that reflect very particular journalistic personas. We investigate the persona of the news chatbot created by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), the better to understand how the public broadcaster’s forays into social media service delivery and automation are shaping new relationships between public service broadcasters and their audiences. We find that, for a section of the audience that uses it, the friendly newsbot contrasts favourably with their previous experience with news and the journalists who produce it. The public service journalists who operate the bot are, in turn, using the bot to try to reach new audiences by experimenting with a more informal, intimate relationship with citizen users. The supposedly “intelligent” (but in actual fact very much human-crafted) newsbot is the vehicle through which this new relationship is being forged.

Metaphor is one of the most frequently used resources in the specialized language of sports (cf. Segrave, 2000; Herráez Pindado, 2004; Segura Soto, 2009; Medina Montero, 2015). The focus of this study is on how victory and defeat are expressed through metaphors in sports headlines. The data collection consists of 100 sports headlines in English and 100 in Spanish. Based on our findings, we argue that there is a diversity of metaphors that take advantage of mutual semantic fields to present victory and defeat in the two corpora, the semantic fields that were identified in the study are: a) war, b) laws, c) cleaning, d) royalty, e) life and death, f) space and g) pain. Finally, when a team’s nickname is an animal-related name, journalists map the properties of the animal onto the team (Silaški, 2009) to make the headline more attractive for the audience.

It made headline news when the leader of the UK's biggest relationship support charity revealed the organisation was considering the possibility of deploying chatbots using artificial intelligence (Al) for live chat counselling services. Developments in the potential of digital assistive technology to help treat a range of mental health issues are growing, and Al is proving a foundation technology for bots designed for human-like interaction with individuals. Their proponents say that these virtual therapists can help with disorders from low-level depression to social anxiety. They can also play a part in destigmatising mental health monitoring in homes and workplaces.

Trustworthiness is an elusive quality. We may completely or partially trust relatives, friends, colleagues, or strangers. We also place a great deal of trust in the operators of airplanes, cars,medical prognoses, invasive medical devices, and other complex systems, potentially risking our lives doing so. Similarly, we trust that the designers, builders, testers, operators, and maintainers of these complex systems took great care in ensuring safety and reliability. But no matter what measures are taken to ensure error free operation, we acknowledge a certain level of risk of failure, even catastrophic failure in these systems, because they are built and operated by humans. What about those systems that employ artificial intelligence (AI), such as driverless cars, autopilots, invasive medical devices, and certain types of systems in the internet of things? Do we expect these AI enabled systems to operate in such a way that they can be trusted more than those that are operated only by humans? It seems to be headline news when an AI capable system fails, particularly when the blame can be placed directly on the underlying “intelligence.” But we should not be surprised when AI enabled systems fail and we can prove it to you? In fact, while we strongly advocate for such systems, we think we should insist on an even higher level of professionalism and rigor when developing and deploying AI systems.