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Environmental education amid Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires innovation. The pandemic situation need to improving student attitudes in maintaining the environment need an improvement by conducting various innovations and one of them is ILMIZI learning model utilization. The research aim was to improve student attitudes with the ILMIZI model. The research method is experimental without a control class. Samples involved in the research consist of 61 students with a treatment of environmental learning using the ILMIZI model. The Instrument used in this research was the attitude instrument with a scale of 1-5. The research results suggest that t-value (0.231) > t-statistic (1.67) indicating that the ILMIZI model is not yet effective in improving the students' attitudes in maintaining the environment. The pretest score (83.80) and post-test score (83.62) are not significantly different. The conclusion drawn from the research is that the ILMIZI model has not effective in improving student attitudes in maintaining the environment during COVID-19.

Rural places are defined by their connectedness--close-knit, supportive communities that work together to meet the needs of children and families. But geographic isolation is another defining feature of rural places, one that often renders rural families invisible to nonrural Americans. Indeed, national conversations about the COVID-19 pandemic often overlook the nearly 7.5 million rural children in the United States. From food and housing insecurity and critical shortages in child care options to underreporting of child maltreatment and continued inadequate access to healthcare, the well-being of rural children and their families is particularly at risk as the pandemic continues. Balancing the need to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and the need to keep rural children and families connected to essential services is at the heart of the challenges local and state officials face. Compounding this dilemma is the troubling message that the virus is not spreading in rural areas. In mid-November, 80 percent of U.S. rural counties were in the red zone, indicating a high level of infection and community spread. To address these challenges, developing and implementing innovative models that increase services to rural children and families should be a priority for state boards of education.

This article traces the spatial history of New York City's geographic school subdistrict boundaries throughout the 20th century, exploring the historical relationship between race, space, and schooling in New York City and beyond. It seeks to both make the case for studying the spatial history of within-district education boundaries and put the results of our historical mapping project into the public domain. Ultimately, we hope that researchers will use our data to explore their own questions about the history of New York City, its neighborhoods, and its schools, and that some may embark on similar boundary-mapping projects for other cities, counties, and school systems.

Tourism is an important industry that has created a lot of income for many nations, including Thailand; therefore, it is essential to increase its potential as a more sustainable and successful industry, in particular to support a sustainable recovery of nations' economies after a tough situation like COVID-19. The present study was carried out to investigate tourism staff's problems and needs for using English at work and to explore their needs for improving English for their work. The participants were 200 hotel staff in Phang Nga Province, Thailand. Data were collected through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed for data analysis. The findings showed that in general, the hotel staff's problem in using English at work was at a moderate level (M=2.76, S.D.=1.11). They had English writing problems the most. They found it very difficult to write letters or e-mails in English. Regarding their needs for using English, it was found that every English skill was rated at a high level (M=3.75, S.D.=1.11), and English speaking was the most necessary. The hotel staff reported that they had to speak English to welcome, greet and say good-bye to foreign guests. Pertaining to their needs for improving English, overall, the hotel staff needed to improve their English skills at a high level (M=3.85, S.D.=0.98). They highly needed to improve their English use in every aspect, especially English listening. Based on the interview information, English courses, handbooks or applications relating to English for hotels are truly needed for their English use improvement.

This qualitative case study considers the politics of the coalitions that emerged to address fair and affordable housing in the Atlanta metropolitan area between 2017 and 2020 and the connections or barriers they identified to educational opportunity. It applies regional, civic capacity, and social construction of policy frameworks to explore in which arenas the two issue areas of housing and education have been linked by policymakers, and by selected civic entities, non-profit organizations, and philanthropies. The case draws on demographic data, interviews, and documents in the analysis of the barriers to, and possibilities for, coordination of housing and education policy instruments to promote educational opportunity in the region. The author found that the majority of efforts to bridge the two policy areas were developed and led by non-profit actors, and mostly took the form of place-based interventions rather than mobility programs. Implications of these findings for policy design are discussed.

Housing education is critical in the context of today's economy. !is article details the current need for rental education for both consumers and practitioners. We discuss the importance of housing education resources for Extension educators across the United States, describe the updated curriculum RentWise, and provide information related to accessing the curriculum.

Children who have been commercially sexually exploited are a vulnerable population, often in need of housing services. However, little is known about housing services for this population. To address this gap, the current study aims to further the understanding and knowledge about housing services for children who have experienced commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) in the U.S. Through a structured online search and review of the research literature, we identified 56 programs thought to be serving children who have experienced CSE in the United States. Agencies were asked to complete a brief semi-structured survey on their services for youth who have been commercially sexually exploited. Of the 56 programs, 43 programs were still active and targeted for recruitment. 16 programs completed the surveys (37% response rate). Findings from the survey included variations across programs in lengths of stays and type of housing services offered, few formal protocols for data collection and evaluation, and generally strong support for the use of survivor mentors. Based on our literature review and survey analysis, we provide recommendations for implementing potentially effective new housing services and suggest some useful strategies for developing rigorous program evaluations.

Since it was signed into law, the Workforce Investment and Opportunity Act (WIOA) has been the subject of continuing scrutiny. One commonly shared concern is that the evaluation metrics of the Act (e.g., employment, salary, etc.) may incentivize programs to work with learners who will more readily meet expected outcomes (Pickard, 2016). Others suggest this concern is misplaced, pointing to the fact that the Act explicitly notes that the models created for State and program evaluation will be adjusted to recognize the priority given to serving students who face significant barriers (Wilson, 2015). These barriers include low levels of English and/or literacy, disabilities, limited work experience, lack of stable shelter, economic vulnerability and being an ex-offender. Learners who face these barriers are often identified as being part of "hard-to-serve" populations, both in policy documents and in commentary in the field. However, it is unclear what the term actually means. Because the term is not explained or elaborated on, "hard to serve" is open for interpretation. In this article, the author offers potential meanings for the term "hard to serve," and argues that recognizing there are no hard-to-serve students, only ill-served ones, will help clarify the political project required to remove the barriers that stand in these students' way.

The purpose of this article was to find out social challenges learners residing in informal settlements in Katima Mulilo Town face. Informal settlements crop up as people move from rural settings to urban areas as they seek better facilities, a process known as urbanisation. However, not all who migrate into urban areas end up getting the required facilities. This result in some finding residence in informal settlements where conditions are deplorable and as a result brings some social challenges to learning. This article's objective is to explore the social challenges learners residing in informal settlements face in learning. The article also seeks possible ways to deal with the social challenges in order to make learning possible. To come up with response to the questions, the study adopted a qualitative research approach. Instruments used to generate data were observation and interviews. To support the data generated from the participants, the learners, the social capital theory and urban theories were used. Some of the social challenges found to impede learning include poverty, flooding, expensive water and electricity bills, limited sewage disposal system, unfair relocations, poor sanitation, unemployment and high crime rate. Solutions were also suggested on how to overcome these challenges.

How do natural disasters affect academic performance? Despite numerous studies having been conducted after the 2015 Nepal earthquake, the academic impacts of this tragic event have rarely been explored. Applying the OLS estimation on the microdata collected through a questionnaire survey among 189 secondary school students of two secondary schools in one of the hardest-hit rural villages, we found that students' average annual test scores dropped by 7% after the earthquake. Human losses measured by the incidence of death or injury and economic losses proxied by the level of house damage in a respondent's family were found to be significant in the decline in the annual test scores of the respondents. Because secondary schools are usually not very close for most of the students in rural mountainous communities, we controlled for time taken to reach school, which was also found to significantly increase the magnitude of the drop in the test score. However, students' level of happiness measured using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and the mother's level of education were found to be significant in reducing the magnitude of the drop in the test score of students. The findings suggest more support is needed for students who faced higher levels of human and economic loss in their family.

In "Hood Feminism," Mikki Kendall critiques mainstream feminism arguing that the feminist movement does not focus on the basic needs of all women. Kendall defines feminism as "the work that you do, and the people you do it for who matter more than anything else" (Kendall, 2020, p.xiii). She focuses on the experiences of marginalized communities and the issues they face as the key to the equality of all women. In eighteen chapters Kendall engages with topics including gun violence, hunger, education, housing, colorism/racism, and reproductive justice. The text represents a critical, meaningful critique of mainstream feminism as a call to action for it to respond to all women's needs.

Emerging research suggests autistic people are disproportionately represented in homeless populations. Less is known about how autistic people experience homelessness and what prevents them from exiting homelessness. This article presents findings from a narrative enquiry investigating the link between autism and homelessness. Ten autistic adults consented to participate in narrative interviews which explored their life histories and pathways through homelessness. This article considers how participants experienced rough sleeping and sofa surfing before attempting to access hostels. It then examines how participants navigated support systems, arguing that barriers to accessing services perpetuated homelessness. Because of these barriers, some participants disengaged with services, preferring to sleep rough. The extent to which participants could be said to have 'chosen' homelessness is balanced with consideration of the lack of autonomy autistic adults are able to exercise over their lives. This article concludes with discussion of practical implications for services and policy in England.

Background: Participatory architecture can promote dialogue across cultures while working together to create physical outputs. A team of academics with a background in architecture, psychology and health sciences evaluated a participatory architecture workshop in Southern Italy as part of the Crossing Cultures project. The goal was to explore participants' experiences and perceived benefits. In the context of situated learning, the workshop brought together architecture students, local citizens and asylum seekers, who by working together and learning from each other formed a community of practice (CoP). Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of members of the CoP, their beliefs about the benefits of the project and ways to improve it. Setting: Data collection took place in 2019 during a participatory architecture workshop in Belmonte, Italy. Method: Twenty-five asylum seekers, locals and students took part in in-depth interviews, which were later subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported experiences relating to 'living together', 'working together', 'making home', 'making locals comfortable to be involved' and 'understanding and respecting differences'. Perceived benefits were 'creating a space for connection', 'revitalising local communities', 'promoting development of towns', 'broadening horizons', 'gaining or practising skills', 'having your ideas heard' and 'creating lasting things'. Conclusion: Findings suggest that creating a CoP not only fulfils individual goals but also addresses common concerns. Participatory architecture workshops in an area with high immigration can create connections between asylum seekers and local people, and promote intercultural dialogue while helping to reactivate an economically and socially deprived area.

This study assessed needs and outcomes for people with developmental disability (DD) to understand the socioeconomic status of this group prior to implementation of the Accessible Canada Act in June 2019. The 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD) was used to analyze data for a sample of individuals with self-reported disability. Data related to employment, education, income, housing, caregivers, and use of government benefits is reported. Compared to the general Canadian public, persons with DD are less likely to: finish high-school or post-secondary education; participate in the labor force or be employed; and earn on average less/year in total income. To align with recent accessibility legislation, significant progress is needed to address disparities for people with DD.

This article examines the legal novelty of the so-called 'Ausbildungsduldung' (temporary suspension of deportation for the purpose of training) in Germany. Since research on this topic is still sparse, the current article analyses the impact of toleration status on training trajectories of young refugees. These trajectories are strongly linked to the completion of vocational training and thus successful integration achievements. The impact of a temporary suspension of deportation for the purpose of training on educational trajectories was assessed using interviews. The results indicate that refugees' training is hampered by numerous challenges and stressors. Moreover, refugees with a temporary suspension of deportation for the purpose of training are subjected to further restrictions resulting from their limited juridical capital. Hence, refugees' tolerated status might directly influence or even impede numerous levels of the training process. Thus, refugees with a tolerated status complete their training under unequal social and legal conditions.

Ongoing management and research interest in dog-related issues at recreation areas necessitates examining support for relevant management strategies among different visitor groups. Using data collected from an onsite survey of nonadjacent visitors (n=1,257) and a household mail survey of visitors who live adjacent (n=74) to a multiple-use recreation area (referred to as the Forests) in Oregon, we compare visitation characteristics and attitudes about dog-related management strategies among these two visitor groups. Nearly half of all respondents reported bringing dogs with them. Overall, respondents supported providing more dog waste bags and trash cans and requiring leashes in busy areas. They opposed requiring leashes everywhere. Compared to nonadjacent respondents, adjacent respondents have been recreating at the Forests longer, used stricter leash behavior with their dogs, and supported stricter leash regulations and increased enforcement of regulations. However, effect sizes for these statistically significant differences were small. Thus, communication and management strategies that aim to mitigate unwanted impacts from dogs may not need to be targeted uniquely to adjacent visitors compared to those who travel to the Forests. We discuss other pertinent management and communication implications.

We analyzed data from 28,601 students enrolled at nine large, public research-intensive universities who completed the Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) COVID-19 survey. Students from underrepresented and marginalized backgrounds had significantly higher odds of experiencing financial hardships compared to their peers, including the loss or reduction of wages from on- and off-campus employment, family's income, financial aid, and expected employment; unexpected increases in living/technology expenses; and higher rates of food/housing insecurity.

The authors describe an undergraduate economics elective focused on the Great Recession and the recession resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. They have taught the course with great success at both liberal arts colleges and research universities and at all levels of the curriculum ranging from a first-year seminar to an upper-level elective. They present a roadmap for instructors interested in offering the class. Although intermediate macroeconomics is assumed as a prerequisite, the authors discuss how they have adapted the class for students with different backgrounds. The course is divided into seven units: the housing bubble and asset pricing, housing policy and history, propagation and panic, monetary policy, fiscal policy, aftermath and international perspectives, and the macroeconomics of COVID-19. Sample assignments and readings are both provided.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to identify sources of stress and examine stress levels by gender among students of Southeast Asian descent. Participants: Six hundred and five Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, Vietnamese, and Other Southeast students from 12 community colleges across the United States. Methods: Students completed the Community College Success Measure administered between 2015 and 2018. Results: More than 50% of male students in the study have experienced food and housing insecurities, transportation issues, and legal concerns. Results from the independent samples t tests indicated that female students reported more stress associated with health and transportation issues in comparison to male students. Conclusions: College health professionals should focus on targeted outreach efforts toward Southeast Asian students and need to consider gender differences in the delivery of psychoeducational groups related to stress reduction and management for this student population.

How school districts measure homelessness among their students has implications for accountability and funding, as well as for supporting student success. Yet, measuring homelessness among high school students is challenging because students move in and out of experiencing it. Using administrative student-level data from a mid-sized public school district in the southern United States, we show that different commonly used procedures to measure which students are considered homeless can yield markedly different estimates of high school graduation rates for these students. This is largely because of differences in how districts classify students who experience homelessness but later become housed. To address the potentially negative effects of housing insecurity on academic achievement, it is important to first identify a common way to diagnose the problem.

According to a proverb often referring to the misery that prevails in restricted if enlightened surroundings, "It is dark under the lamp." Urban areas have emerged as centers of excellence as far as economic development is concerned. People coming from diverse cultural, professional, and economic backgrounds live in cities. Gaps their economic conditions have led to various clusters of people much different from their rural counterparts. Comparing between urban and rural areas, studies often argued that urban education is exceptionally better. Adopting "descriptive analysis" of both secondary and primary data, this study notes that students living in urban slums suffer in terms of three parameters (access, attendance, and academic performance) of K-8 education. Government-run education neglects students living in the slums and this enabled NGOs to step in. Students living in tin-sheds receive education mainly through the government's initiatives, while those living in flats attend private, international, and elite-public schools. Students who live in tin-sheds cannot compete with those who live in flats, let alone the slums. The COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated this crisis. Substantial policy intervention by the government may be the only viable way to ensure developing nations' K-8 urban education is safe from criticism.

Couch hopping is a significant feature of youth homelessness in the United States. Every year, half of youth ages 18 to 25 who experience housing instability report couch hopping--also known as couch surfing or doubling up. Emerging work suggests that in some intergenerational informal hosting arrangements, youth and their adult hosts can form meaningful and supportive relationships. However, hosts also navigate material challenges that could threaten the stability of these arrangements. Based on in-depth interviews with nine youth ages 17 to 23 in informal hosting arrangements and 10 informal hosts, we describe how increased household costs and lease and benefits restrictions can impact stability, and the strategies hosts and youth mobilized to address them. We place hosts' instability in the context of intergenerational poverty and structural racism, reframing material challenges as opportunities to strengthen the village of support youth need to make sustained exits from homelessness.

Engineering design plays an important role in education. However, due to its open nature and complexity, providing timely support to students has been challenging using the traditional assessment methods. This study takes an initial step to employ learning analytics to build performance prediction models to help struggling students. It allows instructors to offer in-time intervention and support for these at-risk students. Specifically, we develop a task model to characterize the engineering design process so that the data features can be associated with the abstract engineering design phases. A two-stage feature selection method is proposed to address the data sparsity and high dimensionality problems. Then, instead of relying on probability-based algorithms such as Bayesian Networks to represent the task model, this study used the Radial Basis Function based Support Vector Machines for prediction to identify the struggling students. Next, we employ an extra-tree classification method to rank the importance of these features. Teachers can integrate the feature importance ranking with the abstract task model to diagnose students' problems for scaffolding design. The results show that the proposed approach can outperform the baseline models as well as providing actionable insights for teachers to provide personalized and timely feedback to students. Implications of this study for research and practice are then discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the variables associated with adult undergraduates' food and housing insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were derived from the 2020 #RealCollege Survey, which was completed by 25,838 adult undergraduates ([greater than or equal to]25 years old) at 72 4-year and 127 2-year institutions in 42 U.S. states. The results suggest that 43.2% of adult undergraduates experienced food insecurity, and 60.6% experienced housing insecurity. Adult undergraduates who had multiple disabilities, grew up in lower-income families, had previously lived in foster care, attended 2-year colleges, and did not live with a spouse/partner had significantly higher probabilities of experiencing food or housing insecurity. Furthermore, first-generation students, international students, or caregivers, parents, or guardians to children had significantly higher probabilities of experiencing food and housing insecurity. Finally, adult undergraduates who experienced COVID-19 pandemic-related academic and financial and health difficulties also had higher probabilities of experiencing food and housing insecurity.

Homelessness disproportionately impacts communities of color. The Racial Contract is employed to examine and understand the limited influence of educational, and social policies/practices that were developed to combat and/or ameliorate housing instability among students and communities of color experiencing homelessness. The White-Savior Industrial Complex is incorporated to account for the dispositions and/or approaches taken by many white teachers and human service professionals; specifically aiming to illuminate the ways in which many teachers and human service providers perceive, treat, and respond to students and families of color experiencing housing instability. To more appropriately address the racial inequities negatively impacting students, families and communities of color experiencing housing instability, a disruption or voiding of the Racial Contract via structural, curricular, and relational systems/social agreements are necessary.

This paper explores the connections between parental nonsupport of a young person's trans or gender diverse identity and young trans people's experiences of justiciable legal problems1 as well as access to the legal system to address these issues. Qualitative youth data were drawn from the TRANSforming JUSTICE: Trans Legal Needs Assessment Ontario (TFJ) study. The narratives of 16 young trans people (16-29 years) were analyzed to identify parental factors in relation to encountering legal problems and accessing the legal system. Five themes emerged: parental nonsupport of gender identity, identity documentation issues, accessing medical care, employment legal problems, and housing legal problems. Results indicate that parental nonsupport of a young person's trans or gender diverse identity may render a young person more vulnerable to experiencing justiciable legal problems and may also create barriers to accessing the legal system to address these issues.

Housing has been identified as one of the most important areas related to individual well-being in emerging adults attending a tertiary educational institution. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to explore the relationship between students' housing conditions and students' psychical, mental, and emotional wellbeing. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Outcomes were categorised into 10 categories: (1) homesickness and adaptation to college life; (2) overall health and distress; (3) sleep; (4) depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions; (5) alcohol abuse; (6) substance abuse; (7) tobacco use; (8) internet addiction; (9) eating disorders; and (10) sexual behaviours. Student housing conditions play an important role in a variety of health and health-related problems. These findings underscore the relationship between housing conditions and different facets of students' mental and physical wellbeing, emphasising the importance of addressing housing conditions in mental health prevention and intervention programmes.

Created during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Shelter Project brought together a denominational seminary, a leading state research university, a community arts organization, and a housing non-profit serving unhoused and vulnerable neighbors. As the pandemic revealed and intensified the ongoing crisis of houselessness in central New Jersey and across the United States, this project, funded by the Henry Luce Foundation, provided direct housing services, preserved the stories of unhoused and vulnerable neighbors, and offered public arts interventions promoting engagement and advocacy. This article reflects on the Shelter Project's collaborative community engagement, demonstrates how oral histories and public arts developed a project-informed pedagogy, and argues for more projects that employ community-engaged scholarship in theological higher education.

Purpose: Many low-income students are unable to participate in internship programs because they lack financial resources to pay for the cost of housing and relocating to the internship site. This paper examines the types of benefits or supports related to housing and relocation that employers are providing to paid interns. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses content analysis to examine the types of supports included in job advertisements posted on Handshake, the largest early career networking platform in the US. Findings: During the period studied, less than 11% of internships advertised indicated that the employer was willing to provide housing or relocation support, only 107 employers across the US. Only 53 employers were willing to provide free company-sponsored housing. Internships offering support are clustered in the fields of business, engineering and research, providing almost no internships for students in other fields. Practical implications: Given the high cost of housing, if a student does not have access to considerable financial resources, they are unlikely to participate in an internship or will be limited to a position in their commutable area. To level the playing field among all students, employers need to offer free or subsidized company-sponsored housing to student interns. While some employers do offer support, the number of students needing support far exceeds the number of internships available. Originality/value: While there is information on what students identify as barriers, there is no accurate picture of employer supports available to mitigate these barriers. This exploratory analysis is the first to examine the benefits and supports employers are providing to paid interns.

This study documents the resources U.S. colleges and universities offer to address student food and housing insecurity and explores differences across community colleges, four-year public schools, and four-year private schools. Using a stratified random sample (n = 448) of U.S. postsecondary institutions, a systematic web search for evidence of 18 resources was conducted. A framework for classifying resources was developed. Logistic regression was used to explore differences by institution type. Eighty-eight percent of the schools in the sample offered at least one resource. On average, schools offered four resources. Food pantries were the most frequently offered resource, while providing information about low-cost campus dining options was the least frequently offered. Four-year private schools offered fewer resources than four-year public schools and community colleges.

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the demand for mobility in higher education to understand the critical elements of students' mobility and the potential impact of accessing sustainable alternatives. The demand for different means of transportation accounts for socioeconomic variables such as household income and size, gender, age, among other travel factors such as distance, time, speed and direct cost. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a unique data set encompassing a representative sample of households across gender and municipalities in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area in Mexico. This paper uses the value of transportation time savings approach to estimate the derived demand for mobility in higher education across different means. The empirical strategy uses a linear utility framework in a multinomial non-ordered logit model to analyze the conditional selection of transportation as a function of sociodemographics, direct monetary costs and travel determinants such as travel time, distance and speed. Findings: Men students are more likely to use an unsustained transportation mode such as a car or cab than women. Income is a crucial determinant for transportation demand. There is a negative relationship between household income and walking or riding the bus but positive with driving a car. An increase in the time of the trip decreases the probability of walking while increasing the likelihood of using a car or riding the bus to school. Students who feel safe while riding a bus are more likely to use the bus or walk as transportation than using a car. Finally, having access to better quality sidewalks significantly incentive walking over other transportation options. Practical implications: Results show that individuals would almost always choose private vehicles because of the personal comforts and time savings. Social implications: Understanding the demand for higher education and access to sustainable transportation might provide new insights into campus planning and development. Access to public transportation options can reduce the travel costs for students with lower incomes and enlarge options for students who have to commute longer distances by car. Sustainable transportation access plays a role in promoting equality and economic development. Originality/value: This study's results bring new light on how transportation becomes an essential component of the opportunity cost of college education and could define its role in promoting equality or increasing inequality. This study's finding is of particular interest for cities where housing location seems to be independent of access to school, work or other amenities.

Objective: We examined socioeconomic, academic, and health-related factors associated with respondent reports that childcare interfered with academics. Participants: 176 undergraduate student parents. Methods: We administered a cross-sectional survey to a representative sample of students at a public university in New York City. Using a sub-set of those who reported being parents/guardians (n = 176), we conducted bivariate analyses to assess factors associated with childcare problems interfering with school. Results: About 30% of the sample reported that childcare interfered with school somewhat/moderately/a lot in the last year. Compared to those with no/little perceived interference, they were significantly more likely to need mental health treatment (30% vs. 13%; p < 0.01), worry that they would run out of food sometimes/often (32% vs. 16%; p < 0.01), and experience housing problems (26% vs. 9%; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Offering mental healthcare and services addressing food and housing insecurity can help college students to navigate challenges inherent to being a student parent.

This paper reflects on the problems faced by refugee students during the COVID-19 pandemic (summer semester 2020) as "calouros," i.e. freshmen during their first year, in a public university in Brazil. Through a content analysis of their personal accounts, collected electronically by their teacher of Portuguese for academic purposes (the first author), we describe how five students (a Syrian, two Haitians, a Venezuelan and a Togolese refugees) (re)visit their experiences, in which several dynamics intersect: being 'calouro', being refugee students, learning the shelter language "in loco," and experiencing social distancing due to the closing of universities. Because learning the language of the host country is not the only factor affected by the pandemic, we also observe how language learning (settings) intersect with other aspects characterising the refugee status: housing conditions, availability of learning materials, and the uncertainty attached to the present and future of their own lives and of other family members.

Stable housing is an important determinant of health equity (Swope & Hernández, 2019). Yet, there are few studies exploring housing insecurity in rural areas. In the current study, we examined the similarities and differences in housing insecure experiences across four rural areas in the state of Maine. We used a qualitative case study approach in which each of the four areas represented a case. We conducted interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders (N = 70) to better understand how housing insecurity manifested in each area. Participants discussed a variety of housing insecure experiences in their communities. However, the types and magnitude of these challenges differed across the four areas; findings indicated that rural areas are different from urban areas and from each other. That there are differing patterns of housing insecurity across rural communities has important implications for which housing policy and social service supports are most needed in each community.