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204. Self-Limiting Growth of Two-Dimensional Palladium between Graphene Oxide Layers

Author

Su, Yang, primary, Prestat, Eric, additional, Hu, Chengyi, additional, Puthiyapura, Vinod Kumar, additional, Neek-Amal, Mehdi, additional, Xiao, Hui, additional, Huang, Kun, additional, Kravets, Vasyl G., additional, Haigh, Sarah J., additional, Hardacre, Christopher, additional, Peeters, Francois M., additional, and Nair, Rahul R., additional

Published
2019
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206. Indirect to Direct Gap Crossover in Two-Dimensional InSe Revealed by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

Author

Hamer, Matthew J., primary, Zultak, Johanna, additional, Tyurnina, Anastasia V., additional, Zólyomi, Viktor, additional, Terry, Daniel, additional, Barinov, Alexei, additional, Garner, Alistair, additional, Donoghue, Jack, additional, Rooney, Aidan P., additional, Kandyba, Viktor, additional, Giampietri, Alessio, additional, Graham, Abigail, additional, Teutsch, Natalie, additional, Xia, Xue, additional, Koperski, Maciej, additional, Haigh, Sarah J., additional, Fal’ko, Vladimir I., additional, Gorbachev, Roman V., additional, and Wilson, Neil R., additional

Published
2019
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208. Characterising porosity in platinum nanoparticles

Author

Yu, Wenmiao, primary, Batchelor-McAuley, Christopher, additional, Wang, Yi-Chi, additional, Shao, Shouqi, additional, Fairclough, Simon M., additional, Haigh, Sarah J., additional, Young, Neil P., additional, and Compton, Richard G., additional

Published
2019
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211. Synthetic 2-D lead tin sulfide nanosheets with tuneable optoelectronic properties from a potentially scalable reaction pathway

Author

Norton, Kane, primary, Kunstmann, Jens, additional, Ping, Lu, additional, Rakowski, Alexander, additional, Wang, Chuchen, additional, Marsden, Alexander J., additional, Murtaza, Ghulam, additional, Zeng, Niting, additional, McAdams, Simon J., additional, Bissett, Mark A., additional, Haigh, Sarah J., additional, Derby, Brian, additional, Seifert, Gotthard, additional, and Lewis, David J., additional

Published
2019
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213. Correction: Synthetic 2-D lead tin sulfide nanosheets with tuneable optoelectronic properties from a potentially scalable reaction pathway

Author

Norton, Kane, primary, Kunstmann, Jens, additional, Ping, Lu, additional, Rakowski, Alexander, additional, Wang, Chuchen, additional, Marsden, Alexander J., additional, Murtaza, Ghulam, additional, Zeng, Niting, additional, McAdams, Simon G., additional, Bissett, Mark A., additional, Haigh, Sarah J., additional, Derby, Brian, additional, Seifert, Gotthard, additional, Ke, Jack Chun-Ren, additional, and Lewis, David J., additional

Published
2019
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217. Investigation of the GaN-on-GaAs interface for vertical power device applications.

Author

Möreke, Janina, Uren, Michael J., Novikov, Sergei V., Foxon, C. Thomas, Hosseini Vajargah, Shahrzad, Wallis, David J., Humphreys, Colin J., Haigh, Sarah J., Al-Khalidi, Abdullah, Wasige, Edward, Thayne, Iain, and Kuball, Martin

Subjects
MOLECULAR beam epitaxy, MOLECULAR dynamics, HETEROSTRUCTURES, TRANSMISSION electron microscopy, SURFACE roughness, NITROGEN plasmas
Abstract

GaN layers were grown onto (111) GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy. Minimal band offset between the conduction bands for GaN and GaAs materials has been suggested in the literature raising the possibility of using GaN-on-GaAs for vertical power device applications. I-V and C-V measurements of the GaN/GaAs heterostructures however yielded a rectifying junction, even when both sides of the junction were heavily doped with an n-type dopant. Transmission electron microscopy analysis further confirmed the challenge in creating a GaN/GaAs Ohmic interface by showing a large density of dislocations in the GaN layer and suggesting roughening of the GaN/GaAs interface due to etching of the GaAs by the nitrogen plasma, diffusion of nitrogen or melting of Ga into the GaAs substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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219. Asymmetric MoS<sub style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif;'>2/Graphene/Metal Sandwiches: Preparation, Characterization, and Application

Author

Toth, Peter S., Velicky, Matej, Bissett, Mark A., Slater, Thomas J. A., Savjani, Nicky, Rabiu, Aminu K., Rakowski, Alexander M., Brent, Jack R., Haigh, Sarah J., O'Brien, Paul, and Dryfe, Robert A. W.

Subjects
hydrogen evolution, Materials Science(all), Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, capacitance, asymmetric sandwiches, electron tomography, 2D materials
Abstract

The polarizable organic/water interface is used to construct MoS2/graphene nanocomposites, and various asymmetrically dual-decorated graphene sandwiches are synthesized. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and 3D electron tomography confirm their structure. These dual-decorated graphene-based hybrids show excellent hydrogen evolution activity and promising capacitance performance.

Published
2016

223. Heterostructures formed through abraded van der Waals materials.

Author

Nutting, Darren, Felix, Jorlandio F., Tillotson, Evan, Shin, Dong-Wook, De Sanctis, Adolfo, Chang, Hong, Cole, Nick, Russo, Saverio, Woodgate, Adam, Leontis, Ioannis, Fernández, Henry A., Craciun, Monica F., Haigh, Sarah J., and Withers, Freddie

Subjects
HETEROSTRUCTURES, ENERGY harvesting, HYDROGEN evolution reactions, SINGLE crystals, ATOMIC hydrogen, CELLULOSE nanocrystals
Abstract

To fully exploit van der Waals materials and their vertically stacked heterostructures, new mass-scalable production routes which are low cost but preserve the high electronic and optical quality of the single crystals are required. Here, we demonstrate an approach to realise a variety of functional heterostructures based on van der Waals nanocrystal films produced through the mechanical abrasion of bulk powders. We find significant performance enhancements in abraded heterostructures compared to those fabricated through inkjet printing of nanocrystal dispersions. To highlight the simplicity, applicability and scalability of the device fabrication, we demonstrate a multitude of different functional heterostructures such as resistors, capacitors and photovoltaics. We also demonstrate the creation of energy harvesting devices, such as large area catalytically active coatings for the hydrogen evolution reaction and enhanced triboelectric nanogenerator performance in multilayer films. The ease of device production makes this a promising technological route for up-scalable films and heterostructures. Low-cost, mass-scalable production routes which preserve the quality of the single crystals are required to up-scale van der Waals materials. Here, the authors demonstrate an approach to realise a variety of functional heterostructures based on van der Waals nanocrystal films produced through the mechanical abrasion of bulk powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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224. A graphene/TiS3 heterojunction for resistive sensing of polar vapors at room temperature.

Author

Rafiefard, Nassim, Iraji zad, Azam, Esfandiar, Ali, Sasanpour, Pezhman, Fardindoost, Somayeh, Zou, Yichao, Haigh, Sarah J., and Shokouh, Seyed Hossein Hosseini

Subjects
HIGH resolution electron microscopy, ENERGY dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, HETEROJUNCTIONS, SCHOTTKY barrier, FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy, JOINTS (Engineering), VAPORS, ACETONE
Abstract

The room temperature polar vapor sensing behavior of a graphene-TiS3 heterojunction material and TiS3 nanoribbons is described. The nanoribbons were synthesized via chemical vapor transport (CVT) and their structure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. The gas sensing performance was assessed by following the changes in their resistivities. Sensing devices were fabricated with gold contacts and with lithographically patterned graphene (Gr) electrodes in a heterojunction Gr-TiS3-Gr. The gold contacted TiS3 device has a rather linear I-V behavior while the Gr-TiS3-Gr heterojunction forms a contact with a higher Schottky barrier (250 meV). The I-V responses of the sensors were recorded at room temperature at a relative humidity of 55% and for different ethanol vapor concentrations (varying from 2 to 20 ppm). The plots indicate an increase in the resistance of Gr-TiS3-Gr due to adsorption of water and ethanol with a relatively high sensing response (~495% at 2 ppm). The results reveal that stable responses to 2 ppm concentrations of ethanol are achieved at room temperature. The response and recovery times are around 8 s and 72 s, respectively. Weaker responses are obtained for methanol and acetone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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226. Ultra-thin van der Waals crystals as semiconductor quantum wells.

Author

Zultak, Johanna, Magorrian, Samuel J., Koperski, Maciej, Garner, Alistair, Hamer, Matthew J., Tóvári, Endre, Novoselov, Kostya S., Zhukov, Alexander A., Zou, Yichao, Wilson, Neil R., Haigh, Sarah J., Kretinin, Andrey V., Fal'ko, Vladimir I., and Gorbachev, Roman

Subjects
MODULATION-doped field-effect transistors, TERAHERTZ materials, SEMICONDUCTORS, CRYSTALS, QUANTUM wells, LIGHT sources
Abstract

Control over the quantization of electrons in quantum wells is at the heart of the functioning of modern advanced electronics; high electron mobility transistors, semiconductor and Capasso terahertz lasers, and many others. However, this avenue has not been explored in the case of 2D materials. Here we apply this concept to van der Waals heterostructures using the thickness of exfoliated crystals to control the quantum well dimensions in few-layer semiconductor InSe. This approach realizes precise control over the energy of the subbands and their uniformity guarantees extremely high quality electronic transport in these systems. Using tunnelling and light emitting devices, we reveal the full subband structure by studying resonance features in the tunnelling current, photoabsorption and light emission spectra. In the future, these systems could enable development of elementary blocks for atomically thin infrared and THz light sources based on intersubband optical transitions in few-layer van der Waals materials. A plethora of solid-state nanodevices rely on engineering the quantization of electrons in quantum wells. Here, the authors leverage the thickness of exfoliated 2D crystals to control the quantum well dimensions in few-layer semiconductor InSe and investigate the resonance features in the tunnelling current, photoabsorption and light emission spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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229. Interfacial Segregation of Alloying Elements During Dissimilar Ultrasonic Welding of AA6111 Aluminum and Ti6Al4V Titanium.

Author

Zhang, Chaoqun, Robson, Joseph D., Haigh, Sarah J., and Prangnell, Philip B.

Subjects
ULTRASONIC welding, DISSIMILAR welding, WELDING, TITANIUM, MATERIALS science, MAGNESIUM
Abstract

Ultrasonic welding is a promising technique for joining dissimilar metals. A particular metal combination of interest to the automotive industry is aluminum-titanium. In such welds, performance is often controlled by processes at the interface, including segregation and intermetallic precipitate formation. This study used high-resolution electron microscopy to investigate this in detail. Enrichment of silicon, magnesium, and oxygen were found at ultrasonic welded aluminum/titanium interfaces; however, other alloying elements such as copper and V were not segregated. Surprisingly, in a very short welding time (1.4 seconds), ~ 4 at. pct of Si was found at the Al/Ti interface. The segregated Si distribution varied inversely with that of O and Mg. The residual oxides and the segregated Si on the Al/Ti interface may act as a barrier for Al3Ti nucleation and growth. The strong chemical attraction between Ti and Si is probably the driving force for Si segregation to the Al/Ti interface. The presence of discontinuous oxides at the Al/Ti weld interface may deteriorate the mechanical properties of the weld. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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231. Infrared-to-violet tunable optical activity in atomic films of GaSe, InSe, and their heterostructures

Author

Terry, Daniel J, primary, Zólyomi, Viktor, additional, Hamer, Matthew, additional, Tyurnina, Anastasia V, additional, Hopkinson, David G, additional, Rakowski, Alexander M, additional, Magorrian, Samuel J, additional, Clark, Nick, additional, Andreev, Yuri M, additional, Kazakova, Olga, additional, Novoselov, Konstantin, additional, Haigh, Sarah J, additional, Fal’ko, Vladimir I, additional, and Gorbachev, Roman, additional

Published
2018
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232. Scalable Patterning of Encapsulated Black Phosphorus

Author

Clark, Nick, primary, Nguyen, Lan, additional, Hamer, Matthew J., additional, Schedin, Fredrik, additional, Lewis, Edward A., additional, Prestat, Eric, additional, Garner, Alistair, additional, Cao, Yang, additional, Zhu, Mengjian, additional, Kashtiban, Reza, additional, Sloan, Jeremy, additional, Kepaptsoglou, Demie, additional, Gorbachev, Roman V., additional, and Haigh, Sarah J., additional

Published
2018
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233. Unraveling the H2 Promotional Effect on Palladium-Catalyzed CO Oxidation Using a Combination of Temporally and Spatially Resolved Investigations

Author

Stewart, Caomhán, primary, Gibson, Emma K., additional, Morgan, Kevin, additional, Cibin, Giannantonio, additional, Dent, Andrew J., additional, Hardacre, Christopher, additional, Kondratenko, Evgenii V., additional, Kondratenko, Vita A., additional, McManus, Colin, additional, Rogers, Scott, additional, Stere, Cristina E., additional, Chansai, Sarayute, additional, Wang, Yi-Chi, additional, Haigh, Sarah J., additional, Wells, Peter P., additional, and Goguet, Alexandre, additional

Published
2018
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236. Biosynthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Using Shewanella oneidensis: Application for Click Chemistry

Author

Kimber, Richard L., primary, Lewis, Edward A., additional, Parmeggiani, Fabio, additional, Smith, Kurt, additional, Bagshaw, Heath, additional, Starborg, Toby, additional, Joshi, Nimisha, additional, Figueroa, Adriana I., additional, van der Laan, Gerrit, additional, Cibin, Giannantonio, additional, Gianolio, Diego, additional, Haigh, Sarah J., additional, Pattrick, Richard A. D., additional, Turner, Nicholas J., additional, and Lloyd, Jonathan R., additional

Published
2018
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238. Atomic-Scale Insights into the Oxidation of Aluminum

Author

Nguyen, Lan, primary, Hashimoto, Teruo, additional, Zakharov, Dmitri N., additional, Stach, Eric A., additional, Rooney, Aidan P., additional, Berkels, Benjamin, additional, Thompson, George E., additional, Haigh, Sarah J., additional, and Burnett, Tim L., additional

Published
2018
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240. Black phosphorus with near-superhydrophobic properties and long-term stability in aqueous media

Author

Matthews, Peter D., primary, Hirunpinyopas, Wisit, additional, Lewis, Edward A., additional, Brent, Jack R., additional, McNaughter, Paul D., additional, Zeng, Niting, additional, Thomas, Andrew G., additional, O'Brien, Paul, additional, Derby, Brian, additional, Bissett, Mark A., additional, Haigh, Sarah J., additional, Dryfe, Robert A. W., additional, and Lewis, David J., additional

Published
2018
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242. Magnetic-Field-Induced Re-entrance of Superconductivity in Ta2PdS5Nanostrips

Author

Zhang, Enze, Xu, Xian, Huang, Ce, Zou, Yi-Chao, Ai, Linfeng, Liu, Shanshan, Leng, Pengliang, Jia, Zehao, Zhang, Yuda, Zhao, Minhao, Li, Zihan, Yang, Yunkun, Liu, Jinyu, Haigh, Sarah J., Mao, Zhiqiang, and Xiu, Faxian

Abstract

The motion of Abrikosov vortices is the dominant origin of dissipation in type II superconductors subjected to a magnetic field, which leads to a finite electrical resistance. It is generally believed that the increase in the magnetic field results in the aggravation of energy dissipation through the increase in vortex density. Here, we show a distinctive re-entrance of the dissipationless state in quasi-one-dimensional superconducting Ta2PdS5nanostrips. Utilizing magnetotransport measurements, we unveil a prominent magnetoresistance drop with the increase in the magnetic field below the superconducting transition temperature, manifesting itself as a giant re-entrance to the superconducting phase. Time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau calculations show that this is originated from the suppression of the vortex motion by the increased energy barrier on the edges. Interestingly, both our experiments and simulations demonstrate that this giant re-entrance of superconductivity occurs only in certain geometrical regimes because of the finite size of the vortex.

Published
2021
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243. Hydrogen evolution and capacitance behavior of Au/Pd nanoparticle-decorated graphene heterostructures

Author

Toth, Peter S., Velický, Matěj, Slater, Thomas J.a., Worrall, Stephen D., Haigh, Sarah J., Toth, Peter S., Velický, Matěj, Slater, Thomas J.a., Worrall, Stephen D., and Haigh, Sarah J.

Abstract

The outstanding properties of two-dimensional materials such as graphene offer the possibility to produce novel hybrid materials with boosted functionality for use in catalysis and electrochemical energy storage. The hydrogen evolution reaction and interfacial capacitance performance of monolayer graphene sheets decorated with various metal nanoparticles are studied herein. Chemical vapor deposition grown graphene monolayer was decorated with Au and/or Pd nanoparticles, either on one side or both sides, forming single- or bi metal graphene heterostructures. These asymmetrically decorated graphene nanocomposites were characterized using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and 3D electron tomography. Electrochemical characterization reveals enhanced hydrogen evolution activity and outstanding capacitance for the resultant composite materials in comparison to pristine graphene and other recently developed graphene-based energy storage devices.

Published
2017

244. An investigation of diffusion-mediated cyclic coarsening and reversal coarsening in an advanced Ni-based superalloy

Author

Chen, Yiqiang, Prasath babu, R., Slater, Thomas J.A., Bai, Mingwen, Mitchell, Robert, Ciuca, Octav, Preuss, Michael, and Haigh, Sarah J.

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, Ni based superalloys, elemental mapping, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Metals and Alloys, Ceramics and Composites, precipitates, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, coarsening, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

The anomalous cyclic coarsening behaviour of γ′ precipitates after ageing at 1073 K has been investigated for the low misfit commercial powder metallurgy (PM) Ni-based superalloy RR1000. Using scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) imaging combined with absorption-corrected energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, the elemental segregation as a function of coarsening behaviour has been experimentally observed for secondary γ′ precipitates. Elemental EDX spectrum imaging has revealed nanoscale enrichment of Co and Cr and a depletion of Al and Ti within the γ matrix close to the γ-γʹ interface. Our experimental results, coupled with complementary modelling and synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis, demonstrate the importance of elastic strain energy resulting from local compositional variations for influencing precipitate morphology. In particular, elemental inhomogeneities, as a result of complex diffusive interactions within both matrix and precipitates, play a crucial role in determining the rate of coarsening. Our findings provide important new evidence for understanding the microstructural evolution observed for advanced superalloys when they are exposed to different heat treatment regimes.

Published
2016

245. Self-assembly of a layered two-dimensional molecularly woven fabric

Author

August, David P., Dryfe, Robert A. W., Haigh, Sarah J., Kent, Paige R. C., Leigh, David A., Lemonnier, Jean-François, Li, Zheling, Muryn, Christopher A., Palmer, Leoni I., Song, Yiwei, Whitehead, George F. S., and Young, Robert J.

Abstract

Fabrics—materials consisting of layers of woven fibres—are some of the most important materials in everyday life1. Previous nanoscale weaves2–16include isotropic crystalline covalent organic frameworks12–14that feature rigid helical strands interlaced in all three dimensions, rather than the two-dimensional17,18layers of flexible woven strands that give conventional textiles their characteristic flexibility, thinness, anisotropic strength and porosity. A supramolecular two-dimensional kagome weave15and a single-layer, surface-supported, interwoven two-dimensional polymer16have also been reported. The direct, bottom-up assembly of molecular building blocks into linear organic polymer chains woven in two dimensions has been proposed on a number of occasions19–23, but has not previously been achieved. Here we demonstrate that by using an anion and metal ion template, woven molecular ‘tiles’ can be tessellated into a material consisting of alternating aliphatic and aromatic segmented polymer strands, interwoven within discrete layers. Connections between slowly precipitating pre-woven grids, followed by the removal of the ion template, result in a wholly organic molecular material that forms as stacks and clusters of thin sheets—each sheet up to hundreds of micrometres long and wide but only about four nanometres thick—in which warp and weft single-chain polymer strands remain associated through periodic mechanical entanglements within each sheet. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show clusters and, occasionally, isolated individual sheets that, following demetallation, have slid apart from others with which they were stacked during the tessellation and polymerization process. The layered two-dimensional molecularly woven material has long-range order, is birefringent, is twice as stiff as the constituent linear polymer, and delaminates and tears along well-defined lines in the manner of a macroscopic textile. When incorporated into a polymer-supported membrane, it acts as a net, slowing the passage of large ions while letting smaller ions through.

Published
2020
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