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203. Impact of Plant Population on Corn Yield.

Author

Kelley, J. P., Keene, T. D., Hayes, S., and Treat, C.

Subjects
PLANT populations, CORN, CORN farming, HYBRID corn, COMMERCIAL space ventures
Abstract

Identifying the optimum corn (Zea mays L.) plant population is critical for growing high-yielding corn. Field trials evaluating the impact of corn plant population, plant population x nitrogen rate, and plant population x row spacing on yield and late-season lodging potential were conducted in 2020 and 2021 at either the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture's Lon Mann Cotton Research Station (LMCRS) near Marianna, Arkansas, or the Southeast Research and Extension Center (SEREC) near Rohwer, Arkansas. In 2021, in a plant population trial at the LMCRS near Marianna, corn yield responded positively to increasing plant population from 20,500 plants/ac to 36,000 to 37,500 plants/ac, depending on the hybrid. Increasing plant populations greater than 40,000 reduced yields regardless of the hybrid. In a separate plant population x nitrogen rate study at Marianna in 2020, corn hybrids DKC 67-44 and Master Farmer MB-T159 both responded to increasing plant populations. The hybrid DKC 67-44's yields were increased from 187.3 bu./ac to 233.7 bu./ac as plant populations increased from 20,520 to 40,140 plants/ac when averaged over nitrogen rates. Master Farmer MB-T159 showed less plant population response, and yields ranged from 172.4 bu./ ac at 18,650 plants/ac to 208.4 bu./ac at 28,140 plants/ac when averaged across nitrogen rates. Averaged across plant populations, nitrogen rates of 180 and 220 lb N/ac produced similar yields, while the 260 lb N/ac produced the highest yields for both DKC 67-44 and Master Farmer MB-T159 hybrids. In a plant population x row spacing trial at the SEREC, near Rohwer, row spacings of 38-in. produced 5.6 bu./ac more than 19-in. row spacing when averaged across plant populations that ranged from 18,000 to 45,000 plants/ac, indicating that narrow row spacing does not necessarily increase corn yields and may not provide the necessary yield increase needed to justify the added expense to convert to a narrow row corn system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

208. Sir Peter Freyer Memorial Lecture and Surgical Symposium 15th and 16th September, 1995

Author

Calleary, J., Tansey, C., McCormack, J., Kapur, S., Doyle, J., Flynn, J., Curran, A. J., Smyth, D., Kane, B., Toner, M., Timon, C. V. I., Cronin, K. J., O’Donoghue, J., Darmanin, F. X., McCann, J., Campbell, F., Redmond, H. P., Condron, C., Bouchier-Hayes, D., Aizaz, K., MacGowan, S. W., O’Donnell, A. F., Luke, D. A., McGovern, E., Morrin, M., Khan, F., Delaney, P. V., Lavelle, S. M., Kanagaratnam, B., Cuervas-Mons, V., Gauthier, A., Gips, C., Santos, R. Marques dos, Molino, G. P., Theodossi, A., Tsiftsis, D. D., Boyle, C. J. O., Boyle, T. J., Kerin, M. J., Courtney, D. M., Quill, D. S., Given, H. F., O’Brien, D. F., Kelly, E. J., Kelly, J., Richardson, D., Fanning, N. F., Brennan, R., Horgan, P. G., Keane, F. B. V., Reid, S., Walsh, C., Patock, R., Hall, J., Evoy, D., Magd-Eldin, M., Curran, D., Keeling, P., Ade-Ajayi, N., Spitz, L., Kiely, E., Drake, D., Klein, N., O’Hanlon, D. M., Karat, D., Callanan, K., Crisp, W., Griffin, S. M., Murchan, P. M., Mancey-Jones, B., Sedman, P., Mitchell, C. J., Macfie, J., Scott, D., Raimes, S., O’Boyle, C. J., Maher, D., Willsher, P. C., Robertson, J. F. R., Hilaly, M., Blarney, R. W., Shering, S. G., Mitrovic, S., Rahim, A., McDermott, E. W., O’Higgins, N. J., Murphy, C. A., Morgan, D., Elston, C. W., Ellis, I. O., O’Sullivan, M. P., O’Riordain, M. G., Stack, J. P., Barry, M. K., Ennis, J. T., Fitzpatrick, J. M., Gorey, T. F., Kollis, J., Mullet, H., Smith, D. F., Zbar, A., Murray, M. J., McDermott, E. W. M., Smyth, P. P. A., Kapucouglu, N., Holmes, S., Holland, P., McCollum, P. T., da Silva, A., de Cossart, L., Hamilton, D., Kelly, C. J., Stokes, K., Broe, P., Crinnion, J., Grace, P. A., Morton, N., Ross, N., Naidu, S., Gervaz, P., Holdsworth, R. J., Stonebridge, P. A., O’Donnell, A., Carson, K., Phelan, D., McBrinn, S., McCarthy, D., Javadpour, H., McCarthy, J., Neligan, M., Caldwell, M. T. P., McGrath, J. P., Byrne, P. J., Walsh, T. N., Lawlor, P., Timon, C., Stuart, R. C., Murray, K., Carney, A., Johnston, J. G., Egan, B., O’Connell, P. R., Donoghue, J., Pollock, A., Hyde, D., Hourihan, D., Tanner, W. A., Donohue, J., Fanning, N., Horgan, P., Mahmood, A., Dave, K., Stewart, J., Cole, A., Hartley, R., Brennan, T. G., O’Donoghue, J. M., O’Sullivan, S. T., Beausang, E., Panchal, J., O’Shaughnessy, M., O’Grady, P., Watson, R. W. G., Johnstone, D., O’Donnell, J., McCarthy, E., Flynn, N., O’Dwyer, T., Curran, C., Duggan, S., Tierney, S., Qian, Z., Lipsett, P. A., Pitt, H. A., Lillemoe, K. D., Kollias, J., Morgan, D. A. L., Young, I. S., Regan, M. C., Geraghty, J. G., Suilleabhain, C. B. O., Rodrick, M. L., Horgan, A. F., Mannick, J. A., Lederer, J. A., Hennessy, T. P. J., Canney, M., Feeley, K., Connolly, C. E., Abdih, H., Finnegan, N., Da Costa, M., Shafii, M., Martin, A. J., Mulcahy, D., Dolan, M., Stephens, M., McManus, F., Walsh, M., O’Brien, D. P., Phillips, J. P., Carroll, T. A., O’Brien, D., Rawluk, D., Sullivan, T., Herbert, K., Kerins, M., O’Donnell, M., Lawlor, D., McHugh, M., Edwards, G., Rice, J., McCabe, J. P., Sparkes, J., Hayes, S., Corcoran, M., Bredin, H., O’Keeffe, D., Candon, J., Mulligan, E. D., Lynch, T. H., Mulvin, D., Vingers, L., Smith, J. M., Corby, H., Barry, K., Eardley, I., Frick, J., Goldwasser, B., Wiklund, P., Rogers, E., Weaver, R., Scardino, P. T., Kumar, R., Puri, P., Adeyoju, A. B., Lynch, T., Corr, J., McDermott, T. E. D., Grainger, R., Thornhill, J., Butler, M., Keegan, D., Hegarty, N., McCarthy, P., Mirza, A. H., O’Sullivan, M., Neary, P., O’Connor, T. P. F., McCormack, D., Cunningham, K., Cassidy, N., Sullivan, T., Mulhall, K., Murphy, M., Puri, A., Dhaif, B., Carey, P. D., Delicata, R. J., Abbasakoor, F., Stephens, R. B., Hussey, A. J., Garrihy, B., Nolan, D. J., McAnena, O. J., Fitzgerald, R., Watson, D., Coventry, B. J., Malycha, P., Ward, S. C., Kwok, S. P. Y., Lau, W. Y., Bergman, J. W., Hacking, G. E. B., Metreweli, C., Li, A. K. C., Madhavan, P., Donohoe, J., O’Donohue, M., McNamara, D. A., and O’Donohoe, M. K.

Published
1995
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212. SIOG2022-0144 - Resiliency among Older Adults Receiving Lung Cancer Treatment (ROAR-LCT, NCT04229381): The feasibility of a novel supportive care intervention with collection of longitudinal gut microbiome specimens and activity tracking during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Presley, C., Grogan, M., Hoyd, R., Compston, A., Hock, K., Knauss, B., Redder, E., Arrato, N., Lo, S., Benedict, J., Janse, S., Hayes, S., Williams, N., Wheeler, C., Carbone, D., Paskett, E., Andersen, B., and Spakowicz, D.

Published
2022
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214. Identification of Fromiamycalin and Halaminol A from Australian Marine Sponge Extracts with Anthelmintic Activity against Haemonchus contortus

Author

Herath, H, Preston, S, Jabbar, A, Garcia-Bustos, J, Taki, A, Addison, R, Hayes, S, Beattie, K, McGee, S, Martin, S, Ekins, M, Hooper, J, Chang, B, Hofmann, A, Davis, R, Gasser, R, Herath, H, Preston, S, Jabbar, A, Garcia-Bustos, J, Taki, A, Addison, R, Hayes, S, Beattie, K, McGee, S, Martin, S, Ekins, M, Hooper, J, Chang, B, Hofmann, A, Davis, R, and Gasser, R

Abstract

There is an urgent need to discover and develop new anthelmintics for the treatment of parasitic nematodes of veterinary importance to circumvent challenges linked to drug resistant parasites. Being one of the most diverse natural ecosystems, the marine environment represents a rich resource of novel chemical entities. This study investigated 2000 extracts from marine invertebrates, collected from Australian waters, for anthelmintic activity. Using a well-established in vitro bioassay, these extracts were screened for nematocidal activity against Haemonchus contortus — a socioeconomically important parasitic nematode of livestock animals. Extracts (designated Mu-1, Ha-1 and Ha-2) from two marine sponges (Monanchora unguiculata and Haliclona sp.) each significantly affected larvae of H. contortus. Individual extracts displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of both the motility of exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3s) and the development of xL3s to fourth-stage larvae (L4s). Active fractions in each of the three extracts were identified using bioassay-guided fractionation. From the active fractions from Monanchora unguiculata, a known pentacyclic guanidine alkaloid, fromiamycalin (1), was purified. This alkaloid was shown to be a moderately potent inhibitor of L4 development (half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 26.6 ± 0.74 µM) and L4 motility (IC50 = 39.4 ± 4.83 µM), although it had a relatively low potency at inhibiting of xL3 motility (IC50 ≥ 100 µM). Investigation of the active fractions from the two Haliclona collections led to identification of a mixture of amino alcohol lipids, and, subsequently, a known natural product halaminol A (5). Anthelmintic profiling showed that 5 had limited potency at inhibiting larval development and motility. These data indicate that fromiamycalin, other related pentacyclic guanidine alkaloids and/or halaminols could have potential as anthelmintics following future medicinal chemistry efforts.

Published
2019

224. Cover Crop and Phosphorus and Potassium Application Rate Effects on Soil-Test Values and Cotton Yield.

Author

Smartt, A. D., Slaton, N. A., Roberts, T. L., Drescher, G. L., Martin, L., Hayes, S., and Treat, C.

Subjects
POTASSIUM fertilizers, COVER crops, RYE, COTTON, CROPS, NUTRIENT cycles, FERTILIZERS
Abstract

Cover crops may affect soil-test phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations and the following crop's response to fertilization by influencing soil nutrient cycling. This report summarizes year 5 results of a field trial examining the influence of cover crop and fertilizer-P and -K application on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield response and soil-test P and K. Research was conducted at two locations with soil samples collected from the 0- to 6-in. depth at cover crop planting in fall 2020 and termination in spring 2021. The fourth annual fertilizer-P and -K treatment applications were made to subplot fertilizer treatments, and cotton was planted following cover crop termination. Cereal rye (Secale cereale) biomass (1107 to 3449 lb/ac) contained the equivalent of 8 to 24 lb P2O5 and 30 to 83 lb K2O/ac, but fertilizer rate did not affect biomass content of treatment nutrients in any trial. Soil organic matter was greater with the cover crop, relative to fallow, in 1 of the 4 trials, and the cover crop occasionally resulted in greater soil-test sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu), but cover crop generally did not impact spring soil-test values. Fertilizer rates were consistently reflected in soil-test values following three annual applications, with values increasing as rates increased. Fertilizer rate, cover crop, or their interaction had no significant effect on yield in three of the trials, but the interaction between cover crop and fertilizer-K rate did influence cotton yield at one site, where cotton in the winter fallow rotation with no fertilizer-K resulted in lower yield than other cover crop and K rate combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

228. Photoreceptor crosstalk in shade avoidance

Author

Fraser, Donald, Hayes, S., Franklin, Kerry, Sub Plant Ecophysiology, and Plant Ecophysiology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Canopy, Photoreceptors, Plant, UVR8, Phototropin, Light, Plant Development, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Shade avoidance, Cryptochrome, Botany, Life Science, Plant Physiological Phenomena, health care economics and organizations, Sunlight, Phytochrome, Ecology, fungi, social sciences, humanities, 030104 developmental biology, Shading, sense organs, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Plants integrate a variety of environmental signals to determine the threat of competitor shading and use this information to initiate escape responses, termed shade avoidance. Photoreceptor-mediated light signals are central to this process. Encroaching vegetation is sensed as a reduction in the ratio of red to far-red wavebands (R:FR) by phytochromes. Plants shaded within a canopy will also perceive reduced blue light signals and possibly enriched green light through cryptochromes. The detection of canopy gaps may be further facilitated by blue light sensing phototropins and the UV-B photoreceptor, UVR8. Once sunlight has been reached, phytochrome and UVR8 inhibit shade avoidance. Accumulating evidence suggests that multiple plant photoreceptors converge on a shared signalling network to regulate responses to shade.

Published
2016

230. A-015 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms are Associated with Reduced Performance on the MoCA among Vietnam Veterans

Author

Moody J, Prieto S, Hayes J, Hayes S, and Valerio K

Subjects
business.industry, Stressor, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, Ethnic group, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Cognition, General Medicine, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Posttraumatic stress, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Neuroimaging, Medicine, business, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Objective To examine cross-sectional associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, number of stressors experienced, and cognitive outcomes in Vietnam War veterans. Methods 366 adults between the ages of 60–85 years old completed a Vietnam Veterans Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Project (ADNI-DoD) visit consisting of a clinical interview and neuropsychological assessment. Number of stressful experiences were measured with the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSC-R). Severity scores were assessed via the current Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Correlations were conducted between selected measures of stress and age, years of education, sex, ethnicity, and race. Demographic variables with significant associations with stress were included as covariates in the hierarchical regressions. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to examine the effect of CAPS and LSC-R on baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Results Higher CAPS scores (indicating higher PTSD severity) were associated with worse cognitive outcomes on the MoCA [ΔF(1,269) = 15.058, p Conclusions In a sample of older veterans, PTSD symptom severity was associated with worse performance on the MoCA. Moreover, further analyses indicated that results within the memory and attention domains are driving these results. As such, treating PTSD symptoms may be helpful in maintaining cognitive function as adults age.

Published
2020

231. Poster display II clinical general

Author

Gurgenyan, S., Vatinyan, S., Nikogosyan, K., Edilyan, L., Chobanyan, B., Lacourcière, Y., Marcel Dumont, M., Lefebvre, J., Poirier, L., Côté, C., Peix, A., Alonso, O., Chae, I., Chung, J., Gutierrez, C., Kropp, J., Onsel, C., Silvasi, I., Llerena, L., Padhy, A., Garcia-Barreto, D., Trapaga, A., Asen, L., Infante, O., Ponce, F., Cabrera, L., Valiente, J., Tornes, F., Guerrero, I., Zayas, R., ones, M., Castro, J., Fayad, Y., Carrillo, R., Paz, A., Mehlsen, J., Hædersdal, C., Daou, D., Benada, A., Lebtahi, R., Idy-Peretti, I., Guludec, D., Coaguila, C., Vilain, D., Leenhardt, A., Heinicke, N., Benesch, B., Kaiser, T., Seegmüller, M., Schönberger, J., Eilles, C., Riegger, G., Holmer, S., Luchner, A., Kouris, N., Kontogianni, D., Goranitou, G., Sifaki, M., Kalkandi, E., Grassos, H., Papoulia, E., Babalis, D., Moralidis, E., Spyridonidis, T., Arsos, G., Karakatsanis, K., Karatzas, N., Parameswaran, R., Sundaram, P., Padma, S., Haridas, K., Zachariah, M., Kumar, S., Feola, M., Leonardi, G., Peano, S., Bianchi, A., Dutto, P., Guala, E., Biggi, A., Uslenghi, E., Filardi, P., Pace, L., Dellegrottaglie, S., Corrado, L., Cafiero, M., Camerino, R., Maglione, A., Polimeno, M., Zarrilli, A., Chiariello, M., Giorgetti, A., Gimelli, A., Marini, C., Schluter, M., Kusch, A., D'Aragona, I., Marzullo, P., Stanislao, M., Zanco, P., Inglese, E., Bertelli, P., Valle, G., Tassone, F., Pepino, R., Francini, A., Garrone, O., Occelli, M., Merlano, M., Florimonte, L., Pagani, L., Piatti, L., Butti, I., Maffioli, L., Casorelli, E., Dottore, F., Gentili, G., Agostini, M., Pieri, P., Milan, E., Giubbini, R., Mazzanti, M., Serenelli, M., Perna, G., Ferro, A., Duilio, C., Santomauro, M., Salvatore, M., Cuocolo, A., Bertagna, F., Bosio, G., Terzi, A., Paghera, B., Kaneta, T., Otani, H., Hakamatsuka, T., Fukuda, H., Nakazato, R., Moroi, M., Kunimasa, T., Furuhashi, T., Sugi, K., Yasuhi, W., Akihiro, S., Yukawa, A., Ryu, K., Kimio, T., Yasuhiko, T., Nariaki, E., Yasunori, W., Akashi, Y., Musha, H., Kida, K., Itoh, K., Inoue, K., Kawasaki, K., Hashimoto, N., Nakazawa, K., Miyake, F., Fukuzawa, S., Ozawa, S., Inagaki, M., Sugioka, J., Okino, S., Matsuo, S., Matsumoto, T., Nakae, I., Masuda, D., Horie, M., Mori, Y., Takahashi, K., Masai, M., Kawasaki, D., Kanemori, T., Okuda, S., Tanabe, K., Ohyanagi, M., OKuda, S., Toyama, T., Hoshizaki, H., Seki, R., Isobe, N., Kawaguchi, R., Oshima, S., Taniguchi, K., Nakagawa, K., Sekine, T., Yamazaki, M., Komuro, I., Kim, K., Teramoto, N., Jino, H., Ohta, Y., Watabe, H., Hayashi, T., Iida, H., Nishimura, T., Nagae, A., Morishima, K., Shigeyama, T., Shimoyama, K., Yoshino, H., Kawai, Y., Jeong, S., Lee, J., Seo, J., Bae, J., Ahn, B., Chae, S., Lee, K., Cho, I., Chun, K., Won, K., Lee, H., Hong, G., Park, J., Shin, D., Kim, Y., Shim, B., Pavlovic, J., Peovska, I., Vavlukis, M., Gorceva, D., Majstorov, V., Alexanderson, E., Meave, A., Ricalde, A., Teresinska, A., Sliwinski, M., Konieczna, S., Szymanska, M., Hendzel, P., Juraszynski, Z., Debski, A., Szumilak, B., Kostkiewicz, M., Wilkolek, P., Pasowicz, M., Klimeczek, P., Pieniazek, P., Przewlocki, T., Pieculewicz, M., Tracz, W., Szot, W., Trebacz, J., Zmudka, K., Podolec, P., Dziuk, M., Kazmierczak, A., Kot, E., Pietrzykowski, J., Cholewa, M., Coutinho, M., Correia, M., Cantinho, G., Conceição, I., Bernardes, A., Silva, A., Gaspar, F., Cunha, J., Lourenço, C., Roque, C., Ferrer-Antunes, A., Ferreira, M., Providência, L., Lima, J., Abreu, A., Castillejos, L., Henriksson, I., Oliveira, L., Rosário, L., Geão, A., Pereira, E., Colarinha, P., Romero-Farina, G., Candell-Riera, J., Aguadé-Bruix, S., Leon, G., Caresia, A., Mila-Lopez, M., Garcia-Alonso, C., Pifarre-Montaner, P., Negre-Buso, M., Castell-Conesa, J., Mestre-Fusco, A., Porta-Biosca, F., Muxi, A., Paredes, P., Ortin, J., Duch, J., Diaz-Infante, E., Fuertes, S., Orus, J., Mont, L., Pons, F., Pollack, C., Hellermann, J., Namdar, M., Siegrist, P., Koepfli, P., Bartenstein, N., Schurr, U., Jenni, R., Kaufmann, P., Hassad, R., Hamami, H., Sellem, A., Brahim, H., Caglar, M., Mahmoudian, B., Aytemir, K., Kahraman, S., Arýcý, M., Kabakcý, G., Karabulut, E., Akincioglu, C., Berman, D., Nishina, H., Hayes, S., Kavanagh, P., Friedman, J., Slomka, P., Germano, G., Entok, E., Cavusoglu, Y., Vardareli, E., Timuralp, B., Cheetham, A., Naylor, V., Ghiotto, F., McGhie, J., Al-Housni, M., Kelion, A., Hutchings, F., Hinton-Taylor, S., Birkbeck, P., Thatikonda, S., Feldkamp, M., Rosamond, T., Raza, M., Panjrath, G., Haider, A., Jain, D., Yang, A., Schumacher, R., Reynolds, J., Clark, E., Speiser, D., Schindel, M., Hackney, T., Vacek, J., Jindal, V., Dim, U., Hamburg, L., Mouradian, V., Nichols, K., Akinboboye, O., Snyder, K., Polepalle, D., DePuey, G., Khattak, H., Friedman, M., Thompson, L., Thompson, R., McGhie, A., Moser, K., O'Keefe, J., Fritsch, N., Bateman, T., Mut, F., Vidal, I., Rener, A., Nuñez, M., Alvarez, B., and Beretta, M.

Published
2018

232. The hierarchical response of human corneal collagen to load

Author

Bell, J. S., Hayes, S., Whitford, C., Sanchez-Weatherby, J., Shebanova, O., Vergari, C., Winlove, C. P., Terrill, N, Sorensen, T., Elsheikh, A., and Meek, K. M.

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Fibrillar Collagens, X-ray scattering, Middle Aged, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cornea, Young Adult, X-Ray Diffraction, Tensile Strength, Photography, Humans, Scattering, Radiation, Biomechanics, sense organs, Collagen, Microstructure, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Aged
Abstract

Graphical abstract, Fibrillar collagen in the human cornea is integral to its function as a transparent lens of precise curvature, and its arrangement is now well-characterised in the literature. While there has been considerable effort to incorporate fibrillar architecture into mechanical models of the cornea, the mechanical response of corneal collagen to small applied loads is not well understood. In this study the fibrillar and molecular response to tensile load was quantified using small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), and digital image correlation (DIC) photography was used to calculate the local strain field that gave rise to the hierarchical changes. A molecular scattering model was used to calculate the tropocollagen tilt relative to the fibril axis and changes associated with applied strain. Changes were measured in the D-period, molecular tilt and the orientation and spacing of the fibrillar and molecular networks. These measurements were summarised into hierarchical deformation mechanisms, which were found to contribute at varying strains. The change in molecular tilt is indicative of a sub-fibrillar “spring-like” deformation mechanism, which was found to account for most of the applied strain under physiological and near-physiological loads. This deformation mechanism may play an important functional role in tissues rich in fibrils of high helical tilt, such as skin and cartilage. Statement of Significance Collagen is the primary mediator of soft tissue biomechanics, and variations in its hierarchical structure convey the varying amounts of structural support necessary for organs to function normally. Here we have examined the structural response of corneal collagen to tensile load using X-rays to probe hierarchies ranging from molecular to fibrillar. We found a previously unreported deformation mechanism whereby molecules, which are helically arranged relative to the axis of their fibril, change in tilt akin to the manner in which a spring stretches. This “spring-like” mechanism accounts for a significant portion of the applied deformation at low strains (

Published
2018

249. Targeting Exercise Interventions to Patients With Cancer in Need: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis

Author

Buffart, L.M., Sweegers, M.G., May, A.M., Chinapaw, M.J., Vulpen, J.K. van, Newton, R.U., Galvao, D.A., Aaronson, N.K., Stuiver, M.M., Jacobsen, P.B., Verdonck-de Leeuw, I.M., Steindorf, K., Irwin, M.L., Hayes, S., Griffith, K.A., Lucia, A., Herrero-Roman, F., Mesters, I., Weert, E. Van, Knoop, H., Goedendorp, M.M., Mutrie, N., Daley, A.J., McConnachie, A., Bohus, M., Thorsen, L., Schulz, K.H., Short, C.E., James, E.L., Plotnikoff, R.C., Arbane, G., Schmidt, M.E., Potthoff, K., Beurden, M. van, Oldenburg, H.S., Sonke, G.S., Harten, W.H. van, Garrod, R., Schmitz, K.H., Winters-Stone, K.M., Velthuis, M.J., Taaffe, D.R., Mechelen, W. van, Kersten, M., Nollet, F., Wenzel, J., Wiskemann, J., Brug, J., Courneya, K.S., Buffart, L.M., Sweegers, M.G., May, A.M., Chinapaw, M.J., Vulpen, J.K. van, Newton, R.U., Galvao, D.A., Aaronson, N.K., Stuiver, M.M., Jacobsen, P.B., Verdonck-de Leeuw, I.M., Steindorf, K., Irwin, M.L., Hayes, S., Griffith, K.A., Lucia, A., Herrero-Roman, F., Mesters, I., Weert, E. Van, Knoop, H., Goedendorp, M.M., Mutrie, N., Daley, A.J., McConnachie, A., Bohus, M., Thorsen, L., Schulz, K.H., Short, C.E., James, E.L., Plotnikoff, R.C., Arbane, G., Schmidt, M.E., Potthoff, K., Beurden, M. van, Oldenburg, H.S., Sonke, G.S., Harten, W.H. van, Garrod, R., Schmitz, K.H., Winters-Stone, K.M., Velthuis, M.J., Taaffe, D.R., Mechelen, W. van, Kersten, M., Nollet, F., Wenzel, J., Wiskemann, J., Brug, J., and Courneya, K.S.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Background: Exercise effects in cancer patients often appear modest, possibly because interventions rarely target patients most in need. This study investigated the moderator effects of baseline values on the exercise outcomes of fatigue, aerobic fitness, muscle strength, quality of life (QoL), and self-reported physical function (PF) in cancer patients during and post-treatment. Methods: Individual patient data from 34 randomized exercise trials (n = 4519) were pooled. Linear mixed-effect models were used to study moderator effects of baseline values on exercise intervention outcomes and to determine whether these moderator effects differed by intervention timing (during vs post-treatment). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Moderator effects of baseline fatigue and PF were consistent across intervention timing, with greater effects in patients with worse fatigue (Pinteraction = .05) and worse PF (Pinteraction = .003). Moderator effects of baseline aerobic fitness, muscle strength, and QoL differed by intervention timing. During treatment, effects on aerobic fitness were greater for patients with better baseline aerobic fitness (Pinteraction = .002). Post-treatment, effects on upper (Pinteraction < .001) and lower (Pinteraction = .01) body muscle strength and QoL (Pinteraction < .001) were greater in patients with worse baseline values. Conclusion: Although exercise should be encouraged for most cancer patients during and post-treatments, targeting specific subgroups may be especially beneficial and cost effective. For fatigue and PF, interventions during and post-treatment should target patients with high fatigue and low PF. During treatment, patients experience benefit for muscle strength and QoL regardless of baseline values; however, only patients with low baseline values benefit post-treatment. For aerobic fitness, patients with low baseline values do not appear to benefit from exercise during treatment.

Published
2018

250. Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene

Author

Nicolas, A, Kenna, K, Renton, A, Ticozzi, N, Faghri, F, Chia, R, Dominov, J, Kenna, B, Nalls, M, Keagle, P, Rivera, A, van Rheenen, W, Murphy, N, van Vugt, J, Geiger, J, van der Spek, R, Pliner, H, Shankaracharya, N, Smith, B, Marangi, G, Topp, S, Abramzon, Y, Gkazi, A, Eicher, J, Kenna, A, Logullo, F, Simone, I, Logroscino, G, Salvi, F, Bartolomei, I, Borghero, G, Murru, M, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Puddu, R, Caredda, C, Piras, V, Tranquilli, S, Cuccu, S, Corongiu, D, Melis, M, Milia, A, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, M, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Capasso, M, Caponnetto, C, Mancardi, G, Origone, P, Mandich, P, Conforti, F, Cavallaro, S, Mora, G, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Penco, S, Mosca, L, Lunetta, C, Pinter, G, Corbo, M, Riva, N, Carrera, P, Volanti, P, Mandrioli, J, Fini, N, Fasano, A, Tremolizzo, L, Arosio, A, Ferrarese, C, Trojsi, F, Tedeschi, G, Monsurrò, M, Piccirillo, G, Femiano, C, Ticca, A, Ortu, E, La Bella, V, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Sabatelli, M, Zollino, M, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Santarelli, M, Petrucci, A, Pugliatti, M, Pirisi, A, Parish, L, Occhineri, P, Giannini, F, Battistini, S, Ricci, C, Benigni, M, Cau, T, Loi, D, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Restagno, G, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Ossola, I, Cammarosano, S, Canosa, A, Ilardi, A, Manera, U, Grassano, M, Tanel, R, Pisano, F, Mazzini, L, Messina, S, D'Alfonso, S, Corrado, L, Ferrucci, L, Harms, M, Goldstein, D, Shneider, N, Goutman, S, Simmons, Z, Miller, T, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Manousakis, G, Appel, S, Simpson, E, Wang, L, Baloh, R, Gibson, S, Bedlack, R, Lacomis, D, Sareen, D, Sherman, A, Bruijn, L, Penny, M, Moreno, C, Kamalakaran, S, Allen, A, Boone, B, Brown, R, Carulli, J, Chesi, A, Chung, W, Cirulli, E, Cooper, G, Couthouis, J, Day-Williams, A, Dion, P, Gitler, A, Glass, J, Han, Y, Harris, T, Hayes, S, Jones, A, Keebler, J, Krueger, B, Lasseigne, B, Levy, S, Lu, Y, Maniatis, T, McKenna-Yasek, D, Myers, R, Petrovski, S, Pulst, S, Raphael, A, Ravits, J, Ren, Z, Rouleau, G, Sapp, P, Sims, K, Staropoli, J, Waite, L, Wang, Q, Wimbish, J, Xin, W, Phatnani, H, Kwan, J, Broach, J, Arcila-Londono, X, Lee, E, Van Deerlin, V, Fraenkel, E, Ostrow, L, Baas, F, Zaitlen, N, Berry, J, Malaspina, A, Fratta, P, Cox, G, Thompson, L, Finkbeiner, S, Dardiotis, E, Hornstein, E, Macgowan, D, Heiman-Patterson, T, Hammell, M, Patsopoulos, N, Dubnau, J, Nath, A, Musunuri, R, Evani, U, Abhyankar, A, Zody, M, Kaye, J, Wyman, S, Lenail, A, Lima, L, Rothstein, J, Svendsen, C, Van Eyk, J, Maragakis, N, Kolb, S, Cudkowicz, M, Baxi, E, Benatar, M, Taylor, J, Wu, G, Rampersaud, E, Wuu, J, Rademakers, R, Züchner, S, Schule, R, Mccauley, J, Hussain, S, Cooley, A, Wallace, M, Clayman, C, Barohn, R, Statland, J, Swenson, A, Jackson, C, Trivedi, J, Khan, S, Katz, J, Jenkins, L, Burns, T, Gwathmey, K, Caress, J, Mcmillan, C, Elman, L, Pioro, E, Heckmann, J, So, Y, Walk, D, Maiser, S, Zhang, J, Silani, V, Gellera, C, Ratti, A, Taroni, F, Lauria, G, Verde, F, Fogh, I, Tiloca, C, Comi, G, Sorarù, G, Cereda, C, De Marchi, F, Corti, S, Ceroni, M, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Inghilleri, M, Peverelli, S, Colombrita, C, Poletti, B, Maderna, L, Del Bo, R, Gagliardi, S, Querin, G, Bertolin, C, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Camu, W, Mouzat, K, Lumbroso, S, Corcia, P, Meininger, V, Besson, G, Lagrange, E, Clavelou, P, Guy, N, Couratier, P, Vourch, P, Danel, V, Bernard, E, Lemasson, G, Laaksovirta, H, Myllykangas, L, Jansson, L, Valori, M, Ealing, J, Hamdalla, H, Rollinson, S, Pickering-Brown, S, Orrell, R, Sidle, K, Hardy, J, Singleton, A, Johnson, J, Arepalli, S, Polak, M, Asress, S, Al-Sarraj, S, King, A, Troakes, C, Vance, C, de Belleroche, J, ten Asbroek, A, Muñoz-Blanco, J, Hernandez, D, Ding, J, Gibbs, J, Scholz, S, Floeter, M, Campbell, R, Landi, F, Bowser, R, Kirby, J, Pamphlett, R, Gerhard, G, Dunckley, T, Brady, C, Kowall, N, Troncoso, J, Le Ber, I, Kamel, F, Van Den Bosch, L, Strom, T, Meitinger, T, Shatunov, A, Van Eijk, K, de Carvalho, M, Kooyman, M, Middelkoop, B, Moisse, M, Mclaughlin, R, Van Es, M, Weber, M, Boylan, K, Van Blitterswijk, M, Morrison, K, Basak, A, Mora, J, Drory, V, Shaw, P, Turner, M, Talbot, K, Hardiman, O, Williams, K, Fifita, J, Nicholson, G, Blair, I, Esteban-Pérez, J, García-Redondo, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Al Kheifat, A, Andersen, P, Chio, A, Cooper-Knock, J, Dekker, A, Redondo, A, Gotkine, M, Hide, W, Iacoangeli, A, Kiernan, M, Landers, J, Mill, J, Neto, M, Pardina, J, Newhouse, S, Pinto, S, Pulit, S, Robberecht, W, Shaw, C, Sproviero, W, Tazelaar, G, van Damme, P, van den Berg, L, van Eijk, K, van Es, M, Veldink, J, Zatz, M, Bauer, D, Twine, N, Rogaeva, E, Zinman, L, Brice, A, Feldman, E, Ludolph, A, Weishaupt, J, Trojanowski, J, Stone, D, Tienari, P, Chiò, A, Traynor, B, Nicolas, Aude, Kenna, Kevin P., Renton, Alan E., Ticozzi, Nicola, Faghri, Faraz, Chia, Ruth, Dominov, Janice A., Kenna, Brendan J., Nalls, Mike A., Keagle, Pamela, Rivera, Alberto M., van Rheenen, Wouter, Murphy, Natalie A., van Vugt, Joke J. 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Abstract

To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS. Using a large-scale genome-wide association study and exome sequencing, we identified KIF5A as a novel gene associated with ALS. Our data broaden the phenotype resulting from mutations in KIF5A and highlight the importance of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.

Published
2018

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