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28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4681-4684, During the last decade the global PV industry experienced an unpredictable growth. Driven by the German renewable Energy Act and comparable incentives in other European countries photovoltaics is becoming a serious player in the global energy market. Today new markets like China, India and the US follow since energy generation costs dropped to an economic level. Particularly for new markets and new players comprehensive and reliable educational material and reference is essential. Ever since the year 2000 the DGS edits and publishes the manual “Photovoltaic Systems”. This compendium has now been released in the third English edition for a global audience. The previous German and English editions helped to establish the manual as the main reference book and compendium for all parties involved in planning, installing and operating PV systems.

Показаны особенности интерпретации эллипсометрических данных от ферромагнитных образцов при воздействии внешнего магнитного поля. Представлены аналитические выражения для коэффициентов Френеля с учетом магнитооптического параметра, входящего в недиагональные члены тензора диэлектрической проницаемости. Рассмотрены различные модели отражающих оптических систем при наличии магнитного поля в конфигурации магнитооптического экваториального эффекта Керра: модель однородной полубесконечной среды, однослойная модель, многослойная модель. Данные модели позволяют интерпретировать экспериментальные данные при эллипсометрических и магнитоэллипсометрических исследованиях слоистых магнитных наноструктур. Получена связь эллипсометрических параметров Ψ и ∆ с пропорциональным намагниченности магнитооптическим параметром Q, впервые произведена оценка поправок δΨ и δ∆ в эллипсометрические углы, обусловленных поверхностным экваториальным магнитооптическим эффектом Керра. Полученные результаты позволят с помощью традиционной эллипсометрической аппаратуры измерять магнитные характеристики, такие как петли гистерезиса, коэрцитивную силу слоистых наноструктур., The ellipsometric measurement features of the ferromagnetic samples under the influence of an external magnetic field are shown. The analytical expressions for the Fresnel coefficients are presented with regard to the magnetooptical parameter in the off-diagonal elements of the dielectric permittivity. The model of a homogeneous semi-infinite medium, one-layer model, and the multilayer model of the reflective optical systems in the presence of a magnetic field in the equatorial magneto-optical Kerr effect configuration are analyzed. These models permit to interpret the experimental data of the ellipsometric and magneto-ellipsometric studies of layered magnetic nanostructures. For the first time the relationship of the ellipsometric parameters Ψ and A with magneto-optical parameter Q is obtained, δΨ and SA corrections in the ellipsometric angles are evaluated due to the equatorial surface magnetooptical Kerr effect. As a result, it becomes possible to measure the magnetic characteristics of the layered nanostructures, such as the hysteresis loop and coercivity with the conventional ellipsometric apparatus.

25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4722-4725, This article examines the causes of uncertainty in yield calculations for PV systems. Individual loss factors are assigned to the different portions of this uncertainty. The dependency on irradiance, based on the weather data used and the uncertainty range of the conversion model used, is the dominating factor. When suitable measures are taken, the uncertainty for highquality yield analyses can be reduced to less than 4%.

25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 5325-5327, Ten years ago the renewable energy law has been introduced in Germany. This was the starting point of an incredible success story of PV-Systems in the country. 44 MW grid connected PV-systems have been newly installed in 2000. In the year 2009 this has increased to 3,800 MWp. Thus DGS decided in 2000 to produce a manual Photovoltaic Systems for craftsmen, engineers, architects and all interested people which contains all important features for optimal dimensioning, installation, operation and maintenance. Since then the manual has been sold more than 12,000 times. DGS has published in April 2010 the 4th edition of the PV-manual with new contents. The 4th edition will be the basis for the translation into English, Italian, Spanish and Turkish language.

25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4737-4739, To minimize the financial risks of PV-power plants it is inevitable to know all possible risks from site risks, economic risks, political risks and of course the technological risks. Due to the long lifetime of a PV-power plant the quality of all components used in the plant and the quality of craftsmanship play a key role concerning the yield of the PV-plant. A comprehensive quality program has to examine the quality of the whole system considering planning, construction, commissioning and operating. If the quality in every issue is given a seal of quality confirms a high quality standard not only for separate parts of the PC-plant but also for the whole system

We report on the observation of self-organized stripe-like structures on the as-grown surface and in the bulk of (Nd,Eu,Gd)Ba$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$ single crystals. The periodicity of the stripes on the surface lies between 500 and 800 nm. These are possibly the growth steps of the crystal. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed stripes of periodicity in the range of 20 to 40 nm in the bulk. From electron back scattered diffraction investigations, no crystallographic misorientation due to the nanostripes has been found. Scanning tunneling spectroscopic experiments revealed nonsuperconducting regions, running along twin directions, which presumably constitute strong pinning sites., Comment: 4 pages, 5 Figures

We report on the observation of self-organized stripe-like structures on the as-grown surface and in the bulk of (Nd,Eu,Gd)Ba$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$ single crystals. The periodicity of the stripes on the surface lies between 500 and 800 nm. These are possibly the growth steps of the crystal. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed stripes of periodicity in the range of 20 to 40 nm in the bulk. From electron back scattered diffraction investigations, no crystallographic misorientation due to the nanostripes has been found. Scanning tunneling spectroscopic experiments revealed nonsuperconducting regions, running along twin directions, which presumably constitute strong pinning sites., 4 pages, 5 Figures

We report here the results of scanning tunneling spectroscopic experiments performed on hole doped NdBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-��}$ single crystals of $T_c$ values of 76 K, 93.5 K and 95.5 K. The energy gaps are observed to be increasing with decreasing $T_c$ values. The coherence peaks are asymmetric with the peaks at the filled states being larger than those at the empty ones. The asymmetry increases with decreasing $T_c$. The observed asymmetry and its $T_c$ dependence can be explained by considering the Mott insulating nature of the material at the undoped state., 4 pages, 1 Figure, to appear in Euro Phys. Lett

Hintergrund: Für die Dysphagie existieren bislang keine validen Skalen, welche die Schluckfunktion bezüglich Speichel und Nahrung erfassen. Desweiteren ist die Berücksichtigung der International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) sowie qualitativ hochwertiger, wenn möglich evidenzbasierter Methoden und Assessmentverfahren in der Rehabilitation in Deutschland von gesetzlicher Seite vorgeschrieben (Sozialgesetzbuch V und IX). Mit dem Bogenhausener Dysphagiescore BODS (Bartolome, Schröter-Morasch, Hartmann, 2005) wurde ein Assessment neu entwickelt, welches die Funktionsfähigkeit des Schluckens von Speichel und Nahrung/Flüssigkeit erfasst (ICF Komponente Körperfunktionen) und eine Einschätzung des Schweregrades einer Dysphagie ermöglicht.Fragestellung: Ist der BODS ein inhaltlich valides Assessment zur Erfassung des Schweregrades einer Schluckstörung?Methode: Bestimmung der Inhaltsvalidität des BODS mittels einer schriftlichen Expertenbefragung.Ergebnis: Es konnte eine Stichprobe von 107 Teilnehmern erhoben werden. Die Auswahl der beiden Skalen, deren verbale Anker sowie die Praktikabilität und Ökonomie des BODS wurden voll bestätigt. Revisionsbedarf bestand bei der Einteilung der Skala BODS-2 "orale Nahrungsaufnahme" und des Summenscores.Konsequenz der Untersuchung/Diskussion: Der BODS wurde um jeweils zwei Stufen erweitert. Ergänzend wurde ein Manual entwickelt. Der modifizierte BODS muss nun klinisch erprobt und weiter psychometrisch abgesichert werden. Die große Resonanz auf die Untersuchung zeigt, dass an der Einführung eines solchen klinischen Dysphagiescores im klinischen Alltag großes Interesse und hoher Bedarf besteht.

The use of a questionnaire for initiating talks about the topic of sexual disorders and the efficacy and acceptance by the physician and patient of various communication strategies, were investigated. Each of a total of 1191 general practitioners distributed a health questionnaire which contained questions on sexuality to 150 men aged 30 and above. In a total of 10,622 first talks on sexual health, the questionnaire met with a high level of acceptance, and was the trigger for talks in 54% of the cases. More than two-thirds of the patients reacted positively to such talks, speaking freely and readily, and relieved that this aspect of their lives was being addressed. In 75% of the patients an erectile dysfunction was diagnosed, in 27% further diagnostic measures were prescribed, and in 60% treatment was initiated. In the exes of the physician, the clearly signaled readiness to talk and the discussion of treatment options were the most favorable communication strategies.

In dieser Arbeit wird ein dreidimensionales Modell des menschlichen Kopfes beschrieben, das es erlaubt, mit der Methode der Finiten Elemente mechanische Einfluesse auf den Kopf zu modellieren. Eine exakte Geometriebeschreibung eines individuellen Modells wird aus einem Kernspintomogramm des Kopfes gewonnen. Ausgehend von diesen medizinischen Bilddaten wird die diskrete Darstellung des Kopfes als Verbund finiter Elemente mit einem Gittergenerator gewonnen. Dieser schnelle und stabile Algorithmus ermoeglicht die Erstellung von raeumlich hochaufgeloesten Finite-Elemente-Repraesentationen des Schaedels und interner neuroanatomischer Strukturen. Es besteht die Auswahl zwischen anisotropen und isotropen Wuerfel- und Tetraedernetzen. Auf deren Basis werden die dem physikalischen Geschehen zugrundeliegenden Differentialgleichungen mittels der Finite-Elemente-Methode numerisch geloest. Die FE-Analysen umfassen statische, dynamische und modale Simulationsrechnungen. Die zur Durchfuehrung der Simulationen noetigen numerischen Verfahren wurden optimiert und auf einer parallelen Rechnerarchitektur implementiert. Jeder der oben genannten Analysearten ist eine klinisch-relevante Anwendung zugeordnet. Mit der nichtlinearen statischen Analyse werden die mechanischen Konsequenzen von Tumorwachstum untersucht, die dynamische Analyse dient dem Studium der Auswirkungen von fokalen Gewalteinwirkungen auf den Kopf und die modale Analyse gibt Aufschluss ueber das Schwingungsverhalten des Kopfes. Die Validierung des Modells wird durch den Vergleich von Simulationsergebnissen mit experimentell ermittelten Daten erzielt. A new FEM-based approach to model the mechanical response of the head is presented.To overcome restrictions of previous approaches our head model is based on individual datasets of the head obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The use of parallel computers allows to carry out biomechanical simulations based on FE meshes with a spatial resolution about five times higher than that of previous models. A totally automatic procedure to generate FE meshes of the head starting from MR datasets is used. Models for individual clinical cases can be set up within minutes and clinically relevant simulations (impact studies, tumor growth consequences) are carried out and discussed by comparing simulation results with experimentally obtained data.

Fast epitaxy of Au and Ag on WSe_2 (0001) / R. Claessen ... - In: Surface science. 432. 1999. S. 95-100

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To identify DNA sequences of the Arabidopsis thaliana chalcone synthase gene (CHS) concerned with induction by UV-B and UV-A/blue light, AtCHS promoter constructions were assayed by transient expression in protoplasts prepared from two different lines of cultured A. thaliana cells. The protoplasts responded similarly to A. thaliana leaf tissue in light-dependent CHS transcript accumulation. The reporter enzyme beta-glucuronidase (GUS) was used to monitor light-responsive promoter activity. A 1972 bp promoter conferred UV-B and UV-A/blue light induction of GUS activity. Deletion to 164 bp resulted in reduced promoter strength but retention of responsiveness to UV-B and UV-A/blue light. Further deletion abolished transcriptional activity. The 164 bp promoter contains sequences closely resembling LRUPcCHS, (light-responsive unit of the Petroselinum crispum CHS promoter). This A. thaliana CHS promoter region, designated LRUAtCHS, was sufficient to confer UV-B and UV-A/blue light responsiveness to a heterologous core promoter. Mutation of sequences in LRUAtCHS corresponding to the ACGT element and the MYB recognition element of LRUPcCHS resulted in inactivation of the 164 bp and 335 bp promoter deletions. However, the mutant 668 bp promoter retained residual UV-B and UV-A/blue light-induced expression, indicating the presence of additional functional sequences upstream of -335. Mutation of a single G-box-like sequence around -442 had no effect on light responsiveness, indicating that it does not function in light regulation of this promoter. Since no difference in responsiveness to UV-B and UV-A/blue light was observed with any promoter variant, we conclude that the two phototransduction pathways regulate transcription factors which interact with common promoter elements. The results from-our analysis of a A. thaliana light-responsive promoter will facilitate the study of light-dependent gene regulation by genetic means in Arabidopsis thaliana.