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El presente trabajo muestra un análisis del comportamiento térmico-energético, lumínica y sustentable de un proyecto de vivienda particular de residencia permanente en las afueras de la ciudad de San Juan, Argentina, la propuesta de mejoras y la evaluación de las mismas. Dicha evaluación se basa en la implementación de múltiples herramientas de diseño bioclimático de Givoni, IRAM, ASHRAE, y de simulación higrotérmico energética de reconocimiento internacional con Energy+ y lumínica con ECOTECT. Se concretó el análisis de resultados en 18 recomendaciones que se reflejan en el proyecto. Finalmente se analizan las mismas y los consecuentes ahorros energéticos esperados. Los principales resultados son evitar el sobrecalentamiento y el excesivo consumo de aire acondicionado en verano, al igual que el encandilamiento por parte de sus habitantes. Debido a que se utiliza electricidad como fuente de calefacción, resulta crucial disminuir el consumo e incorporar energía solar fotovoltaica. Se observa un importante ahorro energético cercano al 40%. Se destacan los mínimos consumos de aire acondicionado y la reducción de los picos de demanda energética en invierno. Las cargas totales por m2 disminuyeron de 433 a 262 KWh/m2año. Actualmente el proyecto se encuentra en proceso de construcción siguiendo las recomendaciones de diseño sugeridas.

Mohammad Sharif Oria,1 Sultan Ahmad Halimi,2 Fahima Negin,1 Abdullah Asady3 1Department of Anesthesiology, Aliabad Teaching Hospital, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, 1001, Afghanistan; 2Department of Pathology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, 1001, Afghanistan; 3Department of Microbiology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, 1001, AfghanistanCorrespondence: Abdullah AsadyDepartment of Microbiology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, 3rd district, Kabul, 1001, Afghanistan, Tel +93 731087928, Email asady_abdullah@yahoo.comBackground: Airway management may be a considerable challenge for anesthesiologists. Currently used preoperative screening tests are known to lack sufficient specificity and sensitivity. Nevertheless, preoperative screenings and the combination of various tests are highly recommended to reduce the risk of unexpected difficult or failed airway management.Purpose: This study aims to determine if socio-demographic characteristics can predict difficult intubation among adult patients scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia in Aliabad Teaching Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.Methods: A total of 341 patients were selected based on consecutive sampling method. Informed consent forms were obtained before inclusion in the study. Data were collected using a data collection form. Age, gender, ASA physical status and ethnicity were recorded for each participant. Airway assessment tests such as mouth opening (MO), thyromental distance (TMD), and Mallampati classes, inability to prognath (AP) and neck mobility and size (NM) category were conducted by research team. Data were initially entered into an Excel data sheet and then exported to SPSS Statistics version 22 for analysis.Results: From 28 October 2018 to 30 January 2019, a total of 341 patients included in the study. Of these, 193 (56.6%) were male and 148 (43.4%) were female. The mean age of the subjects was 36.98 ± 15.048 years. More than half (54.5%) of the study population were Tajiks. Patients from the Hazara ethnicity, female patients, older patients and those suffering from systemic diseases found to be more difficult to intubate. We recognized that, Mallampati classes ≥ 3, small MO, short TMD, AP, reduced NM were also associated with difficult intubation. Multiple logistic regression analysis of the associated factors determined that increased age more than 40 years, AP and small MO were independent predictors of difficult intubation.Conclusion: The study findings show that Hazara ethnicity, female patients, increasing age and systemic disease have significant associations with difficult intubation. Mallampati classes III and IV, MO ≤ 4 cm, TMD ≤ 6 cm, and reduced NM had higher risks of difficult intubation. Multiple logistic regression analysis determined that increased age, AP and MO were independent predictors for difficult intubation.Keywords: difficult intubation, intubation difficulty scale, anesthesiology, difficult airway, IDS

The present study examines Arabic legal phraseology formation from the standpoint of positive law and jurisprudence. It claims that phraseological constructions in Arabic legislative and statutory texts are largely influenced by the translation process of Roman law texts. However, scholarly literature still relies to some extent on formulae used in the Islamic jurisprudence. To illustrate this, three examples of legal principles anchored in Islamic jurisprundence, known as legal maxims, are subjected to a comparative analysis and discussed along with their corresponding expressions in positive law in modern-day Arabic. Ultimately, the purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, to demonstrate that the phraseology present in many Arabic positive laws is fully adapted to corresponding formulations in the Roman law, steming from a historical translation process that accompanied the codification movement in the beginning of the 20th century; secondly, to emphasize the significance of textual genre awareness in legal translation. Concretely, the introductory section provides an overview of recent studies that have addressed legal phraseologisms. It is followed by a section on the historical role of translation in the construction of certain phraseologisms. The general legal principles of (a) burden of proof, (b) presumption of innocence, and (c) the pacta sunt servanda principle are then examined in order to shed light on the influence of both the Civilist tradition and Islamic jurisprudence on the use of legal Arabic today, as well as to demonstrate how the translation of phraseologisms is dependent on the parameters of genre. The analysis leads to the conclusion that proper use of phraseologisms, whether in drafting or translation, is closely linked to knowledge of phraseology formation and the historical influence of translation.